WO2013094839A1 - Système de génération de puissance photovoltaïque à onduleurs multiples - Google Patents

Système de génération de puissance photovoltaïque à onduleurs multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013094839A1
WO2013094839A1 PCT/KR2012/005902 KR2012005902W WO2013094839A1 WO 2013094839 A1 WO2013094839 A1 WO 2013094839A1 KR 2012005902 W KR2012005902 W KR 2012005902W WO 2013094839 A1 WO2013094839 A1 WO 2013094839A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
solar cell
string
inverter
tracking
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Application number
PCT/KR2012/005902
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
박기주
권영복
이동준
Original Assignee
(주)케이디파워
주식회사 에너솔라
(주)케이디티
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from KR1020110141511A external-priority patent/KR101132323B1/ko
Priority claimed from KR1020120010759A external-priority patent/KR101141074B1/ko
Application filed by (주)케이디파워, 주식회사 에너솔라, (주)케이디티 filed Critical (주)케이디파워
Priority to JP2014548643A priority Critical patent/JP5901792B2/ja
Priority to CN201280063054.1A priority patent/CN104025409A/zh
Publication of WO2013094839A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013094839A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/493—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/102—Parallel operation of dc sources being switching converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar power generation system having an inverter provided with a plurality of change units.
  • the multi-inverter solar system improves the use efficiency of the inverter by varying the capacity of the inverter according to the amount of power produced from the solar cell array.
  • the present invention relates to a photovoltaic system.
  • PV module Photovaltaic Module
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a conventional photovoltaic device.
  • a conventional photovoltaic device connects a plurality of photovoltaic modules 10 in series to form one string 20, and connects the strings 20 in parallel to each other. It consists of the array 10A. Then, by collecting the output from the solar cell array 10A and supplying the output to the inverter, the DC power is converted into AC power and supplied to the power system.
  • the conventional photovoltaic device determines the capacity of the inverter 40 in consideration of the maximum generation amount of the solar cell array 10A. That is, the capacity of the inverter 40 is determined to have a capacity equal to or greater than the amount of power produced when the amount of power generation of the solar cell array 10A is maximum.
  • the inverter 40 having the same capacity as the maximum production power of the solar cell array is used, the amount of power produced by the solar cell array is often smaller than that of the inverter 40, resulting in a decrease in efficiency of the inverter 40. There is a problem.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a multi-inverter photovoltaic power generation system to vary the capacity of the inverter according to the amount of power produced from the photovoltaic cell array, thereby improving the use efficiency of the inverter.
  • Another object of the present invention is to perform the maximum power tracking for each string of the solar cell, to achieve the maximum power production, and to apply the environmental factors in the maximum power following the multi-inverter to achieve fast and efficient maximum power tracking It is to provide a solar power system.
  • a solar cell array having a plurality of solar cell strings configured to be connected to a plurality of solar cell modules and producing power generation;
  • a string optimizer for performing maximum power point tracking control of each of the plurality of solar cell strings and converting a generation voltage of the generated power output from each of the plurality of solar cell strings into an output voltage having the same magnitude;
  • a plurality of converters for converting and generating the generated power transformed from the string optima into AC power, for converting the generated power, and for distributing the generated power to the plurality of converters.
  • an inverter configured to vary the number of converters driven among the plurality of converters according to the magnitude of the generated power.
  • the plurality of converters have the same converting capacity.
  • the inverter further includes an inverter control unit, wherein the inverter control unit distributes the distribution of the power distribution unit so that a conversion unit having a relatively short driving time compared to other conversion units, which is operated for the generation power, is preferentially driven among the plurality of conversion units. To control.
  • the string optimizer is connected to each of the plurality of solar cell strings to convert the power generation voltage into the output voltage and perform the maximum power point following control;
  • a detector configured to generate a detection value including an environmental element that changes the amount of power generation of the solar cell module, the generation voltage, and the output voltage;
  • a controller configured to generate a power following control signal for each of the string controllers using the sensed values.
  • the environmental element includes any one or more of the amount of sunshine, the temperature of the region in which the solar cell module is installed, the temperature of the solar cell module surface, the air volume, the wind speed, and the humidity.
  • the output voltage is variable.
  • the string controller includes a converter for boosting or reducing the input voltage from the solar cell string; A fuse connected between the solar cell string and the converter; A circuit breaker connected to an output terminal of the converter; And an MPP controller for generating a control signal for the boosting or depressurizing of the converter.
  • the control unit may include a tracking range calculator configured to calculate a tracking range value including a current or voltage range at which maximum power point tracking is to be performed based on the detected value; A control signal generation unit for generating a maximum power point following control time signal by the tracking range value, the input voltage, and the output voltage from the tracking range calculator; And a tracking history storage unit storing the tracking range value in correspondence with the detection value.
  • the following range calculating unit divides the daily power generation time of the solar cell module into a plurality of time sections, and calculates a basic following range of each of the time sections.
  • the following range calculating unit calculates the following range by reflecting an expected range of power generation change due to the environmental element detection value in the basic following range.
  • the following range calculating unit omits power tracking for the excess of the generated voltage and the output voltage when the generated voltage and the output voltage temporarily exceed the maximum following range expected in the time section.
  • the solar cell string is a stationary or tracking solar cell module.
  • the multi-inverter photovoltaic power generation system can vary the capacity of the inverter according to the amount of power produced from the solar cell array, thereby improving the use efficiency of the inverter.
  • the multi-inverter photovoltaic power generation system performs the maximum power tracking for each string of the solar cell, to achieve the maximum power production, and to apply the environmental factors in the maximum power tracking, the fast and efficient maximum power tracking It is possible to make it happen.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a conventional photovoltaic device.
  • FIG. 2 is an exemplary view showing the configuration of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention.
  • 3 is a configuration example showing the configuration of the string optima in more detail.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a control unit of the string optima in more detail.
  • 5 is an exemplary view for explaining a tracking range calculation according to temperature and illuminance among environmental factors.
  • 6 is an exemplary diagram for describing power tracking over time.
  • FIG. 7 is an exemplary view for explaining a method of storing and using tracking history information.
  • FIG. 8 is an exemplary view for explaining the configuration and operation of the inverter of FIG.
  • FIG. 2 is an exemplary view showing the configuration of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system includes a solar cell array 100, a string optima 200, and an inverter 300.
  • the solar cell array 100 converts sunlight into electric power and provides it to the string optima 200.
  • the solar cell array 100 is composed of a plurality of solar cell string 120, each solar cell string 120 is configured by connecting a plurality of solar cell module 110 in series.
  • Each of the solar cell strings 120 configured in the solar cell array 100 may have a different generation capacity for each string, and different solar cell strings 120 may be configured with different solar cell modules.
  • the solar cell modules 110 included in the same solar cell string 120 may have different capacities, power generation voltages, and operation methods.
  • one solar cell string 120 may be configured by connecting a plurality of solar cell modules having a power generation of 5 kw in series, and the other solar cell string 120 includes a plurality of solar cell modules 110 having a generating power of 3 kw. It can be configured by serial connection. Also, one string may be configured as a fixed solar cell module to which the solar cell module 110 is fixed, and the other string may be configured as a tracking type such that the direction and angle of the solar cell module 110 are changed along the sun. . In addition, each of the solar cell strings 120 is connected to the string converter 230 of the string optima 200 to supply the generated power to the string converter 230.
  • the string optimizer 200 converts the power supplied from each solar cell string 120 into DC-DC, converts the power supplied to a voltage corresponding to the input voltage of the inverter 300, and supplies the converted voltage. To this end, the string optimizer 200 performs DC-DC conversion by the maximum power point following control, and reflects the change in power generation amount in the environmental element at the maximum power point following control.
  • the string optima 200 is a string control device 220 and environmental elements and string control to perform DC-DC conversion and maximum power point tracking for the voltage of the generated power supplied from each solar cell string 120 And a controller 210 for generating a control signal for controlling the string controller 220 by using the input / output voltage to the device 220 as a sensed value.
  • the controller 210 generates a control signal for individually controlling the plurality of string controllers 220.
  • the controller 210 performs power tracking for each string based on each input voltage and output voltage transmitted to the string controller 220, and transfers the control signal generated by the string controller to the string controller 220. do.
  • the controller 210 performs power tracking according to environmental information transmitted from the sensor 130.
  • the controller 210 may apply different tracking ranges according to environmental information such as the solar radiation amount of a location where the solar cell module 110 or the solar cell string 120 is installed, the temperature of the installation location, the temperature of the panel, and the time. The power point is followed and a control signal is generated accordingly and transmitted to the string controller 220. This control method will be described in more detail with reference to the other drawings below.
  • the string controller 220 converts the current flow voltage supplied from the solar cell string 120 into an input DC voltage of the inverter 301, and performs the conversion under the control of the controller 210.
  • the string controller 220 transmits an input voltage input from the solar cell string 120 to the string controller 220 and an output voltage value output from the inverter after the change to the controller 210.
  • the string control device 220 Detailed configuration and operation of the string control device 220 will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings below.
  • the detector 290 detects environmental factors affecting the amount of power generation of the solar cell array 100, generates a sensed value, and transmits the generated sensed value to the string controller 210 of the string optima 200.
  • the environmental factors may have a direct influence on the amount of power generation, such as solar radiation, sunshine, illuminance, temperature of the solar cell module 110, temperature of the solar cell module 110 or the solar cell string 120, wind direction, wind speed, and humidity.
  • the solar cell module 110 includes an element that may cause a change in power generation, such as the temperature or the presence of an obstacle.
  • the detector 290 essentially detects the temperature of the solar light and the solar cell module 110 such as solar radiation, sunshine, and illuminance, and transmits the detected result to the string controller 210.
  • the sensing unit 290 includes a plurality of sensing sensors.
  • the inverter 300 receives the generated power converted to have the same voltage size by the string optima 200 and converts the generated power into AC power.
  • the inverter 300 of the present invention selectively drives the plurality of converters 330 in order to increase conversion efficiency and reduce consumption and failure due to driving.
  • the inverter 300 includes a plurality of converters 330 for converting DC power output from the string optima 200 into AC power, and generating power generated from the string optima 200 and outputting a plurality of converters ( It is configured to include a distribution unit 320 for distributing to 330.
  • the inverter 300 determines the number and capacity of the converter 300 to be operated according to the capacity of the generated power, and selects one or more of the plurality of converters 330 according to the determination result to generate the generated power that is DC power. Convert to AC power.
  • the conversion unit 300 is configured to have the same conversion capacity for ease of control, exchange and production. However, it may be composed of a plurality of conversion unit 320 having a different conversion capacity, thereby not limiting the present invention.
  • the inverter 300 in particular, the inverter control unit 310 collects the driving time of the converter 330 to select the converter to be operated, and confirms the collected drive time information, the converter 330 with less running time. ) Is selected and driven first.
  • 3 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the string optima in more detail.
  • the string optima 200 is relayed by the fuse 211 between the string controller 220 and the solar cell string 120.
  • the fuse 211 is automatically cut when the overvoltage, overcurrent of the solar cell string 120 serves to protect the circuit.
  • a circuit breaker 212 is installed at the output terminal of the string optima 200 to disconnect the inverter 300 from the string optima 200 when an abnormality occurs in the solar cell string 120 or the string optima 200. .
  • Each of the string controllers 220 is connected to the solar cell string 120 through a fuse 211, and converts a voltage of power supplied from the solar cell string 120 into an input voltage of the inverter 300.
  • the MPT controller 221 controls the converter 222 to output the maximum power according to the control signal of the converter 222 and the controller 210.
  • the control unit 21 of the string control device is connected to the mpp controller 221 of each string control device 220.
  • An input voltage input to each of the string controllers 220 and an output voltage output from each of the string controllers 220 are measured by the MPPT controller 221 and transmitted to the controller 210, or the controller 210 is each string.
  • the voltage value may be directly received from the voltage detector installed at the input / output terminal of the control device 220. However, this does not limit the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the control unit of the string optima in more detail.
  • control unit includes a sensing unit 211, a following range calculation unit 310, a following history storage unit 320, and a control signal generator 330.
  • the sensing unit 211 detects information for generating a control signal and transmits the information to the following range calculating unit 310.
  • the detector 211 includes an input voltage detector 301, an output voltage detector 302, and a sensor 130.
  • the input voltage detector 301 detects a voltage of input power input to the string optima 220.
  • the output voltage detector 302 detects a voltage of power output from the string optima 220.
  • the input voltage detector 301 and the output voltage detector 302 detects the input voltage and the output voltage of each of the plurality of string control devices 220 in real time and transmits them to the following range calculator 310.
  • the sensor 130 detects environmental factors affecting the solar cell array 100 and transmits the detection result to the following range calculation unit 310.
  • Environmental elements sensed by the sensor 130 are the amount of light, illuminance of the sunlight irradiated to the solar cell array 100, the temperature, humidity of the region where the solar cell array 100 is installed, the surface temperature of each solar cell module 110 In addition, any factor that can cause a change in generation can be measured.
  • the following range calculator 310 selects a voltage and a current range to perform maximum power estimation according to the detection result of the detector 211, and transmits the selected range value to the control signal generator 330. That is, the tracking range calculation unit 310 determines the magnitude of the power supplied from the solar cell string 120 according to the input voltage and the output voltage from the detection unit 211 and the information detected by the sensor 130. In addition, the power generation value of the solar cell module 110 according to the current weather conditions to calculate the maximum voltage and current range.
  • the following range calculation unit 310 calculates the following range by reflecting the time information and the date or the seasonal information in the information previously input or accumulated according to the operation.
  • the following range calculating unit 310 transmits the input voltage and the output voltage to the control signal generator 330, and transmits the calculated tracking range information to the control signal generator 330 and the following history storage unit 320. Will be delivered to The following ranges generated by the following range calculation unit 310 are generated separately for each of the solar cell strings 120.
  • the tracking history storage unit 320 stores the tracking range information transmitted from the tracking range calculation unit 310 together with the environmental element information detected by the detection unit 211, and stored at the request of the tracking range calculation unit 310. Provide information.
  • the tracking history storage unit 320 records and maintains changes in input voltage, output voltage, and maximum power according to environmental factors for each time zone, season, and weather condition.
  • the control signal generator 330 controls a power conversion rate of the MPP controller 222 by using the input voltage and output voltage values and the calculated tracking range values transmitted through the tracking range calculator 310. It generates and delivers to the epitaxial controller 222.
  • 5 is an exemplary view for explaining a calculation of a tracking range according to temperature and illuminance among environmental factors.
  • (a) is a graph showing the output voltage and current relationship of the solar cell string according to the temperature
  • (b) is a graph showing the output voltage and current relationship of the solar cell string according to the illuminance.
  • (a) when the illuminance is constant, if the temperature is lowered, the magnitude of the voltage produced from the solar cell string becomes smaller, and thus, the overall production power becomes smaller.
  • (a) is a graph of voltage and current when C is at a lower temperature than A. Even if the current has a relatively constant value, the magnitude of the voltage is small and the maximum power is reduced.
  • the string optima 200 of the present invention in particular, the following range calculation unit 310 selects a voltage and a current range at which the maximum power point is to be formed according to an environmental element detected by the sensing unit 211, and selects the selected voltage and current.
  • the tracking range value calculated so that the maximum power point tracking can be controlled within the range is transmitted to the control signal generator 330.
  • the MPP controller 221 performs power tracking at a voltage and current value at which maximum power tracking can be achieved within a short time, thereby improving power generation efficiency by the solar cell.
  • the temperature in particular, the temperature of the surface of the solar cell module having a direct influence on power generation has a feature that changes slowly over time as long as there is no influence of other environmental factors.
  • the temperature of the surface of the solar cell module may be drastically reduced by the wind. That is, in FIG. 5A, the maximum power point may be formed in the range 1 (P1), and the temperature may drop rapidly, thereby forming the maximum power point in the range 2 (P2).
  • the conventional control apparatus performs the maximum power tracking to the range 2 (P2) by varying the voltage and current corresponding to the range 1 (P1), thereby increasing the time required.
  • the temperature recovers at a rapid rate after a temporary drop in temperature, disturbance occurs in following the maximum power, and it takes considerable time until the accurate follow.
  • the tracking range is selected according to the temperature change and power tracking is performed in the corresponding range as in the present invention, fast tracking becomes possible, thereby minimizing waste of generated power.
  • 6 is an exemplary diagram for describing power tracking over time.
  • FIG. 6 (a) is a diagram showing division of power generation time by time zone, and (b) shows a change in output voltage and output current of a solar cell string according to time division.
  • the most important factors in photovoltaic power generation are the presence and the amount of light for power generation. This amount of light does not remain constant until the sun rises and changes over time. In particular, in the case of winter, even when the maximum amount of light before and after noon it is often difficult to generate the maximum power. In particular, during winter, at the same time of winter, when the sun goes down, the amount of sunshine changes rapidly. As the graph of (a) proceeds clockwise, the voltage and current graph of (b) changes in the direction (x1) in which the output increases. In (a), the graph of (b) changes in the direction y1 where the output decreases after passing the sections b5 and b6 which are maximum output time points.
  • the generation time is divided (B1 to B10) for each time zone to approximate the maximum power following range, and the following range is selected for each range to generate a control signal for controlling the MPP controller 221. .
  • the tracking range is calculated by comparing the amount of sunshine and the predetermined division and the voltage and current range, and when the power tracking is performed within the calculated tracking range, the speed and efficiency of the maximum power point tracking can be improved. do.
  • the power generation reduction rate according to temperature and the power generation reduction rate according to insolation amount to the selected basic following range, recalculate the following range and perform maximum power point following accordingly.
  • Environmental factors can be applied to the power point following range.
  • the calculation of the power generation reduction rate is stored along with the weather conditions at the time of measurement, the amount of power generation, and the maximum power point information to be formed, and then used as a basis for speeding up the maximum power point following a similar environment. It becomes possible.
  • the maximum change in time can be achieved by applying a decrease in power generation efficiency and change in following range to climate change according to time zones.
  • the power point can be searched.
  • FIG. 7 is an exemplary view for explaining a method of storing and using tracking history information.
  • the solar cell string 120 may display an output graph as shown in FIG. 7A at a specific time.
  • the maximum output tracking range on the V-I graph is P11.
  • the tracking range calculating unit 310 selects a tracking range so that power tracking is performed near the voltage Vp and current Ip points when there is no change in the environmental element, and the control signal generator 330 converts the converter input into the selected tracking range.
  • the solar cell string 120 operates to produce maximum power.
  • the condition that the maximum power point tracking is performed, the voltage, current value, ambient temperature, panel temperature, sunshine amount, time, wind speed, and wind direction information of the maximum power following range are stored in the following history storage unit 330, and then power by similar conditions. It is used as information to confirm the following range when following.
  • the graph itself for the maximum power tracking may be changed.
  • the maximum power point tracking can be achieved through the graph of (a), but when a large temperature change occurs or the amount of sunshine changes,
  • the VI graph also changes significantly.
  • the maximum power point tracking can be controlled in a short time.
  • the following range can be selected by reflecting only the amount of sunshine and the changed temperature.
  • the environmental factors in the estimated range as in the present invention it is possible to follow the change in the V-I graph by predicting the temperature change of the panel according to the ambient temperature.
  • the temperature of the solar panel is changed according to the temperature and wind speed of the location where the solar cell is installed, and has a direct influence on the power production.
  • the expected tracking range may be approximated in advance by identifying and applying similar factors from previous tracking information stored in the tracking history storage unit 330, and the input and output voltages of the solar cell string 120 are changed. By applying the input and output voltage values to the expected tracking range, it is easy to find the voltage and current range for the maximum power point tracking.
  • the string optima 200 of the present invention divides the generation time into several steps and performs power tracking by reflecting the environmental elements and the converter input / output voltage in the following range represented by each time section. do.
  • the tracking is performed by a constantly changing voltage or current, and a large change in the temporary voltage or current may occur.
  • the efficiency is reduced in following after the temporary change is released.
  • you divide the time and limit the following range in consideration of the seasonal factors to which the time belongs, it will not follow large fluctuations in voltage and current that occur during a short time, thereby preventing power generation efficiency from falling. Will be.
  • it is easy to determine the following direction by estimating whether the voltage or the current rises or falls according to the time zone division, and reflects the environmental factors and the converter input / output voltage, thereby enabling the rapid response to the maximum power point tracking.
  • environmental factors involved in such development are sorted and approached according to time division and seasonal division according to time division, and used for selecting a range of tracking, which enables fast following by using algorithm that is not very complicated compared to the existing one.
  • FIG. 8 is an exemplary diagram for describing the configuration and operation of the inverter of FIG. 2.
  • the inverter 300 of the present invention includes an inverter control unit 310, a power distribution unit 320, and a conversion unit 330.
  • Inverter 300 of the present invention by varying the number of the conversion unit 330 is driven according to the amount of generated power delivered through the string optima 200, the drive efficiency of the inverter 300, conversion efficiency is lowered, aging acceleration The DC-AC conversion is performed in an optimal state.
  • the converter 330 performs an operation by the power distribution unit 320 operating according to the switching control of the inverter controller 310.
  • the string optima 200 converts the generated power provided from each solar cell string 120 into direct current-direct current conversion and converts the generated power into an inverter input voltage having the same voltage. As illustrated in FIG. 8, the converted input voltage is collected into one and supplied to the power distribution unit 320 of the inverter 300.
  • the distribution unit 320 distributes the generated power whose voltage size is converted to the inverter input voltage to the conversion unit 330, so that the conversion unit 330 can convert the generated power of the direct current form into the power of the alternating current. do.
  • the inverter controller 330 determines the magnitude of the generated power through the string optima 200 or a separate measuring instrument, and determines the number of converters 330 to be operated. For example, if the conversion capacity of each converter 330 is 50KVA (or 50KW), and the magnitude of power transmitted from the string optima 200 is 120KVA (or 120KW), the inverter controller 310 may convert the drive to be driven. The number of units 330 is determined to be three.
  • the inverter controller 310 transmits a switching control signal to the power distribution unit 320 so that the power distribution unit 320 can supply power to the three conversion units 330. Control to configure the circuit.
  • the power distribution unit 320 operates a power switching device such as an IGBT according to a switch control signal so that the three converters 330 and the output lines of the string optima 200 are connected.
  • the inverter controller 310 may select not only the number of converters 330 to be driven but also the converters 330 to be driven, and in particular, may be selected according to the driving time of each converter 330. Do. That is, the inverter controller 310 controls the driving so that the driving time of the converter 330 becomes uniform. To this end, the inverter control unit 310 measures the driving time of each converter 330, and controls the switching of the power distribution unit 320 to drive the converter 330 having a low driving time first.
  • one inverter is composed of a plurality of converters, and the inverters are driven by varying the number of converters driven according to the amount of generated power.
  • the present invention can prevent the efficiency degradation that may occur by performing the power conversion by the inverter having a conversion capacity larger or smaller than the generated power amount, it can be described the increase in the amount of power produced as a result.
  • the present invention is installed in place of the inverter configured in the existing photovoltaic power generation system, it is possible to increase the amount of power generation through the improvement of the efficiency of the existing facility and to reduce the reinstallation cost according to the use of the existing facility.
  • the present invention unlike the conventional photovoltaic power generation system by configuring a plurality of converters, even if a failure occurs in any one of the converter it is possible to continuously operate the power generation system, as a result can increase the total amount of power generated. .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de génération de puissance photovoltaïque à onduleurs multiples, destiné à améliorer l'efficacité d'utilisation d'onduleurs en faisant varier la capacité des onduleurs en fonction de la quantité d'énergie générée à partir d'un réseau photovoltaïque. Le système de génération de puissance photovoltaïque à onduleurs multiples comprend : un réseau photovoltaïque présentant une pluralité de chaînes photovoltaïques formées par connexion d'une pluralité de modules photovoltaïques pour générer de la puissance; un optimum de chaîne pour contrôler la recherche du point maximal de puissance pour chaque chaîne de la pluralité de chaînes photovoltaïques, et pour convertir, en une tension de sortie de taille uniforme, la tension de la puissance générée produite en sortie par chaque chaîne de la pluralité de chaînes photovoltaïques ; et un onduleur qui présente une pluralité d'unités de conversion pour convertir la puissance générée transformée par l'optimum de chaîne en courant alternatif et produire en sortie ce courant alternatif, ainsi que pour convertir la puissance générée, et une unité de distribution pour distribuer la puissance générée à la pluralité d'unités de conversion, et qui fait varier le nombre d'unités de conversion en fonctionnement parmi ladite pluralité d'unités de conversion en fonction de la quantité de puissance générée.
PCT/KR2012/005902 2011-12-23 2012-07-24 Système de génération de puissance photovoltaïque à onduleurs multiples WO2013094839A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

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JP2014548643A JP5901792B2 (ja) 2011-12-23 2012-07-24 マルチインバーター太陽光発電システム
CN201280063054.1A CN104025409A (zh) 2011-12-23 2012-07-24 多逆变器光伏发电系统

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KR1020110141511A KR101132323B1 (ko) 2011-12-23 2011-12-23 단위 그룹별 최대전력점 추종을 수행하는 태양광 발전 시스템
KR10-2011-0141511 2011-12-23
KR10-2012-0010759 2012-02-02
KR1020120010759A KR101141074B1 (ko) 2012-02-02 2012-02-02 멀티인버터 태양광 발전시스템

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