Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
  • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
  • A61B3/103—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining refraction, e.g. refractometers, skiascopes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
  • A61B3/0083—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes provided with means for patient positioning
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
  • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
  • A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
  • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
  • A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
  • A61B3/036—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters for testing astigmatism
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
  • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
  • A61B3/103—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining refraction, e.g. refractometers, skiascopes
  • A61B3/1035—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining refraction, e.g. refractometers, skiascopes for measuring astigmatism
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
  • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
  • A61B3/14—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography
  • A61B3/15—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography with means for aligning, spacing or blocking spurious reflection ; with means for relaxing
  • A61B3/152—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography with means for aligning, spacing or blocking spurious reflection ; with means for relaxing for aligning

Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to the field of optometric devices and methods. More particularly, the invention relates to an optometry apparatus for determining the different values of the prescription of a multifocal or progressive visual compensation goggle lens, or spectacles intended for near vision compensation (readers), related to the measurement of the differentiated ocular refraction of a plurality of eyes and in particular in far vision and near vision. These measurements are intended to be used for the optical design and manufacture of the refractive faces of a multifocal or progressive spectacle compensating lens, or intended for near-vision compensation (including readers-type glasses, pre-assembled spectacles ), whether passive glasses or variable optical powers by electronic control.
• a multi-focal compensating lens has at least two distinct compensating powers for two areas of the compensating lens corresponding to two viewing distances.
• a progressive compensating lens has a variable power on the surface of the lens, ranging, for example in the case of a presbyopia compensation, from an area where the spherical compensation is low for distance vision (VL) to a zone where spherical compensation is stronger for near vision (VP).
• a progressive compensating lens generally has a medium compensation for an intermediate vision distance between the far vision and the near vision.
• the compensating lenses of multifocal or progressive glasses allow the subject to benefit from an optical power compensation adapted for different viewing distances without changing glasses.
• a multi-focal compensating lens or a progressive compensating lens there are monocular or binocular optometry devices for measuring the optical compensation to be provided in near vision and far vision.
• An optometric device based on the measurement of the reflection and / or refraction of a light beam by an eye thus makes it possible to measure the differential power compensation (or sphere) VLA / P that is to say the compensation to bring to the measured eye in near vision and far vision.
• a multi-focal or progressive compensating lens can correct not only an optical power defect but also other vision defects and in particular astigmatism.
• some opto-metering devices Based on the same principle of measurement of reflection and / or refraction of the eye, some opto-metering devices make it possible to measure the astigmatism compensation parameters (cylinder and axis) and / or the higher-order compensation parameters (see standard ISO 24157: 2008 which specifies standard methods for recording aberrations of the human eye).
• VLA / P differentiated reflection and / or eye refraction measurements are done manually only.
• An optometrist uses a test eyeglass to determine the different values of prescription compensating lenses.
• an optical system interposed on the ocular axis adapts the optical power to change the visual accommodation distance on a target, the line of sight of the gaze remaining horizontal.
• EP1882444 discloses a method and a device for measuring the visual characteristics of an eye in different viewing directions, in which an aberrometer is placed on a movable support in rotation so as to incline the measurement axis for the align in a downward direction.
• an aberrometer is placed on a movable support in rotation so as to incline the measurement axis for the align in a downward direction.
• a technical difficulty appears (impossibility in some cases) to position the measurement path in the natural gaze axis of the subject.
• collisions between the head and the measuring device On the other hand the mechanical elements of the existing systems, in particular the translation plates for centering, are designed to operate on a horizontal plane.
• One of the aims of the invention is to provide a device and an optometry method for performing a measurement (objective or subjective) of at least one VL / VP differentiated vision parameter of a subject as a function of the aiming direction. monocular or binocular.
• the invention aims at providing an optometry device for measuring at least one vision parameter according to different directions of monocular or binocular aiming of a subject.
• the present invention proposes a device for determining at least one vision parameter of a subject according to a plurality of monocular or binocular aiming directions of the subject, said device comprising a monocular or binocular ophthalmological measuring device, comprising ophthalmological measurement means for determining the vision parameter capable of emitting an illumination optical beam and for receiving an optical measuring beam along at least one measurement optical axis aligned with a predetermined direction of aiming of the eye concerned, visual stimulation means capable of generating a stimulation optical beam along an optical stimulation axis aligned with said predetermined aiming direction of the eye concerned, and head support means able to receive the head of a subject and to maintain it in a determined posture.
• the device comprising at least one optical alignment system disposed between the ophthalmological measuring means and the eye concerned, said optical alignment system being able to reflect said optical beams of illumination and measurement between the foci of the ellipse.
• the device further comprises adjustment means able to modify the relative position of said optical alignment system with respect to the head support means so as to bring the second focus near the center of rotation of the concerned eye of the subject.
• said optical alignment system comprises first reflecting optical means and second reflecting optical means, said first reflecting optical means being tangent to said ellipse at a first point on a first direction of view and at least one other point on at least one other direction of sight of the eye concerned, and said second reflective optical means being rotatably mounted about the first focus between a first position in which the optical alignment system aligns said first direction of view with the optical measurement axis and at least one other position in which the optical alignment system aligns said at least one other viewing direction of the eye concerned with the optical measurement axis.
• said first reflecting optical means comprise a spherical mirror, a plane mirror, a plurality of plane mirrors, a dichroic plate or a plurality of dichroic plates;
• said first reflecting optical means comprise a first mirror and said optical alignment system comprises means for moving the first mirror capable of moving the first mirror along a predetermined trajectory as a function of the monocular or binocular aiming direction of the subject;
• said moving means of said first mirror comprise an articulated rod system and / or a cam and / or a mechanical guiding system
• said predetermined trajectory being an elliptical trajectory and said first mirror being oriented to be tangent to said elliptical path;
• said first reflecting optical means comprises a first mirror having a first predetermined position tangent to said ellipse at a first point and a second mirror having a second predetermined position tangent to said ellipse at another point;
• said first reflecting optical means comprise an ellipsoidal mirror, or generally an optical surface such that the optical conjugate of the point Y is the point E; and said second reflecting optical means comprises a second non-zero optical power mirror, such that the optical alignment system consisting of the first and second mirrors is substantially afocal, i.e., afocal at first order at sense of the average sphere in the Gaussian approximation.
• said second reflecting optical means comprise a plane mirror
• said optical alignment system comprises means for orienting the second reflecting optical means able to rotate the second reflecting optical means around the first focus of the ellipse according to the monocular or binocular sighting direction;
• said alignment system comprises tilting means of said optical alignment system, said tilting means being able to orient the plane of the ellipse around an axis passing through its foci;
• said alignment system comprises at least a first predetermined position associated with a first sighting direction and at least one other predetermined position associated with said at least one other aiming direction;
• said first aiming direction is a straight horizontal direction in front of the subject and said at least one other aiming direction corresponds to a near vision viewing direction inclined with respect to the horizontal;
• the device comprises a first predetermined position for the said at least one lowering angle of the gaze and a second predetermined position for the said at least one lowering angle of gaze;
• the ophthalmological measurement means are capable of measuring and recording at least one vision parameter of sphere, cylinder, axis, higher-order aberrations, keratometry and / or corneal topography, and / or pupil diameter in a first direction of view and in at least one other direction of view, and / or a difference between a vision parameter measured in said first direction of sight and measured in said at least one other direction of sight.
• said ophthalmological measuring apparatus is a binocular apparatus having a first measurement axis associated with the subject's right eye and a second measurement axis associated with the subject's left eye, and said device comprises:
• a first optical alignment system disposed between said binocular ophthalmological measuring device and the subject's right eye
• a second optical alignment system disposed between said binocular ophthalmological measuring device and the left eye of said subject.
• FIG. 1 shows schematically a device according to a first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 2 diagrammatically represents a device according to a first variant of the first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 3 diagrammatically represents a device according to a second variant of the first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 4 schematically shows a device according to a second embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 5 schematically shows a device according to a third embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 6A to 6F schematically show different views of a binocular device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
• the subject is in a sitting or standing configuration which is such that his head is straight, that is to say that the Frankfurt plane relative to the subject's head is substantially horizontal.
• the plane of Frankfurt is the landmark that allows the study of the skull. Otherwise called plane of Virchow, it passes previously by the floor of the orbit and posteriorly to the top of the external acoustic meatus. It is also said that the subject is in an orthostatic position, a position in which he achieves the minimum of effort.
• a medial or sagittal plane PSAG of the subject's head 30 is defined as being a vertical plane parallel to an anteroposterior axis of the head and passing through a point midway between the two eyes.
• the sagittal plane is parallel to the plane of Figure 1.
• the axis of the gaze or line of sight DV of the subject situated in a plane parallel to the sagittal plane of the subject is defined.
• the line of sight is a horizontal line DVI corresponding to the primary axis of gaze.
• the axis of gaze of the subject is horizontal in far vision position.
• the subject is led to lower or raise his gaze, and / or to direct his gaze to the right or to the left (in this case the axis of gaze is no longer parallel to the PSAG plane), while maintaining its head 30 in the orthostatic initial position.
• the line of sight DV is a line located in a plane parallel to the sagittal plane and inclined with respect to a horizontal line.
• the right ocular axis is defined as being the axis passing through the object fixed by the subject and the center of the exit pupil (ie the image of the real pupil by the cornea) of the right eye.
• the right ocular axis is a straight line passing through the center of rotation of the right eye and the center of the pupil of the right eye or the axis connecting the fixed object to its corresponding image on the retina. All these definitions give approximately the same axis.
• the left ocular axis is defined as being the axis passing through the object fixed by the subject and the center of the exit pupil of the left eye.
• the so-called "far vision” position corresponds to the vision of an object located infinitely in front of the subject, the line of sight being horizontal.
• the image of the object being at infinity, the angle of convergence of the two eyes is zero (the right and left ocular axes are parallel).
• Far vision is therefore associated with zero proximity (0 dioptres) and zero glide angle settings. It follows from the proximity that the effective convergence angle is generally zero in far.
• the so-called near vision position corresponds to the vision of the image of an object located at a close distance (from 20 to 40 cm for example) facing the subject, the line of sight being lowered. In near vision, both eyes converge on the image of the object.
• An intermediate vision position (VI) in terms of proximity (0.5 D) and angle of lowering of the gaze (lowering angle of 15 degrees) corresponds, for example, to the comfortable distance for reading on a computer screen .
• the optimal compensation of a multifocal or progressive compensating lens varies not only according to the proximity of a target but varies in conjunction with the lowering of the gaze.
• follow-up studies of the kinematics of the eyes of a subject according to the lowering of the gaze allowed to analyze the movement of the eyes when a subject passes from a natural position in far vision, with the axis of the horizontal gaze, at a position in close vision, with the axis of the gaze lowered, for example for reading a paper document.
• ocular compensation parameters sphere, cylinder, axis, higher order aberrations, keratometry, corneal topography, etc.
• FIG. 1 there is shown in side view a monocular or binocular optometrist device according to a plurality of sighting directions according to a first embodiment of the invention.
• the optometry device comprises an external measurement system not shown integral with the device, for example ocular reflection and / or refraction and a variable proximity target to stimulate accommodation and / or convergence of the subject in a direction of view monocular or binocular.
• the measurement system emits a light beam along an optical measurement axis 2 intended to be directed towards the eye 20 of the subject to be measured.
• the measuring system collects the light beam originating from the refraction and / or reflection by the eye considered along the same optical axis of measurement 2.
• a stimulus target or pattern emits a light beam intended to be directed towards the eye 20 of the subject to be measured superimposed on the line of sight of the eye in question.
• FIG. 1 shows an ellipse 3 having a minor axis 4 and a major axis 5, a first focus Y and a second focus E.
• the optical rotation center CRO of the eye 20 to be measured coincides with the first focus Y of the ellipse 3.
• the device comprises adjustment means for bringing the first focus Y in the vicinity of the CRO of the right eye 20.
• the device comprises a head support, comprising a chinrest and a front support for holding the head in a determined position, and means for adjusting the relative distance between the head support and the first mirror 16.
• the head is resting on the chinrest, and the distance between the first focus Y and the optical rotation center of the eye 20 is adjusted via the observation field of the measurement system so that the pupil of the eye is always observed in all the viewing directions considered for the measurement.
• the CRO of the eye must be located so that the image of the pupil by the optical system consisting of the two mirrors 16 and 18 is not shifted by more than 10mm from the measurement axis 2 for all the sighting directions.
• the second focus of the ellipse 3 is placed at a point E on the optical measurement axis 2 of the ophthalmic meter.
• the measuring device further comprises an optical system disposed between the eye 20 of the subject and the optical measurement axis 2.
• the optical system is a mirror optical system composed of a first mirror 16 and a second mirror 18.
• the first plane mirror 16 returns the aiming direction towards the first focus E of the ellipse 3 and the second plane mirror 18 straightens the image of the line of sight by the first mirror to align it with the optical axis of the meter for several aiming directions of the subject.
• the plane mirror 16 is tangent to the ellipse 3.
• the first plane mirror 16 and the second plane mirror 18 are movable in translation and / or in rotation, as a function of the direction of rotation. purpose of the subject.
• FIG. 1 the optical system disposed between the eye 20 of the subject and the optical measurement axis 2.
• the optical system is a mirror optical system composed of a first mirror 16 and a second mirror 18.
• the first plane mirror 16 returns the aiming direction towards the first focus E of the ellipse 3 and the second plane mirror
• the second mirror 18 plane is disposed on the path the measuring optical axis 2 being incident on the second plane mirror 18 at the point E.
• the second mirror 18 is rotatable about the point E.
• FIG. second mirror 18 in three orientations 18-A, 18-B and 18-C.
• the orientations 18-A, 18-B and 18-C are chosen in such a way that a beam propagating along the direction 210, respectively 220 or 230 is reflected on the mirror 18 according to the orientation 18-A, respectively 18- B or 18-C and propagates towards the measuring device along the measuring axis 2. Conversely, a beam of illumination coming from the measuring apparatus and propagating along the measuring axis 2 is incident on the second mirror 18 at the point E. According to the orientation 18-A, respectively 18-B or 18-C of the second mirror 18, the illumination beam is reflected in one direction 210, respectively 220 or 230.
• the optical system consisting of the first mirror 16 and the second mirror 18 optically aligns the measurement axis 2 passing through the point E and the line of sight passing through the point Y and vice versa, for several viewing directions 21, 22, 23. Therefore, the illumination beam from the point E and along the optical axis 210, respectively 220 or 230 is reflected in the direction 21 respectively 22 or 23 of the ocular axis .
• the optical system formed by the first movable mirror 16 and the second orientable mirror 18 makes it possible to ensure the optical alignment between the optical measurement axis 2 of a fixed apparatus and the line of sight of the subject, for a plurality of sighting directions.
• first mirror 16 In a first measurement position in VL, the first mirror 16 is tangent to the ellipse 3 at a point A and the second mirror has an orientation 18-A. In a second measurement position at VI, the first mirror 16 is tangent to the ellipse 3 at a point B and the second mirror has an orientation 18-B. In a third measurement position in VP, the first mirror 16 is tangent to the ellipse 3 at a point C and the second mirror has an orientation 18-C. In the 18-A position, the normal to the second mirror 18 is aligned on the bisector between the optical measurement axis 2 and the axis 210.
• the normal to the second mirror 18 is aligned with the bisector between the optical measurement axis 2 and the axis 220.
• the normal to the second mirror 18 is aligned on the bisector between the optical measurement axis 2 and the axis 230.
• the points A, B, and C being tangent to the ellipse 3 whose focal points are the point Y and the point E, the system makes it possible to keep an identical optical path YAE, YBE and YCE for the viewing directions 21, 22 and 23.
• the first mirror 16 is a concave, spherical, elliptical or ellipsoidal mirror and the second mirror 18 is a non-zero power mirror such that the optical system composed of the mirrors 16 and 18 is afocal in the first order of the aberrations.
• the first mirror 16 is movably mounted in a combination of translation and rotation by a system of links 8, 9.
• a first link 8 has a first end connected to a hooking point rod 6 and a second end connected to the mirror 16 at a link attachment point 161.
• a second link 9 has a first end connected to a connecting point 7 and a second end connected to the mirror 16 link tie point 162.
• the rod system 8 and 9 is articulated so that the movement of the first mirror 16 is tangent to the ellipse 3.
• the sizing of the link articulated system can be done as follows. At least three positions of the first mirror 16 (respectively corresponding to the points A, B, C) are placed on the ellipse 3 (for example, the two extreme positions A, C and a position halfway B). The first mirror 16 is dimensioned by its useful aperture resulting from the ray plots of the measuring system for all the ocular axis positions respectively 21, 22 and 23. Two attachment points of the links 161, 162 are chosen on the first mirror 16. The links 8, 9 occupy at least three positions each 8-A, 8-B, 8-C and respectively 9-A, 9-B and 9-C. For each of the two attachment points of the connecting rods 161, 162, the center of the circle passing through the three successive positions is calculated.
• the two centers F and respectively H correspond to the fixed attachment points of the rods 6 and 7 respectively.
• the positions of the attachment points of the connecting rods 161, 162 on the first mirror 16 can be optimized in order to minimize misalignment between the axis AE propagated towards the eye and the eye for the intermediate positions.
• some parameters can be optimized (size of the ellipse 3, ...) or imposed by constraints of cost, size or weight.
• a displacement system of the cam mirror 16 is used instead of an articulated rod system.
• the length of the optical path between the points E and Y remains constant regardless of the optical path Y- AE, YBE or YCE.
• the EP axis does not vary with the direction of the line of sight.
• the optical system consisting of the mirrors 16 and 18 makes it possible to align the measurement optical axis 2 with an image of the ocular axis according to different viewing directions of view 21, 22 respectively 23.
• the first embodiment allows ophthalmological measurements as a function of the direction of sight over a wide angular range.
• the articulated rod system makes it possible to use a first mirror 16 of limited size and therefore of relatively low cost.
• the device of FIG. 1 avoids moving an ophthalmic measuring device to align it with the ocular axis of the subject.
• the optical path between the point Y and the point E is constant regardless of the path followed, that is to say whatever the aiming direction.
• the optical conjugation system has the advantage of not changing the length of the optical path between the eye and the measuring device regardless of the monocular or binocular sighting direction. It is therefore not necessary to change the sharpness of a target for the different measurement positions and focus on the eye.
• FIG. 2 there is shown in side view a monocular or binocular optometry device according to a variant of the first embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a simplified variant of the first embodiment of FIG. The same elements bear the same reference signs as in Figure 1.
• the measuring device also comprises a measuring apparatus (not shown) having a measurement axis 2 and a mirror optical system.
• the optical system comprises a set of two mirrors 16-A and 16-C and a second plane mirror 18, similar to the device of FIG.
• the mirrors 16-A and 16-C are fixed respectively in the two predetermined positions A and C.
• the second mirror 18 is an orientable plane mirror also having two predetermined positions 18-A and 18-C.
• the device of FIG. 2 makes it possible to measure in two monocular or binocular sighting directions, corresponding for example to a distance vision measurement and a near vision measurement.
• the device of FIG. 2 makes it possible in particular to perform a differentiated measurement VLA / P.
• mirrors 16-A and 16-C are tangent to the ellipse, and points E and Y are optically conjugated.
• the mirror 18 is rotatable about the point E, between the first position 18-A and the second position 18-C. These two positions are predetermined.
• the rotation drive system of the second mirror can be simplified by a system switching between two stops.
• the mirror 16-A is tangent to the ellipse 3 at point A of intersection with the line of sight 21, and the mirror 16-C is tangent to the ellipse 3 at point C of intersection with the line of sight 23.
• the image of the line of sight 21 formed by the mirror 16 A passes through the point E.
• the image of the line of sight 23 formed by the mirror 16-C passes through the point E.
• the mirror 18 is oriented in the position 18-A so that the image of the line of sight 21 formed by the mirror 16-A and the mirror 18 in the position 18-A is superimposed with the measurement axis 2.
• the mirror 18 is oriented in the 18-C position in such a way that the image of the line of sight 23 formed by the mirror 16-C and the mirror 18 in the position 18-C is superimposed with the measurement axis 2.
• FIG. 3 shows a second variant of the embodiment of FIG. 2.
• the device of FIG. 3 comprises two patterns 40-A and 40-C of different proximities which are separated from the ophthalmic measuring apparatus.
• the 40-A target has a proximity corresponding to a distance vision
• the 40-A target has a proximity corresponding to a near vision.
• the mirrors 16-A and 16-C are replaced by dichroic plates 26-A respectively 26-C, said hot blades.
• the hot blades 26-A and 26-C are able to transmit a visible beam (400-700 nm) and reflect a beam in the near infrared (750-1 100nm).
• the hot blade 26-A is tangent to the ellipse 3 at the point A
• the hot blade 26-C is tangent to the ellipse 3 at the point C.
• the mirror 18 intersects the optical measurement axis 2 at the point E and rotates around the point E between a position 18-A and a position 18-C.
• the 40-A pattern In a first measurement position, the 40-A pattern emits a visible optical stimulation beam in order to stimulate the subject's accommodation in far vision, while the 40-C pattern is extinguished.
• the mirror 18 is then in the 18-A position.
• the hot blade 26-A transmits the visible optical stimulation beam so as to superpose the optical axis of the stimulation beam with the aiming direction 21 which passes through the point A and the point Y.
• the measuring apparatus generates a near-infrared illumination beam aligned with the optical measurement axis 2.
• the mirror 18 at position 18-A reflects the lighting beam in the direction 210 passing through the point E and the point A.
• the hot blade 26-A reflects the near-infrared illumination beam in the direction of the line of sight 21, corresponds to a direction of sight in vision from a distance.
• the measuring beam is formed by reflection and / or refraction of the illumination beam by the eye 20 in the viewing direction 21.
• the hot blade 26-A reflects the measuring beam in the direction 210 towards the point E on the mirror 18.
• the mirror 18 in position 18-A reflects the measuring beam in the measuring axis 2.
• the device thus allows Ophthalmological measurement the eye being oriented in a first direction of sight 21.
• the 40-C pattern In another measurement position, the 40-C pattern emits a visible optical stimulation beam in order to stimulate the subject's accommodation in near vision, while the 40-A pattern is extinguished.
• the mirror 18 is then in the 18-C position.
• the hot blade 26-C transmits the visible optical stimulation beam so as to superpose the optical axis of the stimulation beam with another aiming direction 23 which passes through the point C and the point Y.
• the measuring apparatus generates a near-infrared illumination beam aligned with the optical measurement axis 2.
• the mirror 18 in the 18-C position reflects the illumination beam in the direction 230 passing through the point E and the point C.
• the hot blade 26-C reflects the near infrared illumination beam in the direction of the line of sight 23, corresponds to a near vision direction of view.
• the measuring beam is formed by reflection and / or refraction of the illumination beam by the eye 20 in the aiming direction 23.
• the hot blade 26- C reflects the measuring beam in the direction 230 towards the point E on the mirror 18.
• the mirror 18 in the 18-C position reflects the measuring beam in the measurement axis 2.
• the optical system formed by the hot blades 26-A, 26-C and the pivoting mirror 18 makes it possible to align the measurement optical axis 2 with a direction 21 in far vision and with a viewing direction 23 in near vision, along two optical paths, respectively EAY and ECY, having the same optical length.
• FIG. 4 an optometric device is shown in side view according to the direction of view according to a second embodiment of the invention.
• the device of FIG. 4 comprises an optical system formed first mirror 16 and a second mirror 18.
• the first mirror 16 is formed of a portion of the ellipse 3 and has for focal points E and Y points.
• the second mirror 18 is a non-zero mirror of power or a deformable mirror adapted to correct the optical aberrations of the first mirror 16.
• the second mirror 18 is pivotally mounted around the point E.
• the first ellipsoidal mirror 16 remains fixed.
• the points E and Y are optically conjugated through the first mirror 16.
• FIG. 4 shows three measurement positions corresponding to three monocular or binocular sighting directions.
• An optical beam propagating along the segment 21 and incident on the first mirror 16 at a point A is reflected by the mirror 16 along the axis 210 towards the point E.
• an optical beam propagating along the segment 22, respectively 23, and incident on the first mirror 16 at a point B, respectively C is reflected by the mirror 16 along the axis 220, respectively 230, towards the point E.
• the second mirror 18 is rotatable in at least three positions 18-A, respectively 18-B and 18-C so as to straighten the image of the ocular axis through the first mirror 16 to align it with the measuring optical axis 2. In the 18-A position, the normal to the second mirror 18 is aligned on the bisector between the optical measurement axis 2 and the axis 210.
• the normal to the second mirror 18 is aligned on the bisector between the optical axis of measurement 2 and the axis 220.
• the normal to the second mirror 18 is a line on the bisector between the optical measurement axis 2 and the axis 230.
• the second mirror 18 is a deformable mirror to compensate for the aberrations of the first mirror 16 as a function of the monocular or binocular sighting direction, it is that is, according to the orientation of the mirror 18.
• the compensating deformation applied to the second mirror 18 may be predefined as a function of the orientation of the second mirror 18.
• the first ellipsoidal mirror 16 optically converts the optical center of rotation of the eye coincides with the point Y with the point E on the measuring optical axis 2 with a constant optical path length for different monocular or binocular sighting directions.
• the second mirror 18 makes it possible to straighten the image of the ocular axis and to align it with the optical measurement axis 2.
• the optical conjugation system of FIG. 4 illustrates the operation for three measurement positions.
• the first ellipsoidal mirror 16 allows measurement over a continuous range of directions of Monocular or binocular gaze. Other measurements are possible for other directions of monocular or binocular vision.
• the second mirror 18 it is sufficient to orient the second mirror 18 according to the monocular or binocular sighting direction, so that the optical measurement axis 2 is aligned with the image of the ocular axis for a monocular sighting direction or particular binocular through the optical conjugation system.
• the advantage of the device of Figure 4 is to require the displacement of a single component, the second mirror 18, the first mirror 16 remaining fixed.
• a single rotational movement of the second plane mirror 18 is sufficient to align the optical measurement axis 2 with the image of the ocular axis in different viewing directions.
• the measurement range depending on the monocular or binocular sighting direction, is related to the extent of the ellipsoidal mirror. The larger the desired angular measurement range, the higher the cost of the ellipsoidal mirror, and the more the aberrations are difficult to correct.
• the device described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 4 corresponds to a monocular or binocular measurement according to a plurality of aiming directions.
• the plane of FIGS. 1 to 4 containing the axis 5 of the ellipse 3 may be parallel to the sagittal plane in the case where the change in direction of the gaze corresponds to a lowering of the gaze without convergence movement; alternatively the plane of Figures 1 to 4 containing the axis 5 of the ellipse 3 may be parallel to the plane of Frankfurt in the case where the change in direction of view corresponds to a binocular convergence without variation of the lowering of the gaze.
• the plane of Figures 1 to 4 may be an inclined plane of a fixed inclination relative to the sagittal plane.
• the device comprises means of rotation, able to rotate the plane containing the axis 5 of the ellipse 3 about the axis 5.
• the plane of the ellipse 3 can be inclined around the axis YA, the lowering and the convergence being linked in a predetermined manner.
• FIG. 5 shows an ophthalmological measurement system according to a third embodiment of the invention.
• the device comprises a monocular measuring device 1 able to perform a monocular measurement along an optical measurement axis 2.
• the measurement apparatus 1 comprises an internal target able to generate a stimulation optical beam in vision from a distance.
• the monocular measuring device 1 is movable in translation (horizontal arrow) in order to be arranged facing the eye to be measured.
• the device of FIG. 5 comprises a binocular target 40 capable of stimulating the accommodation and the convergence of the two eyes simultaneously.
• the target 40 has a proximity corresponding to a near vision.
• the device also includes an optical alignment system for each eye, so as to perform measurements in several gaze sighting directions without changing the length of the optical path.
• An optical system comprising two hot mirrors 31 -A, 41 -A is located closest to the eyes to allow to stimulate convergence and accommodation in VP.
• the attachment point 40 is located at a proximity between 0.5 and 10 diopters in the sagittal plane to solicit ocular convergence.
• the hot mirrors 31 -A, 41 -A and the target 40 are arranged to combine a lowering and a convergence of the binocular look in VP.
• the hot mirrors 31 -A and 41 -A make it possible to observe the fixation point 40 in the visible, while returning the infrared measuring beam towards a pivoting mirror 32, respectively 42, in the direction of the measuring axis 2 of FIG. the monocular measuring device 1.
• the device When the target 40 in VP is lit, the device thus allows a monocular measurement in a direction of view in VP, respectively 13 for the left eye 10 and 23 for the right eye 20.
• the device further comprises hot mirrors 31 -B, 41 -B arranged so as to allow a measurement in VL in a direction of sight, respectively 1 1 for the left eye 10 and 21 for the right eye 20.
• the orientable mirrors 32, 42 allow to pass from a measurement position in VL at another measurement position in VP, and vice versa. In position VL the eye sees the stimulus of the measuring apparatus 1 which is therefore monocular. While in the VP position, the stimulus 40 is seen by the two eyes to lower the gaze, to converge and accommodate to a single point.
• the monocular measuring device thus makes it possible to measure in VL and VP.
• the mirror 31 -A respectively the mirror 31 -B, is arranged to be tangent at a point A, respectively at a point B, to an ellipse having as focal points a point Y aligned with the CRO of the left eye 10 and a point E located at the intersection of the measurement axis 2 and the mirror 32.
• the mirror 41 -A is arranged to be tangent at a point A ', respectively at a point B ', at an ellipse having for focal points a point Y' aligned with the CRO of the right eye 20 and a point E 'situated at the intersection of the measurement axis 2 and the mirror 42.
• the optical path between the CRO of the measured eye and the ophthalmological measuring apparatus 1 is identical in the direction of targeted in VP and VL.
• Figures 6A-6F schematically illustrate different views of a binocular device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
• This is a variant of the device of FIG. 5, in which a monocular measuring device movable in translation is replaced by two monocular measuring devices respectively having a 2D straight measurement axis and a 2G left measurement axis. respectively to the right eye and the left eye, to avoid translational movement.
• Figures 6A, 6B and 6C illustrate the operation of the device in VL, the line of sight being horizontal.
• FIGS. 6D, 6E and 6F illustrate the operation of the device in VP, the line of sight being lowered relative to the horizontal and the view being convergent.
• FIGS. 6A-6D are perspective views of the measuring device
• Figures 6B and 6E are top views
• Figures 6B and 6E are front views of the device.
• the same reference signs correspond to the same elements as described in connection with the other embodiments.
• FIGS. 6A-6F only show the optical alignment system, the other elements not being represented.
• the device comprises a binocular target capable of stimulating the accommodation and the convergence of the two eyes simultaneously.
• the measurement axis 2G of the left eye of the subject is observed in the foreground and the measurement axis 2D of the subject's right eye in the second plane.
• the device includes a head support 100 including a chin guard 101 and a front support area for holding the subject head 30 in a fixed position.
• the subject's head is held in a position where the Frankfurt plane is horizontal.
• the head support may be inclined to perform measurements in other head positions of the subject.
• the device comprises a first optical system comprising a first fixed ellipsoidal mirror 16, a second rotating or rotatable mirror 18, and an ophthalmological measuring device dedicated to the right eye 20 along the 2D measurement axis.
• the device also comprises a second optical alignment system comprising a first fixed ellipsoidal mirror (and not a mirror moving along an elliptical trajectory), a second mirror 17 of non-zero power, rotating or rotatable, and a measuring apparatus Ophthalmological dedicated to the left eye 10 along the axis of measurement 2G.
• 6A-6F also comprises adjustment means acting on the portion 101 of the chin guard 100 and / or on the optical alignment system, to bring a focal point of the ellipsoidal mirror 15 in the vicinity of the optical rotation center of the left eye 10.
• adjustment means are provided for bringing a focal point of the ellipsoidal mirror 16 in the vicinity of the CRO of the right eye 20.
• the height adjustments of the right and left optical alignment systems may be different for align the measurement axes according to the height of the subject's eyes.
• the right and left optical alignment systems are coupled, in particular the orientation of the mirrors 17 and 18.
• the subject observes a pattern in a vision posture corresponding to the distance vision: the right ocular axis 21 and the left ocular axis 1 1 are horizontal and substantially parallel to each other (to vision defects subject matter).
• the ellipsoidal mirrors 15 and 16 respectively return the left eye axis 1 1 in a direction 1 10, respectively the right ocular axis 21 in a direction 210, to the second mirror 17, respectively 18.
• the mirror 17 is oriented to align the image of the left ocular axis on the left measurement axis 2G
• the mirror 18 is oriented to align the image of the right ocular axis on the 2D straight axis of measurement.
• the subject observes a pattern in a vision posture corresponding to the near vision: the right ocular axis 23 and the left ocular axis 13 are lowered and converge.
• the ellipsoidal mirrors 15 and 16 respectively return the left ocular axis 13 in a direction 130, respectively the right ocular axis 23 in a direction 230, to the second mirror 17, respectively 18.
• the ellipsoidal mirrors 15, 16 remain fixed in the different postures of measurement.
• the mirror 17 is oriented to align the image of the left ocular axis 230 on the left measurement axis 2G, and the mirror 18 is respectively oriented to align the image of the right ocular axis 130 on the 2D straight axis of measurement.
• the device of FIGS. 6A-6F makes it possible to perform a monocular measurement of each eye according to a plurality of binocular aiming directions.
• the optical alignment system comprising the ellipsoidal mirrors 15 and 16, and the mirrors 17, 18 makes it possible to perform an ophthalmological measurement following a plurality of viewing directions of the gaze, while ensuring the conservation of the length of the optical path according to the different viewing directions of the gaze.
• the left and right monocular measuring instruments remain fixed.
• only the second mirrors 17 and 18 are rotatable about a pivot point and compensate the 1 orders the aberrations generated by the ellipsoid 15 and 16.
• the value of the pupillary half-distance parameter can be adapted symmetrically or otherwise (managed by half-IPD) and from an external measurement (Visioffice or pupillometer) or from a return setting the device in VL during alignment.
• the invention is particularly suitable for anyone who practices ophthalmic measurements by refraction and who wishes to propose or perform measurements by following the physiological inclination of the subject's eyes.
• the device of the invention can be used by an optometrist or an ophthalmologist, or by an optician to determine the personalization parameters of a spectacle lens.
• the device and the method and the invention can be used to define the means necessary for prescribing a multi-focal or progressive compensating lens.
• the invention makes it possible to adapt a monocular or binocular ophthalmic measuring device having an optical measuring axis for each eye, to allow measurements according to a plurality of monocular or binocular sighting directions.
• the device of the invention allows a differentiated ophthalmological measurement in far vision and in near vision taking into account the viewing direction of the gaze.

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