Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
  • A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
  • A61K8/9783—Angiosperms [Magnoliophyta]
  • A61K8/9794—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/16—Emollients or protectives, e.g. against radiation
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
  • A61Q19/02—Preparations for care of the skin for chemically bleaching or whitening the skin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
  • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
  • C12Q1/25—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving enzymes not classifiable in groups C12Q1/26 - C12Q1/66
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/72—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving blood pigments, e.g. haemoglobin, bilirubin or other porphyrins; involving occult blood
  • G01N33/728—Bilirubin; including biliverdin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2500/00—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value
  • G01N2500/04—Screening involving studying the effect of compounds C directly on molecule A (e.g. C are potential ligands for a receptor A, or potential substrates for an enzyme A)
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2500/00—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value
  • G01N2500/20—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value cell-free systems
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
  • Y10T436/14—Heterocyclic carbon compound [i.e., O, S, N, Se, Te, as only ring hetero atom]
  • Y10T436/145555—Hetero-N
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
  • Y10T436/14—Heterocyclic carbon compound [i.e., O, S, N, Se, Te, as only ring hetero atom]
  • Y10T436/145555—Hetero-N
  • Y10T436/146666—Bile pigment

Definitions

• the present invention relates to compositions effective in accelerating the degradation of heme by-product accumulation in the skin, particularly bilirubin accumulated in bruised skin or areas under the eyes. More particularly, the present invention relates to topical compositions containing an extract derived from the plants of the genus Strelitzia or Phenakospermum, and to the manufacture and methods of using such compositions.
• the human body comprises a number of pigmented molecules that contain porphyrin-containing components that comprise iron as part of the porphyrin molecule. These are frequently referred to as "heme” type molecules. Hemoglobin, and to a lesser extent, myoglobin, neuroglobin and cytoglobin are well-known porphyrin-containing molecules. Hemoglobin in particular is important for the skin because it is one of the primary pigments that define skin tone and color. The fine vascularization of the skin is also important for the "rosy" glow attributed to healthy skin.
• heme-containing molecules like hemoglobin break down in the body, they can convert to a number of degradation products that are also pigmented. For example, hemoglobin first converts to biliverdin and then to bilirubin, which is eventually removed from the body through the liver and kidneys. As heme degradation by-products accumulate, the body may also create certain proteins like ferritin and hemosiderin that will trap free iron and store it to keep it from reaching toxic levels in the skin. Most of these degradation by-products are also highly colored with dark blues, browns, and yellows being common colors for them. When these molecules accumulate near the surface of the skin, they can manifest themselves as undesirable spots such as bruises, dark circles, and other skin pigment disorders.
• the accumulation of heme degradation by-products can cause what is commonly referred to as dark circles. It is believed that the dark circles on the skin that surrounds the eyes are the result of a number of factors that are related to impaired vascular circulation around the eyes. This includes principally blood vessel leakage, accumulation of blood and blood degradation by-products around the eyes, and ineffective drainage of the blood and blood by-products through the lymph system surrounding the eyes. These conditions can be exacerbated at night when blood flow slows and the resting head is not significantly raised above the heart as it is during the day.
• U.S. Patent No. 7,288,263 discloses a method intended to reduce vascularization around the eyes using pheniramine salts as vasoconstrictors.
• U.S. Patent No. 6,607,735 discloses a method intended to diminish pooling of blood around the eyes by employing chemicals called alkanolamines. Understanding ⁇ , the use of harsh chemicals for treatments around the eyes is not welcomed by many consumers as the eye is sensitive to stinging and irritating chemicals. Accordingly, other patents disclose less harsh methods to control under eye color.
• 2009/0263435 discloses extracts containing natural xanthines, such as caffeine, to help minimize dark circles.
• U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0028826 discloses the use of bacterial extracts from thermal waters that is alleged to help improve dark circles under the eyes.
• the present invention comprises a topical composition for accelerating the degradation of bilirubin accumulated in the skin.
• the composition includes (a) an extract derived from the plants of the genus Strelitzia or Phenakospermum, (b) a preservative present at an amount sufficient to provide sterilizing or biostatic efficacy with respect to component (a); and (c) a dermatologically-acceptable vehicle.
• component (a) is present in an amount from about 0.05% to about 20%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, more preferable from about 0.1 % to about 5.0%
• component (b) is from about 0.001% to about 3.0%, preferably from about 0.01% to about 2.0%, more preferable from about 0.1% to about 1.0%
• component (c) is from about 75% to about 99.05%), preferably from about 80% to about 95%, more preferably from about 85% to about 90%.
• the present invention comprises a composition concentrate containing (a) an extract derived from the plants of the genus Strelitzia or Phenakospermum, (b) a preservative present at an amount sufficient to provide sterilizing or biostatic efficacy with respect to component (a), wherein the Non- Volatile Matter (NVM) of component (a) is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of the composition concentrate, with 0.01%) to 15%) being preferred, and 0.1% to 15.0% being more preferred, and component (b) is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 3% by weight of the composition concentrate, with 0.01% to about 2.0% being more preferred and 0.1% to about 1.0% being most preferred.
• NVM Non- Volatile Matter
• the present invention comprises a process for preparing the topical composition of the invention.
• the process includes contacting a plant extract derived from the plants of the genus Strelitzia or Phenakospermum with a preservative and a dermatologically-acceptable vehicle thereby making the topical composition.
• the present invention comprises a method for accelerating the degradation of bilirubin accumulated in the skin.
• the method includes contacting the skin with the topical composition of the invention.
• Figure 1 illustrates the effect of Strelitzia nicolai aril extract on bilirubin degradation. In particular, it shows the percentage of original bilirubin left during treatment with three different concentrations of Strelitzia nicolai aril extract. DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
• the extracts of the invention can be derived from any bilirubin-producing plant.
• the extracts are derived from plants of the genus Strelitzia or Phenako- spermum, preferably genus Strelitzia, most preferably from the plant Strelitzia nicolai, which is more commonly referred to as the White Bird of Paradise.
• the extracts can be derived from the whole plant, part of the plant, the seed of the plant, or cell culture of the plant.
• the extracts are derived from the seeds of the plant, more preferably the arils of the seeds of the plant.
• the extracts are taken from the arils of the seeds of the plant Strelitzia nicolai.
• Extracts of the present invention can be made by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
• the arils of the plant seeds from plants of the genus Strelitzia and Phenakospermum such as Strelitzia nicolai can be removed from the seeds and extracted using a variety of extraction techniques not limited to solvent, steam, liquid C0 2 and the like.
• a preferred method is includes solvent extraction using non-organic solvents such as, for example, water.
• the water may be buffered or modified by the addition of salts or surfactants to enhance the extraction process, but water is the essential solvent for extraction of the arils.
• the composition of the extract is complex, potentially containing any number of ingredients known to exist in the plant, plant seeds or plant arils.
• these may include biological components such as amino acid containing ingredients such as, for example, proteins, enzymes, cytokines and glycoproteins, or sugar-containing moieties such as, for example, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and the like.
• the extract may contain simple organic molecules such as, for example, isoprene-containing moieties, flavonoids and isoflavonoids, plant-derived acids and plant-derived bases and the like.
• Purification of individual actives from the plant extract can be accomplished using known purification methods such as chromatography, distillation, filtration and the like. However, removal or concentration of actives from the plant extract is not a requirement for the efficacy of the plant extract to accelerate bilirubin degradation.
• the process of bilirubin degradation demonstrated by extracts of the arils of plants of the genus Strelitzia and Phenakospermum can be measured by a method comprising the following steps: (a) dispersing or dissolving bilirubin in water; (b) adding measured amounts of the extract of the bilirubin-producing plant; and (c) measuring bilirubin degradation verses time using an analytical method sensitive to detecting bilirubin and its degradation by-products.
• the bilirubin degradation can be measured using either UV, IR, HPLC or other sensitive measuring analytical techniques.
• the preferred method is by chromatography of bilirubin in aqueous solution using UV-spectrophotometric detection to analyze the degradation of bilirubin and the accumulation of bilirubin byproducts.
• Dry basis solids content is measured by removing all volatile components from the extract in a thermal oven until the dried residues no longer change in weight. This is often referred to as Non- Volatile Matter (NVM).
• the composition of the aril extract can comprise a dry basis solids (NVM) content of 0.001-20%, preferably 0.01-15%, most preferably 0.1-15.0%.
• a preservative is added to the extract of the present invention to protect the extract against contamination by undesirable airborne microorganisms.
• a preservative is defined as an ingredient that renders the extract sterile or biostatic to undesirable microorganisms.
• Preservatives are well known to those skilled in the art and can include for example, alcohols, glycols, parabens, hydantoins, quaternary-nitrogen containing compounds, isothiazolinones, aldehyde-releasing compounds and halogenated compounds, and combinations thereof.
• a particularly effective preservative is phenoxyethanol.
• the present invention provides a composition concentrate comprising: (a) an extract derived from a bilirubin producing plant; (b) a preservative present in an amount sufficient to provide sterilizing and biostatic effect on component (a), wherein component (a) is present in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 20% by dry (NVM) weight of the composition, and component (b) is present in an amount of from 0.001%) to 3.0%, advantageously from about 0.01% to about 2.0%, more advantageously from about 0.1% to about 1.0% by weight of the total composition.
• the extract from the bilirubin-producing plant is selected from the genus Strelitzia or Phenakospermum.
• the extracts of the present invention are intended for topical or therapeutic applications on the skin of mammals, in particular humans, where there is concern for darkening of the skin due to accumulation of blood and blood degradation by-products.
• conditions such as bruising (ecchymosis) or dark circles under the eyes (periorbitalhyper- chromia), spider veins (telangiectasia) and port wine stains (naevusflammeus) are all conditions known to have excessive blood expression as a source for skin color changes.
• the extracts of the present invention can be applied to the skin in forms well known to those skilled in the art including, but not limited to, direct application of the extract onto the skin or as a composition in a more user-friendly form such as a cream, lotion, gel, serum, soap, stick, powder or the like.
• the composition can be applied as a leave-on product or as a product intended to be rinsed off the skin immediately after applications such as, for example, bodywashes, shampoos and the like.
• the efficacy of the product can be further enhanced by including the extract in delivery systems such as, for example, liposomes, niasomes, polymerisomes, dendrimerosomes and the like or through penetration enhancing mechanisms such as, for example, iontophoresis.
• delivery systems such as, for example, liposomes, niasomes, polymerisomes, dendrimerosomes and the like or through penetration enhancing mechanisms such as, for example, iontophoresis.
• Another effective form of delivery can be by way of patches or masks containing the extract that are left on the skin for an extended period of time.
• the extract may also be included in anhydrous systems by removal of the extraction solvent by any method known to those skilled in the art such as, for example, freeze drying, spray drying, belt drying and the like.
• the product in the anhydrous form, can be included in anhydrous gels, such as, for example, silicone gels or in anhydrous powders such as, for example, foundations and pressed powders.
• the extract can be used alone or in combination with other ingredients such as, for example, rheology modifiers, emulsifiers, emollients, feel-modifiers, solvents, preservatives and other actives.
• the extract could also form part of a fermentation media in which the active is either blended or added directly to a fermentation using living cells such as, for example, prokaryotes, eukaryotes, molds, fungi and the like.
• the invention relates to a topical composition for controlling bilirubin degradation.
• the composition is further intended to be able to diminish dark pigments of the human skin when applied topically.
• the topical composition comprises (a) an extract from a bilirubin-producing plant; (b) a preservative; and (c) a dermatologically-acceptable vehicle.
• the extract of the present invention can be used in a topical composition in a range from about 0.05-20.0%, more preferably in a range from about 0.1-10%, most preferably in a range from about 0.1-5.0% in the final composition intended for application on the skin.
• the preservative is present in an amount from about 0.001% to about 3.0%, preferably from about 0.01% to about 2.0%, more preferably, from about 0.1% to about 1.0%.
• the phrase "dermatologically-acceptable carrier”, as used herein, means that the carrier is suitable for topical application to the skin, has good aesthetic properties, is compatible with the actives of the present invention and any other components, and will not cause any safety or toxicity concerns.
• the carrier can be a wide variety of forms.
• emulsion carriers including, but not limited to, oil-in-water, water-in-oil, water-in-oil-in-water, oil-in-water-in-oil, and oil-in-water-in-silicone emulsions, are useful herein. These emulsions cover a broad range of viscosities, e.g., from about lOO mPa s to about 200,000 mPa s. These emulsions can be delivered in the form of sprays using either mechanical pump containers or pressurized aerosol containers using conventional propellants. These carriers can also be delivered in the form of a hair mousse.
• topical carriers include anhydrous liquid solvents such as oils, alcohols, and silicones (e.g., mineral oil, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, dimethicone, cyclo- methicone, and the like); aqueous-based single phase liquid solvents (e.g., hydro-alcoholic solvent systems); and thickened versions of these anhydrous and aqueous-based single phase solvents (e.g., where the viscosity of the solvent has been increased to form a solid or semi-solid by the addition of appropriate gums, resins, waxes, polymers, salts, and the like).
• topical carrier systems useful in the present invention are described in the following references: "Sun Products Formulary" Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol.
• the carriers can comprise from about 75% to about 99.05% by weight of the compositions of the present invention, preferably from about 80% to about 95%, and most preferably from about 85% to about 90%>.
• Preferred cosmetically and/or pharmaceutically acceptable topical carriers include hydro-alcoholic systems and oil-in-water emulsions.
• the carrier can comprise from about 0% to about 99% of ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof, and from about 1% to about 99% of water. More preferred is a carrier comprising from about 5% to about 60% of ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof, and from about 40% to about 95% of water.
• a carrier comprising from about 20% to about 50% of ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof, and from about 50% to about 80% of water.
• the carrier when the carrier is an oil-in-water emulsion, the carrier can include any of the common excipient ingredients for preparing these emulsions.
• suitable carriers are found in U.S. Patent No. 5,605,894, and U.S. Patent No. 5,681,852.
• the topical composition of the invention can optionally comprise additional functional ingredients such as, water, surfactants, emulsifiers, conditioners, emollients, waxes, oils, polymers, thickeners, fixatives, colorants, humectants, moisturizers, stabilizers, diluents, solvents and fragrances.
• the personal care composition may contain active ingredients such as botanicals, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, therapeutics, pharmaceuticals, antifungals, antimicrobials, steroidal hormones, antidandruff agents, anti-acne components, sunscreens, preservatives and the like.
• the topical composition of the invention can be made by contacting the extract from a bilirubin-producing plant, with a preservative and a dermatologically-acceptable vehicle.
• the topical composition of the invention can be applied to the skin by any applicable method.
• a 1%) aril solution was created by homogenizing 3 g of Strelitzia nicolai in 297 mL pH 7.0 water in an ice bath using a Silverson L4R homogenizer (Chesham Bucks, England) at a speed of 4000 mkf 1 for 10 minutes.
• the solution was further homogenized using a Niro Panda 2K (Bedford, NH, USA) by passing the solution four times through the Niro homogenizer at 100 MPa (1000 bar) pressure. After homogenization, the pH was brought up to 7.0 using a 0.1% NaOH solution.
• the homogenized solution was filtered sequentially through four Whatman filters: #41, #2, #6, and #5, respectively, which correspond to pore sizes of 25 ⁇ , 8 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , and 2.5 ⁇ . Finally, the solution was filtered through a 0.2 ⁇ ⁇ filter. The solution was then concentrated to remove water in order to achieve a final NVM of Strelitzia nicolai aril extract concentrate having approximately 13% extract concentrate solids.
• HPLC solutions were prepared as described in Spivak and Yuey, Biochem. J. (1986) 234 (101-109).
• HPLC solvent A 0.04 M sodium acetate in methanol was prepared by dissolving 3.282 g sodium acetate from Sigma Chemical Co (St. Louis, MO, USA) in 1000 mL methanol from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA).
• solvent B 1% ammonium acetate in water was prepared by adding 10 mL of glacial acetic acid from Fisher Scientific to 990 mL of distilled water and titrating to pH 4.5 with concentrated aqueous N3 ⁇ 4 from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium).
• HPLC peak areas from the samples were analyzed.
• percent of original bilirubin left in the sample was also determined.
• Strelitzia nicolai aril extract from Example 1 was formulated into an oil-in-water emulsion using the following formulation and process:
• Phase A Slowly add Phase A to Phase B with good mixing. Gradually increase agitation to high shear as mixture thickens. Continue agitation for 10 minutes.
• Disodium EDTA Disodium EDTA 0.10
• Example 1 The extract from Example 1 was encapsulated into a polymeric matrix using the techniques disclosed in Example 1 of U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0198682 Al .
• Example 1 The extract of Example 1 was formulated into an aqueous alcoholic tonic using the following formulation and process:
• Example 1 The Strelitzia nicolai aril extract of Example 1 was formulated into a body wash using the following formulation and process:
• Standapol ® WAQ-Special Standapol ® ES-2, Cerasynt ® IP, Cocamide MEA, Velvetex ® BA-35, and mix until uniform.
• the extract from Example 1 was included as part of a fermentation media containing the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
• a sample of the extract from Example 1 was placed into an aqueous mixture of Baker's Yeast growth media obtained from Red Star Yeast (Milwaukee, WI).
• the media was inoculated with an active Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast culture also obtained from Red Star and the mixture was allowed to ferment under controlled aerobic conditions to provide a Live Yeast Cell Derivative (LYCD) obtained using stress conditions as described in Example 1 of U.S. Patent No. 2,239,345.
• LYCD Live Yeast Cell Derivative
• a sub-micron emulsion concentrate is prepared that contains a Strelitzia nicolai aril extract as described in Example 1.
• Phase C In a side kettle, pre-mix Phase C and add to the batch when it reaches a temperature below 40 °C. Mix until cool to room temperature.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Dermatology (AREA)
• Cell Biology (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Botany (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Mycology (AREA)
• Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
• Biophysics (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Related Child Applications (1)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=47458981

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (10)

Citations (10)

Family Cites Families (10)

• 2012
  • 2012-12-19 US US13/720,402 patent/US20130164234A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2012-12-21 KR KR1020147020349A patent/KR20140107547A/ko not_active Ceased
  • 2012-12-21 JP JP2014548058A patent/JP6158219B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-12-21 EP EP12808397.9A patent/EP2822660B1/en not_active Not-in-force
  • 2012-12-21 WO PCT/EP2012/076589 patent/WO2013092973A2/en not_active Ceased
• 2015
  • 2015-03-17 US US14/660,043 patent/US10034830B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Patent Citations (10)

Non-Patent Citations (3)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events