WO2013086771A1 - 用于交通工具的具有自发电功能的缓速器 - Google Patents

用于交通工具的具有自发电功能的缓速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013086771A1
WO2013086771A1 PCT/CN2012/000788 CN2012000788W WO2013086771A1 WO 2013086771 A1 WO2013086771 A1 WO 2013086771A1 CN 2012000788 W CN2012000788 W CN 2012000788W WO 2013086771 A1 WO2013086771 A1 WO 2013086771A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
retarder
rotor
generator
self
stator
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Application number
PCT/CN2012/000788
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘增岗
Original Assignee
泰乐玛汽车制动系统(上海)有限公司
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Application filed by 泰乐玛汽车制动系统(上海)有限公司 filed Critical 泰乐玛汽车制动系统(上海)有限公司
Publication of WO2013086771A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013086771A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P15/00Arrangements for controlling dynamo-electric brakes or clutches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H02K49/02Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type
    • H02K49/04Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type of the eddy-current hysteresis type
    • H02K49/046Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type of the eddy-current hysteresis type with an axial airgap

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a component for an automobile, and more particularly to an eddy current retarder for a vehicle.
  • the eddy current retarder is an automotive auxiliary brake device.
  • the device is installed between the vehicle drive axle and the gearbox and achieves contactless braking by electromagnetic induction.
  • the eddy current retarder provides a strong braking torque over a wide range of speeds, resulting in safety hazards such as avoiding vehicle deviations, traditional brake failures and punctures, while reducing brake pad wear and extending brake pad life.
  • Customers bring economic benefits and are therefore widely used in motor vehicles, especially large vehicles.
  • Fig. 1 is a typical eddy current retarder in the prior art.
  • the eddy current retarder is composed of a rotor 1, a stator assembly 2, a rotor adjusting washer 3, and a support frame 4.
  • the stator assembly 2 is generally formed by arranging an even number of magnetic poles in a certain positional relationship. Each pole is made of a coil wound on a core.
  • the rotor 1 is connected to a drive shaft (not shown) via a rotor adjustment washer 3.
  • the support frame 4 is used to fix the stator assembly 2 and fix the eddy current retarder to other components inside the vehicle.
  • the rotor 1 rotates with the drive shaft. Since the coil is not energized at this time, the iron core has no magnetic field, so no braking torque is generated. If the coil passes the exciting current, several cores generate several magnetic fields and pass through the rotor. An electromagnetic circuit is formed to generate an eddy current in the rotor 1, and the current-carrying rotor 1 is subjected to a force in a magnetic field, and its acting direction is opposite to the rotation direction of the rotor 1, hindering the rotation of the rotor 1, thereby making the eddy current retarder Generate braking torque. The braking torque generated by the eddy current retarder can be adjusted by the excitation current control device.
  • the prior art eddy current retarder is powered by a battery or a generator.
  • the existing truck-configured generator usually has an output current of less than 100 amps and needs to be supplemented by the electric energy of the battery. Due to the limitation of the battery capacity, Excitation current through the coil is often insufficient to generate sufficient braking torque while affecting battery life. Therefore, the prior art eddy current retarder is limited by the shortage of excitation current, which affects the application of the eddy current retarder on large and heavy-duty vehicles.
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide a retarder having a self-generating function.
  • an automobile retarder having a self-generating function, characterized in that it comprises: a stator assembly, the stator assembly including at least one magnetic pole, The magnetic poles are all fixed on a support frame; a rotor, the rotor rotates relative to the stator assembly; a transition flange, the transition flange is fixed to the rotor; and at least one power generating device is located in the stator assembly.
  • the power generating device is coupled to the transition flange by a transmission.
  • the number of the magnetic poles is an even number, and the power generating device and the magnetic pole are distributed on the support frame along a single layer of the outer edge of the transition flange.
  • the stator of the power generating device is fixed to the support frame.
  • the transmission is a belt.
  • the transition flange includes a first side and a second side that are different in diameter, the first side being coupled to the transmission and the second side being coupled to the rotor.
  • the number of power generating devices is two, wherein the first power generating device is connected to the transition flange through a first transmission device, and the second power generating device is connected to the transition flange through a second transmission device.
  • the stator of the first second power generating device is fixed on the support frame, and the rotor of the first second power generating device rotates relative to the stator of the first second power generating device, and the first second power generating device and the magnetic pole edge
  • the outer edge of the transition flange is distributed on the support frame.
  • transition flange includes three sides, and the two side surfaces adjacent to each other have different diameters, and the first, second, and third sides are respectively connected to the first transmission, the second transmission, and the rotor. .
  • a plurality of blades are disposed on the rotor to enhance heat dissipation.
  • the invention also discloses a retarder for a vehicle, comprising: a retarder stator assembly, the retarder stator assembly comprising an even number of magnetic poles, the magnetic poles being fixed on a certain sub-disk; a rotor that rotates relative to the retarder stator assembly to generate a braking torque; a first generator and a second generator; the first and second generators are each fixed to the retarder On the stator disk of the stator assembly, the rotor of the first second generator is connected to a rotor pulley through a belt, and the rotor pulley is fixed to the retarder rotor.
  • first generator and the second generator are fixed to the stator disk by a bracket.
  • the first generator and the second generator are in close proximity to each other and are fixed to the stator disc by a "work" shaped bracket, and the "work" bracket is coupled to the stator disc by rivets or bolts and nuts.
  • first generator and the second generator are diagonally distributed, and the first and second generators are fixed to the stator disk by rivets or bolts and nuts via an "L" frame.
  • the rotor of the first second generator further includes a generator pulley, and the generator pulley of the first second generator is connected to the rotor pulley through a belt, the generator pulley and the rotor pulley Several anti-slip grooves are provided on the top.
  • the rotor pulley is fixed to a flange fixed to the retarder rotor, and the transmission shaft of the vehicle is coupled to the flange.
  • the rotor pulley and flange are fixed to the retarder rotor by bolts and nuts.
  • the retarder provided by the invention has a self-generating function, and converts the rotational torque of the transmission shaft into an excitation current of the retarder through the generator, and converts the excitation current into a braking torque, thereby avoiding
  • the prior art eddy current retarder is subjected to an exciting current Insufficient restrictions have affected the application of eddy current retarders in large and heavy-duty vehicles.
  • a rotor pulley and a belt are used to simultaneously drive the rotors of the two generators, so that the two generators can work synchronously at the same frequency, so that the currents input by the two generators are stabilized. Since both generators are mounted in the stator disk, no additional space is required.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a retarder shown in the prior art
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the retarder shown in the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a retarder according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the retarder shown in the present invention
  • FIG. Figure 6 is a schematic view of the transition flange of the retarder
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of the transition flange of the retarder shown in the present invention
  • Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a third embodiment of the retarder according to the present invention
  • Fig. 8 is a front view showing a third embodiment of the retarder according to the present invention
  • Fig. 9 is a slow speed according to the present invention.
  • a retarder having a self-generating function according to a specific embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • the present invention should be construed as being not limited to the embodiments described below, and the technical idea of the present invention can be implemented in combination with other known techniques or other techniques having the same functions as those known in the art.
  • the present invention has been described as a typical embodiment for use in an automobile, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited to automobiles and can be applied to various moving tools.
  • the moving tool referred to in the present invention includes all work for transporting people or objects from one place to another, such as cars, trains, subways, elevators, ropeways, and the like.
  • the present invention provides a vehicle retarder that is compact and has a self-generating function, and includes: a stator assembly, a transition flange, a rotor, and a power generating device.
  • the stator assembly includes an even number of magnetic poles, all of which are fixed to the support frame.
  • the transition flange is fixed to the drive shaft, and when the drive shaft rotates, the transition flange also rotates.
  • the rotor of the retarder is fixed to the transition flange, and when the drive shaft rotates, the rotor follows.
  • the rotor of the power plant is connected to the transition flange by a transmission. When the car is moving, the drive shaft drives the transition flange movement, the transition flange The transmission is driven to move, and the transmission drives the rotor of the power generating device to generate electric current.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the retarder shown in the present invention.
  • the transition flange 50 is fixed to the drive shaft (not shown) with no relative displacement therebetween.
  • the rotor 60 of the retarder is fixed to the transition flange 50.
  • the rotor 60 also rotates as the transition flange 50 rotates.
  • the stator of the retarder is fixed to the support frame 10.
  • the support frame 10 can be connected to a gearbox (not shown) of the automobile or to a chassis of the vehicle (not shown).
  • the support frame 10 mainly plays the role of fixing the retarder.
  • the stator 2 is composed of a stator core and a coil, wherein the coil 32 is mainly wound by a metal copper coil.
  • a generator 20 is placed on the same side as the stator on which the retarder is placed.
  • the stator of the generator 20 is fixed to the support frame 10, and the rotor 21 of the generator is connected to the transition flange 50 via a transmission (not shown).
  • the transmission device 22 transmits the mechanical power when the transition flange 50 is rotated to the generator rotor 21 to rotate the generator rotor 21, thereby achieving power generation.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of one embodiment of the retarder shown in the present invention.
  • the stator of the retarder used in the prior art contains an even number of magnetic poles. Generally, the number of magnetic poles is 6, 8, 10 or 12.
  • the magnetic poles in the prior art are usually distributed at the circular position centered on the drive shaft, and the positions of each magnetic pole to the drive shaft are substantially equal, which has the advantage of minimizing the area of the retarder and assembling the automobile. Provide more space available.
  • the automobile retarder with self-generating function provided by the invention has the generator designed at the position of the original magnetic pole, is located inside the entire retarder of the automobile, and keeps the original magnetic pole constant.
  • the advantage of this is that there is almost no need to increase the area of the retarder.
  • a generator 20 is placed on the same side as the stator on which the retarder is placed.
  • the stator of the generator 20 is fixed to the support frame 10.
  • the generator 20 and the magnetic Along the pole, a single layer along the outer edge of the transition flange 50 is distributed over the support frame 10.
  • the distribution position of the generator 20 and the magnetic pole is substantially circular.
  • the rotor 21 of the generator is coupled to the transition flange 50 by a belt 22.
  • the transition flange 50 When the transition flange moves with the drive shaft 40, the transition flange 50 simultaneously drives the belt 22 to rotate, thereby driving the rotor 21 of the generator to rotate.
  • a retarder rotor 60 is mounted on the transition flange 50 at the same time.
  • the stator of the generator 20 includes a core and a coil wound around the periphery of the core.
  • the rotor 60 of the retarder and the rotor 21 of the retarder generator rotate with the rotation of the drive shaft due to the rotation of the stator coil 32 of the retarder.
  • the stator coils of the generators in the speed generator are not energized, so the retarder and the retarder internal generator are not working.
  • the brake signal is present, the signal simultaneously energizes the stator coil 32 of the retarder and the stator coil of the retarder generator 20, so that the generator in the retarder generates power by the rotation of the transmission shaft 40, and sends the current to Stator coil 32 of the retarder.
  • the plurality of cores 31 of the stator of the retarder generate a plurality of magnetic fields, and a part of the magnetic flux passing through the core 31 is increased, and a part of the magnetic flux leaving the core 31 is reduced, so that an eddy current is generated in the rotor 60, and the carrier 60 is carried.
  • the force in the magnetic field acts in the opposite direction to the direction of rotation of the rotor 60, hindering the rotation of the rotor 60, thereby causing the eddy current retarder to generate a braking torque.
  • the generator 20 in the retarder stops working.
  • the present invention also provides another embodiment of the automotive retarder having a self-generating function.
  • 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the second embodiment of the retarder shown in the present invention.
  • two generators 20, 70 are placed on the same side as the stator on which the retarder is placed.
  • the eight magnetic poles in the first embodiment are reduced to six magnetic poles.
  • the stators of the generators 20, 70 are all fixed to the support frame 10.
  • the generators 20, 70, together with the magnetic poles, are distributed on the support frame 10 along a single layer of the outer edge of the transition flange 50.
  • the distribution positions of the generators 20, 70 and the magnetic poles are substantially circular.
  • the arms 21, 71 are connected to the transition flange 50 by belts 22, 72.
  • the transition flange 50 simultaneously drives the belts 22, 72 to rotate, thereby causing the rotor 21 of the generator to rotate.
  • the stators of the generators 20, 70 each include a core and a coil wound around the periphery of the core.
  • transition flange 50 is used to transmit the mechanical power of the drive shaft 40 to the rotor 60 of the retarder and the generator rotor 21.
  • a top view of the transition flange 50 is shown in Figure 6.
  • the drive shaft 40 is centrally located, and each side of the transition flange 50 forms a set of concentric circles.
  • the transition flange 50 includes three sides 53, 52 and 51, each of which is coupled to the belts 22, 72 of the generator and the retarder rotor 60, respectively.
  • the diameters of the three side faces 53, 52, and 51 are gradually decreased, but in the actual design process, as long as the diameters of the two adjacent sides are not equal. This has the advantage that the belts 22, 72 of the generator and the retarder rotor 60 do not affect each other.
  • the retarder rotor 60 is provided with a plurality of blades, and the blades are arranged in a clockwise or counterclockwise manner. When the rotor is running, the heat generated will dissipate as the blades move.
  • the present invention also provides a third embodiment in which the stator of this type of retarder is mounted to a vehicle gearbox.
  • the eddy current retarder stator is fixed to the gearbox or to the rear axle.
  • Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of the retarder according to the present invention.
  • the retarder includes a retarder stator 100 and a rotor 101.
  • the rotor 101 is fixed to the flange 102 by bolts and nuts.
  • the flange 102 is fixed to the drive shaft of the vehicle by bolts and nuts.
  • the mounting position of the vehicle drive shaft is at the center of the flange 106.
  • the stator 100 of this type of retarder is mounted to a vehicle gearbox (not shown).
  • the eddy current retarder stator is fixed to the gearbox or to the rear axle.
  • the flange 102 rotates, and similarly, the retarder rotor 101 fixed to the flange 102 rotates.
  • Two generators are provided on the retarder.
  • Fig. 8 is a front view of a third embodiment of the retarder according to the present invention.
  • the two generators 200 are placed adjacent to each other, and the two generators are identical in structure and size.
  • the generator 200 is fixed to the stator disk 105 together with the retarder stator 100.
  • Generator 200 includes a generator stator 202 and a generator rotor 201.
  • a generator pulley 203 is included on the generator rotor 201.
  • the outer side of the retarder flange 102 includes a rotor pulley 104.
  • the rotor pulley 104 and the generator pulley 203 are connected by a belt 205.
  • a plurality of V-shaped grooves are provided on the rotor pulley 104 and the generator pulley 203 to prevent slipping.
  • the first and second generators are fixed to the stator disk 105 by a generator mount 204.
  • the generator mount 204 is in the shape of a "work”.
  • the generator mount 204 and the stator disc 105 are coupled by rivets or bolts and nuts.
  • the third embodiment provides an embodiment in which an eddy current retarder is actually used in an automobile.
  • the rotors of the two generators located in the eddy current retarder are synchronized by a belt and a rotor pulley, so that the two generators can operate at the same frequency and stabilize the current input from the two generators.
  • Fig. 9 is a front view of a fourth embodiment of the retarder according to the present invention.
  • the two generators are arranged next to each other.
  • the contact area between the belt 205 and the pulleys of the two generators is less than 90 degrees, although a plurality of anti-slip V-types are provided on the pulley 203.
  • the present invention provides a fourth embodiment.
  • two generators 200 are placed diagonally, belt 205 Two or two parallel.
  • the generator mount 204 is in the shape of an "L".
  • the generator mount 204 and the stator disc 105 are coupled by rivets or bolts and nuts.
  • the retarder rotor 101 may be coupled to the drive shaft 106 via the flange 102 or may be coupled to the drive shaft 106 by means of a rolling bearing.
  • the effective contact area of the generator pulley 203 and the belt 205 is greatly increased to more than 150 degrees, effectively preventing the belt 205 from slipping.
  • the retarder with self-generating function provided by the invention can be applied to various moving tools, such as automobiles, trains, subways, elevators, ropeways, etc., and overcomes the use in large or very large scale. Defects in retarder braking torque due to insufficient current when on the vehicle.
  • the retarder with self-generating function provided by the invention can effectively convert the mechanical energy during the movement of the automobile into electric energy and supply the retarder, and provides a high-power braking torque for the retarder, thereby overcoming that the retarder cannot be used. Defects on large heavy-duty automotive equipment.
  • the retarder with self-generating function provided by the present invention is compact in comparison with the prior art, and can minimize the area of the retarder and provide more space for the assembly of the automobile.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有自发电功能的缓速器,包括:一定子总成(2),该定子总成(2)包括至少一磁极,该磁极均固定于一支撑架(4)上;一转子(1),该转子(1)相对该定子总成(2)转动;一过渡法兰(50),该过渡法兰(50)与转子(1)固定;至少一发电装置,该发电装置位于定子总成(2)内。本发明所提供的具有自发电功能的缓速器可以适用在多种移动工具上,克服了缓速器使用在大型或超大型交通工具上时,因电流不足导致的缓速器制动力矩不足的缺陷。

Description

用于交通工具的具有自发电功能的缓速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车用零部件,尤其涉及一种用于交通工具的电 涡流缓速器。
背景技术
电涡流缓速器是一种汽车辅助制动装置。该装置安装在汽车驱动 桥与变速箱之间,通过电磁感应原理实现无接触制动。 电涡流缓速器 能够在一个相当宽的转速范围内提供强劲的制动力矩,进而产生避免 车辆跑偏、 传统刹车失灵和爆胎等安全隐患, 同时减少刹车片磨损, 延长刹车片寿命, 为客户带来经济效益, 因此被广泛运用于机动车, 特别是大型机动车上。
如图 1中所示,图 1是现有技术中一种较为典型的电涡流缓速器。 该电涡流缓速器由转子 1、 定子总成 2、 转子调整垫片 3以及支撑架 4组成。定子总成 2包括通常由偶数个磁极按一定位置关系排列而成。 每个磁极均由线圈绕制在铁芯上制成。转子 1通过转子调整垫片 3与 传动轴 (图中未示出) 相连接。 支撑架 4用于固定定子总成 2, 并将 该电涡流缓速器与汽车内部其他部件相固定。
在汽车正常行驶时,转子 1随传动轴旋转,由于此时线圈不通电, 铁芯没有磁场, 故不产生制动力矩, 若线圈通激磁电流, 数个铁芯便 产生数个磁场,通过转子形成电磁回路,从而使转子 1中产生电涡流, 载流的转子 1在磁场中受到力的作用,其作用方向与转子 1的旋转方 向相反, 阻碍转子 1的转动, 从而使电涡流缓速器产生制动力矩。 电 涡流缓速器所产生的制动力矩, 可由激磁电流控制装置来调节。通过 线圈的激磁电流越大, 磁场越强, 制动力矩就越大。 因此电涡流缓速 器需要大功率供电以实现强大的制动力矩。 现有技术中的电涡流缓速器利用电瓶或发电机供电,现有的货车 配置的发电机,其输出电流通常低于 100安培, 需要借助于电瓶的电 能来补充, 由于电瓶容量的限制,通过线圈激磁电流往往不足以产生 足够的制动力矩, 同时对电瓶使用寿命带来影响。因此现有技术中的 电涡流缓速器受到激磁电流不足的限制, 影响了电涡流缓速器在大 型、 重型机动车上的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中存在的缺陷,本发明提供一种 具有自发电功能的缓速器。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明公开为了实现上述发明目的,本 发明公开一种具有自发电功能的汽车缓速器, 其特征在于, 包括: 一 定子总成,该定子总成包括至少一磁极,该磁极均固定于一支撑架上; 一转子, 该转子相对该定子总成转动; 一过渡法兰, 该过渡法兰与转 子固定; 至少一发电装置, 该发电装置位于定子总成内。
更进一步地, 该发电装置通过一传动装置与该过渡法兰连接。该 磁极的数量为偶数个,该发电装置与该磁极沿该过渡法兰的外缘单层 分布于该支撑架上。该发电装置的定子固定于该支撑架上。该传动装 置为一皮带。
更进一步地, 该过渡法兰包括直径不同的第一侧面和第二侧面, 该第一侧面与该传动装置连接, 该第二侧面与该转子连接。该发电装 置数量为两个,其中第一发电装置通过第一传动装置与该过渡法兰连 接,第二发电装置通过第二传动装置与该过渡法兰连接。该第一第二 发电装置的定子均固定于该支撑架上,该第一第二发电装置的转子相 对于该第一第二发电装置的定子旋转,该第一第二发电装置与该磁极 沿该过渡法兰的外缘单层分布于该支撑架上。 更进一步地,该过渡法兰包括三个侧面,且相互邻接的两个侧面 直径不相同, 该第一、第二、 第三侧面分别与该第一传动装置、 第二 传动装置和该转子连接。 该转子上设置若干风叶以增强散热。
本发明同时公开一种用于交通工具的缓速器,包括: 一缓速器定 子总成, 该缓速器定子总成包括偶数个磁极, 该磁极均固定于一定子 盘上; 一缓速器转子, 该缓速器转子相对于该缓速器定子总成旋转, 用以产生一制动力矩; 第一发电机和第二发电机; 该第一第二发电机 均固定于该缓速器定子总成的定子盘上,该第一第二发电机的转子均 通过一皮带与一转子皮带轮连接, 该转子皮带轮与该缓速器转子固 定。
更进一步地,该第一发电机和第二发电机通过一支架与定子盘固 定。 该第一发电机和第二发电机紧邻, 且通过一"工"字形架固定于 该定子盘上, "工"字形架与定子盘通过铆钉或螺栓螺母联接。
更进一步地, 该第一发电机和第二发电机呈对角线分布, 该第一 第二发电机通过一 "L"型架通过铆钉或螺栓螺母联接固定于该定子 盘上。
更进一步地, 该第一第二发电机的转子上还包括一发电机皮带 轮,该第一第二发电机的发电机皮带轮均通过一皮带与该转子皮带轮 连接, 该发电机皮带轮与该转子皮带轮上均设置若干防滑槽。
更进一步地,该转子皮带轮固定于一法兰上,该法兰与该缓速器 转子固定, 该交通工具的传动轴与该法兰连接。转子皮带轮及法兰与 该缓速器转子通过螺栓螺母固定。
现有技术相比较,本发明所提供的缓速器具有自发电功能, 将传 动轴的转动力矩通过发电机转换为缓速器的激励电流,并将该激励电 流转换为制动力矩,避免了现有技术中的电涡流缓速器受到激磁电流 不足的限制, 影响了电涡流缓速器在大型、 重型机动车上的应用。 同 时该实施方式中利用一个转子皮带轮和一个皮带同时带动两个发电 机的转子连接, 使两个发电机可以同步同频率工作, 使两个发电机输 入的电流稳定。 由于两个发电机均安装于定子盘内, 因此不需要增加 额外空间。
附图说明
图 1是现有技术所示出的缓速器的结构示意图;
图 2是本发明所示出的缓速器的剖面图;
图 3是本发明所示出的缓速器的第一实施方式的结构示意图; 图 4是本发明所示出的缓速器的第二实施方式的结构示意图; 图 5是本发明所示出的缓速器的过渡法兰的结构示意图; 图 6是本发明所示出的缓速器的过渡法兰的俯视图;
图 7是本发明所涉及的缓速器的第三实施方式的剖面图; 图 8是本发明所涉及的缓速器的第三实施方式的主视图; 图 9是本发明所涉及的缓速器的第四实施方式的主视图。 主要图示说明
1-转子 2-定子总成
3-转子调整垫片 4-支撑架
10、 105-定子盘 22-传动装置
31-铁芯 32 -线圈
50-过渡法兰 51、 52、 53-过渡法兰 15
100-缓速器定子 60、 101-缓速器转子
102-法兰 40、 106-传动轴安装位置
103-传动带 104-转子皮带轮 20、 200-发电机 21、 201-发电机转子
202-发电机定子 203-发电机皮带轮
204-发电机固定架 205-皮带 最佳实施例
下面结合附图详细说明本发明的一种具体实施例的具有自发电 功能的缓速器。然而,应当将本发明理解成并不局限于以下描述的这 种实施方式,并且本发明的技术理念可以与其他公知技术或功能与那 些公知技术相同的其他技术组合实施。
在以下描述中, 为了清楚展示本发明的结构及工作方式,将借助 诸多方向性词语进行描述, 但是应当将 "前"、 "后"、 "左"、 "右"、 "外"、 "内"、 "向外"、 "向内"、 "轴向"、 "径向"等词语理解为方便 用语,而不应当理解为限定性词语。此外,在以下描述中所使用的"内 侧"一词主要指靠近传动轴的一侧; "外侧"一词主要指远离传动轴 的一测。本发明以使用在汽车上为典型的实施例介绍,但是本领域的 普通技术人员应当知道, 本发明所使用的范围, 不限于汽车, 可以用 于各种移动工具上。本发明所指的移动工具包括一切将人或物体从一 个地方运送到另一个地方的工作, 如汽车、 火车、 地铁、 电梯、 索道 等等。
本发明提供一种结构紧凑且具有自发电功能的汽车缓速器, 包 括: 定子总成、 过渡法兰、 转子和发电装置。 其中该定子总成包括偶 数个磁极,所有的磁极均固定于在支撑架上。过渡法兰与传动轴固定, 当传动轴转动时,过渡法兰也随之转动。该缓速器的转子与过渡法兰 固定, 当传动轴转动时, 转子随动。发电装置的转子通过一传动装置 与过渡法兰连接。汽车运动时, 传动轴带动过渡法兰运动, 过渡法兰 驱动该传动装置运动, 传动装置带动发电装置的转子运动以产生电 流。
图 2是本发明所示出的缓速器的剖面图,如图 2中所示,过渡法 兰 50与传动轴(图中未示出)相固定, 彼此之间没有相对位移产生。 缓速器的转子 60与过渡法兰 50固定。 当过渡法兰 50转动时转子 60 也随之发生转动。缓速器的定子被固定于支撑架 10上.通常而言, 该 支撑架 10可以与汽车的变速箱 (图中未示出) 连接, 也可以安装于 车辆的底盘 (图中未示出) 上, 支撑架 10主要起着固定该缓速器的 作用。 定子 2由定子铁芯和线圈组成, 其中线圈 32主要由金属铜线 圈绕制而成。 在该支撑架 10上, 与放置缓速器的定子的同一侧放置 一发电机 20。 该发电机 20的定子与该支撑架 10固定, 发电机的转 子 21通过一传动装置(图中未示出)与过渡法兰 50连接。 该传动装 置 22将过渡法兰 50转动时的机械动力传送给发电机转子 21, 使发 电机转子 21转动, 从而实现发电的目的。
图 3是本发明所示出的缓速器的实施方式之一的结构示意图。现 有技术中所使用的缓速器的定子包含偶数个磁极, 通常而言, 磁极的 数目为 6、 8、 10或 12个。现有技术中的磁极通常分布在以传动轴为 圆心的圆环位置处, 每个磁极到传动轴的位置大致相等, 这样做的好 处是能最大限度地减少缓速器的面积,为汽车装配时提供更多的可利 用空间。
本发明所提供的具有自发电功能的汽车缓速器,将发电机设计在 原来磁极的位置上,位于整个汽车缓速器内部, 并保持原有磁极数量 的不变。 这样做的优点在于, 几乎不需要增加缓速器的面积。 如图 3 中所示, 在该支撑架 10上, 与放置缓速器的定子的同一侧放置一发 电机 20。 该发电机 20的定子与该支撑架 10固定。 该发电机 20与磁 极一起, 沿过渡法兰 50的外缘单层分布于支撑架 10上。 发电机 20 与磁极的分布位置大致呈一圆形。 该发电机的转子 21通过一皮带 22 与过渡法兰 50连接。 当过渡法兰随传动轴 40运动时, 过渡法兰 50 同时带动皮带 22转动, 从而带动发电机的转子 21转动。该过渡法兰 50上同时安装一缓速器转子 60。发电机 20的定子内包括铁芯和绕制 于铁芯外围的线圈。
安装该具有自发电功能的缓速器的汽车在正常运动时,缓速器的 转子 60和缓速器内发电机的转子 21均随传动轴的转动而转动,由于 缓速器的定子线圈 32和缓速器内发电机的定子线圈均未通电, 因此 该缓速器和缓速器内发电机均不工作。当出现刹车信号时, 该信号同 时使缓速器的定子线圈 32和缓速器内发电机 20的定子线圈通电,因 此缓速器内发电机的利用传动轴 40的转动发电, 并将电流送至缓速 器的定子线圈 32。 缓速器的定子的数个铁芯 31便产生数个磁场, 通 过铁芯 31的部分磁通量增加, 离开铁芯 31的部分磁通量减少, 从而 使转子 60中产生电涡流, 载流的转子 60在磁场中受到力的作用, 其 作用方向与转子 60的旋转方向相反, 阻碍转子 60的转动, 从而使电 涡流缓速器产生制动力矩。 当汽车停止转动时, 缓速器内发电机 20 停止工作。
本发明还提供该具有自发电功能的汽车缓速器的另一实施方式。 图 4是本发明所示出的缓速器的实施方式之二的结构示意图。 如图 4 中所示, 在该支撑架 10上, 与放置缓速器的定子的同一侧放置两个 发电机 20、 70。 为了不增加该缓速器的面积, 将实施例一中的 8个 磁极减少为 6个磁极。 发电机 20、 70的定子均与支撑架 10固定。 发 电机 20、 70与磁极一起, 沿过渡法兰 50的外缘单层分布于支撑架 10上。 发电机 20、 70与磁极的分布位置大致呈一圆形。 发电机的转 子 21、 71通过皮带 22、 72与过渡法兰 50连接。 当过渡法兰随传动 轴 40运动时, 过渡法兰 50同时带动皮带 22、 72转动, 从而带动发 电机的转子 21转动。发电机 20、 70的定子内均包括铁芯和绕制于铁 芯外围的线圈。
该过渡法兰 50的具体结构请参见图 5。过渡法兰 50用于将传动 轴 40的机械动力传送至缓速器的转子 60和发电机转子 21。 过渡法 兰 50的俯视图如图 6中所示。 传动轴 40位于中心位置, 过渡法兰 50的各个侧面构成一组同心圆。 在本实施方式中, 过渡法兰 50包括 三个侧面 53、 52和 51, 其中每个侧面分别与发电机的皮带 22、 72 和缓速器转子 60连接。 在本实施方式中, 为了清楚地示意该过渡法 兰 50, 使三个侧面 53、 52和 51的直径逐渐递减, 但在实际设计过 程中,只要满足紧邻的两侧面的直径不相等即可。这样做的优点在于, 发电机的皮带 22、 72和缓速器转子 60相互之间各不影响。
由于电涡流缓速器的原理为将机械能转化为热能,因此在本实施 方式中, 缓速器转子 60上设置有若干风叶, 风叶沿顺时针或逆时针 方式排列。 当该转子运转时, 产生的热能会随风叶的运转散发。
本发明同时提供第三种实施方式,在该实施方式中, 该类型的缓 速器的定子安装于车辆变速箱上。该电涡流缓速器定子与变速箱固定 或后桥固定。 图 7 是本发明所涉及的缓速器的第一实施方式的剖面 图。 如图 7中所示, 该缓速器包括缓速器定子 100和转子 101。 在第 一实施方式中,转子 101通过螺栓螺母与法兰 102固定。法兰 102通 过螺栓螺母与车辆的传动轴相固定。如图 7中所示, 车辆传动轴的安 装位置为法兰的中心位置处 106。 在第三实施方式中, 该类型的缓速 器的定子 100安装于车辆变速箱上 (图中未示出)。 该电涡流缓速器 定子与变速箱固定或后桥固定。当传动轴旋转时, 与该传动轴相固定 的法兰 102旋转,同样地,与法兰 102相固定的缓速器转子 101旋转。 在该缓速器上设置有两个发电机。如图 8中所示, 图 8是本发明 所涉及的缓速器的第三实施方式的主视图。 两个发电机 200 相邻放 置, 两个发电机的结构和大小均一致。 发电机 200与缓速器定子 100 一起固定于定子盘 105之上。发电机 200包括发电机定子 202和发电 机转子 201。 发电机转子 201上包括一发电机皮带轮 203。 该缓速器 法兰 102的外侧包括一转子皮带轮 104。 转子皮带轮 104与发电机皮 带轮 203之间通过一皮带 205连接。 当法兰 106带动转子皮带轮 104 旋转时,两个发电机的发电机皮带轮 203也随之旋转, 从而带动发电 机转子 201旋转。为了增强皮带 205的摩擦力,防止高速转动时打滑, 转子皮带轮 104与发电机皮带轮 203上都设置若干 V型凹槽以防滑。 该第一发电机和第二发电机通过一发电机固定架 204与定子盘 105固 定。 如图 8中可见, 该发电机固定架 204呈一 "工"字型。 发电机固 定架 204与定子盘 105之间通过铆钉或螺栓螺母联接。
与第一、第二实施方式比较,第三实施方式提供了一种将电涡流 缓速器实际用于汽车的实施方式。位于电涡流缓速器内的两个发电机 的转子被一个皮带和转子皮带轮带动同步运动,使两个发电机可以同 步同频率工作, 使两个发电机输入的电流稳定。
为了进一步说明本发明, 以下将提供第四种实施方式。如图 9所 示, 图 9是本发明所涉及的缓速器的第四实施方式的主视图。在第三 种实施方式中, 两个发电机并排紧邻, 在该技术方案实施过程中, 由 于皮带 205与两个发电机的皮带轮的接触面积小于 90度, 虽然在皮 带轮 203上设置若干防滑 V型凹槽, 但是一旦传动轴 106高速运转, 还是会出现皮带 205打滑的情况。针对此问题, 本发明提供第四种实 施方式。 在该实施方式中, 两个发电机 200呈对角线放置, 皮带 205 两两平行。 如图 9中可见, 该发电机固定架 204呈一 " L"字型。 发 电机固定架 204与定子盘 105之间通过铆钉或螺栓螺母联接。在该实 施方式中, 缓速器转子 101既可以通过法兰 102与传动轴 106连接, 也可以通过滚动轴承的方式与传动轴 106连接。与第三实施方式相比 较, 发电机皮带轮 203与皮带 205的有效接触面积大大增加, 大于 150度, 有效地防止了皮带 205打滑的情况发生。
本说明书中所述的只是本发明的较佳具体实施例,以上实施例仅 用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明的限制。凡本领域技术人员 依本发明的构思通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术 方案, 皆应在本发明的范围之内。 工业实用性
与现有技术相比较, 本发明所提供的具有自发电功能的缓速器可 以适用在多种移动工具上, 如汽车、 火车、 地铁、 电梯、 索道等等, 克服了使用在大型或超大型交通工具上时,因电流不足导致的缓速器 制动力矩不足的缺陷。本发明所提供的具有自发电功能的缓速器能有 效将汽车运动时的机械能转化为电能并供给缓速器,为缓速器提供大 功率的制动力矩,克服了缓速器不能使用在大型重型汽车设备上的缺 陷。与此同时,本发明所提供的具有自发电功能的缓速器与现有技术 相比较, 结构紧凑, 能最大限度地减少缓速器的面积, 为汽车装配时 提供更多的可利用空间。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种具有自发电功能的缓速器, 其特征在于, 包括- 一定子总成,所述定子总成包括至少一磁极,所述磁极均固定 于一支撑架上;
一转子, 所述转子相对所述定子总成转动;
一过渡法兰, 所述过渡法兰与转子固定;
至少一发电装置, 所述发电装置位于定子总成内。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的具有自发电功能的缓速器, 其特征在于, 所述发电装置通过一传动装置与所述过渡法兰连接。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的具有自发电功能的缓速器, 其特征在于, 所述磁极的数量为偶数个,所述发电装置与所述磁极沿所述过 渡法兰的外缘单层分布于所述支撑架上。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的具有自发电功能的缓速器, 其特征在于, 所述发电装置的定子固定于所述支撑架上。
5、 如权利要求 2所述的具有自发电功能的缓速器, 其特征在于, 所述传动装置为一皮带。
6、 如权利要求 2所述的具有自发电功能的缓速器, 其特征在于, 所述过渡法兰包括直径不同的第一侧面和第二侧面,所述第一 侧面与所述传动装置连接, 所述第二侧面与所述转子连接。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的具有自发电功能的缓速器, 其特征在于, 所述发电装置数量为两个,其中第一发电装置通过第一传动装 置与所述过渡法兰连接,第二发电装置通过第二传动装置与所 述过渡法兰连接。
、 如权利要求 7所述的具有自发电功能的缓速器, 其特征在于, 所述第一第二发电装置的定子均固定于所述支撑架上,所述第 一第二发电装置的转子相对于所述第一第二发电装置的定子 旋转,所述第一第二发电装置与所述磁极沿所述过渡法兰的外 缘单层分布于所述支撑架上。
、 如权利要求 7所述的具有自发电功能的缓速器, 其特征在于, 所述过渡法兰包括三个侧面,且相互邻接的两个侧面直径不相 同, 所述第一、第二、第三侧面分别与所述第一传动装置、 第 二传动装置和所述转子连接。
0、 如权利要求 1所述的具有自发电功能的缓速器, 其特征在于, 所述转子上设置若干风叶以增强散热。
1、 一种用于交通工具的具有自发电功能的缓速器, 其特征在于, 包括:
一缓速器定子总成,所述缓速器定子总成包括偶数个磁极,所 述磁极均固定于一定子盘上;
一缓速器转子,所述缓速器转子相对于所述缓速器定子总成旋 转, 用以产生一制动力矩;
第一发电机和第二发电机;
所述第一第二发电机均固定于所述缓速器定子总成的定子盘 上, 所述第一第二发电机的转子均通过一皮带与一转子皮带轮连 接, 所述转子皮带轮与所述缓速器转子固定。 、 如权利要求 11所述的缓速器, 其特征在于, 所述第一发电机 和第二发电机通过一支架固定于所述定子盘上。
、 如权利要求 12所述的缓速器, 其特征在于, 所述第一发电机 和第二发电机紧邻。
、 如权利要求 13所述的缓速器,其特征在于,所述支架为一 "工" 字形架, 所述支架与所述定子盘通过铆钉或螺栓螺母联接。 、 如权利要求 12所述的缓速器, 其特征在于, 所述第一发电机 和第二发电机呈对角线分布。
、 如权利要求 15所述的缓速器,其特征在于,所述支架为一 "L" 字形架, 所述支架与所述定子盘通过铆钉或螺栓螺母联接。 、 如权利要求 11所述的缓速器, 其特征在于, 所述第一第二发 电机的转子上还包括一发电机皮带轮,所述第一第二发电机的 发电机皮带轮均通过所述皮带与所述转子皮带轮连接,所述发 电机皮带轮与所述转子皮带轮上均设置若干防滑 V型槽。 、 如权利要求 11所述的缓速器, 其特征在于, 所述转子皮带轮 固定于一法兰上, 所述法兰与所述缓速器转子固定。
、 如权利要求 18所述的缓速器, 其特征在于, 所述交通工具的 传动轴与所述法兰连接。
、 如权利要求 18所述的缓速器, 其特征在于, 所述转子皮带轮 及法兰与所述缓速器转子通过螺栓螺母固定。
PCT/CN2012/000788 2011-12-13 2012-06-08 用于交通工具的具有自发电功能的缓速器 WO2013086771A1 (zh)

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