WO2013080264A1 - 有機elパネルとその製造方法 - Google Patents
有機elパネルとその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013080264A1 WO2013080264A1 PCT/JP2011/006777 JP2011006777W WO2013080264A1 WO 2013080264 A1 WO2013080264 A1 WO 2013080264A1 JP 2011006777 W JP2011006777 W JP 2011006777W WO 2013080264 A1 WO2013080264 A1 WO 2013080264A1
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- organic
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- bank
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
- H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
- H10K59/122—Pixel-defining structures or layers, e.g. banks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/18—Carrier blocking layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic EL panel and a method for manufacturing the same, and particularly to a technique for forming an organic light emitting layer satisfactorily by a wet process.
- the organic EL element is a current-driven light-emitting element and has a configuration in which a functional layer containing an organic material is provided between a pair of electrodes including an anode and a cathode.
- the functional layer includes a buffer layer and the like in addition to the organic light emitting layer.
- a hole injection layer for injecting holes may be disposed between the functional layer and the anode.
- For driving a voltage is applied between the electrode pair, and an electroluminescence phenomenon generated by recombination of holes injected from the anode into the functional layer and electrons injected from the cathode into the functional layer is used. Since it is self-luminous, its visibility is high, and since it is a complete solid element, it has excellent impact resistance. Therefore, its use as a light-emitting element and a light source in various display devices has attracted attention.
- Organic EL elements are roughly classified into two types depending on the type of functional layer material used.
- the first is a vapor deposition type organic EL element in which an organic low molecular weight material is mainly used as a functional layer material and is formed by a vacuum process such as a vapor deposition method.
- partition walls are formed using an insulating material.
- a bank is formed by uniformly forming an insulating material layer on the substrate surface and removing unnecessary portions by etching.
- bank residue remains in the light emitting region, which causes a problem of reducing luminous efficiency and life.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of the bank residue (denoted as BNK residue) at this time.
- a parasitic capacitance film is formed in the residue attached to the surface of the hole injection layer (HIL).
- the electrons that should cause carrier recombination in the vicinity of the interface between the organic light emitting layer and the other functional layer (IL) enter the IL and increase the electron current density of the IL.
- the IL deteriorates and causes a reduction in the life of the entire organic EL panel.
- a method for removing the bank residue As a method for removing the bank residue, a method is considered in which a bank is formed after a release layer is formed on the substrate side, and then the release layer is peeled off to remove the bank residue.
- the number of processes increases, yield is not excellent, and production costs can increase.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and can prevent problems caused by unnecessary bank residues at a relatively low cost, and can be expected to have excellent light emission characteristics and good long life. And its manufacturing method.
- an embodiment of the present invention includes a substrate, a plurality of first electrodes disposed along a first direction and a second direction intersecting each other above the substrate, Above the first electrode, each organic light emitting layer formed including an organic light emitting material, a partition provided to partition each organic light emitting layer individually or in groups, and over each organic light emitting layer A plurality of partition wall residues between the first electrode and the organic light emitting layer, and the direction of each partition wall residue when the substrate surface is viewed in plan view
- the organic EL panel has a diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the organic EL panel which is one embodiment of the present invention is based on this finding, and when the surface of the substrate is viewed in plan, the diameter in either direction of each bank residue is adjusted to 0.2 ⁇ m or less. ing.
- the bank residue existing above the first electrode acts as a parasitic capacitance film during driving, the amount of accumulated electrons can be effectively reduced. For this reason, luminous efficiency can be maintained.
- the organic EL panel can have excellent light emission characteristics and long life.
- the organic EL panel according to one embodiment of the present invention does not need to completely remove the partition wall residue, only suppresses the area below a certain level, and can be realized at a relatively low cost. Are better.
- the water repellency on the partition surface is not lost.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration around an organic EL element 100R in the organic EL panel 1 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a partial front view of the organic EL panel 1.
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the mode of the bank residue when the organic electroluminescent panel 1 is planarly viewed. It is a figure for demonstrating the influence which it has on the flow of a carrier of a bank residue.
- It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of an organic electroluminescent panel. It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of an organic electroluminescent panel. It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of an organic electroluminescent panel. It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of an organic electroluminescent panel. It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of an organic electroluminescent panel.
- FIG. 1 It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of an organic electroluminescent panel. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the structure of the organic EL element 101R periphery in the organic EL panel 1A of this Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the organic electroluminescent panel 1B which concerns on Embodiment 3.
- FIG. It is a one-dimensional measurement result which shows distribution of the electron current density of an organic EL element (R). It is a one-dimensional measurement result which shows distribution of the electron current density of an organic EL element (G). It is a one-dimensional measurement result which shows distribution of the electron current density of an organic EL element (B). It is a graph which shows the relationship between the bank residue width and the electron current density of the residue region.
- An organic EL panel includes a substrate, a plurality of first electrodes disposed above the substrate along a first direction and a second direction intersecting each other, and the first electrodes.
- each organic light emitting layer formed including an organic light emitting material, a partition provided so as to partition each organic light emitting layer individually or in groups, and formed above each organic light emitting layer
- a plurality of partition wall residues are present between the first electrode and the organic light emitting layer, and a diameter in any direction of each partition wall residue when the substrate surface is viewed in plan view
- the configuration is 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the area of each partition wall residue when the substrate surface is viewed in plan can be at least 0.4 ⁇ m 2 or less.
- the area of the partition wall residue may be 0.04 ⁇ m 2 or less.
- a hole injection layer may be provided between the first electrode and the organic light emitting layer, and the partition residue may be present on the surface of the hole injection layer.
- the partition residue may be present on the surface of the first electrode.
- a hole injection layer may be provided between the first electrode and the organic light emitting layer, and the hole injection layer may be stacked on the partition residue.
- a buffer layer may be provided between the first electrode and the organic light emitting layer, and the buffer layer may be laminated on the partition residue.
- the first, second, and third organic light emitting layers having different emission colors from each other in a state adjacent to the second direction are repeatedly formed above the first electrodes.
- the barrier rib residue existing under the organic light emitting layer having the highest electron mobility may have the smallest diameter.
- the organic light emitting layer having the highest electron mobility may be configured to be blue.
- a plurality of first electrodes are formed along a first direction and a second direction intersecting each other above a step of preparing a substrate and above the substrate.
- a step of forming a second electrode having a polarity different from that of the first electrode above the layer and the partition existing above the first electrode after the partition formation step and before the organic light emitting layer formation step
- the residue is subjected to a partition residue treatment step of reducing the diameter in any direction of each partition residue to 0.2 ⁇ m or less by irradiating the residue with ultraviolet rays.
- the area of the partition residue when the substrate surface is viewed in plan can be further reduced to at least 0.4 ⁇ m 2 or less.
- the area of the partition residue when the substrate surface is viewed in plan can be reduced to 0.04 ⁇ m 2 or less.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration around a red light emitting organic EL element 100R in the organic EL panel 1 of the first embodiment.
- the organic EL element 100R includes a positive electrode 2 (first layer) in a state in which a hole injection layer 4A and various functional layers (here, buffer layer 6A and organic light emitting layer 6B) including an organic material having a predetermined function are stacked on each other. 1 electrode) and a cathode 8 (second electrode).
- a positive electrode 2 first layer
- various functional layers here, buffer layer 6A and organic light emitting layer 6B
- second electrode second electrode
- the green light emitting organic EL element 100G and the blue light emitting organic EL element 100B are configured to have the same stacked structure, and the banks 5 are arranged in the same order. It is repeatedly arranged in the X direction across the line.
- each of the organic EL elements 100R, 100G, and 100B has an anode 2, a transparent electrode film 3, a hole injection layer 4A,
- the buffer layer 6A, the organic light emitting layer 6B, and the cathode 8 (barium layer 8A and aluminum layer 8B) are laminated in the same order.
- a power source DC (not shown) is connected to the anode 2 and the cathode 8, and power is supplied to the organic EL elements 100R, 100G, and 100B from the outside.
- the substrate 10 is a portion serving as a base material for the organic EL panel 1 and the organic EL element 100.
- non-alkali glass soda glass, non-fluorescent glass, phosphoric acid glass, boric acid glass, quartz, acrylic resin, styrene resin. It can be formed of any of insulating materials such as resin, polycarbonate resin, epoxy resin, polyethylene, polyester, silicon resin, and alumina.
- a TFT thin film transistor
- the anode 2 supplies power to the light emitting layer side, and as a reflective metal film using a metal material (aluminum or aluminum alloy) having a good visible light reflectance so that the light generated in the light emitting layer can be efficiently extracted from above. Composed.
- aluminum alloy here refers to an alloy obtained by adding at least one of iron, copper, manganese, zinc, nickel, magnesium, palladium, cobalt, and neodymium to aluminum.
- the transparent conductive film 3 is made of a known transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO, covers the anode 2 and shields it from oxygen in the atmosphere, etc., and the reflectance and conductivity of the anode 2 are reduced by forming an unnecessary film. It is provided to prevent this.
- the transparent electrode film 3 is formed in order to obtain good bonding between the layers.
- the transparent electrode film 3 can be omitted because the bondability between the layers is good.
- the hole injection layer 4A is a layer that efficiently injects holes into the organic light emitting layer 6B side, and is formed of a metal oxide such as molybdenum oxide or molybdenum-tungsten oxide, but is not limited thereto.
- the bank (partition wall) 5 is made of an insulating organic material (for example, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, novolac type phenol resin, etc.) and is formed so that at least the surface has water repellency.
- the bank 5 in order to make the bank 5 have a line bank structure, the bank 5 has a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape in the width (X) direction, and extends in a line shape in the Y direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface). In the panel 100, a plurality of banks 5 are arranged in parallel at a constant pitch in the width (X) direction.
- the buffer layer 6A is made of TFB (poly (9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt- (1,4-phenylene-((4-sec-butylphenyl) imino)-), which is an amine organic polymer having a thickness of 20 nm.
- TFB poly (9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt- (1,4-phenylene-((4-sec-butylphenyl) imino)-
- the buffer layer is exemplified as an example of the IL layer.
- buffer layer 6A may be omitted, and the organic light emitting layer 6B may be laminated directly on the hole injection layer 4A.
- the buffer layer may also serve as an electron blocking layer that prevents electrons from entering the hole injection layer side.
- Organic light emitting layer 6B is made of an organic light emitting material and has a thickness of about 70 nm so as to correspond to any one of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) emission colors.
- the material is composed of F8BT (poly (9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole)), which is an organic polymer, but is not limited thereto.
- the electron transport layer 7 has a function of efficiently transporting electrons injected from the cathode 8 to the light emitting layer 5 side.
- the electron transport layer 7 is an organic compound layer, for example, and is composed of two different organic substances (a first organic substance as an electron transport material (host) and a second organic substance as an n-type dopant). ing.
- the cathode 8 is made of, for example, ITO (indium tin oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide), or the like. Since the panel 100 has a top emission structure, it is necessary to use a light transmissive material as the material of the cathode 8.
- the sealing layer 9 is formed of, for example, a material such as SiN (silicon nitride) or SiON (silicon oxynitride), and is used to suppress the light emitting layer 6 from being deteriorated by contact with moisture or air.
- the sealing layer 9 is also preferably made of a light transmissive material when the organic EL element is a top emission type.
- the organic EL elements 100R, 100G, and 100B having the above configuration are partitioned into banks 5 having a line bank structure with the Y direction as the longitudinal direction, as shown in the partial front view of FIG. It is repeatedly formed in the X direction.
- each of the organic EL elements 100R, 100G, and 100B functions as a sub-pixel, and one pixel (pixel) includes a series of three organic EL elements 100R, 100G, and 100B corresponding to adjacent RGB colors. Is configured. Thereby, full color display is realized.
- FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the surface of the hole injection layer 4A is viewed in plan.
- one or more bank residues generated when the bank 5 is patterned remain on the surface of the exposed constituent layer of the organic EL element.
- the bank residue 11A remains on the surface of the hole injection layer 4A in a mesh shape, but in addition, one or more bank residues 11A are scattered in an island shape as shown in FIG. In some cases.
- the bank residue 11A existing at the interface between the transparent conductive film 3 and the hole injection layer 4A acts as a so-called parasitic capacitance film (capacitor) when the panel is driven. That is, in the organic EL elements 100R, 100G, and 100B, due to the presence of the bank residue 11A, the electric field on the side of the IL (here, the buffer layer 6A) provided immediately above the hole injection layer 4A is increased, and the organic light emitting layer 6B Are pulled to the buffer layer 6A. Since the buffer layer 6A during driving is deficient in holes, electrons are accumulated inside the buffer layer 6A as a result.
- the electron current density is abnormally increased, the luminous efficiency of each of the organic EL elements 100R, 100G, and 100B is lowered, and the life is deteriorated.
- the size of the bank residue 11 ⁇ / b> A when the substrate 10 is looked down (when viewed in plan) is controlled to be equal to or smaller than a predetermined value, thereby preventing problems caused by the bank residue 11 ⁇ / b> A. Eliminate.
- the bank residue 11A is controlled to have the following characteristics.
- Each bank residue 11A when looking down at the substrate 10 has a diameter in one direction (D 1 , D 2 , D 3 etc. in FIG. 3B) of 0.2 ⁇ m.
- D 1 , D 2 , D 3 etc. in FIG. 3B a diameter in one direction
- the widths W 1 , W 2 , W 3 and W 4 are set to 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the area of each bank residue 11A when the substrate 10 is further looked down (when viewed in plan) is at least 0.4 ⁇ m 2 or less. More preferably, the area is 0.04 ⁇ m 2 or less.
- the organic EL panel 1 can be driven with a luminous efficiency comparable to the case where there is no bank residue. it can.
- the buffer layer 6A covering the bank residue 11A can be suppressed, the buffer layer 6A is prevented from being deteriorated by excessive electrons, and the lifetime of the organic EL elements 100R, 100G, and 100B is extended. Can be achieved.
- the organic EL panel 1 according to the first embodiment can be realized at a relatively low cost by appropriately controlling the area of the bank residue even if the bank residue is not completely removed as in the prior art. So it has excellent feasibility.
- UV irradiation is performed to control the size of the bank residue 11A, it is not necessary to irradiate a strong energy ray for a long time in order to completely remove the bank residue. For this reason, the water repellency provided on the surface of the bank 5 is not lost.
- the timing of performing the bank forming process varies, and any one of an anode, a transparent conductive film, a hole injection layer, a buffer layer, and the like exists on the uppermost surface of the substrate immediately before the process.
- the bank forming process is performed, the bank residue remains on the surface of any one of the layers. It has been found that the effect of the first embodiment can be expected to be the same as long as at least the layer stacked on the bank residue has higher hole mobility than the organic light emitting layer.
- the electron current density (electron storage capacity) of the layer stacked on the bank residue increases in proportion to the electron mobility of the organic light emitting layer. Since the blue light emitting organic light emitting layer has higher electron mobility than other light emitting organic light emitting layers, when a hole injection layer is stacked on a bank residue in a blue organic EL element, the electrons in the hole injection layer are It has been found that the amount of accumulation is particularly high.
- each bank residue 11A is 0.2 ⁇ m or less
- the electron current density of the hole injection layer stacked on the bank residue 11A can be made substantially equal to the case where there is no bank residue 11A. And the deterioration of the hole injection layer can be satisfactorily prevented.
- the area of the bank residue in addition to controlling the diameter of the bank residue, it is desirable to make the area of the bank residue as small as possible to 0.04 ⁇ m 2 or less.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration around the organic EL element 101R of red light emission color in the organic EL panel 2 of the second embodiment.
- the configuration shown in this figure is the same as that of the organic EL panel 1 as a whole, but the hole injection layer 4B is limitedly disposed on the transparent conductive film 3.
- the bank 5 since the bank 5 is formed immediately after the anode 2 and the transparent conductive film 3 are formed, the bank residue 11B remains on the surface of the transparent conductive film 3 and is covered with the hole injection layer 4B.
- the hole injection layer 4B is formed by a wet process in which material ink is dropped and dried on the light emitting region partitioned by the bank 5.
- the organic EL panel 1A having this configuration is also adjusted to have the same small area and diameter as the bank residue 11A by irradiating the bank residue with UV under predetermined conditions at the time of manufacture.
- the adverse effect of the bank residue 11B as a parasitic capacitance film is reduced, and excellent light emission efficiency is obtained and power consumption is reduced.
- the sample element has a bipolar device (BPD) structure.
- the curves of the sample elements a1 to e1, a2 to i2, and a3 to i3 are obtained when the bank residue width and the opening width (width of the no residue region) are set based on the conditions of Tables 1 to 3 below.
- a change in electron current density when the element is driven at 10 V is shown.
- residue width of a bank refers to “maximum diameter of residue area”.
- FIG. 12 a graph showing the relationship between the electron current density and the residue width was prepared and shown in FIG.
- the vertical axis is the electron current density
- the horizontal axis is the residue width.
- the width is set to at least 0.2 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less, the electron current of IL due to bank residue in the entire organic EL panel It can be seen that the increase in density can be suppressed.
- the electron mobility increases with an increase in the residue width in any of the elements, but there is almost no change in the electron mobility if the residue width is 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the electron mobility increases as the residue width increases.
- the residue width is 0.2 ⁇ m or less, the change in electron mobility is small, and if the residue width is 0.1 ⁇ m or less, the change is particularly small. I can confirm.
- the hole mobility increases as the residue width increases, but the increase in hole mobility of the element (hmob10) having a hole mobility 10 times that of a normal element is small.
- the change in hole mobility is small if the residue width is 0.2 ⁇ m or less, and the change is particularly small if the residue width is 0.05 ⁇ m or less.
- the hole mobility increases as the residue width increases, but the hole mobility of the element (hmob10) having a hole mobility 10 times that of the normal element is similar to the result of FIG. The rise is small. If the residue width is 0.2 ⁇ m or less, the change in electron mobility is small, and if the residue width is 0.05 ⁇ m or less, it can be confirmed that the change is particularly small.
- FIG. 23 shows an electron current density distribution of a red organic EL element in which an IL layer, an organic light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer are sequentially laminated between an anode and a cathode.
- an electron transport layer (ETL), an organic light emitting layer (EML), and a buffer layer (IL layer) are sequentially stacked.
- the bank residue has a thickness of 1 nm and exists in the IL layer in the horizontal axis direction. There is a boundary between a residue region and a residue-free region near the center in the figure.
- 24 and 25 are the electron current densities of the green organic EL element and the blue organic EL element shown in the same manner as in FIG. 23 in the same order.
- FIGS. 23 and 25 show that the electron current density in the IL layer is higher in the residue region than in the other regions, and the residue has an effect as a parasitic capacitance film. Yes.
- the electron current density of the IL layer is low. This indicates that carrier recombination is appropriately performed in the EML, and the number of electrons entering the IL is small.
- the green organic EL element of FIG. 24 it turned out that the electron current density of an IL layer is comparatively hard to change irrespective of the presence or absence of a residue from the property.
- the effect of appropriately controlling the area and the diameter of the bank residue in the present invention can be actually measured by measuring the electron current density distribution of each constituent layer in the organic EL element. .
- the size and area of the bank residue can be controlled by adjusting each irradiation condition of UV (irradiation time, irradiation intensity, irradiation range, and other parameters) applied to the bank residue.
- irradiation intensity and irradiation range there is a method in which the substrate side is irradiated with UV through a pattern mask provided with a predetermined opening in addition to adjusting the intensity on the UV irradiation apparatus side.
- a pattern mask a halftone mask may be used in addition to a mask having a dot-like opening.
- the size and area of the bank residue for each luminescent color can be made different if the irradiation conditions are made different in the luminescent regions of each RGB luminescent color.
- the bank residue processing It is also possible to positively suppress defects due to bank residues while shortening the time required for the above.
- the method can be examined using a technique such as SIMS or TEM.
- SIMS the size and area of the entire bank residue can be calculated by measuring and grasping a plurality of peripheral positions of the bank residue.
- the above-described simulation result data shown in FIGS. 15 to 22 is obtained in advance, and actual measurement data about the actually manufactured organic EL panel is obtained. Then, by comparing these data and examining whether or not they match, it is possible to determine the conditions of UV irradiation for performing bank residue treatment as intended, or to indirectly check the UV irradiation result. it can.
- Method for manufacturing organic EL panel 1 Next, an overall manufacturing method of the organic EL panel 1 will be illustrated with reference to FIGS.
- a thin film made of silver is formed on the substrate 10 by sputtering.
- the thin film is patterned by photolithography, for example, to form a plurality of anodes 2 in a matrix on the surface of the substrate 10 (FIG. 5A).
- it is not limited to a sputtering method, You may use vacuum processes other than this, for example, a vacuum evaporation method.
- an ITO thin film is formed on the surface of the substrate 10 including the anode 2 based on, for example, a sputtering method.
- the ITO thin film is patterned by, for example, photolithography. Thereby, the transparent electrode film 3 is formed.
- a metal oxide film 4X is formed on the entire surface of the substrate 10 on which the transparent electrode film 3 is formed based on a sputtering method or the like (FIG. 5B).
- a bank material layer 5X is formed on the formed metal oxide film 4X using a bank material made of an organic material (FIG. 5C). Thereafter, a part of the bank material layer 5X is removed to expose a part of the thin film 4X.
- the bank material layer 5X can be formed, for example, by coating.
- the removal of the bank material layer 5X can be performed by patterning and cleaning using a predetermined developer (tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution or the like).
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- the metal oxide constituting the metal oxide film 4X has a good chemical resistance, but is slightly soluble in the TMAH solution. Therefore, the surface is slightly eroded and the hole injection layer 4 is formed (FIG. 6A). Thereby, the hole injection layer 4A is formed.
- the surface of the bank material layer 5X is subjected to a liquid repellency treatment using, for example, fluorine plasma to form the bank 5.
- bank residue 11A actually exists on the surface of the hole injection layer 4A even after the development / washing process with the developer (see FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 6A). .
- the bank residue 11A is considered to exist over a wide range.
- UV irradiation is performed on the surface of the hole injection layer 4A partitioned by the bank 5 through the pattern mask PM having a predetermined opening.
- the bank residue 11A can be removed and reduced by controlling the UV irradiation intensity, the irradiation time, the opening size of the pattern mask PM, and the like.
- the diameter in any direction of each bank residue 11A when the substrate 10 is viewed in plan is set to 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the substrate 10 and the area of each bank residues 11A when viewed in plan at least 0.4 .mu.m 2 or less, preferably to a 0.04 .mu.m 2 or less.
- a composition ink containing an organic material is dropped into the region partitioned by the bank 5 based on a wet process such as an inkjet method.
- the buffer layer 6A is formed by drying the ink.
- the bank residue 11A is covered with the buffer layer 6A (see FIG. 1).
- the organic light emitting layer 6B is formed (FIG. 6B).
- the wet process may employ a dispenser method, a nozzle coating method, a spin coating method, intaglio printing, letterpress printing, or the like.
- a barium thin film is formed over the entire surface of the substrate including the organic light emitting layer 6B based on, for example, a vacuum deposition method. This is the electron injection layer 7 (FIG. 7A).
- an ITO film is formed on the surface of the electron injection layer 7 based on, for example, a sputtering method. This is the cathode 8 (FIG. 7B).
- the sealing layer 9 is uniformly formed on the surface of the cathode 8 using a material such as SiN (silicon nitride) or SiON (silicon oxynitride) based on a thin film process (FIG. 7C). ).
- the planarization film 17 is formed on the surface of the substrate 10 as another configuration example, but this step may be omitted.
- the transparent conductive film the IZO layer 3A is employed.
- a planarizing film 17 is formed on a substrate 10 using an insulating resin material such as polyimide or acrylic.
- an insulating resin material such as polyimide or acrylic.
- Three layers of an aluminum alloy thin film 2X, an IZO thin film 3X, and a thin film (tungsten oxide film) 4X are sequentially formed on the planarizing film 17 based on a vapor deposition method.
- an ACL (aluminum cobalt lanthanum alloy) material can be used as the aluminum alloy material.
- a resist pattern R is formed by photolithography in a region where the anode 2, the IZO layer 3A, and the hole injection layer 4B are to be formed (FIG. 8B).
- the region of the thin film 4X not covered with the resist pattern R is subjected to dry etching (D / E) processing and patterned (FIG. 8C).
- dry etching in order to selectively etch only the thin film 4X, either a mixed gas of F-based gas and N 2 gas or a mixed gas of F-based gas and O 2 gas is used.
- Specific conditions for setting the dry etching process can be determined as follows as an example.
- Supply power Source 500W, Bias 400W Pressure: 10-50mTorr Etching temperature: room temperature
- a hole injection layer 4B is formed. Thereafter, an ashing process is performed with O 2 gas to facilitate peeling of the resist pattern R in
- regions of the IZO thin film 3X and the AI alloy thin film 2X that are not covered with the resist pattern R are patterned by wet etching (FIG. 8D).
- a mixed solution of nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid and water is used, and the two layers of the IZO thin film 3X and the Al alloy thin film 2X are wet etched together.
- Specific conditions for setting the wet etching process can be determined as follows as an example.
- Treatment target IZO thin film and Al alloy thin film
- Etchant Mixed aqueous solution of phosphoric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid
- Solvent mixing ratio Arbitrary (can be mixed under general conditions)
- Etching temperature lower than room temperature.
- the film thickness of the upper IZO thin film is preferably 20 nm or less. This is because when the film thickness exceeds 20 nm, the amount of side etching increases.
- the anode 2 and the IZO layer 3A are formed. Thereafter, a resist stripping step is performed to remove the resist pattern R, thereby obtaining a three-layer structure of the patterned anode 2, IZO layer 3A, and hole injection layer 4B (FIG. 9A). In this process, the hole injection layer 4B is formed at a position corresponding to the anode 2 and the IZO layer 3A.
- a bank material layer 5X (not shown) is formed on the exposed surface of the planarizing film 17 and patterned.
- the bank material is a photosensitive resin material made of acrylic, polyimide, or the like, and may be negative or positive.
- the photosensitive resin film in the unnecessary portion is removed.
- the photosensitive resin film is irradiated with UV.
- the photosensitive resin film is melted and cured by UV irradiation to form the bank 5. (FIG. 9B).
- the bank residue 11A remains on the surface of the hole injection layer 4B. Therefore, similarly to the above, the pattern mask PM is used, and appropriately controlled UV irradiation is performed to control the size and area of the bank residue 11A.
- a predetermined ink is prepared by the same method as described above, and this is sequentially dropped and dried in an area defined in the bank 5.
- the buffer layer 6A and the organic light emitting layer 6B can be formed, respectively (FIG. 9C).
- ⁇ Method for producing organic EL panel 1A> In the panel 1A, similarly to the above, the anode 2 and the transparent conductive film 3 are sequentially formed on the surface of the substrate 10 based on the sputtering method. Thereafter, a bank material layer is uniformly applied on the substrate 10 and patterned to form the bank 5.
- the bank residue 11B remains on the transparent conductive film 3. For this reason, UV irradiation is performed and the size and area of the bank residue 11B are controlled to be reduced in the same manner as described above (see FIG. 10).
- ink containing a metal oxide material is applied to the surface of the transparent conductive film 3 between the adjacent banks 5, and this is dried to form the hole injection layer 4B.
- the buffer layer 6A, the organic light emitting layer 6B, the electron injection layer 7, the cathode 8, and the sealing layer 9 are formed in the same procedure as the panel 1.
- FIG. 11 shows a front view of an organic EL panel 1B according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 shows a configuration of an organic EL panel 1B in which a cross-shaped pixel bank 5A is arranged and light emitting layers 102R, 102G, and 102B are partitioned in the XY directions.
- the method for forming the hole injection layer by a thin film process is not limited to the reactive sputtering method, and for example, a vapor deposition method, a CVD method, or the like can be used.
- the organic EL panel of the present invention can be used as, for example, a lighting device by setting each element to a single emission color.
- a hole transport layer may be formed as an IL layer between the hole injection layer and the light emitting layer.
- the hole transport layer has a function of transporting holes injected from the hole injection layer to the light emitting layer.
- a hole transporting organic material is used as the hole transport layer.
- the hole transporting organic material is an organic substance having a property of transmitting generated holes by a charge transfer reaction between molecules. This is sometimes called a p-type organic semiconductor.
- the material of the hole transport layer may be either a high molecular material or a low molecular material, and can be formed by, for example, a wet printing method.
- a cross-linking agent in the material of the hole transport layer so as not to be mixed with the material of the light emitting layer.
- the material for the hole transport layer include a copolymer containing a fluorene moiety and a triarylamine moiety, and a low molecular weight triarylamine derivative.
- the crosslinking agent dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate or the like can be used. In this case, it is preferably formed of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT: PSS) or a derivative thereof (such as a copolymer).
- bank residues remain on the surface of the hole transport layer. Accordingly, in this case as well, UV irradiation is performed in the same manner as described above to appropriately control the size and area of the bank residue.
- an organic material is used as the bank material, but an inorganic material can also be used.
- the bank material layer is disposed by, for example, coating or the like as in the case of using an organic material.
- the patterning of the bank material layer can be performed by forming a resist pattern on the bank material layer, and then etching using a predetermined etching solution (tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution or the like).
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- the organic EL panel of the present invention can be used for display elements for mobile phones, display elements such as televisions, various light sources, and the like. In any application, it can be applied as an organic EL panel driven at a low voltage in a wide luminance range from low luminance to high luminance such as a light source. With such high performance, it can be widely used as various display devices for home or public facilities, or for business use, television devices, displays for portable electronic devices, illumination light sources, and the like.
Abstract
Description
本発明の一態様である有機ELパネルは、基板と、前記基板の上方において、互いに交差する第1方向及び第2方向に沿って配設された複数の第1電極と、前記各第1電極の上方において、有機発光材料を含んで形成された各有機発光層と、前記各有機発光層を個別または一群毎に区画するように設けられた隔壁と、各有機発光層の上方にわたって形成された第2電極とを有し、前記第1電極と前記有機発光層の間に複数の隔壁残渣が存在し、前記基板表面を平面視した場合における、前記各隔壁残渣のいずれかの方向の径が0.2μm以下の構成とする。
<実施の形態1>
(有機EL素子の構成)
図1は、本実施の形態1の有機ELパネル1における、赤色発光色の有機EL素子100R周辺の構成を示す模式的な断面図である。
(基板10)
基板10は有機ELパネル1及び有機EL素子100の基材となる部分であり、例えば、無アルカリガラス、ソーダガラス、無蛍光ガラス、燐酸系ガラス、硼酸系ガラス、石英、アクリル系樹脂、スチレン系樹脂、ポリカーボネート系樹脂、エポキシ系樹脂、ポリエチレン、ポリエステル、シリコン系樹脂、またはアルミナ等の絶縁性材料のいずれかで形成することができる。
(陽極2)
陽極2は発光層側に給電を行うとともに、発光層で発生した光を効率よく上方から取り出せるように、良好な可視光反射率を有する金属材料(アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金)を用いて反射金属膜として構成される。ここで言う「アルミ合金」とは、アルミニウムに対し、鉄、銅、マンガン、亜鉛、ニッケル、マグネシウム、パラジウム、コバルト、ネオジムの少なくともいずれかを加えてなる合金を指す。
(透明電極膜3)
透明導電膜3は、ITO、IZO等の公知の透明導電材料で構成され、陽極2を被覆して大気中の酸素等から遮断し、不要な被膜形成により陽極2の反射率や導電性が低下するのを防止するために設けられる。
ホール注入層4Aは、有機発光層6B側にホールを効率よく注入する層であり、例えば酸化モリブデンやモリブデン-タングステン酸化物等の金属酸化物で形成されているが、これに限定されない。
(バンク5)
バンク(隔壁)5は、絶縁性の有機材料(例えばアクリル系樹脂、ポリイミド系樹脂、ノボラック型フェノール樹脂等)からなり、少なくとも表面が撥水性を持つように形成されている。パネル100ではバンク5をラインバンク構造にするため、幅(X)方向に台形断面形状を有し、Y方向(紙面に垂直な方向)にライン状に延伸して構成する。パネル100において、バンク5は幅(X)方向に一定のピッチを置いて複数本にわたり並設されている。
(バッファ層6A)
バッファ層6Aは、厚さ20nmのアミン系有機高分子であるTFB(poly(9、9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-(1、4-phenylene-((4-sec-butylphenyl)imino)-1、4-phenylene))で構成される。なお本実施の形態1では、バッファ層をIL層の一例として例示する。
(有機発光層6B)
有機発光層6Bは、赤(R)、緑(G)、青(B)のいずれかの発光色に対応するように有機発光材料を用い、厚さ約70nmで構成されている。前記材料としては、有機高分子であるF8BT(poly(9、9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole))を用いて構成されるが、これに限定されない。たとえば特開平5-163488号公報に記載のオキシノイド化合物、ペリレン化合物、クマリン化合物、アザクマリン化合物、オキサゾール化合物、オキサジアゾール化合物、ペリノン化合物、ピロロピロール化合物、ナフタレン化合物、アントラセン化合物、フルオレン化合物、フルオランテン化合物、テトラセン化合物、ピレン化合物、コロネン化合物、キノロン化合物およびアザキノロン化合物、ピラゾリン誘導体およびピラゾロン誘導体、ローダミン化合物、クリセン化合物、フェナントレン化合物、シクロペンタジエン化合物、スチルベン化合物、ジフェニルキノン化合物、スチリル化合物、ブタジエン化合物、ジシアノメチレンピラン化合物、ジシアノメチレンチオピラン化合物、フルオレセイン化合物、ピリリウム化合物、チアピリリウム化合物、セレナピリリウム化合物、テルロピリリウム化合物、芳香族アルダジエン化合物、オリゴフェニレン化合物、チオキサンテン化合物、アンスラセン化合物、シアニン化合物、アクリジン化合物、8-ヒドロキシキノリン化合物の金属錯体、2-ビピリジン化合物の金属錯体、シッフ塩とIII族金属との錯体、オキシン金属錯体、希土類錯体等の蛍光物質等を挙げることができる。
(電子輸送層7)
電子輸送層7は、陰極8から注入された電子を発光層5側へ効率よく輸送する機能を有する。電子輸送層7は例えば有機化合物層であって、2種類の互いに異なる有機物質(電子輸送材料(ホスト)としての第1の有機物質と、n型ドーパントとしての第2の有機物質)で構成されている。
(陰極8)
陰極8は、例えばITO(酸化インジウムスズ)、IZO(酸化インジウム亜鉛)等で構成される。パネル100ではトップエミッション型構造を採るため、陰極8の材料として光透過性材料を用いる必要がある。
(封止層9)
封止層9は、例えばSiN(窒化シリコン)、SiON(酸窒化シリコン)等の材料で形成され、発光層6が水分や空気等に触れて劣化するのを抑制するために用いられる。当該封止層9も、有機EL素子をトップエミッション型にする場合は、光透過性材料で構成することが好適である。
(有機ELパネル1の作用および効果)
図3(a)は、ホール注入層4Aの表面を平面視した様子を示す模式図である。一般に有機ELパネルでは、バンク5をパターニングした際に生じる1個以上のバンク残渣が、露出している有機EL素子の構成層の表面に残留する。当図の例では、ホール注入層4Aの表面にバンク残渣11Aが網目状に残留しているが、その他に図3(b)のように島状に1個以上のバンク残渣11Aが点在する場合もある。
(ii)(i)に加え、さらに基板10を見下ろした(平面視した)際の各バンク残渣11Aの面積を少なくとも0.4μm2以下とする。より好ましくは前記面積を0.04μm2以下とする。
図10は、本実施の形態2の有機ELパネル2における、赤色発光色の有機EL素子101R周辺の構成を示す模式的な断面図である。
<性能確認試験と考察>
以下、本発明の性能確認のために行った試験の手法と結果、考察について順次述べる。
ここではバンク残渣を被覆するILの電子電流密度の分布を検討した。
次に、IL中の電子移動度の変化に対する電子電流密度変化についてシミュレーションを行った。その結果を図16に示す。サンプル素子として、通常素子(std)、通常素子の1/10の電子移動度の素子(emob0.1)、通常素子の10倍の電子移動度の素子(emob10)の各素子を解析に供した。
次に図18と同様の要領で、EML中の正孔移動度の変化に対する電子電流密度変化についてシミュレーションを行った。その結果を図19に示す。
(有機EL素子中の電子密度分布について)
図23に、陽極と陰極の間にIL層、有機発光層、電子輸送層を順次積層してなる赤色有機EL素子の電子電流密度分布を示す。当図では都合上、電子輸送層(ETL)、有機発光層(EML)、バッファ層(IL層)を順次積層して示す。バンク残渣は厚み1nmであり、横軸方向に向かってIL層中に存在している。図中の中央付近に残渣領域と残渣無し領域の境界が存在する。
バンク残渣のサイズ・面積は、これに照射するUVの各照射条件(照射時間、照射強度、照射範囲等の各パラメータ)を調節することで制御できる。照射強度と照射範囲については、UV照射装置側の強度を調節するほか、所定の開口部を設けたパターンマスクを介して基板側にUV照射する方法がある。パターンマスクはドット状等の開口部を有するマスクの他、ハーフトーンマスクを用いてもよい。
<有機ELパネル1の製造方法>
次に、図5~9を用いて、有機ELパネル1の全体的な製造方法を例示する。
<陽極形成工程からバンク形成工程までの別工程例>
次に図8、9を用いて、陽極形成工程からバンク形成工程までのプロセスの別例を説明する。
[ドライエッチング条件]
処理対象;酸化タングステン膜
エッチングガス;フッ素系ガス(SF6、CF4CHF3)
混合ガス;O2、N2
混合ガス比;CF4:O2=160:40
供給パワー;Source 500W、Bias 400W
圧力;10~50mTorr
エッチング温度;室温
上記ドライエッチング処理を実施後、ホール注入層4Bが形成される。その後はO2ガスでアッシング処理を行うことで、次のウェットエッチング(W/E)処理におけるレジストパターンRの剥離を容易にしておく。
[ウェットエッチング条件]
処理対象;IZO薄膜及びAl合金薄膜
エッチャント;リン酸、硝酸、酢酸の混合水溶液
溶剤の混合比率;任意(一般的な条件で混合可能)
エッチング温度;室温よりも低くする。
<有機ELパネル1Aの製造方法>
パネル1Aでは上記と同様に、スパッタ法に基づき、基板10の表面に陽極2と透明導電膜3を順次形成する。その後、バンク材料層を基板10の上に一様に塗布し、パターニングしてバンク5を形成する。
<実施の形態3>
図11に本発明の実施の形態3に係る有機ELパネル1Bの正面図を示す。
<その他の事項>
ホール注入層を薄膜プロセスで成膜する方法は、反応性スパッタ法に限定されず、例えば蒸着法、CVD法等を用いることもできる。
また上記各実施の形態では、バンク材料として有機材料を用いたが、無機材料も利用可能である。この場合バンク材料層は、有機材料を用いる場合と同様に例えば塗布等で配設する。バンク材料層のパターニングは、バンク材料層上にレジストパターンを形成し、その後、所定のエッチング液(テトラメチルアンモニウムハイドロキシオキサイド(TMAH)溶液等)を用いてエッチングすることで実施できる。
2 第1電極(陽極)
3 透明電極膜
4A 薄膜型ホール注入層(HIL)
4B 塗布型ホール注入層(HIL)
4X 金属酸化物膜
5 バンク(ラインバンク構造)
5A バンク(ピクセルバンク構造)
5X バンク材料層
6A バッファ層(IL)
6B 有機発光層(EML)
7 電子輸送層(ETL)
8 第2電極(陰極)
9 封止層
10 基板
11A、11B バンク残渣
100R、100B、100G、101R、102R、102B、102G 有機EL素子
Claims (12)
- 基板と、
前記基板の上方において、互いに交差する第1方向及び第2方向に沿って配設された複数の第1電極と、
前記各第1電極の上方において、有機発光材料を含んで形成された各有機発光層と、
前記各有機発光層を個別または一群毎に区画するように設けられた隔壁と、
各有機発光層の上方にわたって形成された第2電極とを有し、
前記第1電極と前記有機発光層の間に複数の隔壁残渣が存在し、前記基板表面を平面視した場合における、前記各隔壁残渣のいずれかの方向の径が0.2μm以下である
有機ELパネル。 - 前記基板表面を平面視した場合における前記各隔壁残渣の面積が少なくとも0.4μm2以下である
請求項1に記載の有機ELパネル。 - さらに、前記隔壁残渣の面積が0.04μm2以下である
請求項2に記載の有機ELパネル。 - 前記第1電極と前記有機発光層の間にホール注入層を有し、
前記隔壁残渣は前記ホール注入層の表面に存在している
請求項1に記載の有機ELパネル。 - 前記隔壁残渣は前記第1電極の表面に存在している
請求項1に記載の有機ELパネル。 - 前記第1電極と前記有機発光層の間にホール注入層を有し、
前記隔壁残渣の上に前記ホール注入層が積層されている
請求項1に記載の有機ELパネル。 - 前記第1電極と有機発光層の間にバッファ層を有し、
前記隔壁残渣の上に前記バッファ層が積層されている
請求項1に記載の有機ELパネル。 - 前記各第1電極の上方において、前記第2方向に隣接する状態で互いに発光色が異なる第1、第2、第3の前記有機発光層が繰り返し形成され、
このうち電子移動度が最も高い前記有機発光層の下方に存在する前記隔壁残渣の前記径が最も小さい
請求項1に記載の有機ELパネル。 - 前記電子移動度が最も高い前記有機発光層は青色である
請求項8に記載の有機ELパネル。 - 基板を準備する工程と、
前記基板の上方において、互いに交差する第1方向および第2方向に沿って複数の第1電極を形成する工程と、
前記各第1電極の上方に、隔壁を形成する隔壁形成工程と、
前記各第1電極の上方において、有機発光材料を含むように有機発光層を形成する工程と、
前記有機発光層の上方に、前記第1電極と極性が異なる第2電極を形成する工程とを有し、
前記隔壁形成工程後、前記有機発光層形成工程前において、前記第1電極の上方に存在する隔壁残渣に対して紫外線照射することにより、前記各隔壁残渣のいずれかの方向の径を0.2μm以下に縮小する隔壁残渣処理工程を経る
有機ELパネルの製造方法。 - 前記隔壁残渣処理工程では、
さらに前記基板表面を平面視した場合における前記隔壁残渣の面積を少なくとも0.4μm2以下に縮小する
請求項10に記載の有機ELパネルの製造方法。 - 前記隔壁残渣処理工程では、
前記基板表面を平面視した場合における前記隔壁残渣の面積を0.04μm2以下に縮小する
請求項11に記載の有機ELパネルの製造方法。
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US5294869A (en) | 1991-12-30 | 1994-03-15 | Eastman Kodak Company | Organic electroluminescent multicolor image display device |
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WO2009075075A1 (ja) * | 2007-12-10 | 2009-06-18 | Panasonic Corporation | 有機elデバイスおよびelディスプレイパネル、ならびにそれらの製造方法 |
JP2010108921A (ja) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-05-13 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 有機薄膜パターニング用基板、有機電界発光素子およびその製造方法、並びに有機el表示装置および有機el照明 |
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US9159771B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 |
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