WO2013078893A1 - 一种超声成像的方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种超声成像的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013078893A1
WO2013078893A1 PCT/CN2012/080925 CN2012080925W WO2013078893A1 WO 2013078893 A1 WO2013078893 A1 WO 2013078893A1 CN 2012080925 W CN2012080925 W CN 2012080925W WO 2013078893 A1 WO2013078893 A1 WO 2013078893A1
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Prior art keywords
signal
ultrasonic echo
ultrasonic
downsampling
echo signal
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2012/080925
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
桑茂栋
冒祖华
吉挺澜
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Shenzhen Mindray Bio Medical Electronics Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Mindray Bio Medical Electronics Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2013078893A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013078893A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US14/444,836 priority Critical patent/US10426441B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/52Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/5207Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of raw data to produce diagnostic data, e.g. for generating an image
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S15/89Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S15/8906Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques
    • G01S15/8959Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using coded signals for correlation purposes
    • G01S15/8963Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using coded signals for correlation purposes using pulse inversion
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/52Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
    • G01S7/52017Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00 particularly adapted to short-range imaging
    • G01S7/52019Details of transmitters
    • G01S7/5202Details of transmitters for pulse systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/52Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
    • G01S7/52017Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00 particularly adapted to short-range imaging
    • G01S7/52023Details of receivers
    • G01S7/52034Data rate converters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/52Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
    • G01S7/52017Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00 particularly adapted to short-range imaging
    • G01S7/52023Details of receivers
    • G01S7/52036Details of receivers using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation
    • G01S7/52038Details of receivers using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation involving non-linear properties of the propagation medium or of the reflective target

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to the field of medical ultrasound imaging, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for ultrasound imaging of a target area.
  • an ultrasound pulse is usually emitted from a transmitting circuit into a human body, and the visible ultrasound image of the human tissue is obtained by receiving and processing an echo carrying the characteristic information of the human body using the reflection of the ultrasonic wave at the human tissue interface.
  • ultrasound images sometimes appear blurry or even undisplayable for weak borders and small blood vessels due to the presence of reverberation and resolution limitations.
  • contrast imaging the contrast between the contrast agent and the surrounding tissue is large, which can change the absorption, reflection, scattering and refraction of sound waves between tissues, so that the echo signal of the part is enhanced and the contrast resolution of the image is increased.
  • contrast microbubbles have significant nonlinear characteristics. Under the excitation of ultrasonic pulses, the degree of expansion and expansion is different, so that the ultrasonic echoes reflected by them not only include linear components corresponding to the original ultrasonic pulses, but also include non- Linear component.
  • the linear component contains both the linear component of the tissue and the linear component of the contrast agent.
  • the contrast of the ultrasound image formed by the linear component of the detection fundamental wave is not high, and the contrast cannot be clearly presented.
  • the infusion of microvessels and tissues affects the clinical differential diagnosis. Therefore, it is necessary to detect nonlinear components in the ultrasound echo signals in ultrasound contrast imaging.
  • the present invention provides a linear component and a nonlinear fraction that can be well separated in an ultrasonic echo signal. And a method and apparatus for easily extracting nonlinear components from ultrasonic echo signals.
  • a method for ultrasonically imaging a target region comprising: transmitting a first ultrasonic pulse to a target region; receiving an ultrasonic echo of the first ultrasonic pulse reflected from the target region, obtaining a first An ultrasonic echo signal; transmitting a second ultrasonic pulse to the target region; receiving an ultrasonic echo of the second ultrasonic pulse reflected from the target region, obtaining a second ultrasonic echo signal; transmitting the second ultrasonic wave to the target region a third ultrasonic pulse; receiving an ultrasonic echo of the third ultrasonic pulse reflected from the target region to obtain a third ultrasonic echo signal; according to the first ultrasonic echo signal, the second ultrasonic echo signal, and The third ultrasonic echo signal extracts an echo signal component; generating an ultrasound image of the target region according to the echo signal component; wherein, the amplitude weight of the third ultrasonic pulse and the first ultrasonic pulse The sum of the amplitude weights of the second ultrasonic pulse is equal in magnitude.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus for performing ultrasound imaging on a target area, comprising: a probe; a transmitting circuit, wherein the transmitting circuit respectively transmits a first ultrasonic pulse and a second ultrasonic wave to the target area through the probe a pulse and a third ultrasonic pulse; a receiving circuit, the receiving circuit respectively receiving an ultrasonic echo of the first ultrasonic pulse by the probe to obtain a first ultrasonic echo signal; and receiving an ultrasonic echo of the second ultrasonic pulse Obtaining a second ultrasonic echo signal; receiving an ultrasonic echo of the third ultrasonic pulse to obtain a third ultrasonic echo signal; and a signal processing module, wherein the signal processing module is configured according to the first ultrasonic echo signal The second ultrasonic echo signal and the third ultrasonic echo signal extract an echo signal component; an image processing module, the image processing module generates an image of the target region according to the echo signal component; wherein, the The amplitude weight of the three ultrasonic pulses is greater than the sum of
  • echoes of a plurality of ultrasonic pulses having different amplitudes and phases (or polarities) are processed and the echo signals are modulated, so that linear components and odd-order nonlinear fundamental components in the modulated signals are obtained.
  • the symmetrical component is separated from the original frequency position, and the even nonlinear component (such as the quadratic nonlinear component) and the asymmetric component of the odd nonlinear component, especially the third and higher order odd times in the contrast echo.
  • the nonlinear fundamental component produced by the component remains at the original frequency position, thus It is not necessary to transmit multiple ultrasonic pulses in a manner of delayed transmission between each other, so that the asymmetric component and the linear component and the odd component of the even-order nonlinear component and the odd-order nonlinear component in the ultrasonic echo signal can be made.
  • the symmetrical components of the linear components are separated, and the asymmetric components and/or even nonlinear components of the odd-order nonlinear components can be conveniently extracted from the ultrasonic echo signals for subsequent imaging processes, such as contrast imaging.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can realize the symmetric component and the even-order nonlinear component and the odd-order of the linear component and the odd-order nonlinear component without transmitting a plurality of ultrasonic pulses in a manner of delaying emission between each other.
  • the asymmetrical component of the nonlinear component avoids the control process of controlling the transmission of multiple ultrasonic pulses in a manner that is delayed relative to each other.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for ultrasonically imaging a target area according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for performing ultrasound imaging on a target area according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. a block diagram of the processing device
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing time domain waveforms of a first operational signal, a third ultrasonic echo signal, and a second operational signal, and echo signal components thereof, according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a time domain waveform and a spectrum diagram of a symmetric component and an asymmetric component in a nonlinear fundamental component according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a time domain waveform and a frequency spectrum of a nonlinear fundamental wave component outputted by a second operation signal after being filtered by a low pass filter according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a signal processing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a signal processing apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a signal processing apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a time domain waveform and a frequency spectrum of a third ultrasonic echo signal, a fourth ultrasonic echo signal, and a fifth operational signal according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a time domain waveform and a frequency spectrum of a linear fundamental component and a quadratic nonlinear component in a fifth operational signal according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 12 is a block diagram of a signal processing apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a block diagram of a signal processing apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of time domain waveforms and spectrum diagrams of a sixth operational signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an apparatus for performing ultrasound imaging on a target area includes: a probe 1, a transmitting circuit 2, a transmit/receive selection switch 3, a receiving circuit 4, a beam combining module 5, and a signal processing module. 6. Image processing module 7 and display 8.
  • the transmitting circuit 2 transmits the delayed-focused ultrasonic pulse having a certain amplitude and polarity to the probe 1 through the transmitting/receiving selection switch 3.
  • the probe 1 is excited by the ultrasonic pulse to emit ultrasonic waves to a target area (not shown) of the body to be tested, and receives an ultrasonic echo with tissue information reflected from the target area after a certain delay.
  • the ultrasonic echo is reconverted into an electrical signal.
  • the receiving and receiving probe 1 converts the generated electrical signals to obtain ultrasonic echo signals, and sends the ultrasonic echo signals to the beam combining module 5.
  • the beam synthesizing module 5 performs focus delay, weighting, channel summation and the like on the ultrasonic echo signals, and then sends the ultrasonic echo signals to the signal processing module 6 for related signal processing.
  • the ultrasonic echo signals processed by the signal processing module 6 are sent to the image processing module 7.
  • the image processing module 7 performs different processing on the signals according to the different imaging modes required by the user, obtains image data of different modes, and then forms ultrasonic images of different modes by logarithmic compression, dynamic range adjustment, digital scan conversion, etc., such as B image, C image, D image, etc.
  • the ultrasonic image generated by the image processing module 7 is sent to the display 8 for display.
  • FIG. 1 the operation of the apparatus for ultrasound imaging of the target area is illustrated in FIG.
  • the transmitting/receiving selection switch 3 is switched to the transmitting mode, the transmitting circuit 2 transmits the first ultrasonic pulse through the probe 1; the transmitting/receiving selection switch 3 is switched to the receiving mode, and the receiving circuit 4 receives the ultrasonic echo reflected from the target area through the probe 1 Obtaining a first ultrasonic echo signal; The transmitting/receiving selection switch 3 is switched to the transmitting mode, and the transmitting circuit 2 transmits the second ultrasonic pulse through the probe 1;
  • the transmitting/receiving selection switch 3 is switched to the receiving mode, and the receiving circuit 4 receives the ultrasonic echo reflected from the target area through the probe 1 to obtain a second ultrasonic echo signal;
  • the transmitting/receiving selection switch 3 is switched to the transmitting mode, and the transmitting circuit 2 transmits the third ultrasonic pulse through the probe 1;
  • the transmitting/receiving selection switch 3 is switched to the receiving mode, and the receiving circuit 4 receives the ultrasonic echo reflected from the target area through the probe 1 to obtain a third ultrasonic echo signal;
  • the signal processing module 6 extracts a required echo signal component (described in detail below) according to the obtained first ultrasonic echo signal, second ultrasonic echo signal and third ultrasonic echo signal, and then the image processing module extracts according to The echo signal component generates an ultrasound image of the target area.
  • a required echo signal component described in detail below
  • the first ultrasonic pulse, the second ultrasonic pulse, and the third ultrasonic pulse each have their own self-amplitude and polarity.
  • the kth transmit pulse can be expressed as:
  • denotes the envelope of the transmitted pulse
  • denotes the carrier frequency, ie the amplitude and polarity of the kth transmitted pulse, where the absolute value represents the amplitude of the transmitted pulse, and the sign (ie positive and negative) indicates the pole of the transmitted pulse Sex.
  • the transmitting circuit 2 can control the amplitude and polarity of the transmitted pulse, that is, the value of the control.
  • the amplitude weight of the ultrasonic pulse it is called the amplitude weight of the ultrasonic pulse, and its absolute value is the magnitude of the amplitude weight, and its sign is the direction of the amplitude weight.
  • control of the direction of the amplitude weight can be achieved by controlling the positive and negative polarities of the transmitted pulses, and controlling the magnitude of the amplitude weight of each transmitted pulse or the magnitude of the magnitude weight between the transmitted pulses can be achieved in a variety of ways. E.g:
  • each transmitting pulse is constant, and the excitation voltage of each transmitting pulse is adjusted so that the amplitude weight of each excitation voltage is equal to the absolute value of the amplitude weight of the transmitting pulse;
  • the excitation voltage of each transmitted pulse is unchanged, and the number of array elements in each pulse emission aperture is adjusted. example For example, if the number of elements in the pulse transmission aperture with weight a is M, and the number of elements in the pulse transmission aperture with weight (1-a) is N, then the number of elements in the pulse transmission aperture with weight 1 is (M) +N);
  • the excitation voltage of each emission pulse is different, and the emission aperture is also different.
  • the combination of the two makes the amplitude of each emission pulse different.
  • the ultrasonic echo signal emitted by the transmitted ultrasonic pulse by the tissue medium in the target region contains both a linear fundamental component and a high-order nonlinear component.
  • the ultrasonic echo signal can be expressed as:
  • the WAA ⁇ COS ⁇ In the ultrasonic echo signal, the WAA ⁇ COS ⁇ ) component is called the linear fundamental component, and the w 2 a k 2 A 2 (t)cos 2 (iyt) component is called the quadratic nonlinear component, w ⁇ A ⁇ O co ⁇
  • the wt) component is called a cubic nonlinear component, and so on. It also includes nonlinear components such as quadratic nonlinear components and fifth-order nonlinear components, which can be collectively referred to as higher-order nonlinear components.
  • the amplitude factor of the linear fundamental component in the ultrasonic echo signal of the kth ultrasonic pulse is the amplitude factor of the linear fundamental component in the ultrasonic echo signal of the kth ultrasonic pulse.
  • the amplitude factor of the quadratic nonlinear component is w 2 a k 2
  • the amplitude factor of the cubic nonlinear component is w 3 and so on.
  • the transmitting circuit 2 controls the amplitude weights of the first ultrasonic pulse, the second ultrasonic pulse, and the third ultrasonic pulse. In one embodiment, it may be controlled such that the amplitude weight of the third ultrasonic pulse is equal to the sum of the amplitude weights of the first ultrasonic pulse and the second ultrasonic pulse.
  • the amplitude of the first ultrasonic pulse may be a, the amplitude of the second ultrasonic pulse is (1-a), and the amplitude of the third ultrasonic pulse is -1, where 0 ⁇ a ⁇ l Or the amplitude of the first ultrasonic pulse is (1-a), the amplitude of the second ultrasonic pulse is a, and the amplitude of the third ultrasonic pulse is -1, where 0 ⁇ a ⁇ l.
  • the order in which the first ultrasonic pulse, the second ultrasonic pulse, and the third ultrasonic pulse are transmitted and received is not limited, and may be transmitted and received in any order, for example, first transmitting first. Ultrasonic pulse and receiving its echo, re-emitting the third ultrasonic pulse and receiving its echo, finally transmitting the second ultrasonic pulse and receiving its echo; or first transmitting the second ultrasonic pulse and receiving its echo, and then transmitting the first ultrasound Pulse and receive its echo, finally emit a third ultrasonic pulse and receive its echo, etc., no longer - enumerated.
  • the signal processing module 6 may be based on the received first ultrasonic echo signal, the second ultrasonic echo signal, and the third ultrasonic echo
  • the wave signal extracts the required echo signal component.
  • the echo signal component here may be an asymmetrical component and/or an even nonlinear component of a nonlinear fundamental component in the echo signal.
  • the amplitude weight of the third ultrasonic pulse is equal to the sum of the amplitude weights of the first ultrasonic pulse and the second ultrasonic pulse. Further, the direction of the amplitude weight of the third ultrasonic pulse may be the same as the direction of the sum of the amplitude weights of the first ultrasonic pulse and the second ultrasonic pulse, or may be reversed.
  • the amplitude weight of the third ultrasonic pulse is the same as the sum of the amplitude weights of the first ultrasonic pulse and the second ultrasonic pulse, and the direction is opposite.
  • the structural block diagram of the signal processing module 6 is as shown in FIG.
  • the signal processing module includes a first summation unit 20, a first downsampling unit 22, a second downsampling unit 24, a first cross stitching unit 26, and a first extracting unit 28.
  • the first ultrasonic echo signal and the second ultrasonic echo signal are input to the first summation unit 20, and the first summation unit 20 sums the first ultrasonic echo signal and the second ultrasonic echo signal to obtain a first operational signal.
  • the obtained first operational signal is sent to the first downsampling unit 22, and the first downsampling unit 22 downsamples the first operational signal to obtain a first operational downsampled signal.
  • the third ultrasonic echo signal is input to the second downsampling unit 24, and the second downsampling unit 24 downsamples the third ultrasonic echo signal to obtain a third ultrasonic echo downsampling signal.
  • the first operational downsampled signal and the third ultrasonic echo downsampled signal are input to the first cross stitching unit 26, and the first cross stitching unit 26 cross-splices the first operational downsampled signal and the third ultrasonic echo downsampled signal. , obtain the second operation signal.
  • the second operation signal is sent to the first extraction unit 28, and the first extraction unit 28 extracts the required echo signal component from the second operation signal, for example, the asymmetry of the nonlinear fundamental component contained in the ultrasonic echo signal. Component or quadratic nonlinear component.
  • the magnitude of the first ultrasonic echo is (1-a)
  • the amplitude of the second ultrasonic echo is a
  • the amplitude of the third ultrasonic echo is -1.
  • the sampling rate of the ultrasonic echo signals of the ultrasonic emission pulses is Fs.
  • the process is as follows:
  • the signal contains a linear fundamental component with an amplitude factor of one.
  • Sl(n) also includes a first ultrasonic pulse and a second ultrasonic pulse with amplitude weights of (1-a) and a
  • the resulting nonlinear fundamental wave has a magnitude proportional to w 3 X [a 3 + (1 - a) 3 ].
  • the curve L1 in the image (A) is a time-domain waveform diagram of the fundamental component in S1(n), and the curve L2 is a time-domain waveform diagram of the nonlinear fundamental component in S1(n). .
  • the downsampling process may be to take a value from each point in the Sl(n) signal as a value of Tl(n), for example:
  • 1, 2, 3, ..., ⁇ , ⁇ is the length of ⁇ 1( ⁇ ), which is the total number of data points of ⁇ 1( ⁇ ).
  • the first downsampling unit 22 may also perform some preprocessing on S1(n) before downsampling. For example, each point in S1(n) may be added to at least one adjacent point. Then, the sum obtained by the addition is replaced by the point, and then the value of each point of the preprocessed Sl(n) is taken as the value of Tl(n).
  • ⁇ 1( ⁇ ) can take:
  • T1(1) S1(1) + S1(2);
  • T1(2) S1(3) + S1(4);
  • Tl(n) Sl(2*n-l) + Sl(2*n);
  • 1, 2, 3, ..., ⁇ , ⁇ is the length of ⁇ 1( ⁇ ), which is the total number of data points of ⁇ 1( ⁇ ).
  • the curve L4 in Fig. 4(A) is a time-domain waveform diagram of the linear fundamental component of S2(n), and the curve L3 is a time-domain waveform diagram of the nonlinear fundamental component of S2(n).
  • T2(n) The same down-sampling process is performed on the S2(n) signal to obtain a third ultrasonic echo down-sampling signal with a sampling rate of Fs/2, denoted as T2(n).
  • a value is taken as a value of T2(n) at a time interval after delaying a point directly from the S2(n) signal, for example:
  • T2(n) S2(2n);
  • 1, 2, 3, ..., ⁇ , ⁇ is the length of ⁇ 2( ⁇ ), that is, the total number of data points of ⁇ 2( ⁇ ).
  • the second downsampling unit 24 may also perform some preprocessing on S2(n) before downsampling similarly to S1(n). For example, each point in the S2(n) may be phased. At least one point of the neighbor is added, then the sum obtained by the addition is replaced, and then the preprocessed S2(n) is delayed by one point and then taken as a value of T2(n). For example, ⁇ 2( ⁇ ) can take:
  • T2(1) S2(2) + S2(3);
  • T2(2) S2(4) + S2(5)
  • T2(n) S2(2n) + S2(2n+1);
  • N is the length of T2(n), which is the total number of data points of ⁇ 2( ⁇ ).
  • cross-splicing refers to crossing data points of two signals and splicing together to form a new signal.
  • the third ultrasonic echo downsampling The second operational signal obtained after the signal is cross-spliced with the first operational downsampled signal is ⁇ ( ⁇ ), then ⁇ ( ⁇ ) can be obtained as follows:
  • the second operation signal ⁇ 1(n) obtained by the cross stitching has an odd number from the first operation downsampling signal ⁇ 1( ⁇ ), and the even number is from the third ultrasonic echo downsampling signal ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ ).
  • a schematic diagram of the time domain waveform of the second operational signal obtained in one embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 4(B).
  • the obtained second operational signal ⁇ 1(n) includes both a linear fundamental component and a nonlinear fundamental component generated by a high-order term.
  • 4(C) and 4(D) are diagrams showing time-domain waveforms of a linear fundamental component and a nonlinear fundamental component in a second operational signal in an embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
  • the linear fundamental signals from Sl(n) and S2(n) contained in the second operational signal have the same amplitude but opposite polarities (180 degree phase difference).
  • the linear fundamental component is modulated from the original frequency position F0 to the Fs/2 F0 by the modulation frequency of the frequency Fs/2, as shown in FIG. 4(C);
  • the nonlinear fundamental component as shown in Fig.
  • 4(D) can be divided into two parts: one part is the symmetrical component of the amplitude factor a 3 + (la) 3 , and the other part is the amplitude factor l-[a 3 +( La) The asymmetrical component of 3 ].
  • the symmetrical components of the nonlinear fundamental wave are both S1(n) and S2(n), and the non-symmetric component is the difference between the nonlinear fundamental wave between S 1 (n) and S2(n), and the difference is 1 - [ a 3 + (1 - a) 3 ] is proportional.
  • FIG. 5(A) and 5(B) respectively show the symmetry component sum in the nonlinear fundamental component in one embodiment
  • Figure 5 (C) and Figure 5 (D) give the spectrum of the two.
  • the second operational signals (Tl(n) and ⁇ 2( ⁇ ) generated by Sl(n) and S2(n) are downsampled by S1(n) and S2(n), respectively.
  • the symmetrical component of the nonlinear fundamental wave obtained, so that the second operational signal can also be considered to be generated by S1(n) and S2(n), is modulated to both sides of Fs/2, and only the asymmetric component of the nonlinear fundamental is Retained at the original frequency position F0.
  • the linear fundamental wave and the symmetrical component of the nonlinear fundamental wave in the second operational signal are both modulated to both sides of the Fs/2, and the asymmetric component of the nonlinear fundamental wave is retained at the original frequency position F0. Furthermore, the even-order nonlinear components of the second operational signal are retained at the original frequency position. For example, the secondary non-linear component is retained at the original frequency position 2 F0.
  • the linear component of the operation signal obtained after the cross-splicing and the symmetric component of the odd-order nonlinear fundamental component are moved away from the original frequency position, and the even-order nonlinear component and the odd-order nonlinearity are
  • the asymmetrical component of the fundamental component, especially the nonlinear fundamental component produced by the third and higher order odd components in the contrast echo remains at the original frequency position.
  • the first ultrasonic pulse, the second ultrasonic pulse, and the third ultrasonic pulse do not need to be emitted in a manner of delayed emission from each other.
  • embodiments of the present invention can realize symmetric components and even nonlinear components of linear components and odd-order nonlinear fundamental components without transmitting a plurality of ultrasonic pulses in a manner of delayed transmission between each other. And the separation of the asymmetric components of the odd-order nonlinear fundamental components.
  • the linear fundamental wave and the symmetrical component of the nonlinear fundamental wave in the second operational signal are both modulated to both sides of Fs/2, that is, modulated to a higher frequency position, and the asymmetric component of the nonlinear fundamental wave is The quadratic nonlinear component is still retained at the original frequency position. Therefore, the symmetric fundamental components of the linear fundamental wave and the nonlinear fundamental wave in the second operational signal are separated from the asymmetric component and the secondary nonlinear component of the nonlinear fundamental wave in the frequency domain. At this time, the required signal component can be extracted from the second operation signal by the first extraction unit.
  • the first extraction unit may be a low pass filter.
  • the signal component extracted from the second operational signal may be an asymmetrical component of the nonlinear fundamental.
  • the second operational letter After passing through the low-pass filter, the linear fundamental wave and the nonlinear component of the nonlinear fundamental wave moved from the original frequency position F0 to (Fs/2) F0 are filtered by the low-pass filter, and the nonlinear fundamental wave is output.
  • the asymmetrical component of the component As shown in FIG. 6, FIG. 6(A) and FIG. 6(B) respectively show time domain waveforms of nonlinear fundamental wave components outputted by the second operation signal after being filtered by the low pass filter in one embodiment of the present invention. Schematic and spectrum diagram.
  • nonlinear components such as quadratic nonlinear components
  • quadratic nonlinear components may also be extracted from the second operational signal by the first extraction unit.
  • the extracted signal components can be used to generate an image of the target region.
  • a method of generating an image of a target area based on these signal components can use a method commonly used in the industry, and will not be described herein.
  • the amplitude weight of the third ultrasonic pulse is opposite to the sum of the amplitude weights of the first ultrasonic pulse and the second ultrasonic pulse. In other embodiments, the amplitude weight of the third ultrasonic pulse may also be the same as the sum of the amplitude weights of the first ultrasonic pulse and the second ultrasonic pulse.
  • the third ultrasonic echo signal may be first inverted, that is, an inverter is added before the second downsampling unit 24 in the foregoing embodiment. , as shown in Figure 7.
  • Other structures and processing methods in this embodiment may be the same as or similar to the foregoing embodiments, and details are not described herein again.
  • the process of the ultrasonic imaging shown in FIG. 2 may further include: the transmitting/receiving selection switch 3 is switched to the transmitting mode, and the transmitting circuit 2 transmits the fourth ultrasonic pulse through the probe 1;
  • the transmitting/receiving selection switch 3 is switched to the receiving mode, and the receiving circuit 4 receives the ultrasonic echo reflected from the target area through the probe 1 to obtain a fourth ultrasonic echo signal;
  • the amplitude weight of the third ultrasonic pulse is equal to the sum of the amplitude weights of the first ultrasonic pulse and the second ultrasonic pulse, and the direction is opposite; the amplitude weight of the fourth ultrasonic pulse and the first ultrasonic pulse The sum of the amplitude weights of the punch and the second ultrasonic pulse is large, equal, and the same direction.
  • the signal processing module 6 extracts the required echo signal component based on the received first ultrasonic echo signal, the second ultrasonic echo signal, the third ultrasonic echo signal and the fourth ultrasonic echo signal, and then the signal processing module 7 Generate an ultrasound image of the target area based on the extracted echo signal component.
  • the signal processing module includes, in addition to the first summation unit 20, the first downsampling unit 22, the second downsampling unit 24, the first cross stitching unit 26, and the first extracting unit 28.
  • an inverter 30, a third downsampling unit 32, a second cross splicing unit 34, and a second summing unit 36 are also included.
  • the processing process of the signal processing module may include:
  • the first ultrasonic echo signal and the second ultrasonic echo signal are input to the first summation unit 20, and the first summation unit 20 sums the first ultrasonic echo signal and the second ultrasonic echo signal to obtain a first operational signal.
  • the obtained first operation signal is sent to the first downsampling unit 22, and the first downsampling unit 22 downsamples the first operation signal to obtain a first operation downsampling signal;
  • the third ultrasonic echo signal is input to the second downsampling unit 24, and the second downsampling unit 24 downsamples the third ultrasonic echo signal to obtain a third ultrasonic echo downsampling signal;
  • the fourth ultrasonic echo signal is input to the inverter 30, and the inverter 30 inverts the fourth ultrasonic echo signal to obtain a fourth ultrasonic echo inversion signal, and then input to the third downsampling unit 32, and the third downsampling unit. 32 down-sampling the fourth ultrasonic echo signal after the inversion, obtaining a fourth ultrasonic echo to counter-downsampled signal;
  • the first operational downsampled signal and the third ultrasonic echo downsampled signal are input to the first cross stitching unit 26, and the first cross stitching unit 26 cross-splices the first operational downsampled signal and the third ultrasonic echo downsampled signal. , obtain the second operation signal.
  • the first operation downsampling signal and the fourth ultrasonic echo inversion downsampling signal are input to the second cross stitching unit 34, and the second cross stitching unit 34 performs the first operation downsampling signal and the fourth ultrasonic echo inversion downsampling signal.
  • Cross stitching to obtain a third operation signal;
  • the obtained second operation signal and the third operation signal are input to the second summation unit 36, the second summation list
  • the element 36 sums the second operation signal and the third operation signal to obtain a fourth operation signal; the obtained fourth operation signal is sent to the first extraction unit 28, and the first extraction unit 28 extracts the required from the fourth operation signal.
  • the echo signal component such as the nonlinear fundamental component or the quadratic nonlinear component contained in the ultrasonic echo signal.
  • the method for performing cross-splicing of the four ultrasonic echoes to invert the downsampled signal and the method of cross-splicing the first operational downsampled signal and the third ultrasonic echo downsampled signal may be the same as or similar to the corresponding method in the foregoing embodiment. No longer.
  • the method of extracting the desired signal component from the fourth operational signal may be a low pass filtering method, and the first extraction unit 28 may be a low pass filter.
  • the fourth ultrasonic echo signal is S3(n), which is inverted, and -S3(n) is obtained, and then the same processing as S2(n) is performed.
  • the fourth ultrasonic echo counter-downsampled signal is T3(n), and in one embodiment, the value of T3(n) is taken every time interval after delaying one point in the -S3(n) signal.
  • 1, 2, 3, ..., ⁇ , ⁇ is the length of ⁇ 3( ⁇ ), that is, the total number of data points of ⁇ 3( ⁇ ).
  • the third downsampling unit 32 may also perform some pre-processing on -S3(n) before downsampling similarly to S1(n), for example, each of -S3(n) may be The points are added to at least one adjacent point, and then the sum obtained by the addition is replaced by the point, and then the preprocessed -S3(n) is delayed by one point and the value is taken as T3 (n).
  • T3 (n) The value of ).
  • ⁇ 3( ⁇ ) can take:
  • N is the length of T2(n), which is the total number of data points of T2(n).
  • the symmetric components of the linear fundamental wave and the nonlinear fundamental wave are modulated to both sides of the Fs/2, that is, modulated to a higher frequency position,
  • the asymmetric component and the quadratic nonlinear component of the nonlinear fundamental wave are still preserved at the original frequency position.
  • the required components are extracted by the first extraction unit 28, since the signals in the second operation signal and the third operation signal are correlated, and the noise therein is irrelevant. Therefore, the summation of the second operation signal and the third operation signal and then extracting the required signal component can further improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the extracted signal component.
  • the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 8 may further include a fourth downsampling unit 38, a third cross stitching unit 40, and a second extracting unit 50.
  • the value of each point is delayed as a third ultrasonic echo after delaying one point from the third ultrasonic echo signal S2(n) or the preprocessed third ultrasonic echo signal.
  • the fourth ultrasonic echo signal S3(n) also passes through the fourth downsampling unit 38, and the fourth downsampling unit 38 performs the fourth ultrasonic echo signal S3(n) or the fourth ultrasonic echo signal.
  • the value of each point after the pre-processing as in the pre-processing described above is taken as the value of the fourth ultrasonic echo down-sampling signal T4(n).
  • the specific downsampling and pre-processing procedures are the same as or similar to the foregoing embodiments, and are not described herein again.
  • the third ultrasonic echo downsampling signal ⁇ 2( ⁇ ) and the fourth ultrasonic echo downsampling signal ⁇ 4( ⁇ ) are cross-spliced in the third cross splicing unit 40, and the specific cross splicing method and process and the foregoing implementations
  • the cross-splicing method and process in the example are the same or similar, and are not described herein again.
  • a fifth operational signal is obtained, denoted as ⁇ 3( ⁇ ).
  • the fifth operation signal ⁇ 3(n) is cross-sampled by the third ultrasonic echo signal S2(n) (the amplitude weight is, for example, -1) and the fourth ultrasonic echo signal S3(n) (the amplitude weight is, for example, 1) Stitched and obtained.
  • S2(n) and S3(n) contain both a fundamental component and a quadratic nonlinear component. As shown in Figures 10(A) and (B), the fundamental and quadratic nonlinear components in S2(n) and S3(n) in one embodiment are shown, respectively. Time domain waveform diagram.
  • the linear fundamental components in S2(n) and S3(n) have the same amplitude but opposite polarities (180 degrees difference); and the second nonlinear components have the same phase.
  • FIG. 10(C) and (D) wherein FIG. 10(C) is a time-domain waveform diagram of X3(n) in one embodiment, and (D) is a spectrum of X3(n) in one embodiment.
  • schematic diagram As shown in FIG. 11, (A) and (C) are respectively a time-domain waveform diagram and a spectrum diagram of the linear fundamental component in X3(n), and (B) and (D) are respectively in X3(n). A schematic diagram of the time domain waveform and a spectrum of the quadratic nonlinear component.
  • the linear fundamental component is modulated from F0 to (Fs/2) F0, and
  • the secondary nonlinear component remains in the frequency domain at the original position 2F0.
  • the fifth operational signal passes through the second extraction unit 50, and the secondary nonlinear component therein can be extracted.
  • the second extraction unit 50 can be a low pass filter.
  • the third ultrasonic pulse having the amplitude weights of -1 and 1 and the corresponding echo signals of the fourth ultrasonic pulse are obtained by cross stitching.
  • the fifth operation signal can increase the intensity of the quadratic nonlinear component in the fifth operation signal, which is more conducive to the subsequent extraction of the second nonlinear component.
  • the third ultrasonic echo downsampling signal obtained by the second downsampling unit 24 delaying the third ultrasonic echo signal by one point and down sampling is directly used.
  • the downsampling process of the third ultrasonic echo signal may not be completed by the second downsampling unit 24, but may be additionally performed by the fifth downsampling unit 52, as shown in FIG.
  • the fifth downsampling unit 52 may downsample the third ultrasonic echo signal, and the fourth downsampling unit 38 delays the fourth ultrasonic echo signal by one point and then downsamples; or may be the fourth downsampling
  • the unit 38 downsamples the fourth ultrasonic echo signal, and the fifth downsampling unit 52 delays the third ultrasonic echo signal by one point and then downsamples.
  • the obtained third ultrasonic echo downsampling signal and the fourth echo downsampled signal are cross-spliced by the third cross stitching unit 40 to obtain a fifth operation signal, and then the second extracting unit 50 extracts the second operation signal from the second operation signal.
  • Nonlinear component is the third cross stitching unit 40 to obtain a fifth operation signal.
  • the fourth operation signal and the fifth operation signal may not be respectively extracted by the respective extraction unit, but input to the third summation unit 56, and the third The summing unit 56 sums the fourth operational signal and the fifth operational signal to obtain a sixth operational signal.
  • the first extraction unit 28 then extracts the desired signal component from the sixth operational signal.
  • 14(B) is the frequency spectrum diagram of the sixth operational signal in 14(A).
  • the sixth operational signal includes a linear fundamental component, a nonlinear fundamental component, and a quadratic nonlinear component.
  • the asymmetric component of the nonlinear fundamental wave in the frequency domain is located at the frequency position F0
  • the quadratic nonlinear component is located at the frequency position 2F0
  • the symmetrical component of the nonlinear fundamental wave is The linear fundamental component is modulated to the frequency position Fs/2 F0.
  • the echoes of the ultrasonic pulses having different amplitudes and phases (or polarities) are processed and the echo signals are modulated, so that the linear components and the odd-order nonlinear components in the modulated signals are symmetric.
  • the component is separated from the original frequency position, and the even nonlinear component (such as the quadratic nonlinear component) and the asymmetric component of the odd nonlinear component, especially the third and higher order odd components in the contrast echo are generated.
  • the nonlinear fundamental wave still remains at the original frequency position, so that it is necessary to transmit multiple ultrasonic pulses in the manner of delayed transmission between each other, so that the even nonlinear component and the odd nonlinearity in the ultrasonic echo signal can be made.
  • the asymmetrical component of the linear component is separated from the symmetric component of the linear component and the odd-order nonlinear component, and the asymmetric component and/or the even-order nonlinear component of the odd-order nonlinear component can be conveniently extracted from the ultrasonic echo signal. For subsequent imaging procedures, such as contrast imaging.
  • embodiments of the present invention can realize symmetric components and even nonlinearities of linear components and odd-order nonlinear components without transmitting a plurality of ultrasonic pulses in a manner of delayed transmission between each other.
  • the asymmetric components of the components and the odd-order nonlinear components avoid the control process of controlling the transmission of multiple ultrasonic pulses in a manner that is delayed from each other.

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Abstract

一种对目标区域进行超声成像的方法及装置,其中该方法包括:发射第一超声脉冲并接收第一超声回波信号;发射第二超声脉冲并接收第二超声回波信号;发射第三超声脉冲并接收第三超声回波信号;根据第一超声回波信号、第二超声回波信号和第三超声回波信号提取回波信号分量;根据回波信号分量生成目标区域的超声图像;其中,第三超声脉冲的幅度权重与第一超声脉冲和第二超声脉冲的幅度权重之和大小相等。所述方法对多个超声回波信号进行处理并调制,从而使得超声回波信号中偶次非线性分量和奇次非线性分量的非对称分量与线性分量和奇次非线性分量的对称分量分离,并可以方便地从超声回波信号中提取出奇次非线性分量的非对称分量和/或偶次非线性分量。

Description

说明书
发明名称: 一种超声成像的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明设计医用超声成像领域, 尤其是涉及一种对目标区域进行超声成 像的方法和装置。
背景技术
在医用超声成像系统中, 通常由发射电路向人体内发射超声脉沖, 利用 超声波在人体组织界面处的反射, 通过接收和处理载有人体组织特征信息的 回波, 获得人体组织的可见超声图像。
超声成像中, 由于混响的存在和分辨力的限制, 超声图像对于弱边界和 小血管有时显示模糊甚至无法显示。 在造影剂成像中, 造影剂与周围组织的 声阻抗差异大, 可改变声波在组织间的吸收、 反射、 散射和折射, 从而使所 在部位的回声信号增强, 增加图像的对比分辨力。 此外, 造影剂微泡具有显 著的非线性特征, 在超声脉沖的激励下, 伸缩和扩张的程度不同, 导致其反 射的超声回波不仅包括与原超声脉沖相对应的线性分量, 而且还包括非线性 分量。 经过含造影剂的人体组织反射的超声回波中, 线性分量既包含组织的 线性成分又包含造影剂的线性成分, 检测处理基波线性分量形成的超声图像 对比分辨率不高, 无法清晰呈现造影剂在微血管和组织的灌注情况, 影响临 床的鉴别诊断。 因此, 超声造影成像中需要检测超声回波信号中的非线性分 量。
发明内容 本发明提供一种能够很好地分离超声回波信号中的线性分量和非线性分 量, 并能够方便地从超声回波信号中提取出非线性分量的方法和装置。
本发明实施例公开的技术方案包括:
提供了一种对目标区域进行超声成像的方法, 其特征在于, 包括: 向目 标区域发射第一超声脉沖; 接收从所述目标区域反射的所述第一超声脉沖的 超声回波, 获得第一超声回波信号; 向所述目标区域发射第二超声脉沖; 接 收从所述目标区域反射的所述第二超声脉沖的超声回波, 获得第二超声回波 信号; 向所述目标区域发射第三超声脉沖; 接收从所述目标区域反射的所述 第三超声脉沖的超声回波, 获得第三超声回波信号; 根据所述第一超声回波 信号、 所述第二超声回波信号和所述第三超声回波信号提取回波信号分量; 根据所述回波信号分量生成所述目标区域的超声图像; 其中, 所述第三超声 脉沖的幅度权重与所述第一超声脉沖和所述第二超声脉沖的幅度权重之和大 小相等。
本发明实施例还提供了一种对目标区域进行超声成像的装置, 其特征在 于, 包括: 探头; 发射电路, 所述发射电路通过所述探头向目标区域分别发 射第一超声脉沖、 第二超声脉沖和第三超声脉沖; 接收电路, 所述接收电路 通过所述探头分别接收所述第一超声脉沖的超声回波, 获得第一超声回波信 号; 接收所述第二超声脉沖的超声回波, 获得第二超声回波信号; 接收所述 第三超声脉沖的超声回波, 获得第三超声回波信号; 信号处理模块, 所述信 号处理模块根据所述第一超声回波信号、 所述第二超声回波信号和所述第三 超声回波信号提取回波信号分量; 图像处理模块, 所述图像处理模块根据所 述回波信号分量生成所述目标区域的图像; 其中, 所述第三超声脉沖的幅度 权重与所述第一超声脉沖和所述第二超声脉沖的幅度权重之和大'■!、相等。
本发明实施例中,对多个幅度以及相位 (或极性)不同的超声脉沖的回波进 行处理并调制回波信号, 从而使调制后的信号中的线性分量和奇次非线性基 波分量的对称分量被 离原来的频率位置, 而偶次非线性分量 (例如二次非 线性分量)和奇次非线性分量的非对称分量, 尤其是造影剂回波中的三次和 更高阶奇次成分产生的非线性基波分量, 仍保留在原来的频率位置, 从而在 不需要按照相互之间延时发射的方式发射多个超声脉沖的情况下, 即可使得 超声回波信号中偶次非线性分量和奇次非线性分量的非对称分量与线性分量 和奇次非线性分量的对称分量分离, 并可以很方便地从超声回波信号中提取 出奇次非线性分量的非对称分量和 /或偶次非线性分量用于后续的成像过程, 比如造影成像。 并且本发明的实施例在不需要按照相互之间延时发射的方式 发射多个超声脉沖的情况下, 即可实现线性分量和奇次非线性分量的对称分 量与偶次非线性分量和奇次非线性分量的非对称分量, 避免了控制多个超声 脉沖按照相互之间延时发射的方式发射的控制过程。 附图说明
图 1为本发明一个实施例的对目标区域进行超声成像的装置的框图; 图 为本发明一个实施例的对目标区域进行超声成像的方法的流程图; 图 3为本发明一个实施例的信号处理装置的框图;
图 4 为本发明一个实施例的第一操作信号、 第三超声回波信号和第二操 作信号及其中的回波信号分量的时域波形示意图;
图 5 为本发明一个实施例的非线性基波分量中对称分量和非对称分量的 时域波形示意图和频谱示意图;
图 6 为本发明一个实施例的第二操作信号经过低通滤波器滤波后输出的 非线性基波分量的时域波形示意图和频谱示意图;
图 7为本发明另一个实施例的信号处理装置的框图;
图 8为本发明再一个实施例的信号处理装置的框图;
图 9为本发明又一个实施例的信号处理装置的框图;
图 10为本发明一个实施例的第三超声回波信号、 第四超声回波信号和第 五操作信号的时域波形示意图和频谱示意图;
图 11为本发明一个实施例的第五操作信号中的线性基波分量和二次非线 性分量的时域波形示意图和频谱示意图; 图 12为本发明又一个实施例的信号处理装置的框图;
图 13为本发明又一个实施例的信号处理装置的框图;
图 14为本发明一个实施例的第六操作信号的时域波形示意图和频谱示意
具体实施方式 如图 1 所示, 本发明实施例的对目标区域进行超声成像的装置包括: 探 头 1、 发射电路 2、 发射 /接收选择开关 3、 接收电路 4、 波束合成模块 5、 信 号处理模块 6、 图像处理模块 7和显示器 8。
发射电路 2将经过延迟聚焦的具有一定幅度和极性的超声脉沖通过发射 / 接收选择开关 3发送到探头 1。探头 1受超声脉沖的激励, 向受测机体组织的 目标区域(图中未示出)发射超声波, 经一定延时后接收从目标区域反射回 来的带有组织信息的超声回波, 并将此超声回波重新转换为电信号。 接收电 收探头 1 转换生成的电信号, 获得超声回波信号, 并将这些超声回波信 号送入波束合成模块 5。 波束合成模块 5对超声回波信号进行聚焦延时、加权 和通道求和等处理, 然后将超声回波信号送入信号处理模块 6进行相关的信 号处理。
经过信号处理模块 6处理的超声回波信号送入图像处理模块 7。图像处理 模块 7根据用户所需成像模式的不同, 对信号进行不同的处理, 获得不同模 式的图像数据, 然后经对数压缩、 动态范围调整、 数字扫描变换等处理形成 不同模式的超声图像, 如 B图像, C图像, D图像等等。
图像处理模块 7生成的超声图像送入显示器 8进行显示。
本发明一个实施例中,对目标区域进行超声成像的装置的工作过程如图 2 所示。
发射 /接收选择开关 3切换为发射模式, 发射电路 2通过探头 1发射第一 超声脉沖; 发射 /接收选择开关 3切换为接收模式, 接收电路 4通过探头 1接收目标 区域反射回来的超声回波, 获得第一超声回波信号; 发射 /接收选择开关 3切换为发射模式, 发射电路 2通过探头 1发射第二 超声脉沖;
发射 /接收选择开关 3切换为接收模式, 接收电路 4通过探头 1接收目标 区域反射回来的超声回波, 获得第二超声回波信号;
发射 /接收选择开关 3切换为发射模式, 发射电路 2通过探头 1发射第三 超声脉沖;
发射 /接收选择开关 3切换为接收模式, 接收电路 4通过探头 1接收目标 区域反射回来的超声回波, 获得第三超声回波信号;
然后, 信号处理模块 6根据获得的第一超声回波信号、 第二超声回波信 号和第三超声回波信号提取出所需要的回波信号分量(下文详述), 然后图像 处理模块根据提取出的回波信号分量生成目标区域的超声图像。
在发射过程中, 第一超声脉沖、 第二超声脉沖和第三超声脉沖 (称为发 射脉沖) 均具有各的自幅度和极性。 例如, 第 k个发射脉沖可以表示为:
fk (t) = akA(t)cos(ffit)
其中 ^^表示发射脉沖的包络, ^表示载波频率, 即表示第 k个发 射脉沖的幅度及极性, 其中 的绝对值表示发射脉沖的幅度, 的符号 (即 正负)表示发射脉沖的极性。
发射超声脉沖时,发射电路 2可以控制发射脉沖的幅度和极性,即控制 的取值。 本文中, 称 为超声脉沖的幅度权重, 其绝对值为幅度权重的大小, 其符号为幅度权重的方向。
对幅度权重的方向的控制可以通过控制发射脉沖的正负极性来实现, 而 控制各发射脉沖的幅度权重的大小或各发射脉沖之间幅度权重的大小差异可 以通过多种方式实现。 例如:
1、 各发射脉沖的孔径不变, 调整各发射脉沖的激励电压, 使各激励电压 的幅度权重与发射脉沖的幅度权重绝对值相等;
2、 各发射脉沖的激励电压不变, 调整各脉沖发射孔径中阵元的数目。 例 如, 记权重为 a的脉沖发射孔径中阵元数为 M, 权重为(1-a)的脉沖发射孔径 中阵元数为 N, 则权重为 1的脉沖发射孔径中阵元数为 (M+N);
3、 各发射脉沖的激励电压不同, 发射孔径也不同, 两者结合使得各发射 脉沖幅度不同。
当然, 也可以用其它适宜的方法实现, 本发明不限于前述的这些具体的 实现方式。
发射的超声脉沖被目标区域内的组织介质反射的超声回波信号同时包含 线性基波分量和高次非线性分量。 超声回波信号可以表示为:
yk ( =∑w1 [ fk (t)]1
i=l
= W!akA(t)cos(iyt) + w2a^ A2 (t)cos2 (iyt) + w3a^ A3 (t)cos3 (iyt) H—
超声回波信号中, WAA^ COS^)分量称为线性基波分量, w2ak 2A2(t)cos2(iyt) 分量称为二次非线性分量, w^A^O co^wt)分量称为三次非线性分量, 依次类 推, 还包括四次非线性分量、 五次非线性分量等等非线性分量, 可以统称为 高次非线性分量。
其中 W为超声回波信号中线性基波分量及各高次非线性分量的系数, i = 1. 2, 3,…。
所以, 第 k 个超声脉沖的超声回波信号中线性基波分量的幅度因子为
WA ,二次非线性分量的幅度因子为 w 2 a k 2 ,三次非线性分量的幅度因子为 w3 以此类推。
根据三角公式
3 1
cos (ύΑ) =— cos(ft>t) +— cos(3it>t)
4 4 超声回波信号中的三次非线性分量中, 75%的能量会以基波 cos ( )的形式 出现, 称之为非线性基波分量, 25%的能量以三次谐波分量 cos(3 )的形式出 现。 而在频域中, 三次谐波分量已经位于超声探头的通带以外, 而非线性基 波分量则在探头的通带内。 本发明实施例中, 通过本发明实施例的方法和装置, 可以提取出超声回 波信号中的这种非线性基波分量和 /或偶次非线性分量(下文详述)。
本实施例中, 发射超声脉沖时, 发射电路 2控制第一超声脉沖、 第二超 声脉沖和第三超声脉沖的幅度权重。 一个实施例中, 可以控制使得第三超声 脉沖的幅度权重与第一超声脉沖和第二超声脉沖的幅度权重之和大小相等。
例如, 一个实施例中, 可以使第一超声脉沖的幅度权重为 a, 第二超声脉 沖的幅度权重为 (1-a ), 第三超声脉沖的幅度权重为 -1 , 其中 0<a<l ; 或者 第一超声脉沖的幅度权重为 ( 1-a ), 第二超声脉沖的幅度权重为 a, 第三 超声脉沖的幅度权重为 -1 , 其中 0<a<l。
为方便描述, 这里以归一化的幅度权重进行了说明。 本领域技术人员均 了解归一化的概念, 在此不再赘述。
本领域技术人员容易理解, 本发明实施例中, 其中第一超声脉沖、 第二 超声脉沖和第三超声脉沖的发射并接收的顺序没有限制, 可以以任何次序发 射并接收, 例如先发射第一超声脉沖并接收其回波、 再发射第三超声脉沖并 接收其回波、 最后发射第二超声脉沖并接收其回波; 或者先发射第二超声脉 沖并接收其回波、 再发射第一超声脉沖并接收其回波、 最后发射第三超声脉 沖并接收其回波等等, 在此不再——列举。
获得第一超声回波信号、 第二超声回波信号和第三超声回波信号后, 信 号处理模块 6 可以基于接收到的第一超声回波信号、 第二超声回波信号和第 三超声回波信号提取出所需要的回波信号分量。 这里的回波信号分量可以是 回波信号中的非线性基波分量的非对称分量和 /或偶次非线性分量。
如前文所述, 第三超声脉沖的幅度权重与第一超声脉沖和第二超声脉沖 的幅度权重之和大小相等。 此外, 第三超声脉沖的幅度权重的方向可以与第 一超声脉沖和第二超声脉沖的幅度权重之和的方向相同, 也可以相反。
一个实施例中, 第三超声脉沖的幅度权重与第一超声脉沖和第二超声脉 沖的幅度权重之和大小相同, 方向相反。 此时, 信号处理模块 6的结构框图如图 3所示。 本实施例中, 信号处理 模块包括第一求和单元 20、 第一降采样单元 22、 第二降采样单元 24、 第一交 叉拼接单元 26和第一提取单元 28。
第一超声回波信号和第二超声回波信号输入第一求和单元 20, 第一求和 单元 20对第一超声回波信号和第二超声回波信号求和, 获得第一操作信号。 获得的第一操作信号送入第一降采样单元 22,第一降采样单元 22对第一操作 信号进行降采样, 获得第一操作降采样信号。
第三超声回波信号输入第二降采样单元 24,第二降采样单元 24对第三超 声回波信号进行降采样, 获得第三超声回波降采样信号。
然后, 第一操作降采样信号和第三超声回波降采样信号输入第一交叉拼 接单元 26,第一交叉拼接单元 26对第一操作降采样信号和第三超声回波降采 样信号进行交叉拼接, 获得第二操作信号。 第二操作信号送入第一提取单元 28, 第一提取单元 28从该第二操作信号中提取出所需要的回波信号分量, 例 如超声回波信号中所包含的非线性基波分量的非对称分量或二次非线性分 量。
下面以第一超声回波的幅度权重为( 1-a ),第二超声回波的幅度权重为 a, 第三超声回波的幅度权重为 -1为例进行具体说明。
设超声发射脉沖的超声回波信号的采样率均为 Fs。 一个实施例中, 处理 过程如下:
(1)将第一超声回波信号和第二超声回波信号求和, 获得第一操作信号; 首先对幅度权重为(1-a)的第一超声脉沖的第一超声回波信号波和幅度权 重为 a 的第二超声脉沖的第二超声回波信号波求和, 生成的第一操作信号记 为 Sl(n)。 根据
a + (1- a) = 1
因此, 该信号包含幅度因子为 1的线性基波分量。
Sl(n)中还包含由幅度权重为(1-a)和 a的第一超声脉沖和第二超声脉沖产 生的非线性基波, 其幅度与 w3 X [a3 + (1 - a)3 ]成正比。
如图 4所示, 其中图像 (A)中的曲线 L1为 Sl(n)中的基波分量的时域波形 示意图, 曲线 L2为 Sl(n)中的非线性基波分量的时域波形示意图。
(2)对第一操作信号进行降采样处理, 获得第一操作降采样信号; 然后对 Sl(n)信号进行降采样处理,得到采样率为 Fs/2的第一操作降采样 信号。 记降采样处理后获得的第一操作降采样信号为 Tl(n)。
一个实施例中, 降采样处理可以是直接从 Sl(n)信号中每间隔一个点取值 作为 Tl(n)的值, 例如: 取
T1(1) = S1(1);
T1(2) = S1(3);
Tl(n) = Sl(2*n-l);
其中 η = 1, 2, 3, ..., Ν, Ν为 Τ1(η)的长度, 即 Τ1(η)的总数据点数。
另一个实施例中,第一降采样单元 22也可以在降采样之前先对 Sl(n)做一 些预处理, 例如, 可以将 Sl(n)中每个点与相邻的至少一个点相加, 然后将相 加得到的和替换该点, 然后再对预处理过的 Sl(n) 每间隔一个点取值作为 Tl(n)的值。 例如, 也就是 Τ1(η)可以取:
T1(1) = S1(1) + S1(2);
T1(2) = S1(3) + S1(4);
Tl(n) = Sl(2*n-l) + Sl(2*n);
其中 η = 1, 2, 3, ..., Ν, Ν为 Τ1(η)的长度, 即 Τ1(η)的总数据点数。
(3) 对第三超声回波信号进行降采样处理, 获得第三超声回波降采样信 将幅度权重为 -1的第三超声脉沖的第三超声回波信号记为 S2(n), 该信号 包含幅度因子为 -1的线性基波分量, 以及与幅度因子
w3 X (一 I)3 = _w3
成正比的非线性基波分量。 图 4(A)中的曲线 L4为 S2(n)的线性基波分量 的时域波形示意图, 曲线 L3为 S2(n)的非线性基波分量的时域波形示意图。
对 S2(n)信号进行同样的降采样处理,得到采样率为 Fs/2的第三超声回波 降采样信号, 记为 T2(n)。
例如, 一个实施例中, 直接从 S2(n)信号中延时一个点后每间隔一个点取 值作为 T2(n)的值, 例如: 取
T2(1) = S2(2);
T2(2) = S2(4);
T2(n) = S2(2n);
其中 η = 1, 2, 3, ..., Ν, Ν为 Τ2(η)的长度, 即 Τ2(η)的总数据点数。
另一个实施例中,第二降采样单元 24也可以与 Sl(n)类似地在降采样之前 先对 S2(n)做一些预处理, 例如, 可以将 S2(n)中每个点与相邻的至少一个点 相加, 然后将相加得到的和替换该点, 然后再对预处理过的 S2(n) 延时一个 点后每间隔一个点取值作为 T2(n)的值。 例如, 也就是 Τ2(η)可以取:
T2(1) = S2(2) + S2(3);
T2(2) = S2(4) + S2(5);
T2(n) = S2(2n) + S2(2n+1);
其中 n = l, 2, 3, ..., N, N为 T2(n)的长度, 即 Τ2(η)的总数据点数。
(4)将第三超声回波降采样信号与第一操作降采样信号交叉拼接, 获得第 二操作信号;
本发明实施例中, "交叉拼接" 是指将两个信号的数据点相互交叉并拼 接到一起构成一个新的信号。 例如, 一个实施例中, 记第三超声回波降采样 信号与第一操作降采样信号交叉拼接后获得的第二操作信号为 χΐ(η),则 χΐ(η) 可以按照如下方式获得:
X1(1) = T1(1);
Xl(2) = T2(l);
X1(3) = T1(2);
XI (4) = T2(2);
Xl(2n-l) =Tl(n);
XI (2n) =T2(n);
其中 n = 1, 2, 3, ..., Ν, N为 Tl(n)和 T2(n)的长度, 即 Tl(n) 和 Τ2(η)中的 每个的总数据点数。
可见, 交叉拼接获得的第二操作信号 Χ1(η)的序号为奇数的点来自于第一 操作降采样信号 Τ1(η) , 序号为偶数的点来自于第三超声回波降采样信号 Τ2(η)。 本发明一个实施例中获得的第二操作信号的时域波形示意图如图 4(B) 所示。
获得的第二操作信号 Χ1(η)中, 既包含线性基波分量又包含高次项产生的 非线性基波分量。 图 4(C)和图 4(D)分别给出了本发明一个实施例中的第二操 作信号中的线性基波分量和非线性基波分量的时域波形示意图。 第二操作信 号中包含的来自 Sl(n)和 S2(n)的线性基波信号具有相同的幅度, 但具有相反 的极性 (180度相位差)。 交叉拼接后获得的第二操作信号中, 线性基波分量被 频率为 Fs/2的调制频率从原来的频率位置 F0处调制到 Fs/2士 F0处,如图 4(C) 所示; 而非线性基波分量, 如图 4(D)所示, 则可分为两部分: 一部分为幅度 因子为 a3 + (l-a)3的对称分量, 另一部分为幅度因子 l-[a3 +(l-a)3]的非对称分 量。非线性基波的对称分量在 Sl(n)和 S2(n)均有, 而非对称分量是非线性基波 在 S 1 (n)和 S2(n)之间的差异, 其差异与 1 - [a3 + (1 - a)3 ]成正比。
图 5(A)和图 5(B)分别给出一个实施例中的非线性基波分量中对称分量和 非对称分量的时域波形示意图。 图 5(C)和图 5(D)分别给出了两者的频谱。 从 图 5(C)中可以看出, 由 Sl(n)和 S2(n)产生的第二操作信号 ( Tl(n) 和 Τ2(η)分 别由 Sl(n)和 S2(n)降采样获得, 因此第二操作信号也可以认为是由 Sl(n)和 S2(n)产生的) 的非线性基波的对称分量被调制到了 Fs/2两边, 只有非线性基 波的非对称分量被保留在原来频率位置 F0。
因此, 第二操作信号中的线性基波和非线性基波的对称分量都被调制到 了 Fs/2两边, 非线性基波的非对称分量被保留在原来频率位置 F0。 此外, 第 二操作信号中的偶次非线性分量被保留在原来的频率位置。 例如, 二次非线 性分量被保留在原来的频率位置 2 F0处。 实际上, 本发明实施例中, 交叉拼 接后获得的操作信号中的线性分量和奇次非线性基波分量的对称分量被搬离 原来的频率位置, 而偶次非线性分量和奇次非线性基波分量的非对称分量, 尤其是造影剂回波中的三次和更高阶奇次成分产生的非线性基波分量, 仍保 留在原来的频率位置。 本发明实施例中, 第一超声脉沖、 第二超声脉沖和第 三超声脉沖并不需要按照相互之间延时发射的方式发射。 因此, 本发明的实 施例在不需要按照相互之间延时发射的方式发射多个超声脉沖的情况下, 即 可实现线性分量和奇次非线性基波分量的对称分量与偶次非线性分量和奇次 非线性基波分量的非对称分量的相互分离。
(5)从第二操作信号中提取所需要的信号分量;
如前文所述, 第二操作信号中的线性基波和非线性基波的对称分量都被 调制到了 Fs/2两边, 即调制到了较高的频率位置, 而非线性基波的非对称分 量和二次非线性分量仍然被保留在原来的频率位置处。 因此, 第二操作信号 中的线性基波和非线性基波的对称分量被与非线性基波的非对称分量和二次 非线性分量在频域中分离。 此时, 通过第一提取单元即可从第二操作信号中 提取出所需要的信号分量。
例如, 一个实施例中, 第一提取单元可以为低通滤波器。 从第二操作信 号中提取出的信号分量可以是非线性基波的非对称分量。 例如, 第二操作信 号经过低通滤波器后, 被从原来频率位置 F0移到 (Fs/2) 士 F0的线性基波和非 线性基波的对称分量会被低通滤波器滤除, 而输出非线性基波分量的非对称 分量。 如图 6所示, 图 6(A)和图 6(B)分别给出了本发明一个实施例中的第二 操作信号经过低通滤波器滤波后输出的非线性基波分量的时域波形示意图和 频谱示意图。
当然, 本发明一个实施例中, 通过第一提取单元也可以从第二操作信号 中提取出偶次非线性分量, 比如二次非线性分量。
(6)根据提取出的信号分量生成目标区域的图像;
提取出所需的信号分量比如非线性基波分量的非对称分量和 /或二次非线 性分量后, 即可用这些提取出的信号分量来生成目标区域的图像。 根据这些 信号分量生成目标区域的图像的方法可以使用业内常用的方法, 在此不再赘 述。
前述各实施例中, 第三超声脉沖的幅度权重与第一超声脉沖和第二超声 脉沖的幅度权重之和方向相反。 其它的实施例中, 第三超声脉沖的幅度权重 也可以与第一超声脉沖和第二超声脉沖的幅度权重之和方向相同。 此时, 在 对第三超声回波信号进行降采样处理之前, 可以首先对第三超声回波信号进 行取反处理, 即在前述实施例中的第二降采样单元 24之前加一个反相器, 如 图 7所示。 本实施例中的其它结构和处理方法可以与前述的各实施例相同或 类似, 在此不再赘述。
本发明一个实施例中, 图 2所示的超声成像的过程还可以包括: 发射 /接收选择开关 3切换为发射模式, 发射电路 2通过探头 1发射第四 超声脉沖;
发射 /接收选择开关 3切换为接收模式, 接收电路 4通过探头 1接收目标 区域反射回来的超声回波, 获得第四超声回波信号;
其中, 第三超声脉沖的幅度权重与第一超声脉沖和所述第二超声脉沖的 幅度权重之和大小相等、 方向相反; 第四超声脉沖的幅度权重与第一超声脉 沖和第二超声脉沖的幅度权重之和大 d、相等, 方向相同。
然后, 信号处理模块 6基于接收到的第一超声回波信号、 第二超声回波 信号、 第三超声回波信号和第四超声回波信号提取出所需要的回波信号分量, 然后信号处理模块 7根据提取出的回波信号分量生成目标区域的超声图像。
本实施例中, 如图 8所示, 信号处理模块除了包括第一求和单元 20、 第 一降采样单元 22、 第二降采样单元 24、 第一交叉拼接单元 26和第一提取单 元 28之外, 还包括反相器 30、 第三降采样单元 32、 第二交叉拼接单元 34和 第二求和单元 36。
本实施例中, 信号处理模块的处理过程可以包括:
第一超声回波信号和第二超声回波信号输入第一求和单元 20, 第一求和 单元 20对第一超声回波信号和第二超声回波信号求和, 获得第一操作信号。 获得的第一操作信号送入第一降采样单元 22,第一降采样单元 22对第一操作 信号进行降采样, 获得第一操作降采样信号;
第三超声回波信号输入第二降采样单元 24,第二降采样单元 24对第三超 声回波信号进行降采样, 获得第三超声回波降采样信号;
第四超声回波信号输入反相器 30, 反相器 30对第四超声回波信号取反, 获得第四超声回波取反信号, 然后输入第三降采样单元 32, 第三降采样单元 32对取反后的第四超声回波信号进行降采样, 获得第四超声回波取反降采样 信号;
然后, 第一操作降采样信号和第三超声回波降采样信号输入第一交叉拼 接单元 26,第一交叉拼接单元 26对第一操作降采样信号和第三超声回波降采 样信号进行交叉拼接, 获得第二操作信号。 第一操作降采样信号和第四超声 回波取反降采样信号输入第二交叉拼接单元 34,第二交叉拼接单元 34对第一 操作降采样信号和第四超声回波取反降采样信号进行交叉拼接, 获得第三操 作信号;
获得的第二操作信号和第三操作信号输入第二求和单元 36, 第二求和单 元 36将第二操作信号和第三操作信号求和, 获得第四操作信号; 获得的第四操作信号送入第一提取单元 28,第一提取单元 28从该第四操 作信号中提取出所需要的回波信号分量, 比如超声回波信号中所包含的非线 性基波分量或二次非线性分量。
本实施例中, 对第一操作信号、 第三超声回波信号和第四超声回波信号 进行降采样的处理方法和降采样前对其信号的预处理方法、 第一操作降采样 信号和第四超声回波取反降采样信号进行交叉拼接的方法和第一操作降采样 信号和第三超声回波降采样信号进行交叉拼接的方法可以与前述实施例中的 相应方法相同或类似, 在此不再赘述。 从第四操作信号中提取所需的信号分 量的方法可以是低通滤波方法, 第一提取单元 28可以是低通滤波器。
例如, 记第四超声回波信号为 S3(n), 对其取反, 获得 -S3(n), 然后进行 与 S2(n)相同的处理。 例如, 记第四超声回波取反降采样信号为 T3(n), —个 实施例中, -S3(n)信号中延时一个点后每间隔一个点取值作为 T3(n)的值, 例 如: 取
T3(l) = -S3(2);
T3(2) = -S3(4);
T3(n) = -S3(2n);
其中 η = 1, 2, 3, ..., Ν, Ν为 Τ3(η)的长度, 即 Τ3(η)的总数据点数。
或者,另一个实施例中,第三降采样单元 32也可以与 Sl(n)类似地在降采 样之前先对 -S3(n)做一些预处理, 例如, 可以将 -S3(n)中每个点与相邻的至少 一个点相加, 然后将相加得到的和替换该点, 然后再对预处理过的 -S3(n) 延 时一个点后每间隔一个点取值作为 T3(n)的值。 例如, 也就是 Τ3(η)可以取:
T3(1) = -[S2(2) + S2(3)];
T3(2) = -[S2(4) + S2(5)]; T3(n) = -[S2(2n) + S2(2n+1)];
其中 n = l, 2, 3, ..., N, N为 T2(n)的长度, 即 T2(n)的总数据点数。
本实施例中, 交叉拼接处理获得的第二操作信号和第三操作信号中, 线 性基波和非线性基波的对称分量都被调制到了 Fs/2两边, 即调制到了较高的 频率位置, 而非线性基波的非对称分量和二次非线性分量仍然被保留在原来 的频率位置处。 第二操作信号和第三操作信号求和后经过第一提取单元 28提 取出所需的分量, 由于第二操作信号和第三操作信号中的信号是相互相关的, 而其中的噪声是不相关的, 这样第二操作信号和第三操作信号求和后再提取 所需的信号分量可以进一步提高提取出的信号分量的信噪比。
如图 9所示, 本发明另一实施例中, 图 8所示的实施例中还可以包括第 四降采样单元 38、 第三交叉拼接单元 40和第二提取单元 50。
如前文所述, 一个实施例中, 从第三超声回波信号 S2(n)或经过预处理的 第三超声回波信号中延时一个点后每间隔一个点取值作为第三超声回波降采 样信号 T2(n)的值。 本实施例中, 第四超声回波信号 S3(n)还经过第四降采样 单元 38, 第四降采样单元 38从第四超声回波信号 S3(n)或对第四超声回波信 号作与前文所述预处理一样的预处理后每间隔一个点取值作为第四超声回波 降采样信号 T4(n)的值。 具体的降采样和预处理过程与前述各实施例相同或类 似, 在此不再赘述。
然后, 第三超声回波降采样信号 Τ2(η)和第四超声回波降采样信号 Τ4(η) 在第三交叉拼接单元 40进行交叉拼接, 具体的交叉拼接的方法和过程与前述 各实施例中的交叉拼接方法和过程相同或类似, 在此不再赘述。 交叉拼接后, 获得第五操作信号, 记为 Χ3(η)。
第五操作信号 Χ3(η)由第三超声回波信号 S2(n) (幅度权重例如为 -1 )和第 四超声回波信号 S3(n) (幅度权重例如为 1 )经过降采样后交叉拼接而获得。 而 S2(n)和 S3(n)中既包含基波分量也包含二次非线性分量。 如图 10(A)和 (B) 所示, 分别示出了一个实施例中的 S2(n)和 S3(n)中的基波和二次非线性分量 的时域波形示意图。 其中 S2(n)和 S3(n)中的线性基波分量具有相同的幅度, 但极性相反 (180度相差); 而二次非线性分量相位相同。
如图 10(C)和 (D)所示, 其中图 10(C)为一个实施例中的 X3(n)的时域波形 示意图, (D)为一个实施例中的 X3(n)的频谱示意图。 如图 11所示, 其中 (A) 和 (C)分别为 X3(n)中的线性基波分量的时域波形示意图和频谱示意图, (B)和 (D)分别为 X3(n)中的二次非线性分量的时域波形示意图和频谱示意图。
从图 10(C)、 (D)和图 11中可以看出,在第五操作信号 X3(n)中, 线性基波 分量从 F0处被调制到 (Fs/2) 士 F0处, 而二次非线性分量在频域仍然保留在原 来位置 2F0处。
因此, 第五操作信号经过第二提取单元 50, 即可提取出其中的二次非线 性分量。 该第二提取单元 50可以为低通滤波器。
本实施例中, 用对幅度权重为 -1和 1 的第三超声脉沖和第四超声脉沖的 对应的回波信号 (即第三超声回波信号和第四超声回波信号) 获得经过交叉 拼接的第五操作信号, 这样可以增加第五操作信号中的二次非线性分量的强 度, 更利于后续的对二次非线性分量的提取。
本实施例中 , 直接使用了第二降采样单元 24对第三超声回波信号延时一 个点之后降采样获得的第三超声回波降采样信号。 本发明其它的实施例中, 第三超声回波信号的降采样处理也可以不是由第二降采样单元 24完成, 而是 另外设置第五降采样单元 52完成, 如图 12所示。 此时, 可以是第五降采样 单元 52对第三超声回波信号降采样, 而第四降采样单元 38对第四超声回波 信号延时一个点后降采样; 也可以是第四降采样单元 38对第四超声回波信号 降采样, 而第五降采样单元 52对第三超声回波信号延时一个点后降采样。 获 得的第三超声回波降采样信号和第四回波降采样信号经过第三交叉拼接单元 40交叉拼接之后获得第五操作信号,然后第二提取单元 50从第五操作信号中 提取出二次非线性分量。
本实施例中其它的模块的结构和方法可以与前述各实施例相同或类似, 在此不再赘述。
如图 13所示, 本发明一个实施例中, 第四操作信号和第五操作信号也可 以不是分别经过各自的提取单元提取所需的信号分量, 而是输入第三求和单 元 56, 第三求和单元 56将第四操作信号和第五操作信号求和, 获得第六操作 信号。 然后第一提取单元 28从第六操作信号中提取出所需的信号分量。
如图 14所示, 其中 14(A)为一个实施例中的第六操作信号的时域波形示 意图, 14(B)为 14(A)中的第六操作信号的频谱示意图。 可见, 第六操作信号 中包含线性基波分量、 非线性基波分量和二次非线性分量。 从图 14(B)中的频 谱中可以看出, 频域中非线性基波的非对称分量位于频率位置 F0处, 二次非 线性分量位于频率位置 2F0处, 非线性基波的对称分量和线形基波分量被调 制到了频率位置 Fs/2 士 F0处。
因此, 这里可以进行宽带检测, 通过例如低通滤波即可同时提取出非线 性基波分量的非对称分量和二次非线性分量。 如图 14(C)和 14(D)所示, 其中 14(C)为第六操作信号经过低通滤波器处理后的时域波形示意图, 14(D)为其频 谱示意图。
本发明实施例中,对多个幅度以及相位 (或极性)不同的超声脉沖的回波进 行处理并调制回波信号, 从而使调制后的信号中的线性分量和奇次非线性分 量的对称分量被 离原来的频率位置, 而偶次非线性分量(例如二次非线性 分量)和奇次非线性分量的非对称分量, 尤其是造影剂回波中的三次和更高 阶奇次成分产生的非线性基波, 仍保留在原来的频率位置, 从而需要按照相 互之间延时发射的方式发射多个超声脉沖的情况下即可使得超声回波信号中 偶次非线性分量和奇次非线性分量的非对称分量与线性分量和奇次非线性分 量的对称分量分离, 并可以很方便地从超声回波信号中提取出奇次非线性分 量的非对称分量和 /或偶次非线性分量用于后续的成像过程, 比如造影成像。 而且本发明的实施例在不需要按照相互之间延时发射的方式发射多个超声脉 沖的情况下, 即可实现线性分量和奇次非线性分量的对称分量与偶次非线性 分量和奇次非线性分量的非对称分量, 避免了控制多个超声脉沖按照相互之 间延时发射的方式发射的控制过程。
以上通过具体的实施例对本发明进行了说明, 但本发明并不限于这些具 体的实施例。 本领域技术人员应该明白, 还可以对本发明做各种修改、 等同 替换、 变化等等, 这些变换只要未背离本发明的精神, 都应在本发明的保护 范围之内。 此外, 以上多处所述的 "一个实施例" 表示不同的实施例, 当然 也可以将其全部或部分结合在一个实施例中。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种超声成像的方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
向目标区域发射第一超声脉沖;
接收从所述目标区域反射的所述第一超声脉沖的超声回波, 获得第一 超声回波信号;
向所述目标区域发射第二超声脉沖;
接收从所述目标区域反射的所述第二超声脉沖的超声回波, 获得第二 超声回波信号;
向所述目标区域发射第三超声脉沖;
接收从所述目标区域反射的所述第三超声脉沖的超声回波, 获得第三 超声回波信号;
根据所述第一超声回波信号、 所述第二超声回波信号和所述第三超声 回波信号提取回波信号分量;
根据所述回波信号分量生成所述目标区域的超声图像;
其中, 所述第三超声脉沖的幅度权重与所述第一超声脉沖和所述第二 超声脉沖的幅度权重之和大小相等。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于:
所述第三超声脉沖的幅度权重与所述第一超声脉沖和所述第二超声脉 沖的幅度权重之和方向相反;
其中所述根据所述第一超声回波信号、 所述第二超声回波信号和所述 第三超声回波信号提取回波信号分量包括:
将所述第一超声回波信号和所述第二超声回波信号求和, 获得第一操 作信号;
将所述第三超声回波信号与所述第一操作信号交叉拼接, 获得第二操 作信号; 从所述第二操作信号中提取回波信号分量。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述将所述第三超声回 波信号与所述第一操作信号交叉拼接, 获得第二操作信号包括:
降采样所述第三超声回波信号, 获得第三超声回波降采样信号; 降采样所述第一操作信号, 获得第一操作降采样信号;
将所述第三超声回波降采样信号与所述第一操作降采样信号交叉拼 接, 获得第二操作信号。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的方法, 其特征在于:
在降采样所述第三超声回波信号之前还包括:
将所述第三超声回波信号的每个第三超声回波信号数据点与至少 一个相邻第三超声回波信号数据点相加, 相加所得的和替代所述第三 超声回波信号数据点; 和 /或
在降采样所述第一操作信号之前还包括:
将所述第一操作信号的每个第一操作信号数据点与至少一个相邻 第一操作信号数据点相加, 相加所得的和替代所述第一操作信号数据 点。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 还包括:
向所述目标区域发射第四超声脉沖;
接收从所述目标区域反射的所述第四超声脉沖的超声回波, 获得第四 超声回波信号;
其中:
所述第三超声脉沖的幅度权重与所述第一超声脉沖和所述第二超声脉 沖的幅度权重之和方向相反;
所述第四超声脉沖的幅度权重与所述第一超声脉沖和所述第二超声脉 沖的幅度权重之和大小相等, 方向相同; 以及
根据所述第一超声回波信号、 所述第二超声回波信号、 所述第三超声 回波信号和所述第四超声回波信号提取回波信号分量;
根据所述回波信号分量生成所述目标区域的超声图像。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据所述第一超声 回波信号、 所述第二超声回波信号、 所述第三超声回波信号和所述第四超 声回波信号提取回波信号分量包括:
将所述第一超声回波信号和所述第二超声回波信号求和, 获得第一操 作信号;
将所述第三超声回波信号与所述第一操作信号交叉拼接, 获得第二操 作信号;
将所述第四超声回波信号取反后与所述第一操作信号交叉拼接, 获得 第三操作信号;
将所述第二操作信号和所述第三操作信号求和, 获得第四操作信号; 从所述第四操作信号中提取回波信号分量。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述将所述第三超声回 波信号与所述第一操作信号交叉拼接, 获得第二操作信号以及将所述第四 超声回波信号取反后与所述第一操作信号交叉拼接, 获得第三操作信号包 括:
降采样所述第一操作信号, 获得第一操作降采样信号;
降采样所述第三超声回波信号, 获得第三超声回波降采样信号; 将所述第四超声回波信号取反, 获得第四超声回波取反信号; 降采样所述第四超声回波取反信号, 获得第四超声回波取反降采样信 将所述第三超声回波降采样信号与所述第一操作降采样信号交叉拼 接, 获得第二操作信号;
将所述第四超声回波取反降采样信号与所述第一操作降采样信号交叉 拼接, 获得第三操作信号。 8、 如权利要求 7所述的方法, 其特征在于:
在降采样所述第一操作信号之前还包括:
将所述第一操作信号的每个第一操作信号数据点与至少一个相邻 第一操作信号数据点相加, 相加所得的和替代所述第一操作信号数据 点; 和 /或
在降采样所述第三超声回波信号之前还包括:
将所述第三超声回波信号的每个第三超声回波信号数据点与至少 一个相邻第三超声回波信号数据点相加, 相加所得的和替代所述第三 超声回波信号数据点; 和 /或
在降采样所述第四超声回波取反信号之前还包括:
将所述第四超声回波取反信号的每个第四超声回波取反信号数据 点与至少一个相邻第四超声回波取反信号数据点相加, 相加所得的和 替代所述第四超声回波取反信号数据点。
9、 如权利要求 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 还包括:
将所述第三超声回波信号和所述第四超声回波信号交叉拼接, 获得第 五操作信号;
从所述第五操作信号中提取偶次非线性分量;
其中还根据所述偶次非线性分量生成所述目标区域的超声图像。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述将所述第三超声回 波信号和所述第四超声回波信号交叉拼接, 获得第五操作信号包括:
降采样所述第三超声回波信号, 获得第三超声回波降采样信号; 降采样所述第四超声回波信号, 获得第四超声回波降采样信号; 将所述第三超声回波降采样信号与所述第四超声回波降采样信号交叉 拼接, 获得第五操作信号。 如权利要求 10所述的方法, 其特征在于, 在降采样所述第三超声回波信号之前还包括:
将所述第三超声回波信号的每个第三超声回波信号数据点与至少 一个相邻第三超声回波信号数据点相加, 相加所得的和替代所述第三 超声回波信号数据点; 和 /或
在降采样所述第四超声回波信号之前还包括:
将所述第四超声回波信号的每个第四超声回波信号数据点与至少 一个相邻第四超声回波信号数据点相加, 相加所得的和替代所述第一 操作信号数据点。
12、 如权利要求 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 还包括:
将所述第四操作信号和所述第五操作信号求和, 获得第六操作信号; 从所述第六操作信号中提取回波信号分量。
13、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于:
所述第三超声脉沖的幅度权重与所述第一超声脉沖和所述第二超声脉 沖的幅度权重之和方向相同;
其中所述根据所述第一超声回波信号、 所述第二超声回波信号和所述 第三超声回波信号提取回波信号分量包括:
将所述第一超声回波信号和所述第二超声回波信号求和, 获得第一操 作信号;
将所述第三超声回波信号取反后与所述第一操作信号交叉拼接, 获得 第二操作信号;
从所述第二操作信号中提取回波信号分量。
14、 如权利要求 13所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述将所述第三超声 回波信号取反后与所述第一操作信号交叉拼接, 获得第二操作信号包括: 将所述第三超声回波信号取反, 获得第三超声回波取反信号; 降采样所述第三超声回波取反信号, 获得第三超声回波取反降采样信 降采样所述第一操作信号, 获得第一操作降采样信号; 将所述第三超声回波取反降采样信号与所述第一操作降采样信号交叉 拼接, 获得第二操作信号。
15、 如权利要求 14所述的方法, 其特征在于:
在降采样所述第三超声回波取反信号之前还包括:
将所述第三超声回波取反信号的每个第三超声回波取反信号数据 点与至少一个相邻第三超声回波取反信号数据点相加, 相加所得的和 替代所述第三超声回波取反信号数据点; 和 /或
在降采样所述第一操作信号之前还包括:
将所述第一操作信号的每个第一操作信号数据点与至少一个相邻 第一操作信号数据点相加, 相加所得的和替代所述第一操作信号数据 点。
16、 如权利要求 1至 15 中任意一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 其中 所述回波信号分量包括非线性基波分量的非对称分量和 /或偶次非线性分 量。
17、 一种超声成像的装置, 其特征在于, 包括:
探头; 脉沖、 第二超声脉沖和第三超声脉沖;
接收电路, 所述接收电路通过所述探头分别接收所述第一超声脉沖的 超声回波, 获得第一超声回波信号; 接收所述第二超声脉沖的超声回波, 获得第二超声回波信号; 接收所述第三超声脉沖的超声回波, 获得第三超 声回波信号;
信号处理模块, 所述信号处理模块根据所述第一超声回波信号、 所述 第二超声回波信号和所述第三超声回波信号提取回波信号分量; 图像处理模块, 所述图像处理模块根据所述回波信号分量生成所述目 标区域的图像;
其中, 所述第三超声脉沖的幅度权重与所述第一超声脉沖和所述第二 超声脉沖的幅度权重之和大小相等。
18、 如权利要求 17所述的装置, 其特征在于:
所述第三超声脉沖的幅度权重与所述第一超声脉沖和所述第二超声脉 沖的幅度权重之和方向相反;
其中所述信号处理模块包括:
第一求和单元, 所述第一求和单元将所述第一超声回波信号和所述第 二超声回波信号求和, 获得第一操作信号;
第一交叉拼接单元, 所述第一交叉拼接单元将所述第三超声回波信号 与所述第一操作信号交叉拼接, 获得第二操作信号;
第一提取单元, 所述第一提取单元从所述第二操作信号中提取所述回 波信号分量。
19、 如权利要求 18所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述信号处理模块还 包括:
第一降采样单元, 所述第一降采样单元降采样所述第一操作信号, 获 得第一操作降采样信号;
第二降采样单元, 所述第二降采样单元降采样所述第三超声回波信号, 获得第三超声回波降采样信号;
其中所述第一交叉拼接单元将所述第三超声回波降采样信号与所述第 一操作降采样信号交叉拼接, 获得第二操作信号。
20、 如权利要求 17所述的装置, 其特征在于:
所述发射电路还通过所述探头向目标区域发射第四超声脉沖; 所述接收电路还通过所述探头接收所述第四超声脉沖的超声回波, 获 得第四超声回波信号;
其中:
所述第三超声脉沖的幅度权重与所述第一超声脉沖和所述第二超声脉 沖的幅度权重之和方向相反;
所述第四超声脉沖的幅度权重与所述第一超声脉沖和所述第二超声脉 沖的幅度权重之和大小相等, 方向相同; 以及
所述信号处理模块根据所述第一超声回波信号、 所述第二超声回波信 号、 所述第三超声回波信号和所述第四超声回波信号提取所述回波信号分 量。
21、 如权利要求 20所述的装置, 其特征在于:
其中所述信号处理模块包括:
第一求和单元, 所述第一求和单元将所述第一超声回波信号和所述第 二超声回波信号求和, 获得第一操作信号;
第一交叉拼接单元, 所述第一交叉拼接单元将所述第三超声回波信号 与所述第一操作信号交叉拼接, 获得第二操作信号;
反相器, 所述反相器对所述第四超声回波信号取反;
第二交叉拼接单元, 所述第二交叉拼接单元将取反的所述第四超声回 波信号与所述第一操作信号交叉拼接, 获得第三操作信号;
第二求和单元, 所述第二求和单元将所述第二操作信号和所述第三操 作信号求和, 获得第四操作信号;
第一提取单元, 所述第一提取单元从所述第四操作信号中提取所述回 波信号分量。 如权利要求 21 所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述信号处理模块还 降采样单元, 所述第一降采样单元降采样所述第一操作信号, 获 得第一操作降采样信号;
第二降采样单元, 所述第二降采样单元降采样所述第三超声回波信号, 获得第三超声回波降采样信号;
第三降采样单元, 所述第三降采样单元降采样取反的所述第四超声回 波信号, 获得第四超声回波取反降采样信号;
其中所述第一交叉拼接单元将所述第三超声回波降采样信号与所述第 一操作降采样信号交叉拼接, 获得第二操作信号;
其中所述第二交叉拼接单元将所述第四超声回波取反降采样信号与所 述第一操作降采样信号交叉拼接, 获得第三操作信号。
23、 如权利要求 21 所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述信号处理模块还 包括:
第三交叉拼接单元, 所述第三交叉拼接单元将所述第三超声回波信号 和所述第四超声回波信号交叉拼接, 获得第五操作信号;
第二提取单元, 所述第二提取单元从所述第五操作信号中提取偶次非 线性分量;
所述图像处理模块还根据所述偶次非线性分量生成所述目标区域的超 声图像。
24、 如权利要求 22所述的装置, 其特征在于: 所述信号处理模块还 包括:
第二降采样单元, 所述第二降采样单元降采样所述第三超声回波信号, 获得第三超声回波降采样信号;
第四降采样单元, 所述第四降采样单元降采样所述第第四超声回波信 号, 获得第四超声回波降采样信号;
其中所述第三交叉拼接单元将所述第三超声回波降采样信号与所述第 四超声回波降采样信号交叉拼接, 获得第五操作信号。 25、 如权利要求 21 所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述信号处理模块还 包括:
第三交叉拼接单元, 所述第三交叉拼接单元将所述第三超声回波信号 和所述第四超声回波信号交叉拼接, 获得第五操作信号;
第三求和单元, 所述第三求和单元将所述第四操作信号与所述第五操 作信号求和, 获得第六操作信号;
其中所述第一提取单元从所述第六操作信号中提取回波信号分量。
26、 如权利要求 21 所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述信号处理模块还 包括:
第四降采样单元, 所述第四降采样单元降采样所述第第四超声回波信 号, 获得第四超声回波降采样信号;
第五降采样单元, 所述第五降采样单元降采样所述第三超声回波信号, 获得第三超声回波降采样信号;
其中所述第三交叉拼接单元将所述第三超声回波降采样信号与所述第 四超声回波降采样信号交叉拼接, 获得第五操作信号。
27、 如权利要求 16所述的装置, 其特征在于:
所述第三超声脉沖的幅度权重与所述第一超声脉沖和所述第二超声脉 沖的幅度权重之和方向相同;
其中所述信号处理模块包括:
第一求和单元, 所述第一求和单元将所述第一超声回波信号和所述第 二超声回波信号求和, 获得第一操作信号;
反相器, 所述反相器对所述第三超声回波信号取反;
第一交叉拼接单元, 所述第一交叉拼接单元将取反后的所述第三超声 回波信号与所述第一操作信号交叉拼接, 获得第二操作信号;
第一提取单元, 所述第一提取单元从所述第二操作信号中提取所述回 波信号分量。 28、 如权利要求 27所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述信号处理模块还 包括:
第一降采样单元, 所述第一降采样单元降采样所述第一操作信号, 获 得第一操作降采样信号;
第二降采样单元, 所述第二降采样单元降采样取反后的所述第三超声 回波信号, 获得第三超声回波取反降采样信号;
其中所述第一交叉拼接单元将所述第三超声回波取反降采样信号与所 述第一操作降采样信号交叉拼接, 获得第二操作信号。
29、 如权利要求 17至 28中任意一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 其中 所述回波信号分量包括非线性基波分量的非对称分量和 /或偶次非线性分 量。
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