WO2013078772A1

WO2013078772A1 - Single-cylinder u-flow entropy cycle engine

Info

Publication number: WO2013078772A1
Application number: PCT/CN2012/001617
Authority: WO
Inventors: 靳北彪
Original assignee: Jin Beibiao
Priority date: 2011-12-01
Filing date: 2012-12-03
Publication date: 2013-06-06

Abstract

A single-cylinder U-flow entropy cycle engine comprising a cylinder piston mechanism (1) and a communicating passage (2). A working fluid inlet (101) and a working fluid outlet (102) are arranged on a cylinder of the cylinder piston mechanism. The communicating passage connects the working fluid inlet and the working fluid outlet. The cylinder of the cylinder piston mechanism and the communicating passage constitute a working fluid closed loop. An internal combustion chamber (3) is arranged in the working fluid closed loop. A working fluid delivery outlet (4) is arranged on the working fluid closed loop. The single-cylinder U-flow entropy cycle engine has the characteristics of high efficiency and energy conservation.

Description

Single cylinder U flow entropy cycle engine

The invention relates to the field of thermal energy and power, and in particular to a hot air machine.

Background technique

In recent years, the problem of high energy consumption and high pollution emission of traditional internal combustion engines has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, hot air machines have received extensive attention. However, hot air machines are heated by external combustion heating methods. It is well known that external combustion heating processes are difficult. Obtaining a higher temperature working fluid, therefore, made a lot of chemical commission losses. Not only that, because the rate of external combustion heating is limited, the material requirements are high, and the load response is poor, so the single machine power and the whole machine power density of the heat engine are severely restricted, and the use of the heat engine is severely limited. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a new type of engine.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a single-cylinder U-flow entropy circulation engine with high power and high power density, which solves the problem that the temperature of the conventional hot air machine is low due to the working medium and affects the efficiency of the hot air machine.

The technical solution proposed by the present invention is as follows:

This book

The single-cylinder U-flow entropy cycle engine includes a cylinder piston mechanism and a communication passage, wherein the cylinder of the cylinder piston mechanism is provided with a working fluid inlet and a working fluid outlet, and the communication passage communicates with the working fluid inlet and the working fluid An outlet, a cylinder of the cylinder piston mechanism and the communication passage form a working fluid closed circuit, wherein: an internal combustion combustion chamber is disposed in the working fluid closed circuit, and a working medium is arranged on the working fluid closed circuit Export.

The internal combustion combustion chamber is disposed in a cylinder of the cylinder piston mechanism, and the working fluid outlet is disposed on the communication passage.

The internal combustion combustion chamber is disposed in the communication passage, and the working fluid outlet is disposed on a cylinder of the cylinder piston mechanism or between a working fluid outlet of the cylinder piston mechanism and the internal combustion combustion chamber On the communication channel.

The single cylinder U flow entropy cycle engine also includes a cooler disposed on the working fluid closed circuit. The cooler is a gas-liquid direct mixing cooler or a desorber of an adsorption refrigeration system.

The cooler is disposed on the communication passage upstream of the working fluid outlet and downstream of the internal combustion combustion chamber.

The cooler is set as a heat exchange cooler, the internal combustion combustion chamber is upstream, and the communication passage downstream of the working fluid outlet is set as a cooled fluid passage of the heat exchange cooler.

The single cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine also includes an oxidant source that is in communication with the working fluid closed circuit via a heated fluid passage of the heat exchange cooler.

The single-cylinder u-stream entropy cycle engine further includes a heat exchanger, the communication passage between the working fluid outlet and the cooler being set as a cooled fluid passage of the heat exchanger, the cooler and The communication passage between the internal combustion combustion chambers is set as a heated fluid passage of the heat exchanger.

A check valve is disposed on the communication passage.

A control valve is disposed on the working fluid outlet. The control valve is set as a pressure control valve.

The internal combustion combustion chamber is set as an internal combustion continuous combustion chamber or an internal combustion intermittent combustion chamber.

The single cylinder u flow entropy cycle engine also includes a non-direct mixing condensing cooler, the cooled working fluid inlet of the non-direct mixing condensing cooler being in communication with the working fluid outlet.

The non-direct mixed condensing cooler is provided with a condensed liquid working fluid outlet.

The non-direct mixing condensing cooler is provided with a non-condensing gas outlet.

The non-condensing gas outlet is in communication with the working fluid closed circuit.

The single cylinder U flow entropy cycle engine is further comprised of an oxidant source that is in communication with the working fluid closed circuit via a heated fluid passage of the non-direct mixing condensing cooler.

The source of oxidant is in communication with the internal combustion chamber via a heated fluid passage of the non-direct mixing condensing cooler. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further includes a direct-mix condensing cooler and an oxidant source, the cooled fluid inlet of the direct-mix condensing cooler being in communication with the working fluid outlet, the oxidant source being directly mixed with the oxidant source The heated fluid inlet of the condensing cooler is in communication.

The direct mixing condensing cooler is provided with a cryogenic liquid working fluid outlet.

The single cylinder U flow entropy cycle engine also includes a cryogenic liquid working fluid storage tank, the cryogenic liquid working fluid storage tank being in communication with the cryogenic liquid working fluid outlet.

The direct mixing condensing cooler is provided with a non-condensing gas outlet.

The oxidant source is in communication with the internal combustion combustion chamber via the direct mixing condensing cooler.

The single-cylinder U-flow entropy cycle engine further includes a cooling liquid discharge port disposed on the communication passage between the cooler and the working fluid outlet.

The single-cylinder U-flow entropy cycle engine further includes an auxiliary gas working mechanism, and the working fluid outlet is in communication with a working fluid inlet of the auxiliary gas working mechanism.

The auxiliary gas working mechanism is set as an impeller type gas working mechanism, a Roots type gas working mechanism, a screw type gas working mechanism or a piston type gas working mechanism.

The single cylinder U flow entropy cycle engine also includes an oxidant source in communication with the working fluid closed circuit. The oxidant source is in communication with the internal combustion chamber.

The pressure of the oxidant source is greater than 2 MPa.

In the closed circuit of the working fluid, a part of the gas participating in the circulation is non-condensable.

The single cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further includes a non-condensable gas storage tank, the non-condensable gas storage tank being in communication with the working fluid closed circuit via a control device.

The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further includes a non-condensing gas returning compressor, and the air inlet of the non-condensing gas returning compressor is connected to the working fluid closed circuit via a control valve, and the non-condensing gas is returned The gas outlet of the storage compressor is in communication with the non-condensable gas storage tank via a control valve.

The internal combustion combustion chamber is set as a side internal combustion combustion chamber, and the working fluid outlet of the side internal combustion combustion chamber is closed with the working fluid Explain that the book is connected to the loop.

The side internal combustion combustion chamber is set as a side internal combustion continuous combustion chamber or a side internal combustion intermittent combustion chamber.

The pressure capacity of the working fluid closed circuit is greater than 2 MPa.

A three-way catalyst is disposed on the closed circuit of the working fluid.

The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further includes a low-temperature cold source, and the low-temperature cold source is connected to the working fluid closed upstream with the working fluid outlet upstream and the internal combustion combustion chamber downstream. .

The auxiliary work mechanism is an impeller type gas work mechanism, and the single cylinder U flow entropy cycle engine further includes an impeller type gas compression mechanism, and the working medium outlet of the impeller type gas work mechanism is connected to the impeller by the auxiliary cooler a working medium inlet of the gas compression mechanism is connected, the working medium outlet of the impeller type gas compression mechanism is in communication with the working fluid closed circuit; the working medium outlet of the impeller type gas working mechanism and the impeller type gas compression mechanism An auxiliary working fluid outlet is arranged on the passage between the working fluid inlets.

The single-cylinder U-flow entropy cycle engine further includes a four-type door cylinder piston mechanism, the air supply port of the four-type door cylinder piston mechanism is in communication with the working fluid closed circuit, and the four types of door cylinder piston mechanism are recharged. The mouth is connected to the working fluid outlet.

The side internal combustion combustion chamber is configured as a four-type door cylinder piston mechanism, and the air supply port of the four types of door cylinder piston mechanism is in communication with the cylinder piston mechanism, and the refilling port of the four types of door cylinder piston mechanism The working fluid outlet is connected.

The single cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further includes an oxidant sensor and an oxidant control device, the oxidant sensor being disposed in the working fluid closed circuit, the oxidant sensor providing a signal to the oxidant control device, the oxidant source An oxidant control valve is in communication with the working fluid closed circuit, and the oxidant control device controls the oxidant control valve.

The cylinder piston mechanism is configured as a piston liquid mechanism, and the piston liquid mechanism includes a gas-liquid cylinder and a gas-liquid isolation structure, and the gas-liquid isolation structure is disposed in the gas-liquid cylinder.

The gas working medium in the gas-liquid cylinder has a pressure greater than a sum of inertial forces when the liquid in the gas-liquid cylinder and the gas-liquid isolation structure reciprocate.

The mass flow rate of the substance discharged from the internal combustion combustion chamber is greater than the mass flow rate of the substance introduced into the internal combustion combustion chamber from outside the closed circuit of the working fluid.

The principle of the present invention is: replacing the conventional hot air machine with the internal combustion combustion chamber (that is, introducing an oxidant, a fuel into a working fluid of a hot air machine that needs to be heated, and causing a combustion chemical reaction to increase the temperature of the working medium) The working fluid of all types of hot air compressors such as Stirling engine heats the heat exchanger, so that the temperature and pressure of the working fluid can reach a higher level, achieving the essential improvement of the efficiency and power density of the hot air machine, and can be greatly improved. Reduce the size, weight and manufacturing costs of the mechanism. Using the internal combustion combustion chamber to perform internal combustion heating on the working fluid in the closed circuit of the working fluid, and pushing the piston of the piston gas working mechanism to perform external work, and realizing the work by guiding part of the working fluid from the closed loop of the working fluid In the closed loop, the working medium is balanced, and part of the heat can be derived while the working fluid in the closed circuit of the working fluid is derived; the function of the cooler and the regenerator in the present invention is compared with the traditional Stirling engine The cooler and the regenerator function the same; the function of the condensing cooler in the present invention is to condense part of the working fluid in the closed circuit of the working fluid The liquefaction of the book is derived from the closed loop of the working fluid in the form of a liquid, so that not only the working medium balance in the closed circuit of the working fluid can be achieved, but also the effect of not discharging the gas to the environment can be achieved, and the overall zero emissions of the engine are formed.

In the present invention, the working fluid in the closed circuit of the working fluid may be a flue gas formed by the combustion of the oxidant and the fuel, or a mixture of the flue gas and other gases previously stored, such as a mixture of flue gas and helium or smoke. a mixture of gas and argon, and the like.

In the present invention, the working fluid closed circuit refers to a space in which a working fluid composed of a cylinder of the cylinder piston mechanism and the communication passage can circulate.

In the present invention, the internal combustion combustion chamber means that the high temperature product formed by the combustion chemical reaction between the oxidant and the reducing agent is directly used as a circulating working medium or mixed with other gases existing in the closed circuit of the working fluid as a circulating working medium. The combustion chamber.

In the present invention, the side-by-side internal combustion combustion chamber refers to an independent combustion space in which the internal combustion combustion chamber is configured to communicate with the working fluid closed circuit.

In the present invention, the internal combustion combustion chamber may be an internal combustion continuous combustion chamber, an internal combustion intermittent combustion chamber or an internal combustion timing combustion chamber; the internal combustion continuous combustion chamber refers to an internal combustion combustion in which the exothermic chemical reaction may continuously occur. The internal combustion intermittent combustion chamber refers to an internal combustion combustion chamber in which the exothermic chemical reaction occurs discontinuously, and the internal combustion intermittent combustion chamber may be a timing intermittent combustion chamber, and each operation of the single-cylinder u-flow entropy cycle engine The exothermic chemical reaction occurs only once in the combustion chamber in the cycle, and the exothermic chemical reaction occurs only in one stroke; or may be a positive-time intermittent combustion chamber, and the single-cylinder U-flow entropy cycle engine burns in multiple working cycles The exothermic chemical reaction occurs once in the chamber; or may be a long positive intermittent combustion chamber in which the exothermic chemical reaction continuously occurs in a plurality of continuous working cycles of the single-cylinder U-flow entropy cycle engine. Similarly, the side-by-side internal combustion combustion chamber may be a side-by-side internal combustion continuous combustion chamber, a side-by-side internal combustion intermittent combustion chamber, or a side-by-side internal combustion timing combustion chamber.

In the present invention, the oxidant source refers to a device, mechanism or storage tank which can provide an oxidant, and the oxidant in the oxidant source should have a higher pressure than the pressure in the internal combustion combustion chamber when entering the internal combustion combustion chamber.

In the present invention, the oxidizing agent refers to a liquid or high-pressure gaseous substance capable of chemically reacting with a fuel, such as liquid oxygen, high pressure oxygen, high pressure compressed air, liquid air, hydrogen peroxide, aqueous hydrogen peroxide, etc., when the oxidant is liquid. When it is supplied by a high-pressure liquid pump, when the oxidant is in a high-pressure gas state, it can be directly fed in a high pressure form.

In the present invention, not only the oxidant should be supplied to the internal combustion combustion chamber but also the internal combustion combustion chamber should be supplied with fuel according to a known technique, the fuel source being a device, a mechanism or a storage tank that can supply fuel, the fuel entering The internal combustion chamber should have a higher pressure than the internal combustion chamber.

In the present invention, the fuel refers to a substance capable of undergoing a combustion chemical reaction with an oxidant, such as a hydrocarbon, a carbon oxyhydroxide or a solid carbon, wherein the hydrocarbon includes gasoline, diesel, heavy oil, kerosene, aviation. Other hydrocarbons such as kerosene; the carbon oxyhydroxides include methanol, ethanol, methyl ether, diethyl ether, and the like. It should be pointed out that: no solid water is used as fuel after combustion, and the carbon dioxide concentration in the product after combustion is high, and it is easy to liquefy; in the process of implementation, solid carbon can be pre-assembled with solid, powdered, sprayed, powder After being fluidized, the liquid or gas carbon dioxide is fluidized and injected into the internal combustion combustion chamber. In the present invention, the working fluid outlet may be a continuous derivation working medium, and may be an intermittent derivation working medium (that is, the working medium is discharged according to the working medium in the closed circuit of the working medium), and may also be The working fluid is exported in a positive relationship.

In the present invention, the derivation working medium may be one time when the pressure of the working outlet is low in each working cycle of the single-cylinder U-flow entropy cycle engine; or the timing may be derived from the working medium, intermittently After the plurality of working cycles of the single-cylinder U-flow entropy cycle engine are performed, the working medium is derived when the pressure at the working outlet is low; and the pressure control device such as the pressure limiting valve may be used in the working medium channel to exceed the pressure The working fluid is exported when the limit is set.

In the present invention, the working fluid in the closed loop of the working fluid may be derived in the form of a gas or may be derived in the form of a liquid.

In the present invention, the highest pressure of the working medium in the working fluid closed circuit reaches the pressure bearing capacity of the working fluid closed circuit. In the present invention, the circulating gas in the working fluid closed circuit may be selected from gases such as helium gas and oxygen gas.

In the present invention, the cooler refers to any device capable of cooling the working fluid, such as a direct mixing cooler, a heat exchanger type cooler, and a radiator type cooler. The direct-mixing cooler refers to a device that directly mixes a heated fluid with a cooled working fluid, and directly performs heat exchange to achieve working fluid cooling; the heat exchanger-type cooler refers to heat-treating with other fluids. The receiving medium is a device for performing heat exchange with the working medium to reach a cooling medium. The radiator type cooler is a device that uses an ambient gas as a heat receiving medium to diffuse the heat of the working medium into the environment to reach a cooling working medium. Wherein the heat exchanger type and the radiator type cooler are both non-direct mixing type coolers, that is, the heated fluid is not mixed with the cooled working medium.

In the present invention, the non-direct-mixing condensing cooler means having a heated fluid passage and a cooled fluid passage, wherein the heated fluid in the heated fluid passage and the cooled fluid in the cooled fluid passage are in a device that generates heat exchange but does not mix, such as a heat exchanger type and a radiator type condensing cooler; the straight mixed condensing cooler means that a heated fluid and a cooled fluid are mixed therein to cause a portion of the cooled fluid to be generated or All condensing means for raising the temperature of the heated fluid; the non-direct mixing condensing cooler and the direct mixing condensing cooler may have the function of a gas-liquid separator when necessary.

In the present invention, the term "non-condensable gas" means a gas which does not liquefy after being cooled in the oxygen closed-loop thermodynamic system by an inert gas or nitrogen gas.

In the present invention, the function of providing the non-condensable gas returning compressor is to extract non-condensable gas from the working fluid closed circuit and store it in the non-condensable gas storage tank when the system is not operating.

In the present invention, the position of the internal combustion combustion chamber and the cooler on the closed circuit of the working fluid should be set according to a well-known thermodynamic cycle.

In the present invention, the working fluid in the working fluid closed circuit needs to be subjected to compression, heating, temperature rising and boosting, work and cooling, which requires the working fluid closed circuit to withstand a certain pressure, optionally, The pressure capacity of the closed loop of the working fluid can be set to be greater than 2 MPa, 2.5 MPa, 3 MPa, 3.5 MPa, 4 MPa, 4.5 MPa, 5 MPa, 5.5 MPa, 6 MPa, 6.5 MPa, 7 MPa, 7.5 MPa, 8 MPa, 8.5 MPa, 9 MPa, 9.5. MPa, 10MPa, 10.5MPa, l lMPa, 11.5MPa, 12MPa, 12.5MPa 13MPa, 13.5MPa, 14MPa, 14.5MPa, 15MPa, 15.5MPa, 16MPa, 16.5MPa, 17MPa, 17.5MPa, 18MPa, 18.5MPa, 19MPa, 19.5 MPa, 20MPa, 20.5MPa, 21MPa, 22MPa 23MPa, 24MPa, 25MPa, 26MPa, 27MPa, 28MPa, 29MPa, 30MPa, 31MPa, 32MPa, 33MPa, 34MPa, 35MPa, 36MPa, 37MPa, 38MPa, 39MPa or more than 40MPa. Accordingly, the pressure bearing capacity of the oxidant source and the fuel source is also set to the above numerical range.

In the present invention, the control valve is controlled by a minimum pressure in the closed circuit of the working fluid of more than 0.2 MPa, 0.3 MPa, 0.5 MPa, 1 MPa, 1.5 MPa, 2 MPa, 2.5 MPa, 3 MPa, 5 MPa, 8 MPa or more than 10 MPa. Controlled.

In the present invention, the four-type door cylinder piston mechanism means that an air inlet, an exhaust port, an air supply port and a refill port are provided on the cylinder, and the air inlet and the exhaust port are said to be The air supply port and the refill port correspond to the cylinder piston mechanism of the intake valve, the exhaust valve, the supply valve and the return door.

In the present invention, the low-temperature cold source refers to a device, a mechanism or a storage tank capable of providing a low-temperature substance having a temperature below 0 ° C, for example, a storage tank stored with a low-temperature substance obtained by a commercially available method, the low-temperature substance may be It is liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid helium or liquefied air. When the oxidizing agent in the present invention is liquid oxygen, liquid oxygen can be directly used as the low temperature substance.

In the present invention, the low-temperature cold source is directly connected to the working fluid closed circuit to mix the low-temperature substance with the working medium in the working fluid closed circuit, or to make the low-temperature substance through a heat exchange device The working medium in the piston type gas compression mechanism or the book entering the piston type gas compression mechanism is cooled in a manner of heat exchange with the working fluid in the working fluid closed circuit. The hot air machine is a power mechanism that works close to the Carnot cycle, and its thermal efficiency can be calculated.

W τ. - τ ₂

With reference to the calculation formula of Carnot cycle thermal efficiency: τ ⁼ ~τ, it can be known that when the temperature of the cold source drops by ⁷ ^, the thermal efficiency rises and the heat discharged to the cold source decreases, and if the temperature of the cold source decreases greatly, The cold source temperature is very low, the thermal efficiency is ⁷艮 high, and the heat discharged to the cold source is small. It is inferred that the low temperature material with a relatively low temperature can greatly reduce the temperature of the cold source by ⁷ " ₂ , thereby greatly reducing the amount of heat discharged to the cold source and effectively improving the engine efficiency.

The lower the temperature, the lower the temperature (such as liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen or liquid helium), the more energy is consumed in the manufacturing process, but in terms of unit mass, the greater the contribution to the thermal efficiency of the engine, the better. It is stored in a substance with a very low temperature, which is equivalent to the concept of a new type of battery, which can be manufactured using a low-cost energy source such as garbage electricity, thereby effectively reducing the operating cost of the engine.

In the present invention, after the low-temperature substance in the low-temperature cold source exhibits a cooling action, it may be introduced into the working fluid closed circuit as a circulating medium of a single-cylinder turbulent entropy cycle engine, or may not be introduced into the work. In the closed loop.

In the present invention, the so-called two devices are in communication, meaning that the fluid can flow in one or two directions between the two devices. By communication is meant direct communication or indirect communication via a control mechanism, control unit or other control component.

In the present invention, the liquid oxygen includes commercial liquid oxygen or liquid oxygen prepared in the field.

In the present invention, by adjusting the working pressure of the working fluid closed circuit and the displacement of the hot end mechanism to control the mass displacement of the hot end mechanism, the mass flow rate Μ ₂ of the substance discharged from the internal combustion combustion chamber is greater than that from the work The mass flow rate of the substance introduced into the internal combustion combustion chamber outside the closed loop means that, in addition to the substance introduced into the internal combustion combustion chamber from the closed circuit of the working fluid, a part of the substance is closed from the working fluid. Introducing the internal combustion combustion chamber, since the internal combustion combustion chamber is disposed in the working fluid closed circuit, that is, at least a portion of the material discharged from the internal combustion combustion chamber flows back to the internal combustion combustion chamber, That is, the working medium is reciprocated between the hot end mechanism and the cold end mechanism. Explain the flow of books. The substance introduced from the outside of the working fluid closed circuit to the internal combustion combustion chamber may be an oxidant, a reducing agent, a compressed gas or a high temperature gas.

In the present invention, the hot end mechanism refers to a gas distribution mechanism or a work mechanism in which the internal combustion combustion chamber is disposed, or the working medium generated after the combustion chemical reaction occurs in the internal combustion combustion chamber, for example, a cylinder piston Institutions or organizations such as Roots Motors.

In the present invention, the cold end mechanism refers to a gas working mechanism or a gas compression mechanism that the working medium flows out from the hot end mechanism, such as a cylinder piston mechanism or a Roots type compressor.

In the present invention, the oxidant sensor refers to a device that detects the content of the oxidant in the closed circuit of the working fluid. The oxidant sensor provides a signal to the oxidant control device, the oxidant control device according to a signal provided by the oxidant sensor and a preset static or dynamic oxidant content setting value in the working fluid closed circuit The oxidant control valve is controlled to increase or decrease the amount of oxidant supplied to the working fluid closed circuit for the purpose of regulating the content of the oxidant in the closed loop of the working fluid.

The set value of the oxidant content may be a numerical value or a numerical interval. For example, the set value of the oxidant content in the working fluid closed loop may be 5%, 10% or 10%~12%, etc. .

The oxidant sensor may be disposed on a closed circuit remote from the internal combustion combustion chamber to ensure that the entire working fluid closed circuit operates in an oxygen-rich (oxygen content greater than zero) state, and stable combustion chemistry occurs in the internal combustion combustion chamber. The reaction also prevents the occurrence of carbon deposits.

In the present invention, the gas-liquid cylinder refers to a container which can accommodate a gas working medium and/or a liquid and can withstand a certain pressure, and the gas-liquid cylinder is divided into a gas end and a liquid end by the gas-liquid separating structure. The gas end of the gas cylinder is provided with a gas working fluid circulation port for communicating with other devices or mechanisms in the closed circuit of the working fluid; the liquid end of the gas liquid cylinder is provided with a liquid A flow port for communicating with a hydraulic power mechanism and/or a liquid working fluid return system.

In the present invention, the gas-liquid insulation structure refers to a structure that can reciprocate in the gas-liquid cylinder, such as a separator, a separator, a piston, etc., and functions to isolate the gas in the gas-liquid cylinder. Preferably, the gas-liquid insulation structure and the gas-liquid cylinder are sealingly fitted. During the operation of the piston liquid mechanism, according to the gas-liquid isolation structure being at different positions in the gas-liquid cylinder, the gas-liquid cylinder may all be a gas working medium, or may be all liquid, or a gas worker. Both the substance and the liquid are present at the same time.

In the present invention, the liquid in the gas-liquid cylinder and the gas-liquid isolation structure are different from the conventional piston linkage mechanism, and the piston in the conventional piston linkage mechanism can be stopped by the thrust or pulling force of the connecting rod, thereby realizing Limiting the stroke of the piston, and in the gas-liquid cylinder, when the gas working fluid in the gas-liquid cylinder is doing positive work, the gas-liquid isolation structure is moved by the pressure to the bottom dead center, and the liquid is pressurized Forming the gas-liquid cylinder and pushing a hydraulic power mechanism (such as a liquid motor) to perform external work. When the liquid is about to be exhausted, changing the liquid motor working mode or starting the liquid working fluid returning system, so that the liquid in the gas-liquid cylinder is not Further reducing, at this time, the liquid applies a braking force to the gas-liquid insulation structure in the gas-liquid cylinder to stop it to prevent it from hitting the wall of the bottom of the liquid end of the gas-liquid cylinder; When the liquid is input into the cylinder, the gas-liquid isolation structure continuously moves toward the upper dead center, and when it reaches the vicinity of the top dead center, stops the gas liquid cylinder from being stopped. Into the liquid or to reduce (flow out) the liquid in the gas cylinder, however, the liquid in the gas cylinder and the gas-liquid isolation structure will still move in the direction of the inertia to the dead center, at this time, if The pressure of the gas working fluid in the gas cylinder is not high enough, and the gas-liquid insulation structure continues to move upward to hit the wall of the top of the gas cylinder. In order to avoid such impact, the gas working fluid in the gas cylinder is required. The pressure is sufficiently high that the pressure on the gas-liquid isolation structure is greater than the sum of the inertial forces when the liquid in the gas-liquid cylinder and the gas-liquid insulation structure reciprocate.

In the present invention, during the operation of the single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine, the sum of the inertial forces of the liquid in the gas-liquid cylinder and the gas-liquid isolation structure during reciprocation is varied, and thus the engineering design It should be ensured that at any working time, "the gas working in the gas-liquid cylinder is more reciprocating to the gas-liquid isolation structure than the liquid in the gas-liquid cylinder and the gas-liquid isolation structure." The condition of the sum of inertial forces is achieved, for example, by adjusting the working pressure in the closed loop of the working fluid, adjusting the mass of the gas-liquid isolating structure, adjusting the density of the liquid, or adjusting the depth of the liquid, wherein the liquid depth is Refers to the depth of the liquid in the direction of reciprocation.

The so-called "adjusting the working pressure in the working fluid closed circuit" is achieved by adjusting the volume flow rate of the gaseous working fluid flowing into and/or out of the working fluid closed circuit, for example, by adjusting the working fluid outlet The switching interval, the time of each opening, and/or the size of the opening of the control valve at the working fluid outlet is achieved.

The inventors propose the following description of the new book of the P-T diagram and the second law of thermodynamics:

Pressure and temperature are the most basic and important state parameters of the working fluid. However, in the thermodynamic studies to date, P-T maps with pressure P and temperature τ as coordinates have not been used in the study of thermodynamic processes and thermodynamic cycles. For more than two hundred years since the birth of thermodynamics, the inventors have for the first time proposed the idea of studying thermodynamic processes and thermodynamic cycles using P-T diagrams. In the study of thermodynamic processes and thermodynamic cycles using PT maps, the inventors have found that PT maps have obvious advantages over commonly used PV maps and τ-s maps, which can more fully describe the working conditions of thermodynamic processes and thermodynamic cycles. The changes have enabled the inventors to have a deeper understanding of thermodynamic processes and thermodynamic cycles. Using the PT diagram, the inventors summarized ten new ways of elaboration of the second law of thermodynamics. These new elaborations are equivalent to the previous methods of thermodynamics of Kelvin and Clausius, but more clearly reveal the work. The difference between the quality heating process and the compression process also points the way for the development of high-efficiency heat engines. This new method and new law will greatly promote the development of thermodynamics and the advancement of the heat engine industry. details as follows-

PV and TS maps have long been widely used in thermodynamic research, yet given? T is the most important state parameter of the working fluid, so the inventors plotted the PT map with the pressure P and the temperature T as coordinates, and identified the Carnot Cycle and the Otto Cycle in the PT map shown in FIG. Obviously, the PT map makes the changes in the working state of the thermodynamic process and the thermodynamic cycle more obvious, and makes the nature of the thermodynamic process and the thermodynamic cycle easier to understand. For example: The PT diagram of the Carnot Cycle shown in Figure 26 allows the inventors to easily conclude that the mission of the reversible adiabatic compression process of Carnot Cycle is to increase the temperature of the working fluid to a reversible adiabatic compression. The temperature of the high-temperature heat source is constant temperature endothermic expansion process from the high-temperature heat source under the premise of keeping the temperature of the high-temperature heat source consistent. Furthermore, the inventors can clearly see that when the temperature of the high temperature heat source of the Carnot Cycle rises, the inventors must compress the working medium to a deeper level in the reversible adiabatic compression process of the Carnot Cycle to make it higher. The temperature to reach the temperature of the high-temperature heat source after the temperature rise, in order to achieve the same temperature as the temperature of the high-temperature heat source after the temperature rise, the temperature of the high-temperature heat source after self-heating is constant temperature heat absorption The expansion process, thereby achieving efficiency.

According to the adiabatic process equation p = cr^ (where ^c is a constant and A is the adiabatic index of the working medium), the inventors plotted the curves of the adiabatic process equations of different C values in Fig. 27. According to the mathematical analysis, and as shown in Fig. 27, any two adiabatic process curves do not intersect. This means that the process on the same adiabatic process curve is an adiabatic process, and the process of intersecting any adiabatic process curve is a non-adiabatic process. In other words, any process connecting two different adiabatic process curves is a non-adiabatic process (so-called A non-adiabatic process refers to a process with heat transfer, that is, an exothermic process and an endothermic process). In Fig. 28, the inventors have marked two state points, point A and point B. If a thermal process or a series of interconnected thermal processes arrives from point A to point B, the inventors refer to the process of connecting point A and point B, whereas the inventors call the process of connecting point B and point A. . According to Fig. 28, the inventors can conclude that if point B is on the adiabatic process curve where point A is located, the process of connecting point A and point B is an adiabatic process; if point B is at point A On the right side of the adiabatic process curve, the process of connecting point A and point B is an endothermic process; if point B is to the left of the adiabatic process curve where point A is located, the process of connecting point A and point B is an exothermic process. Since the process of connecting the point A and the point B may be an exothermic process, an adiabatic process or an endothermic process, the inventors have defined point A as having a surplus temperature, an ideal temperature, and an insufficient temperature, respectively, with reference to point B. Similarly, the process of connecting point B and point A may be an exothermic process, an adiabatic process or an endothermic process, so the inventor uses point A as a reference, and the book defines point B as having an excess temperature, an ideal temperature, and an insufficient temperature. .

Through these analyses and definitions, the inventors have come up with the following ten new ways of clarifying the second law of thermodynamics:

1. Without the participation of the endothermic process, it is impossible to restore the exothermic process to its starting point.

2. Without the participation of the exothermic process, it is impossible to restore the endothermic process to its starting point.

3. Without the participation of non-adiabatic processes, it is impossible to restore the non-adiabatic process to its starting point.

4. It is impossible to restore the non-adiabatic process to its starting point using only the adiabatic process.

5. When the pressure of the endothermic process is restored to the pressure at the starting point by a thermal process other than the exothermic process, the temperature must be higher than the temperature at the starting point.

6. When the pressure of the exothermic process is restored to the pressure at the starting point by a thermal process other than the endothermic process, the temperature must be lower than the temperature at the starting point.

7. It is impossible for the endothermic process to not generate excess temperature.

8. The exothermic process is unlikely to produce insufficient temperature.

9. The efficiency of any heat engine that does not exotherm during compression cannot achieve the efficiency of the Carnot cycle.

10. The difference between the heating process of the working fluid and the compression process of the working fluid is that the heating process must generate excess temperature, but the compression process is not.

The ten new elaborations of the second law of thermodynamics are equivalent and can be mathematically proven. Any of these ten elaborations can be used alone. The inventors suggest that: In the thermodynamics research process, the P-T diagram and the above-mentioned new elaboration method for the second law of thermodynamics should be widely applied. The P-T diagram and the new elaboration of the second law of thermodynamics are of great significance for the advancement of thermodynamics and the development of efficient heat engines.

English expression of the new way of elaboration of the second law of thermodynamics - Instruction manual

1. It is impossible to return a heat rejection process to its initial state without a heat injection process involved.

2. It is impossible to return a heat injection process to its initial state without a heat rejection process involved.

3. It is impossible to return a non-adiabatic process to its initial state without a non-adiabatic process involved.

4. It is impossible to return a non-adiabatic process to its initial state only by adiabatic process.

5. If the final pressure of heat injection process is returned to its initial pressure by process other than heat rejection process, the temperature of that state is higher than that of the initial state.

If the final pressure of the heat rejection process is returned to its initial pressure by process other than heat injection process, the temperature of that state is lower than that of the initial state.

7. It is impossible to make heat injection process not generate excess-temperature.

8. It is impossible to make heat rejection process not generate insufficient- temperature.

9. It is impossible for any device that operates on a cycle to reach the efficiency indicated by Carnot cycle without heat rejection in compression process.

The difference between heat injection process and compression process which is applied to working fluid of thermodynamic process or cycle is that heat injection process must generate excess-temperature, but compression process must not,

In the present invention, necessary components, units or systems are provided where necessary in accordance with well-known techniques in the field of hot air machines. The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

The invention replaces the external combustion heating mode of the traditional hot air machine by using the internal combustion heating mode, and applies the direct heating of the internal combustion heating mode to the hot air machine, thereby overcoming the temperature and pressure of the working medium due to the difficulty of the conventional hot air machine. The higher level affects the power and power density, which can effectively save energy and greatly reduce the size, weight and manufacturing cost of the mechanism, and has broad application prospects.

DRAWINGS

1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

2 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

4 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 6 of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 7 of the present invention; 8 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 8 of the present invention;

Figure 9 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 9 of the present invention;

Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 10 of the present invention;

Figure 11 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 11 of the present invention:

Figure 12 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 12 of the present invention;

Figure 13 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 13 of the present invention;

Figure 14 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 14 of the present invention;

Figure 15 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 15 of the present invention;

Figure 16 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 16 of the present invention;

Figure 17 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 17 of the present invention;

Figure 18 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 18 of the present invention;

Figure 19 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 19 of the present invention;

Figure 20 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 20 of the present invention;

Figure 21 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 21 of the present invention;

Figure 22 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 22 of the present invention;

Figure 23 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 23 of the present invention;

Figure 24 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 24 of the present invention;

Figure 25 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 25 of the present invention;

Figure 26 shows the PT diagram of the Carnot cycle and the Alto cycle, where ^{C is} . , G and is a constant of different values, is the adiabatic index, the cycle 0-1-2-3-0 is the Carnot cycle, and the cycle 0-1-4-5-0 is the Carnot cycle after the temperature of the high temperature heat source rises. Cycle 0-6-7-8-0 is the Alto cycle;

Figure 27 is a PT diagram of a plurality of different adiabatic process curves, wherein ^CC 2 , ^C 3 , and G are constants of different values, are adiabatic indices, and A and B are state points;

Figure 28 shows the P-T diagram of the adiabatic process curve, where C is a constant, is the adiabatic index, and A and B are the state points.

In the picture:

1 cylinder piston mechanism, 101 working fluid inlet, 102 working fluid outlet, 105 hot gas inlet, 2 communication passage, 21 communication passage, 3 internal combustion combustion chamber, 300 side internal combustion combustion chamber, 301 oxidant inlet, 302 reducing agent inlet, 4 work Mass outlet, 201 check valve, 401 control valve, 402 non-condensing gas outlet, 403 cryogenic liquid working fluid outlet, 404 cooling liquid discharge port, 5 oxidant source, 6 fuel source, 7 cooler, 71 throttle expander , 72 gas-liquid direct-mixing cooler, 73 adsorption refrigeration system, 701 heat-exchange cooler, 8 heat exchanger, 801 non-direct mixing condensing cooler, 802 straight-mix condensing cooler, 9 cryogenic liquid working fluid storage tank , 10 subsidiary gas work mechanism, 104 crankcase, 11 non-condensable gas storage tank, 12 non-condensable gas storage compressor, 14 turbine power mechanism, 15 impeller compressor, 16 three-way catalytic converter, 44 oxidant sensor, 45 oxidant control Device, 46 oxidant control valve, 55 auxiliary working fluid outlet, 66 low temperature cold source, 67 auxiliary cooler, 111 impeller gas compression mechanism, 211 impeller gas working mechanism, 91 piston liquid mechanism, 94 gas liquid , Junction isolation liquid 95 Structure, 96 hydraulic power mechanism, 97 liquid working fluid return system connection, 98 process control mechanism, 99 four-class door cylinder piston mechanism, 991 air inlet, 992 exhaust port, 993 air supply port, 994 refill port.

detailed description

Example 1

The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine shown in FIG. 1 includes a cylinder piston mechanism 1 and a communication passage 2, and the cylinder of the cylinder piston mechanism 1 is provided with a working fluid inlet 101 and a working fluid outlet 102, and the communication passage 2 Connecting the working fluid inlet 101 and the working fluid outlet 102, the cylinder piston mechanism 1 and the communication passage 2 constitute a working fluid closed circuit, and an internal combustion combustion chamber 3 is provided in the working fluid closed circuit. The working fluid outlet 4 is disposed on the working fluid closed circuit.

As shown in the figure, the internal combustion combustion chamber 3 is disposed in the communication passage 2, and the working fluid closed circuit at the position of the internal combustion combustion chamber 3 is provided with an oxidant inlet 301 and a reducing agent inlet 302. The oxidant inlet 301 is in communication with an oxidant source 5 that is in communication with a fuel source 6. The working fluid outlet 4 is disposed on the communication passage 2 between the working fluid outlet 102 of the cylinder piston mechanism 1 and the internal combustion combustion chamber 3, and the working fluid outlet 4 is provided with a control valve 401. . The working fluid outlet 4 can discharge part of the heat while deriving the working medium. A check valve 201 is provided on the communication passage 2. The check valve 201 causes the working fluid in the closed circuit of the working fluid to circulate in a one-way circulation (as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1). The control valve 401 is controlled by a control mechanism that causes the minimum pressure of the book in the closed circuit of the working fluid to be greater than 0.2 MPa. Alternatively, the control valve 401 is controlled by a control mechanism that causes the lowest pressure in the working fluid closed circuit to be greater than 0.3 MPa, 0.5 MPa lMPa, 1.5 MPa, 2 MPa, 2.5 MPa, 3 MPa, 5 MPa, 8 MPa, or greater than 10 MPa.

The pressure-receiving capacity of the working fluid closed circuit is 15 MPa, and the pressure of the oxidant source and the reducing agent source is 20 MPa. Optionally, the pressure bearing capacity of the working fluid closed loop is set to be greater than 2.5 MPa, 3 MPa, 3.5 MPa, 4 MPa, 4.5 MPa, 5 MPa, 5.5 MPa, 6 MPa, 6.5 MPa, 7 MPa, 7.5 MPa, 8 MPa, 8.5 MPa. , 9MPa, 9.5MPa, 10MPa, 10.5MPa, HMPa, 11.5MPa, 12MPa, 12.5MPa, 13MPa, 13.5MPa, 14MPa, 14.5MPa, 15MPa, 15.5MPa, 16MPa, 16.5MPa, 17MPa, 17.5MPa, 18MPa, 18.5MPa , employed Pa, 19.5MPa, 20MPa, 20.5MPa, 21MPa, 22MPa, 23MPa, 24MPa, 25MPa, 26MPa> 27MPa, 28MPa, 29MPa, 30MPa, 31MPa, 32MPa, 33MPa, 34MPa, 35MPa, 36MPa, 37MPa 38MPa, 39MPa or greater 40MPa. Accordingly, the pressure-receiving ability of the oxidant source 5 and the fuel source 6 is also set to the same numerical range as described above. Since the oxidant source 5 or the substance in the fuel source 6 needs to be injected into the closed circuit of the working fluid, in practical applications, the pressure bearing capacity of the oxidant source 5 or the fuel source 6 is generally set to It is greater than the pressure bearing capacity of the closed circuit of the working fluid.

The working process of the embodiment: the oxidant in the oxidant source 5 and the fuel in the fuel source 6 enter the internal combustion combustion chamber 3 via the oxidant inlet 301 and the reducing agent inlet 302, respectively, and An oxidation-reduction reaction occurs in the internal combustion combustion chamber 3 to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure gas working medium, and enters the cylinder piston mechanism 1 through the working fluid inlet 101 to push the piston down, and externally output power; when the piston is ascending, it will be low after work. The low-pressure gas working medium is compressed, and the compressed gas working medium is heated again in the internal combustion combustion chamber 3, and then the piston of the cylinder piston mechanism 1 is pushed down, and the above-mentioned cyclic process is sequentially repeated. Since the above cycle process will generate a large amount of gas working medium, if excessive The working fluid outlet 4 is led out, and the working fluid outlet 4 can extract part of the heat while deriving the working medium. Example 2

The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine shown in Fig. 2 differs from the first embodiment in that the working fluid outlet 4 is provided on the cylinder piston mechanism 1.

Example 3

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine as shown in FIG. 3 differs from Embodiment 1 in that the oxidant inlet 301 is provided between the working fluid outlet 102 and the working fluid outlet 4 On channel 2. The oxidant inlet 301 is in communication with the oxidant source 5. Say

The oxidant in the oxidant source 5 may be a low temperature oxidant such as liquid oxygen or liquefied air. The oxidant enters the working fluid closed loop through the oxidant inlet 301, and the working fluid flowing out of the working fluid outlet 102 can be cooled, and the oxidant participates in the working fluid circulation in the closed loop of the working fluid, and is in the A combustion chemical reaction occurs in the internal combustion combustion chamber 3 with the fuel introduced into the fuel source 6.

Example 4

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine as shown in FIG. 4 differs from Embodiment 2 in that: the single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further includes a cooler 7, and the cooler 7 is disposed in the working book The communication passage 2 between the outlet 102 and the internal combustion combustion chamber 3 is on.

Example 5

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine as shown in FIG. 5 differs from Embodiment 4 in that the working fluid outlet 4 is provided in the communication between the working fluid outlet 102 and the cooler 7. On the channel 2, the cooler 7 is set to a gas-liquid direct mixing cooler 72. The working fluid flowing out from the working fluid outlet 102 of the cylinder piston mechanism 1 is first discharged from the working fluid outlet 4 and released a part of the heat, and then cooled and cooled by the gas-liquid direct mixing cooler 72.

In the present embodiment, the gas-liquid direct mixing cooler 72 is provided with a cooling liquid introduction port and a conducting port on the working fluid closed circuit, and the principle is to absorb the gas in the working fluid closed circuit by using the introduced liquid. The heat of the working medium is cooled and cooled, and the heated liquid is further discharged from the closed circuit of the working fluid; a gas-liquid separator can be used for exporting to prevent the gas working fluid from flowing out.

Example 6

The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine as described in FIG. 6 differs from the first embodiment in that: the internal combustion combustion chamber 3 is disposed in a cylinder of the cylinder piston mechanism 1, on the cylinder of the cylinder piston mechanism 1. An oxidant inlet 301 is provided and the reductant inlet 302 is in communication with the oxidant source 5, the reductant inlet 302 being in communication with the fuel source 6. The oxidant source 5 is set to be a liquid oxygen, the single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further includes a cooler 7, the cooler 7 is set as a heat exchange cooler 701, and the heat exchange cooling The 701 is disposed on the communication passage 2 between the working fluid outlet 102 and the working fluid outlet 4, and uses the communication passage 2 as a cooled fluid passage of the heat exchange cooler 701. The oxidant source 5 is in communication with the oxidant inlet 301 via a heated fluid passage of the heat exchange cooler 701. Since the temperature of the oxidant source 5 is very low, it can be used as a refrigerant of the heat exchange cooler 701 to cool the working fluid when the work is completed. Description of the Invention Example 7

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine as shown in FIG. 7 differs from Embodiment 6 in that cooling is provided on the communication passage 2 between the working fluid outlet 102 and the working fluid outlet 4 7. A non-direct mixing condensing cooler 801 is disposed on the communication passage 2 between the cooler 7 and the internal combustion combustion chamber 3, and the communication passage 2 is used as the heat exchange cooler 701 Cool the fluid channel. The working fluid outlet 4 is disposed on the cooled fluid passage of the non-direct mixing condensing cooler 801.

A portion of the working medium that has been cooled by the cooler 7 and further condensed by the non-direct mixed condensing cooler 801 can be led out from the working fluid outlet 4.

Example 8

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine as shown in FIG. 8 differs from the embodiment 4 in that: the internal combustion combustion chamber 3 is disposed in a cylinder of the cylinder piston mechanism 1, on the cylinder of the cylinder piston mechanism 1. An oxidant inlet 301 is provided in communication with the oxidant source 5, the reducing agent inlet 302 is in communication with the fuel source 6, and the cooler 7 is provided as a desorber of the adsorption refrigeration system 73, The working fluid outlet 4 is provided in the communication passage 2.

The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further includes a heat exchanger 8 having a hot fluid passage between the working fluid outlet 102 and the desorber of the adsorption refrigeration system 73 a communication passage 2, the cold fluid passage of the heat exchanger 8 is set as the communication passage 2 between the desorber of the adsorption refrigeration system 73 and the internal combustion combustion chamber 3 (ie, the adsorption in the embodiment) The communication passage between the desorber of the refrigeration system 73 and the working fluid inlet 101). The higher temperature working fluid that has been completed from the cylinder piston mechanism 1 needs to be cooled down to the next cycle, and the heat exchanger 8 can initially cool the working medium, and then use the adsorption refrigeration. The desorber of system 73 is further cooled, and the low temperature working fluid flowing out of the desorber of the adsorption refrigeration system 73 can be used as the refrigerant of the heat exchanger 8 to flow out from the working fluid outlet 102. The quality is initially cooled.

Further, the present embodiment eliminates the check valve 102 of the embodiment 4, and instead, a corresponding valve is provided at the working fluid outlet 102 and the working fluid inlet 101.

Example 9

The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine shown in Fig. 9 differs from the embodiment 7 in that the cooled fluid inlet of the non-direct-mixing condensing cooler 801 is connected to the working fluid outlet 4.

Example 10

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine as shown in FIG. 10 differs from Embodiment 9 in that: the oxidant source 5 passes through the heated fluid passage of the non-direct-mixing condensing cooler 801 and the cylinder piston mechanism 1 The cylinders are connected.

Example 11

The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine shown in FIG. 11 is different from the embodiment 10 in that: the non-direct-mixing condensing cooler 801 is further provided with a non-condensing gas outlet 402, and the non-condensing gas outlet 402 is The working fluid is in closed loop communication, specifically connected to the communication passage 2 .

Example 12 The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine shown in FIG. 12 differs from the embodiment 10 in that: the direct-mix condensing cooler 802 is replaced with the non-direct-mix condensing cooler 801. The cooled fluid inlet of the direct mixing condensing cooler 802 is in communication with the working fluid outlet 4, which is in communication with the heated fluid inlet of the direct mixing condensing cooler 802.

A cryogenic liquid working fluid outlet 403 is disposed on the direct mixing condensing cooler 802. The working fluid derived from the working fluid outlet 4 is condensed in the direct mixing condensing cooler 802 by the oxidant introduced from the oxidant source 5 and then discharged from the cryogenic liquid working outlet 403.

The oxidant is heated in the straight-mix condensing cooler 802 by the working fluid derived from the working fluid outlet 4 and then introduced into the internal combustion combustion chamber 3 via a pipe. Say

Example 13

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine as shown in FIG. 13 differs from Embodiment 12 in that: the single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further includes a cooling liquid discharge port 404, and the cooling liquid discharge port 404 is disposed at The communication passage 2 between the cooler 7 and the working fluid outlet 4 is described. A portion of the high condensation point working medium (e.g., water vapor) in the working fluid closed circuit is condensed by the cooler 7 and then withdrawn from the cooling liquid discharge port 404.

The single-cylinder U-flow entropy cycle engine further includes a cryogenic liquid working fluid storage tank 9, and the cryogenic liquid working fluid storage tank 9 is in communication with the cryogenic liquid working fluid outlet 403. A low condensation point working fluid (e.g., carbon dioxide) derived from the working fluid outlet 4 is condensed in the direct mixing condensing cooler 802 and introduced into the cryogenic liquid from the cryogenic liquid working outlet 403. It is stored in the working fluid storage tank 9.

Example 14

The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine shown in Fig. 14 differs from the embodiment 9 in that it further includes an auxiliary gas working mechanism, and the working fluid outlet 4 communicates with the working medium inlet of the subsidiary gas working mechanism. In the present embodiment, the auxiliary gas working mechanism is an auxiliary impeller type gas working mechanism 211.

Alternatively, the auxiliary gas working mechanism in the embodiment may also be a gas working mechanism such as a Roots gas working mechanism, a screw gas working mechanism or a piston gas working mechanism.

Example 15

The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine shown in FIG. 15 differs from the embodiment 9 in that: in the working fluid closed circuit, a part of the gas participating in the cycle is non-condensable, and the single-cylinder U-flow entropy cycle The engine further includes a non-condensable storage tank 11 that is in communication with the working fluid closed circuit via a control device.

The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further includes a non-condensing gas returning compressor 12, and the inlet port of the non-condensing gas returning compressor 12 is connected to the working fluid closed circuit via a control valve, the non-condensing The gas outlet of the gas storage compressor 12 is in communication with the non-condensable gas storage tank 11 via a control valve.

Example 16

The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine shown in FIG. 16 differs from the embodiment 15 in that the working fluid inlet of the cooler 7 communicates with the working fluid outlet 4 to enhance the cooling effect of the cooler 7. A throttle expander 71 is connected to the working fluid outlet of the cooler 7. After the working fluid derived from the working fluid outlet 4 is cooled and cooled by the cooler 7 , the working fluid in the closed circuit of the working fluid is further cooled by the throttle expander 71 . Description of the Invention Example 17

The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine shown in FIG. 17 differs from the embodiment 1 in that: this embodiment includes two communication passages, which are a communication passage 2 and a communication passage 21, respectively, and the internal combustion combustion chamber 3 is disposed at In the communication passage 21, the cooler 7 and the working fluid outlet 4 are disposed on the communication passage 2.

a turbine power mechanism 14 is disposed on the communication passage 2 between the working fluid outlet 102 of the cylinder piston mechanism 1 and the cooler 7, a working fluid inlet of the turbine power mechanism 14 and the cylinder piston mechanism 1 The working fluid outlet 102 is in communication, and the working fluid discharged through the working fluid outlet 102 of the cylinder piston mechanism 1 is still in a high temperature and high pressure state, and the turbine power mechanism 14 is available.

An impeller compressor 15 is disposed on the communication passage 2 between the working fluid inlet 101 of the cylinder piston mechanism 1 and the working fluid outlet 4, and the working fluid outlet of the impeller compressor 15 and the cylinder piston The working fluid inlet 101 of the mechanism 1 is in communication.

The turbine power mechanism 14 can output power to the impeller compressor 15.

Example 18

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine as shown in FIG. 18 differs from Embodiment 18 in that: the internal combustion combustion chamber 3 is set as a bypass internal combustion combustion chamber 300, and the bypass internal combustion combustion chamber 300 and the cylinder The hot gas inlet 105 provided on the cylinder of the piston mechanism 1 is in communication.

Example 19

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine as shown in FIG. 19 differs from Embodiment 9 in that: a three-way catalyst is provided on the communication passage 2 between the working fluid outlet 4 and the cooler 7. 16.

Example 20

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine as shown in FIG. 20 differs from Embodiment 4 in that: the internal combustion combustion chamber 3 is disposed in the cylinder piston mechanism 1, and the working fluid outlet 4 is disposed in the On the communication passage 2, the working fluid outlet 4 communicates with the outside via a control valve 401, and the cooler 7 is disposed between the working fluid outlet 4 and the working fluid inlet 101 of the cylinder piston mechanism 1. On the communication channel 2, the single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further includes a low-temperature cold source 66, and between the low-temperature cold source 66 and the working fluid inlet 101 of the cylinder-piston mechanism 1 and the cooler 7 The communication passage 2 is in communication, and the low temperature cold source 66 is for providing a low temperature substance for cooling the working fluid that is about to enter the cylinder piston mechanism 1.

Alternatively, the cryogenic substance is directly introduced into the cylinder piston mechanism 1 to cool the working fluid in the cylinder piston mechanism 1.

Example 21

The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine shown in FIG. 21 differs from the embodiment 21 in that: the single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further includes an impeller type gas compression mechanism 111, and the working fluid outlet 4 The working fluid inlet of the impeller-type gas working mechanism 211 is in communication, and the working fluid outlet of the impeller-type gas working mechanism 211 is connected to the working fluid inlet of the impeller-type gas compression mechanism 111 via an auxiliary cooler 67. The working fluid outlet of the gas compression mechanism 111 is in communication with the working fluid closed circuit; the working fluid outlet of the impeller type gas working mechanism 211 and the impeller type gas compression mechanism 111 Instruction manual

An auxiliary working fluid outlet 55 is provided on the communication passage between the working fluid inlets.

The auxiliary working fluid outlet 55 shown in the drawing is provided on a communication passage between the auxiliary cooler 67 and the working fluid inlet of the impeller type gas compression mechanism 111.

Alternatively, the auxiliary working fluid outlet 55 is provided on a passage between the working fluid outlet of the impeller type gas working mechanism 211 and the auxiliary cooler 67. The working fluid outlet of the impeller type gas compression mechanism 111 is in communication with a communication port provided on the closed circuit of the working fluid, and the communication port and the working fluid outlet 4 are disposed at different positions on the working fluid closed circuit. .

The impeller type gas working mechanism 211 can further perform work by using the working fluid flowing out of the working fluid outlet 4 after the work is completed in the cylinder piston mechanism 1, and the working fluid of the impeller type gas compression mechanism 111 Further compression is performed to increase the efficiency of the engine.

In a specific implementation, optionally, the impeller type gas work mechanism 211 can output power to the impeller type gas compression mechanism 111.

Example 22

The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine shown in FIG. 22 differs from the embodiment 18 in that: the side-by-side internal combustion combustion chamber 300 is configured as a four-type door cylinder piston mechanism 99, and the four-type door cylinder piston mechanism 99 The cylinder is provided with an air inlet 991, an exhaust port 992, a gas supply port 993 and a refill port 994, at the air inlet 991, the exhaust port 992, the air supply port 993 and the back The filling port 994 is correspondingly provided with an intake valve, an exhaust valve, a supply valve and a refilling door; the oxidant source 5 and the fuel source 6 are in communication with the air inlet 991, and the four types of door cylinder pistons The mechanism 99 is provided with an ignition device. After the oxidant source 5 and the fuel source 6 perform a combustion chemical reaction in the four types of door cylinder piston mechanism 99, a part of the high temperature and high pressure working medium can be used to make the four types of door cylinders. The piston mechanism 99 performs work, and another part of the working fluid enters the cylinder piston mechanism 1 through the air supply port 993, and the refill port 994 communicates with the working fluid outlet 4, and is derived from the working fluid outlet 4. Part of the working medium is introduced from the refill port 994 Based cylinder-piston mechanism within the door 99, the door four cylinder-piston mechanism 99 via exhaust port 992 of the refrigerant discharge portion.

Example 23

The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine shown in FIG. 23 differs from the embodiment 5 in that the single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further includes four types of door cylinder piston mechanisms 99, and the four types of door cylinder piston mechanisms. The cylinder of 99 is provided with an air inlet 991, an exhaust port 992, a gas supply port 993 and a refill port 994, at the air inlet 991, the exhaust port 992, the air supply port 993 and the The intake port 994 is correspondingly provided with an intake valve, an exhaust valve, a supply valve and a refill door; the oxidant source 5 and the fuel source 6 are in communication with the air inlet 991, and the four types of door cylinder pistons The compressed working medium of the mechanism 99 enters the cylinder piston mechanism 1 through the air supply port 993, the internal combustion combustion chamber 3 is disposed in the cylinder piston mechanism 1, the working fluid outlet 4 and the backfill Port 994 is in communication, and the four types of door cylinder piston mechanism 99 discharges part of the working medium through the exhaust port 992.

Example 24

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine as shown in FIG. 24 differs from Embodiment 21 in that: the single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further includes an oxidant sensor 44 and an oxidant control device 45, the oxidant sensor 44 including Oxygen Description

a reagent probe, the oxidant probe is disposed in the communication passage 2, the oxidant sensor 44 provides a signal to the oxidant control device 45, and the oxidant source 5 is connected to the working fluid closed circuit via an oxidant control valve 46. The oxidant control device 45 controls the oxidant control valve 46 to open or close to adjust the amount of oxidant in the working fluid closed circuit.

Example 25

The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine shown in FIG. 25 differs from the first embodiment in that: the gas compression mechanism 1 is provided as a piston liquid mechanism 91, and the piston liquid mechanism 91 includes a gas-liquid cylinder 94 and gas-liquid isolation. Structure 95, the gas-liquid isolation structure 95 is disposed in the gas-liquid cylinder 94. The liquid end of the gas cylinder 94 is in communication with a hydraulic power unit 96, and the hydraulic power unit 96 is in communication with a liquid working fluid return system 97. The liquid working medium return system 97 is in communication with the liquid end of the gas cylinder 94. The hydraulic power mechanism 96 and the liquid working fluid return system 97 are controlled by a process control mechanism 98. The gas working medium in the gas-liquid cylinder 94 has a pressure greater than the sum of the inertial forces of the liquid in the gas-liquid cylinder 94 and the gas-liquid isolation structure 95 when the gas-liquid isolation structure 95 reciprocates. The gas-liquid insulation structure 95 is prevented from hitting the cylinder head of the gas-liquid cylinder 94.

In all of the above embodiments, the mass flow rate of the substance discharged from the internal combustion combustion chamber 3 is greater than the mass flow rate of the substance introduced into the internal combustion combustion chamber 3 from outside the working fluid circuit.

The internal combustion combustion chamber described in all of the above embodiments may be a continuous combustion chamber or a batch combustion chamber. When the intermittent combustion chamber is used, different intermittent combustion timing relationships may be selected as needed. It is apparent that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and many variations can be derived or conceived according to the well-known art in the art and the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention, and all such modifications are also considered to be the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

Claim

A single-cylinder U-flow entropy cycle engine comprising a cylinder piston mechanism (1) and a communication passage (2), the cylinder piston mechanism (1) having a working fluid inlet (101) and a working fluid outlet ( 102), the communication passage (2) communicates with the working fluid inlet (101) and the working fluid outlet (102), and the cylinder of the cylinder piston mechanism (1) and the communication passage (2) constitute a working fluid The closed circuit is characterized in that: an internal combustion combustion chamber (3) is arranged in the working fluid closed circuit, and a working fluid outlet (4) is arranged on the working fluid closed circuit.

2. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 1, wherein: said internal combustion combustion chamber (3) is disposed in a cylinder of said cylinder piston mechanism (1), said working fluid outlet (4) ) is provided on the communication channel (2).

3. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 1, wherein: said internal combustion combustion chamber (3) is disposed in said communication passage (2), and said working fluid outlet (4) is provided at The cylinder of the cylinder piston mechanism (1) is either disposed on the communication passage (2) between the working fluid outlet (102) of the cylinder piston mechanism (1) and the internal combustion combustion chamber (3).

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 1, wherein: said single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further comprises a cooler (7), said cooler (7) being disposed on said working fluid Close the loop.

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 4, wherein: said cooler (7) is a desorber of a gas-liquid direct mixing cooler (72) or an adsorption refrigeration system (73).

6. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 4, wherein: said cooler (7) is disposed upstream of said working fluid outlet (102), said internal combustion combustion chamber (3) It is on the downstream communication channel (2).

7. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 6, wherein: said cooler (7) is set as a heat exchange cooler (701), and said internal combustion combustion chamber (3) is upstream. The communication passage (2) downstream of the working fluid outlet (4) is set as a cooled fluid passage of the heat exchange cooler (701).

8. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine of claim 7 wherein said single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further comprises an oxidant source (5), said oxidant source (5) being said to be heat exchanged The heated fluid passage of the cooler (701) is in communication with the working fluid closed circuit.

9. The single cylinder U flow entropy cycle engine of claim 4 wherein: said single cylinder U flow entropy cycle engine further comprises a heat exchanger (8), said working fluid outlet (102) and said cooling The communication passage (2) between the heaters (7) is set as a cooled fluid passage of the heat exchanger (8), and between the cooler (7) and the internal combustion combustion chamber (3) The communication passage (2) is set as the heated fluid passage of the heat exchanger (8).

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 1, wherein: said communication passage (2) is provided with a check valve (201).

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 1, wherein a control valve (401) is provided on said working fluid outlet (4).

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 11, wherein: said control valve (401) is provided as a pressure control valve.

13. The single cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine of claim 1 wherein: said internal combustion combustion chamber (3) is configured as an internal combustion continuous combustion chamber or an internal combustion intermittent combustion chamber. Claim

14. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine of claim 1 wherein: said single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further comprises a non-direct-mix condensing cooler (801), said non-direct-mix condensing cooler ( The cooled working fluid inlet of 801) is in communication with the working fluid outlet (4).

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 14, wherein: said non-direct mixed condensing cooler (801) is provided with a condensed liquid working fluid outlet.

16. The single cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine of claim 14 or 15, wherein: said non-direct mixing condensing cooler (801) is provided with a non-condensable gas outlet (402).

17. The single cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine of claim 16 wherein: said non-condensable gas outlet (402) is in communication with said working fluid closed circuit.

18. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine of claim 14 or 15, wherein: said single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further comprises an oxidant source (5), said oxidant source (5) passing said non- The heated fluid passage of the direct mixing condensing cooler (801) is in communication with the working fluid closed circuit.

19. The single cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine of claim 18, wherein: said oxidant source (5) passes through said heated fluid passage of said non-direct mixing condensing cooler (801) and said internal combustion chamber (3) Connected.

20. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine of claim 1 wherein: said single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further comprises a direct-mix condensing cooler (802) and an oxidant source (5), said direct mixing A cooled fluid inlet of the condensing cooler (802) is in communication with the working fluid outlet (4), the oxidant source (5) being in communication with the heated fluid inlet of the direct mixing condensing cooler (802).

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 20, wherein said direct-mix condensing cooler (802) is provided with a cryogenic liquid working fluid outlet (403).

22. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine of claim 21, wherein: said single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further comprises a cryogenic liquid working fluid storage tank (9), said cryogenic liquid working fluid storage Tank (9) and the cryogenic liquid working fluid outlet

(403) Connected.

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 20 or 21, wherein: said direct-mixing condensing cooler (802) is provided with a non-condensable gas outlet (402).

24. The single cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine of claim 23, wherein: said non-condensable gas outlet (402) is in communication with said working fluid closed circuit.

The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 20 or 21, wherein: said oxidant source (5) is connected to said internal combustion chamber (3) via said direct-mix condensing cooler (802) .

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 20, wherein: said single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further includes a cooling liquid discharge port (404), and said cooling liquid discharge port (404) is provided at The communication passage (2) between the cooler (7) and the working fluid outlet (4).

27. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine of claim 1 wherein: said single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further comprises an accessory gas work mechanism, said working fluid outlet (4) and said subsidiary gas The working fluid inlet of the work mechanism is connected. Claim

28. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 27, wherein: said subsidiary gas working mechanism is an impeller gas working mechanism (211), a Roots gas working mechanism, a screw gas working mechanism or Piston gas work mechanism.

29. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine of claim 1 wherein: said single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further comprises an oxidant source (5), said oxidant source (5) being closed to said working fluid The loop is connected.

30. The single cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine of claim 29, wherein: said oxidant source (5) is in communication with said internal combustion chamber (3).

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 29, wherein: said oxidant source (5) has a pressure greater than 2 MPa.

32. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 1, wherein: in the closed circuit of the working fluid, a part of the gas participating in the circulation is non-condensable.

33. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine of claim 32, wherein said single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further comprises a non-condensable gas storage tank (11), said non-condensable gas storage tank (11) The control device is in communication with the working fluid closed circuit.

34. The single cylinder U flow entropy cycle engine of claim 33, wherein: said single cylinder U flow entropy cycle engine further comprises a non-condensable gas return compressor (12), said non-condensable gas return pressure The air inlet of the reducer (12) is in communication with the working fluid closed circuit via a control valve, and the gas outlet of the non-condensable gas returning compressor (12) is controlled by the control chamber and the non-condensable gas storage tank (11) Connected.

35. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 1, wherein: said internal combustion combustion chamber (3) is a side-by-side internal combustion combustion chamber (300), and said side internal combustion combustion chamber (300) The working fluid outlet is in communication with the working fluid closed loop.

A single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 35, wherein said side-by-side internal combustion chamber (300) is a side-by-side internal combustion continuous combustion chamber or a side-by-side internal combustion intermittent combustion chamber.

37. The single cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine of claim 1 wherein: said working fluid closed circuit has a pressure bearing capacity greater than 2 MPa.

38. The single cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine of claim 1 wherein: a three-way catalyst (16) is disposed on the closed circuit of the working fluid.

39. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine of claim 1 wherein: said single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further comprises a cryogenic cold source (66), said cryogenic cold source (66) The working fluid outlet (102) is upstream and the working fluid downstream of the internal combustion combustion chamber (3) is in closed loop communication.

40. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 27, wherein: said auxiliary work mechanism is an impeller type gas work mechanism (211), and said single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further includes an impeller type gas a compression mechanism (111), the working fluid outlet of the impeller type gas working mechanism (211) is connected to the working fluid inlet of the impeller type gas compression mechanism (111) via an auxiliary cooler (67), the impeller type gas pressure a working medium outlet of the shrinking mechanism (111) is in communication with the working fluid closed circuit; between a working fluid outlet of the impeller type gas working mechanism (211) and a working medium inlet of the impeller type gas compression mechanism (111) The auxiliary channel outlet (55) is provided on the passage. Claim

41. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine of claim 1 wherein: said single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine further comprises four types of door cylinder piston mechanisms (99), said four-type door cylinder piston mechanism ( The air supply port (993) of 99) is in communication with the working fluid closed circuit, and the refill port (994) of the four types of door cylinder piston mechanism (99) is in communication with the working fluid outlet (4).

42. The single cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine of claim 35, wherein said side-by-side internal combustion chamber (300) is configured as a four-type door cylinder piston mechanism (99), said four types of door cylinder piston mechanism The air supply port (993) of (99) is in communication with the cylinder piston mechanism (1), and the refill port (994) of the four types of door cylinder piston mechanism (99) is in communication with the working fluid outlet (4) .

43. The single cylinder U flow entropy cycle engine of claim 29, wherein: said single cylinder U flow entropy cycle engine further comprises an oxidant sensor (44) and an oxidant control device (45), said oxidant sensor (44) Provided in the working fluid closed circuit, the oxidant sensor (44) provides a signal to the oxidant control device (45), and the oxidant source (5) is closed by the oxidant control valve (46) and the working fluid The circuit is in communication and the oxidant control device (45) controls the oxidant control valve (46).

44. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 1, wherein: said cylinder piston mechanism (1) is a piston liquid mechanism (91), and said piston liquid mechanism comprises a gas-liquid cylinder (94) and gas. A liquid isolation structure (95), the gas-liquid isolation structure (95) is disposed in the gas-liquid cylinder (94).

45. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 44, wherein: the gas working fluid in the gas-liquid cylinder (94) has a pressure greater than the gas-liquid separation structure (95) The sum of the inertia forces in the cylinder (94) and the gas-liquid isolation structure (95) when reciprocating.

46. The single-cylinder U-stream entropy cycle engine according to claim 1, wherein: the mass flow rate of the substance discharged from the internal combustion combustion chamber (3) is greater than the introduction into the internal combustion combustion chamber from outside the closed circuit of the working fluid ( 3) The mass flow rate of the substance.