Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
  • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
  • B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
  • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
  • B29C64/112—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
  • B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C45/46—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
  • B29C45/47—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould using screws
  • B29C45/50—Axially movable screw
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for producing a three-dimensional object with a pressure generating unit according to the preamble of claim 1.
• US 2006/0093694 A1 has, in a construction comparable with DE 103 18 958 B3, a blocking means 29 in the manner of a coupling, which only allows a unidirectional operation of the axial movement motor when a certain force occurs.
• a device is known from EP 1 886 793 A1 or DE 10 2009 030 099 A1, in which a plasticizing unit known in injection molding technology is coupled to a pressurized material store for producing a fluid phase of a material.
• the material storage is part of a discharge unit for discharging successive drops for tool-free construction of a three-dimensional object on a slide. Due to the adhesive forces of the material is a high pressure and usually high temperatures are required.
• the parts produced in this way are to be precision produced from highly viscous fluid materials such as molten plastics in minute quantities in discrete individual portions down to a few micrograms, so that the material can be conveyed at low speeds.
• the laminar swelling flux is on the one hand advantageous for the production of droplets aligned on the article to be produced because of its laminar design.
• On the other hand especially in the case of the formation of small droplets, there are the problems which have to be implemented with devices known from injection molding technology and complicate materials.
• the wall adhesion causes the Masses are difficult to train drops with desired small volume, preferably in the range of less than or equal to 1 mm 3 , on the other hand, a correspondingly high viscosity of the material just for the formation of a suitable drop shape of a drop of importance.
• the materials used from the previously known waxes Due to their viscosity, waxes can be applied in the normal thermal printing or inkjet process, ie by pure kinematic, pressureless acceleration without a pressure difference of the molten droplet.
• the materials used here are already different in that their viscosity number is higher by one to several orders of magnitude.
• the dynamic viscosity number of the solidifiable material is between 100 and 10,000 [Pa s], wherein preferably the solidifiable material is a customary in the injection molding of plastic or a resin.
• the desired volume of the drop is preferably in the range from 0.01 to 1 mm 3 .
• the diameter of the outlet opening is preferably about 0.1 mm.
• Comparable methods which are widely known by the term prototyping and rapid manufacturing and are intended for the production of sample parts with the requirement of a very short-term provision, do not have this problem.
• the production of such parts is tool-free, ie without forming tools, and in most cases also on the generation of the geometry from 3D data, but these geometries are replaced by appropriate means such as melting.
• zen of powder layers by heat input, for example by laser generative systems such as printing process in different connecting form of the powder parts or in the so-called melt extrusion process.
• the precision of these methods is either not affected at all by the pressure in the system or to a slight extent in the melt extrusion process, but there is no discontinuous production of the three-dimensional object.
• the device has the processing unit for the provision and, if appropriate, preparation of the solidifiable material and the pressure generating unit, wherein drops are discharged via a discharge unit.
• the pressure generating unit comprises a rotary motor and an axial movement motor for moving a conveying means, wherein from the viewpoint of the discharge unit, the rotary motor is arranged behind the Axialambasmotor which applies the pressures and in that it is located closer to the plasticizing unit and the material storage than the rotary motor.
• the Axialambasmotor can thus be well stored stored larger and at the same time carry the rotation motor quasi in the back, which is less burdened by the low in relation to the injection molding speeds.
• the pressure generating unit can thus on the one hand constantly generate the pressure by forward movement of a preferably designed as a screw conveyor and on the other hand, prepare the plastic by rotation of the screw conveyor to the melt.
• the rotor of the metering motor is fixedly connected to the spindle of the injection motor, which in turn is detachably connected to the screw conveyor. This spindle communicates with the rotor of the axial motion motor within the axial motion motor.
• the relative to the Axialambasmotor axially movably mounted dosing motor can be blocked in a rotational direction by a freewheel. This results in a compact system, so that the influences of high pressures are low even in the system itself. In this case, customary and therefore inexpensive materials can be used in injection molding, since no special prototyping materials are required.
• the pressure generating unit consists of a Axialschismo- tor, which is designed as a hollow shaft motor with internal threaded spindle through which the screw conveyor is moved axially.
• the rotation of the screw conveyor via a separate metering motor, which provides the plasticized material in cooperation with the Axialzismotor and the control of the back pressure.
• the worm movement takes place exclusively within the system, which supports the precise drop discharge and thus a high reproducible component accuracy.
• Fig. 1 shows a device for producing a three-dimensional object in three-dimensional view
• FIG 3 shows a longitudinal section through pressure generating unit and plasticizing unit.
• the figures show an apparatus for producing a three-dimensional article 50 of solidifiable material which either in the initial state is in a fluid phase or can be liquefied.
• the preparation of the article is preferably carried out by sequentially discharging drops 70.
• drops 70 are sequentially discharged from an outlet opening 12b of a discharge unit 12, so that layer by layer the object 50 results on a movable in the coordinate directions of the space slide 13.
• the slide 13 is movably guided on a bearing 40 relative to the outlet opening 12b of the discharge unit.
• the solidifiable material is a plasticized material, such as silicone or a plasticizable material, such as plastic or powdery materials, wherein it is essential that the solidifiable material either in the initial state in a fluid phase or can be liquefied.
• the material can also be a reversibly fusible material which can be recycled under heat. Any other materials may be used, provided that these materials can be plasticized by the device and, above all, can be discharged by the at least one discharge unit 12. But above all, materials can also be processed with the device, as they are usually used in large quantities in the injection molding technique, which contributes to the favorable production of the articles to be produced therewith.
• the device has at least one processing unit for the treatment of the solidifiable material in the fluid phase and its provision - especially when the material is already liquid, but may still be kept in this state - in the embodiment by a known in the injection molding plasticizing 11 is formed.
• this plasticizing unit is coupled directly to a pressurizable material reservoir 12c in the dispensing unit 12, which according to FIG. 3 may also be designed only as a channel. If necessary, an indirect coupling is also possible, provided that care is taken that the high pressures are adequately controlled.
• the discharge unit 12 serves to discharge the solidifiable material through a preferably tactile outlet opening 12b in the direction of the three-dimensional article 50 or the associated slide 13.
• At least one pressure generating unit 60 generates the pressure on the fluid phase in the material reservoir 12c, particularly in the dropwise manner Application of the material is required so that the corresponding drops, or more accurately form droplets.
• the device is suitable for the application of material at high forces at low speed.
• the discharge unit 12 and the pressure-generating unit 60 are preferably connected to one another via the plasticizing unit 11. They form a system in which or within which the pressure is applied to the fluid phase.
• Discharge unit 12 and storage 40 are fixedly connected.
• the pressure generating unit 60 is connected to the discharge unit 12 and mounted movably relative to this connection.
• the basically larger unit, namely the pressure generating unit 60 is movably mounted relative to the smaller, correspondingly rigid unit formed from discharge unit 12 and storage 40 for the slide 13.
• discharge unit 2 and storage 40 are arranged stationarily on a machine table 15, which is preferably rigid, in order to keep the movements as low as possible even at this point.
• a machine table 15 which is preferably rigid, in order to keep the movements as low as possible even at this point.
• FIGS. 1 and 3 is the Axialmonysmotor 10 of the pressure generating unit via the support 25 on the machine table 15 preferably movable, namely axially movably supported along the machine table, while the discharge unit 12 is supported by the support 28 on the machine table 15.
• the support 40 for the coordinate table of the slide 13 is fixed in turn, so that there is a rigid connection between the bearing 40 and the discharge unit 12 via the machine table 15.
• the pressure generating unit 60 has a rotary motor, see the electromechanical dosing motor 14, and an axial movement motor 10 for moving a conveyor, wherein the conveyor is preferably a recorded in the plasticizing 11 screw conveyor 26.
• the metering motor 14 is arranged behind the axial movement motor 10. This arrangement was chosen because high forces must be applied in the range of regularly between 50 and 100 MPa by the axial motion motor. Due to the selected arrangement, these forces can be applied by the shortest route to the discharge unit 12 or the material storage 12c arranged in it.
• the pressure generating unit 60 causes on the one hand a constant pressure generation by forward movement of the conveying means or the screw conveyor 26, on the other hand, in cooperation between screw conveyor 26 and plasticizing unit 11 by rotation of the screw conveyor in the plasticizing unit, if necessary, the plastic processed to melt.
• the axial movement of the screw conveyor 26 is generated by the axial motion motor having a stator 20 and a hollow rotor 21 for driving a spindle 16 passing through the rotor.
• the spindle 16 of the spindle drive is in operative connection with a nut.
• the rotation of the screw conveyor 26 is effected by a separate drive motor 18 of the metering motor 14, which is used simultaneously with the axial movement motor and the control of the dynamic pressure for the production of the object.
• the axes of the drive motor 18 of the metering motor 14 and the Axialambasmotors 10 are aligned.
• the spindle 16 of the Axialschismotors 10 is fixed to a rotor 22 of the drive motor 18 and releasably connected to the conveyor or the screw conveyor 26.
• the metering motor 14 can be blocked in one direction of rotation by a freewheel 19 mounted in a housing 18a of the drive motor 18.
• the housing 18a of the drive motor 18 is mounted to the torque counter of the freewheel via a torque arm 27 on the housing 23 and the housing cover 23a of the Axialterrorismsmotors 10.
• the axial movement motor 10 is formed by a hollow shaft motor, which is penetrated by the spindle 16.
• the nut of the spindle drive of the axial movement motor 10 is mounted in the rotor 21 of the axial movement motor or, as in the embodiment of FIG. 2, is formed by the rotor 21.
• the rotor 21 and the spindle 16 are in operative connection with one another via planets 17.
• the auger 26 is at the front end of the spindle 16, i. in Fig. 3 on the left side of the Axialambasmotors releasably secured via a worm clutch 29.
• the device In the generation of pressure and the provision of the plasticizable material, the device operates as follows:
• the axial movement of the screw conveyor 26 as shown in FIG. 3 is generated by the spindle 16 of the axial movement motor 10 with rotatably driven rotor 21, which at the same time forms the nut of the spindle drive.
• the transmission from the rotor 21 to the spindle 16 takes place with the interposition of the planet 17.
• the spindle can only generate an axial force when it experiences a torque counterforce according to their spindle ratio. This torque counterforce is formed in the main force direction, ie upon movement of the screw conveyor 26 in Fig. 3 to the left by the metering motor 14 which is supported via a torque arm 27 on the housing 23 for the Axialambasmotor 10.
• the torque arm 27 forms guides along which the metering motor 14 is mounted axially movable during movement of the conveyor.
• the torque counterforce provided by appropriately regulated active energizing. Due to the fixed connection of the spindle 16 of the Axialbewe- movement motor 10 with the rotor 22 of the drive motor 18, the rotational movement of the metering motor in principle also leads to a rotational movement of the spindle 16 and vice versa.
• the spindle 16 can convert the rotation into a linear movement, if according to its spindle pitch of the desired feed force corresponding torque support is provided.
• a freewheel 19 is integrated into the drive motor 18 of the metering motor 14 to build up the pressure, ie for the movement of the screw conveyor 26 in FIG. 3, while the feed screw 26 is active with the metering motor for the withdrawal direction 14 is worked.
• the freewheel is provided which can block or block the metering motor 14 in one direction, ie a unidirectional rotation preventing means.
• the freewheel 19 is mounted on the housing 18a of the drive motor 18 of the metering motor 14. This bearing is in turn supported by the torque arm 27 on the housing 23 and the housing cover 23 a of the Axialambasmotors 10.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)

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Citations (8)

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• 2011
  • 2011-11-25 DE DE102011119337A patent/DE102011119337A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2012
  • 2012-11-23 US US14/360,197 patent/US9724875B2/en active Active
  • 2012-11-23 WO PCT/EP2012/004854 patent/WO2013075837A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2012-11-23 EP EP12806339.3A patent/EP2782742B1/de active Active
  • 2012-11-23 JP JP2014542730A patent/JP6208143B2/ja active Active

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