WO2013073494A1

WO2013073494A1 - Rainwater storage device

Info

Publication number: WO2013073494A1
Application number: PCT/JP2012/079243
Authority: WO
Inventors: 博司小山
Original assignee: Koyama Hiroshi
Priority date: 2011-11-14
Filing date: 2012-11-12
Publication date: 2013-05-23
Also published as: JP2013104211A

Abstract

Provided is a rainwater storage device that enables rainwater to be stored, impurities etc. to precipitate, and the rainwater to be filtered, and that prevents standing water and enables good quality water to be stockpiled. The rainwater storage device comprises the following: a storage and precipitation tank for storing rainwater and causing impurities contained in the rainwater to precipitate; a filtration tank for taking in and filtering the water from the storage and precipitation tank; a first discharge means for discharging the water inside of the storage and precipitation tank to the outside by siphoning when the water level inside the storage and precipitation tank rises above a predetermined position; and a second discharge means for discharging the water inside of the filtration tank to the outside by siphoning when the water level inside the filtration tank rises above a predetermined position. The rainwater storage device is characterized in that the intake port of the first discharge means is provided at the location where impurities precipitate in the storage and precipitation tank.

Description

Rainwater storage device

The present invention relates to a rainwater storage device that stores and filters rainwater.

In recent years, high-rise apartments have been built not only in large cities such as Tokyo, but also in mid-sized cities. However, as was apparent in the recent Great East Japan Earthquake, we found out how unstable Japan's power supply was. In addition, “Simultaneous occurrence of Tokai / Tonankai / Nankai earthquakes” and “Metropolitan area direct earthquakes” are screamed, but if this happens as a real thing, it is necessary that a power outage or water outage will occur. I will.

Scholars crying out for administration and earthquake countermeasures are calling for “three days of drinking water and food storage”, but there is no doubt about how drinking water will be obtained three days later. I can't. It is assumed that people living in high-rise apartments are elevators that they normally used without any doubt before experiencing the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. . If a water outage occurs at the same time as a power failure, you will have to go down to the ground from that floor every day to receive water and carry it up to a higher floor. We infer that the behavior is “nothing other than pain” for healthy people. It will be an unbearable act for people with disabilities and elderly people.

On the other hand, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 propose storage and use of rainwater.

JP-A-11-128622 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-167813

However, since rainwater contains unexpected impurities, it must be filtered and removed, and the precipitated impurities must be discharged naturally, insects should not enter the stored water, and photosynthesis Prevent the generation of algae, prevent flooding (for example, the water stays for a long period of time), water tanks and filtration tanks installed on higher floors fly due to earthquakes, and cause secondary disasters. It is necessary to devise in mind not to make it happen.

However, in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, no particular consideration has been given to the problem of flooding.

Applicants, regardless of whether they are individual owners or renters living in each floor of a high-rise apartment building, use individual verandas, and each person can create a “rainwater storage / sedimentation tank” and a “rainwater filtration tank”. With the idea that rainwater could be used directly, the present invention was reached.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a rainwater storage device capable of storing rainwater, precipitating impurities and the like, further filtering and preventing flooding, and storing high-quality water. Objective.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a storage / sedimentation tank for storing rainwater and precipitating impurities contained in the rainwater, a filtration tank for receiving and filtering water in the storage / sedimentation tank, and the storage / sedimentation When the water level in the tank rises above a predetermined position, when the water level in the storage / precipitation tank rises above the predetermined position, and the first discharge means for discharging the water in the storage / sedimentation tank to the outside by siphon phenomenon A second discharge means for discharging the water in the filtration tank to the outside under a natural flow, and the suction port of the first discharge means is placed at a position of impurities that precipitate in the storage / sedimentation tank. It is provided.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a rainwater storage device capable of storing rainwater, precipitating impurities and the like, further filtering and preventing flooding, and storing high-quality water.

It is a top view which shows one Embodiment of the rain water storage apparatus by this invention. It is a front view of the rainwater storage apparatus shown in FIG. It is a top view of another embodiment of the rainwater storage apparatus by this invention, and is a figure shown in the upper and lower sides for ease of seeing the "storage / sedimentation tank" 110 and the "filtration tank" 160 which are installed vertically. FIG. 4 is a front view of the rainwater storage device shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

The problem with the rainwater storage device is that there is a risk of drowning if the stored water is not used for a long time, and impurities contained in the rainwater are discharged artificially by opening the drain outlet provided at the bottom. There is a point that must be done. Traditionally, this problem has seemed unsuitable, especially in multi-story homes, as it would cause discomfort to the lower layer residents.

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a rainwater storage device according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view of the rainwater storage device shown in FIG. In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the outer wall is notched so that the internal structure can be seen. In the example of FIGS. 1 and 2, a “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 and a “filtration tank” 160 are arranged in parallel. Each of the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 and the “filtration tank” 160 can be composed of a plastic container with a lid having a diameter of about 50 cm and a height of about 70 cm. All of these containers and lids shield the interior.

In the rainwater storage system of the rainwater storage device 100 of the present invention, in normal rain, the entire amount of rainwater flowing down along with the rain is guided to the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 through the introduction pipe, and the water surface rises. Accordingly, the water above the normal water level is sent to the “filtration tank” 160 through the “water pipe (1)” 111, but if it rains a little, the stored water is also drawn from the “sediment discharge pipe” 112. , It can be discharged even in another system through the “discharge pipe (1)” 113. When further heavy rain falls, the water surface rises and the air in the “discharge pipe (1)” 113 is lost, and a siphon phenomenon occurs. At that time, the sludge settled on the inner bottom of the container (the bottom of the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110) can also be sucked in and exhausted out of the container (the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110). Since this is part of a natural phenomenon, not only does it cause discomfort to the residents on the lower floors, but as long as this device (rainwater storage device 100) plays a role, it is in the container ("storage / sedimentation tank" 110). There is no need to put your hands on cleaning. If this siphon phenomenon is left unattended, most of the water in the container is lost. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an air hole 114 at an appropriate height of the “discharge pipe (1)” 113 to stop the phenomenon. That is the air hole 114 in the siphon stop water surface.

Also, during heavy rain, the discharge flow through the “discharge pipe (1)” 113 and the “filtration tank” 160 is exceeded, so the water overflows from the upper edge 116 of the container (“storage / sedimentation tank” 110). Therefore, an appropriate gap is required between the upper edge 116 of the container (“storage / sedimentation tank” 110) and its lid 115. However, it is preferable to paste “polyhair material” 117 for repelling insects in order to prevent insects entering in search of water. A “rainwater introduction pipe” 118 passes through substantially the center of the lid 115, and rainwater flows into the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 through the “rainwater introduction pipe” 118.

In heavy rain and heavy rain, water that has flowed into the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 from the “rainwater introduction pipe” 118 is intended to alleviate the influence on the sediment accumulated on the bottom of the container as much as possible. At the lower part of the “rain water introduction pipe” 118, a “flow relaxation casket 119” is attached. In addition, the bottom 120 of the container is raised at the center, and the bottom surface is not recessed so that impurities in the stored water can easily move to the periphery.

The “sediment suction pipe” 121 closes its “terminal” 122 and is provided with “sediment suction inlet” 123 at an appropriate interval so that the entire sedimentation area can be sucked in on average. In addition, since the “sediment suction pipe” 121 is laterally drawn, the “suction pipe presser” 124 is appropriately arranged for the purpose of suppressing buoyancy due to air in the pipe during installation and improving the living at the bottom thereafter. .

The water inlet of the “suction pipe” 125 that sends water to the “filtration tank” 160 is provided in the lower part so as not to make flooding, and the height of the “water pipe (1)” 111 that sends water to the “filtration tank” 160 is By slightly lowering the height of the horizontal pipe of the “discharge pipe (1)” 113, water can be sent only to the “filter tank” 160 in normal rainfall.

In addition, when the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 is arranged in parallel with the “filtration tank” 160, it is necessary to take the stored water directly from the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110, so that the lower part of the container (“storage / sedimentation tank” 110) A “rain tap” 126 is provided. In this case, since there is no water pressure in the stored water in the container, it is necessary to use a fixed top faucet or a cock (stopcock).

Hereinafter, the structure of the “filtration tank” 160 will be described.

The structure of the “filtration tank” 160 will be described. The container may be considered to have almost the same shape as the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110, but the difference from the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 is that the water flow at the bottom of the container is centered. There is in point to want to collect in. Therefore, it is necessary to make the entire container bottom flat or make the bottom center slightly concave.

First, in the “filtration tank” 160, the “removal faucet” 162 such as a fixed top faucet or a cock for taking out the filtered water is attached to the same position as the “rainwater withdrawal faucet” 126 of the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110. Next, a bell-shaped hole is appropriately formed in the thick tube portion of the “different diameter tube” 163, and the hole is turned down to the “water inlet” 165 so as to be in the center of the container, and fitted to the upper narrow tube. “Different diameter socket” 164 is further combined, and “water pipe (2)” 167 with “air hole” 166 for preventing siphon phenomenon and smoothing the flow when the filtered water outlet tap is opened is changed to “different pipe”. Connected to the “diameter socket” 164 and cleaned to the bottom of the “valve socket” 168 fixed to the “removal faucet” 162 (because all the lumber is cleaned with water, This explanation is omitted.) River gravel (grain size 3mm to 25mm) is spread. First, a “river gravel layer” 169 is formed, and a “mesh pipe” 170 (trade name “plastic mesh pipe”) for collecting water is connected to the “valve socket” 167 and further perpendicular to the mesh pipe. A “mesh tube” 170 having a length corresponding to the outer periphery of the container is arranged at an appropriate interval in the direction. The purpose is to collect the water in the “filter tank” 160 from a wide range and to quickly take it out. Then, the “mesh pipe” 170 is further wrapped up so as to wrap the “mesh pipe” 170 with the “river gravel layer” 169 so as to prevent displacement and deformation of the “mesh pipe” 170.

A “separate filter medium (I)” 171 for preventing the upper layer filter medium from mixing into the lower layer is laid on top of this, and in this case, the “separate filter medium (I)” 171 matches the vertical pipe in the center. It is a sheet with a hole, and this is also referred to as a perforated material.

】 On this “perforated gap material” 171, a section of charcoal cut and crushed into a wedge shape is laid down to an appropriate height. The purpose of laying this “charcoal layer” 172 is to adsorb the odor component of water in the minute and porous holes of charcoal. Therefore, tasteless and odorless water is obtained by passing through this layer. Therefore, in this layer, the charcoal is cut into a length of several centimeters so that the contact surface between the charcoal and water is increased, and is used by crushing with a scissors perpendicular to the annual ring direction and processing into a wedge shape.

On top of that, lay the same “separate gutter material (b)” 173 as the above-mentioned perforated gutter material, and then lay a small gravel (grain size 5 mm to 12 mm) on it to form a “small grit layer” 174 To do.

For example, when reduction is required, such as acid rain, neutralization may be possible by forming this “small gravel layer” 174 from limestone such as marble.

On top of that, lay the same “separate material (C)” 175 as the above-mentioned perforated material, and further lay the billi (product name = Tenryu River gravel) (particle size 2 mm to 9 mm), A “bili layer” 176 is formed.

On top of that, the same “Non-hole separation material (d)” 177 similar to the above-mentioned perforated material is laid, and coarse sand (river sand) (particle size 0.5 mm to 5 mm) is “discharge pipe (2)” 185. Lay down to the bottom of the “valve socket” 179 attached to the “crude sand layer” 178, attach the curved pipe of “water pipe (2)” 167 to the vertical pipe, and horizontally draw “water pipe (2)” 167 Connect to the “valve socket” 179 and lay coarse sand to the extent that the “lateral feed water pipe (2)” 180 is sufficiently hidden.

On top of that, lay the same “separate material (e)” 181 as the above-mentioned perforated material, and lay fine sand (silica sand = quartz) (particle size 0.5 mm) to an appropriate thickness. ”182 is formed, and“ Most upper plate ”183 is laid thereon, and a“ porous diffusion plate ”184 that also serves as a weight for holding the filter medium is placed, and the inside of the tank is completed. The “perforated diffusion plate” 184 is made of, for example, a thin disc-like stainless steel or plastic, and has a plurality of holes.

In addition, it is best to use a plastic net on the side where the strength is required for the separate brazing material, and the polyester non-woven fabric does not dissolve in water and is optimal for preventing the minute brazing material from mixing into the lower layer. is there.

Next, the usage method and water flow in the case of the parallel arrangement shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 will be described.

First, the “water stop valve” 186 of the “discharge pipe (2)” 185 of the “filtration tank” 160 is always left open.

The water sent from the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 to the “filtration tank” 160 through the “water pipe (1)” 111 is discharged onto the “porous diffusion plate” 184. This “perforated diffusion plate” 184 is intended to diffuse water widely over the entire surface of the “fine sand layer” 182.

As a result of the experiment, it was found that the water taken into the “fine sand layer” 182 and the “coarse sand layer” 178 hardly moves by gravity. Therefore, it was considered not to make a specific flow path. Then, the water passes through the entire area of the “fine sand layer” 182, and it can be expected that the fine particles in the rainwater adhere to the surface of the fine sand in several streams.

Also, it can be expected that the “rough sand layer” 178 at the bottom further compensates for it. In addition, 30% to 40% of water is retained in the “bili layer” 176 and the “small gravel layer” 174, which can be considered as diving (water retained in the filter medium). Even in the “charcoal layer” 172, 50% of the water is retained, but since the light-shaded water does not undergo photosynthesis, no algae are generated. Therefore, these waters become part of the stored water.

Further, since the water taken into the upper sand layer does not move by gravity, when the “water stop valve” 186 of the “discharge pipe (2)” 185 is opened, the “water stop valve” 186 is passed through. Air enters the “horizontal feed water pipe (2)” 180, and the air is directly taken into the lower portion of the “filtration tank” 160 through the “air hole” 166. Water removal becomes smoother.

In the event of a water outage, the “water stop valve” 186 of the “filtration tank” 160 is turned off, the “lid” 187 of the “filtration tank” 160 is opened, and the “rainwater drain tap” of the adjacent “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 is opened. It is preferable that the water obtained from 126 is gently discharged onto the “perforated diffusion plate” 184 and sufficiently accumulated in the “filtration tank” 160 before use.

It is preferable to paste an “insect repellent” “polyhair material” 188 between the “filtration tank” 160 and its lid 187 to prevent insects that invade in search of water.

By the way, it is better to judge whether the filter paper ("filter medium" 183) is exchanged or not, but it is desirable to exchange it once a month.

In addition, the “fine sand layer” 182 is washed at a rate of about once every six months, the impurities are washed away in the manner of sharpening the rice in the “home kitchen sink”, and the original color (for example, when white fine sand is used) See if it has returned to its white color) and reuse it.

In addition, it is desirable to wash the “rough sand layer” 178 once every few years, and to wash away impurities in the manner of sharpening the rice in the “home kitchen sink”.

Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described.

In the rainwater storage apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1, the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 and the “filtration tank” 160 are arranged side by side in parallel. However, in the rainwater storage apparatus 101 of this embodiment, the “storage / sedimentation tank” "110" up and "filter tank" 160 down, arranged vertically in series.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of another embodiment of the rainwater storage apparatus according to the present invention, which is shown in the vertical direction for easy viewing of the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 and the “filtration tank” 160 that are vertically placed. It is. FIG. 4 is a front view of the rainwater storage device shown in FIG.

Although this embodiment is different in that the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 and the “filtration tank” 160 of FIGS. 1 and 2 are placed vertically (in-line type), the other structures are substantially the same. The same reference numerals are assigned and detailed description of each structure is omitted. Further, the filter medium of the “filter tank” 160 is the same as in FIG. 1 and FIG.

Hereinafter, the method of use and the flow of water in the case of the series arrangement shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 will be described.

First, the “water stop valve (1)” 133 of the “rain drain pipe” 132 of the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 installed in the upper part is closed, and the “discharge pipe (2)” of the “filtration tank” 160 installed in the lower part. The “stop valve (2)” 186 of 185 confirms the open state. At this time, as a matter of course, the “filtered water outlet tap” 162 is also closed.

In normal rain, rainwater that has entered the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 from the “rainwater introduction pipe” 118 passes through the “water pipe (1)” 111 from the water intake port of the “suction pipe” 125, and the “filtration tank”. ”160 is discharged from the“ water supply pipe ”161 onto the“ porous diffusion plate ”184, passes through each filtration layer of the“ filtration tank ”160, and is swallowed from the“ water inlet ”165 at the bottom of the filtration tank. (2) ”passes through“ 167 ”, passes through“ water stop valve (2) ”186, and is discharged from“ discharge pipe (2) ”185.

In heavy rain, one system has the above-mentioned flow of water, but if the above system alone cannot handle it, the water level in the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 rises and the “sediment suction pipe” Water and sludge are sucked from the “suction port” 123 of 121, and the discharge starts from the “discharge pipe (1)” 113 through the “precipitate discharge pipe” 131.

If heavy rain continues further, the water surface rises, eventually the air in the “discharge pipe (1)” 113 is lost and siphon phenomenon occurs, and the impurities precipitated in the tank are removed with a strong suction force. "Suction pipe" 121 is sucked and discharged from the outlet. As a siphon phenomenon at this time, since there is a considerable drop between the water surface of the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 placed at a high place and the floor surface of the veranda, a considerable suction force can be expected.

In heavy rain, as explained in the parallel type, the overflow from the upper edge of the "storage / sedimentation tank" 110 is expected, but the amount of water discharged due to the siphon phenomenon can be expected considerably. The number of times seems to be less than the parallel installation type.

It is considered that there is no deficiency in normal use as drinking water since a considerable amount of water is retained in the “filtration tank” 160 in the regular removal of water from the “filtration tank” 160. However, when the water in the “filtration tank” 160 is insufficient, the “water stop valve (1)” 133 provided in the “rain drain pipe” 132 of the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 is opened, and the “water pipe ( 2) “134” can be replenished with water. It is important not to forget to close the “water stop valve (1)” 133 after securing the necessary amount.

Since the frequency of water use increases when the water is shut off, first, the “stop valve (2)” 186 of the “drain pipe (2)” 185 of the “filtration tank” 160 is closed, and the “container lid” of the “filtration tank” 160 is closed. "187" is opened, "water stop valve (1)" 133 of "storage / sedimentation tank" 110 is opened, and it is visually confirmed that water has risen to the upper end of "most top material" 183. It is desirable to close valve (1) "133 and repeat as necessary.

After that, when it rains, the “water stop valve (2)” 186 of the “filtration tank” 160 is immediately opened and returned to the normal flow of water. According to the present invention, a surprisingly large amount of rainwater can be taken in even with a small amount of rainfall.

Next, features of each component will be described in more detail.
(1) "Storage / sedimentation tank" 110
-The material is made of metal or plastic, but if it is made of plastic, a light-shielding paint is applied to the surface to prevent photosynthesis in the stored water.

・ Take the entire amount of rainwater flowing into the dredge and send it to the next filtration tank to prevent drowning.

・ Sludge that has settled in the tank can be discharged by the power of siphon phenomenon (natural phenomenon). Therefore, there is no need to manually clean the device.
(2) “Filter tank” 160
-Since the filter media do not mix with each other, it is possible to fully exhibit the characteristics of each filter media.

・ Since the filter medium is not mixed, it is easy to disassemble and regenerate, and is convenient for moving and moving.

・ Rainwater is filtered while passing through the filtration layer, but it is retained as diving in the layer when the rain stops, and a considerable amount of water can be stored in the filtration tank.

・ The water stored in the previous section also passes through the water pipe and is discharged directly to the outside of the tank without causing drowning with the rain, so the water stored in the tank is replaced with fresh water each time.

・ Because there is a vent in the billi layer part of the water pipe, the siphon phenomenon can be stopped at that height, and the air can be sent directly to the billi layer through the discharge pipe. However, when water in the “storage / sedimentation tank” is artificially transferred to the “filtration tank”, the water stop valve must be closed. Also, when stopping that action, it is important to open the water stop valve.

・ Since the position of the top filter material is suitable for the human body, it is very easy to change the filter paper.

・ Since silica sand (quartz fine particles) is also used for fine sand, the silica sand is white, so the degree of contamination is easy to see.

・ Since the fine sand layer is above the horizontal draw pipe of the water pipe and is separated by a separate rod material, it is easy to wash out the fine sand.

In addition, although there is no discharge from the “discharge pipe (1)” 113 of the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110, an overflow phenomenon from the edge of the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 may occur. This overflow phenomenon is considered to be caused by the accumulation of sludge in the “sediment suction port” 123 of the “sediment suction pipe” 121 and the occurrence of the solidification phenomenon. As measures against this, for example, the size of the “sediment inlet” 123 is increased from φ5.0 to φ7.0, and an end cap that closes the “terminal” 122 is provided with a “siphon promoting hole” of φ10.0. It is conceivable to provide them.

It should be noted that, even though the rain has fallen slightly, it is possible that effluent water will come out due to a small siphon reduction from “Discharge pipe (1)” 113. This phenomenon is thought to be due to the fact that rainwater is taken in from the siphon stop hole of the “sediment discharge pipe” 131 for stopping the siphon, causing the siphon phenomenon. In this case, the water level does not rise. become. As a countermeasure, for example, the height of the “water pipe (1)” 111 to the “filtration tank” 160 may be lowered to lower the level (height) of the normal water level than the siphon stop hole.

Note that the siphon stop hole of the “sediment discharge pipe” 131 for stopping the siphon is clogged with dust, and the siphon does not stop, and the rainwater that should be accumulated in the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 becomes empty. It is possible. As a countermeasure, a plurality of siphon stop holes (for example, one on each side) are provided on the side surface of the “sediment discharge pipe” 131 and a pipe for discharging the surface water is provided above the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110. Can be considered. By providing a pipe for discharging the surface water, a siphon phenomenon from this pipe is also performed, so that it is expected that the frequency of overflow from the container of the “storage / sedimentation tank” 110 is reduced.

In addition, the water taken into river sand and fine sand may not fall under its own weight. As a countermeasure, the position of the horizontal pipe of the “water pipe (2)” 180 of the “filtration tank” 160 is set below the coarse sand layer. It is considered that the river sand of the river sand layer and the fine sand of the fine sand layer can be taken out and washed easily.

Although the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to this description, and it goes without saying that various modifications and combinations can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

100, 101 Rainwater storage device 110 Storage / sedimentation tank 160 Filtration tank

Claims

A storage / sedimentation tank for storing rainwater and precipitating impurities contained in the rainwater;
A filtration tank for receiving and filtering the water in the storage / sedimentation tank;
A first discharge means for discharging the water in the storage / sedimentation tank to the outside by natural flow when the water level in the storage / sedimentation tank rises above a predetermined position;
A second discharging means for securing a certain potential water in the tank by providing a position of the discharge pipe of the filtration tank at a high place;
Have
A rainwater storage apparatus, wherein the suction port of the first discharge means is provided at a position of impurities that precipitate in the storage / sedimentation tank.
The rainwater storage device according to claim 1, wherein the storage / sedimentation tank and the filtration tank are arranged in parallel.
The rainwater storage device according to claim 1, wherein the storage / sedimentation tank and the filtration tank are arranged in series with the storage / sedimentation tank facing upward.