WO2013067729A2 - 电器外表漏电的检测防护方法及系统 - Google Patents

电器外表漏电的检测防护方法及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013067729A2
WO2013067729A2 PCT/CN2011/083810 CN2011083810W WO2013067729A2 WO 2013067729 A2 WO2013067729 A2 WO 2013067729A2 CN 2011083810 W CN2011083810 W CN 2011083810W WO 2013067729 A2 WO2013067729 A2 WO 2013067729A2
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Prior art keywords
electrical
current
appliance
power supply
line
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PCT/CN2011/083810
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2013067729A3 (zh
Inventor
吴伟
Original Assignee
Wu Wei
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Publication date
Application filed by Wu Wei filed Critical Wu Wei
Priority to CA2853175A priority Critical patent/CA2853175C/en
Priority to AU2011380682A priority patent/AU2011380682B2/en
Priority to US14/350,089 priority patent/US9928980B2/en
Priority to GB1408528.6A priority patent/GB2510521B/en
Publication of WO2013067729A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013067729A2/zh
Publication of WO2013067729A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013067729A3/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01H47/004—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits using plural redundant serial connected relay operated contacts in controlled circuit
    • H01H47/005—Safety control circuits therefor, e.g. chain of relays mutually monitoring each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/14—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to occurrence of voltage on parts normally at earth potential
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/16—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/16—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass
    • H02H3/162—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass for ac systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a leakage detection protection method and system, in particular to a detection and protection method and system for electrical leakage of an electrical appliance.
  • the appearance of the appliance may be charged due to poor insulation or incorrect wiring of the power supply. If the user touches the exterior, current may flow to the earth through the human body, causing casualties.
  • Reliably connecting the appearance of the appliance to the ground of the power supply or directly grounding the exterior of the appliance with a conductor can directly introduce the leakage of the surface into the ground to avoid casualties, but in many cases the appearance of the appliance is not well grounded in practical applications.
  • Its detection circuit monitors the neutral line and the appearance of the appliance with a transformer and a voltage comparator. Potential to prevent damage from external leakage.
  • the method and the device use a transformer to connect the neutral line and the appearance of the electric appliance.
  • the phase line power source is connected to the exterior of the electric appliance through the transformer, and the human body is electrically charged if the human body is present.
  • the leakage current flowing through the human body may be greater than the safe current of the human body and thus endanger the human body.
  • the above method and device based on residual current detection triggers the leakage protection device to cut off the connection between the electrical appliance and the power source after the human body contacts the charged electrical appliance to generate an electric shock current. If the earth leakage protection device cannot cut off the above power supply within a predetermined time (for example, 0.1 second) due to its own malfunction, it may cause harm to the human body.
  • the above method and device for monitoring the potential between the neutral line and the appearance of the electrical appliance do not limit the leakage current that may be generated by the appearance of the measuring circuit, and may also cause harm to the human body.
  • the above existing method and device mainly aim at the protection of the appearance of the electrical appliance in the case of connecting the phase line of the power supply and the neutral line of the power source and the neutral line of the electric appliance, and do not consider such as mistakenly due to the phase line or the neutral line of the power supply. Possible external leakage due to incorrect operation such as the appearance of the appliance.
  • the above-mentioned existing method and the amplification execution circuit of the device are directly connected with the detected power source to obtain the working power source.
  • the amplification execution circuit of the leakage protection device loses the working power due to the wrong wiring, so that Even if the test is charged, the leakage protection device will not work.
  • Case 3 and Case 5 also cause the appearance of charging, so they should be protected. It is not difficult to see that in case 2 to case 5, the electrical appearance G' is connected to one of the power phase line L and the neutral line N, and the remaining one is not connected to the neutral line N' of the appliance. , It is connected with the electrical phase line L'. That is to say, if a suitable current path is set, in case 2 to case 5, current can flow to the appliance exterior G'.
  • the amplifying and executing circuit is directly or indirectly connected to the electrical neutral line, the electrical phase line and the electrical appearance through a preset power channel to obtain a required working power.
  • a leakage detection and protection system including The detection circuit 3 and the amplification execution circuit 4 also include one or more current channels and one or more power supply channels.
  • the current channel includes a current channel 1 and a current channel 2, and the current channel 1 is connected to the electrical phase line L' and the electrical neutral line N' by a component capable of flowing current, and the current channel 2 is connected to the electrical device by a component capable of flowing current.
  • the line N' and the appearance of the appliance G' adjust the parameters of the components in the current channel 2 such that the voltage between the neutral line N' of the appliance and the exterior of the appliance G' is equal to the phase between the power supply phase line L and the power supply neutral line N. At voltage, the current between the neutral line N' of the appliance and the exterior of the appliance G' is less than the safe current of the human body.
  • the detection circuit 3 comprises a current conversion device, the input current of which may comprise current flowing through the current channel 2; or the current flowing through the current channel 2, the current flowing through the electrical phase line L' and flowing through the neutral line of the appliance The current of N'; its output is connected to the input of the amplification execution circuit 4.
  • the amplification execution circuit 4 may include one or more amplification and execution circuit units that amplify the electrical signal and disconnect the electrical device from the power source.
  • the power supply channel may be a three-phase rectifier bridge, and the three AC input ends of the rectifier bridge are respectively connected to the electrical phase line L', the neutral line N' of the electrical appliance and the external appearance G' of the electrical appliance, and the positive and negative poles of the rectifier bridge output are respectively amplified.
  • the current generated by the human body contacting the surface is less than the safe current of the human body when the power phase line is misconnected to the neutral line of the appliance and the leakage detection protection system fails. It can cause harm to people.
  • the leakage protection device of the present invention has a simple structure, is reliable, and has low cost, and can be applied in a large amount.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the process of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is an electrical schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention employing a power supply path for amplifying and executing a circuit unit and a three-phase rectifier bridge structure.
  • Figure 3 is an electrical schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment 2 of the present invention employing a power supply path for amplifying and executing a circuit unit and a dual diode structure.
  • Figure 4 is an electrical schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment 3 of the present invention employing a power supply path for amplifying and executing circuit elements and conductor structures.
  • Figure 5 is an electrical schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment 4 of the present invention employing two power supply channels for amplifying and executing circuit elements and a dual winding structure.
  • Figure 6 is an electrical schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment 5 of the present invention while monitoring current channel current and electrical phase current and electrical neutral current.
  • FIG 1 is an operating condition and specific steps of the method of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the operating conditions of the present invention are:
  • the current between the neutral line N' of the appliance and the external appearance G' of the appliance is made smaller than the safe current of the human body.
  • the AC power source AC is composed of a phase line L and a neutral line N.
  • the power supply AC supplies power to the electrical load through the electrical phase line L' and the electrical neutral line N' connected to the detachable normally closed switch J1.
  • the electrical appearance G' is floating.
  • the current channel 1 is composed of a rectifier bridge BR1, a resistor R1 and a light-emitting diode LED1.
  • the current limiting resistor is 36K in this example; the LED 1 is an ordinary LED.
  • the DC output current of the rectifier bridge BR1 is illuminated by the R1 driving LED L1, indicating that the electrical load is connected to the power supply AC.
  • the current channel 2 is composed of a rectifier bridge BR2, a resistor R2 and a light-emitting diode LED2.
  • the value of R2 is such that the current between the neutral line N' of the appliance and the exterior G' of the appliance is less than the voltage between the neutral line N' of the appliance and the external appearance G' of the appliance equal to the AC voltage of the power supply.
  • Human body safety current in this case less than 30 mA. In this case, the value of R2 is 33K.
  • the AC input terminal of the rectifier bridge BR1 loses AC power, the LED 1 is not lit, and the current channel 1 has no current.
  • the AC input terminal of the rectifier bridge BR2 receives AC power, the LED 2 is illuminated, and the current channel 2 generates current, and the trigger amplification circuit 4 cuts off the connection between the appliance and the power source. Thereby, it can be judged that the power phase line L and the neutral line N are erroneously connected to the appliance neutral line N' and the appliance appearance G' according to the fact that the LED 1 is not lit and the LED 2 is lit.
  • an AC input terminal of the rectifier bridge BR2 is connected to the AC power source through the current channel 1, and the current channel 2 generates a current.
  • the trigger amplification execution circuit 4 cuts off the connection between the appliance and the power source. Since the rectifier bridge BR2 and the rectifier bridge BR1 each obtain approximately equal power supply AC voltages, the LEDs LED2 and LED1 are both illuminated, indicating that the power phase line L and the neutral line N are erroneously connected to the electrical phase line L' and Electrical appearance G'.
  • the power phase line L When the power phase line L is mistakenly connected to the neutral line N' and the power neutral line N is misconnected to the electrical phase line L', the power phase line L voltage is transmitted to the exterior of the appliance through the current channel 2, and if the human body contacts the electrical appearance G 'This will cause the power phase line L voltage to generate current channel 2 current through the circuit formed by current channel 2, the human body and the earth.
  • the trigger leakage detection protection system quickly cuts off the connection between the power source and the appliance (cut time ⁇ 0.1S in this example). In the event that the leakage detection protection system fails, the power supply cannot be cut off. Since the current of the current channel 2 is preset to be smaller than the safe current of the human body, it does not cause damage to the human body.
  • the detecting circuit 3 comprises a current transformer TA, the primary is connected by the current channel 2 to the wire of the electrical appearance G', or the wire connecting the current channel 2 to the neutral line N' of the electrical device, and the magnetic ring of the current transformer is wound several times. Composition.
  • the secondary of the current transformer TA is connected to the trigger circuit of the thyristor SCR of the amplification execution circuit 4. Adjusting the number of turns of the primary winding of the current transformer, so that when the external appearance of the electrical appliance is charged or the wiring of the electrical appliance to the power supply is wrong, the output voltage of the secondary of the current transformer can trigger the conduction of the thyristor SCR. At this time, the corresponding current channel
  • the current value of 2 is the preset action threshold.
  • the amplification execution circuit 4 includes an amplification and execution circuit unit composed of a thyristor amplification and control circuit and a relay circuit.
  • the thyristor amplification and control circuit includes a resistor R3, a diode D1 and a thyristor SCR. Resistor R3 is connected in series in the trigger loop of the thyristor SCR to limit the trigger current; diode D1 is connected in parallel with the trigger terminal of the thyristor SCR to suppress the reverse trigger voltage.
  • the relay circuit includes a relay J1 in series with the thyristor SCR.
  • the thyristor amplification and control circuit in this embodiment can also be replaced by other integrated circuits, such as the M54123 leakage protection circuit, and the functions realized are unchanged.
  • the power channel 5 includes a three-phase rectifier bridge, and the three AC input ends of the rectifier bridge are respectively connected to the electrical phase line L', the neutral line N' of the electrical appliance and the external appearance G' of the electrical appliance, and the positive and negative poles of the rectifier bridge output are respectively connected to the amplification execution circuit 4 Positive and negative power supply.
  • the power neutral line N is how to connect the electrical phase line L' and the electrical neutral line N' and the electrical appearance N', and there is always a current flowing from the power supply phase line L through the rectifier bridge 3BR, the relay J1 winding and the thyristor SCR, and then Return to the power neutral line N, J1 action, normally closed contact disconnected, cut off the connection between the appliance and the power supply.
  • the light-emitting diode in the current channel still maintains an alarm indication state and indicates the cause of the failure: illumination
  • the diode LED1 is bright, and the LED 2 is not lit, indicating that it is leakage from the power phase line L to the external appearance G', or the power phase line L and the neutral line N are reversed and someone touches the electrical appearance G', resulting in protection.
  • LED LED1 is not bright, LED LED2 is bright, indicating that the phase line L and neutral line N of the power supply are incorrectly connected to the neutral line N' of the appliance and the external appearance G' of the appliance, resulting in protection action; LED LED1 and The LEDs 2 are all bright, indicating that the phase line L and the neutral line N of the power supply are incorrectly connected to the phase line L' of the electric appliance and the external appearance G' of the electric appliance, resulting in a protection action.
  • FIG 3 is an electrical schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the system of the present invention.
  • the power supply and load connection connections and the current channel 1 and current channel 2 configurations and wiring are the same as in the first embodiment;
  • the power supply channel 5 includes a diode D2 and a diode D3.
  • Diode D2 and diode D3 are connected in the same polarity (in this example, the anode is connected) and connected to the winding of relay J1.
  • the other pole of diode D2 is connected to the external appearance G', and the other pole of diode D3 is connected to the electrical phase line L'.
  • the secondary current of the current transformer TA of the detecting circuit 3 When the electrical appearance G' is charged or the electrical and power wiring errors cause the current channel 2 to generate current, the secondary current of the current transformer TA of the detecting circuit 3 generates a voltage, triggering the thyristor SCR to be turned on, if the power phase line L and The power neutral line N is connected to the electrical phase line L' and the electrical neutral line N', and there will be current from the electrical phase line L' through the diode D3, the relay J1 winding and the thyristor SCR to the electrical neutral line N', J1 Action, the normally closed contact is disconnected, and the connection between the appliance and the power supply is cut off.
  • the meaning of the indication alarm of the light-emitting diode of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • Embodiment 4 is an electrical schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 of the system of the present invention.
  • the power supply and load connection connection manner and the current channel 1 and current channel 2 are constructed and wired as in Embodiment 1; the difference is that the power supply channel 5 is two wires, and one of the conductors has a connector G', and One of the conductors has a neutral line N', and the other end of the two conductors is connected to the amplification of the execution circuit 4 and the two operating power terminals of the circuit unit.
  • the amplification execution circuit 4 of the third embodiment directly acquires the AC voltage when the power supply phase line L and the power supply neutral line N are connected to the neutral line N' and the external appearance G' of the electric appliance.
  • the meaning of the indication alarm of the light-emitting diode of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is an electrical schematic diagram of Embodiment 4 of the system of the present invention.
  • the power supply and load connection connection mode and the current channel 1 and current channel 2 configuration and wiring are the same as in the first embodiment; the detection circuit 3 transformer TA has two secondary outputs, respectively triggering two independent, and examples 1 Amplifies and drives the circuit unit similarly to the drive circuit 4.
  • Two unconnected windings wound on the same relay act as the power supply channel 5, a connector G' of one winding, a switching circuit composed of a rectifier bridge BR3 thyristor SCR1, and another winding A connector phase line L', and a switching circuit composed of a rectifier bridge BR4 thyristor SCR2.
  • the two secondary currents of the current transformer TA of the detecting circuit 3 When the current channel 2 generates current due to the electrical appearance of the electrical appliance G' or the electrical and power wiring errors, the two secondary currents of the current transformer TA of the detecting circuit 3 generate voltages, respectively triggering the thyristor SCR1 and the thyristor SCR2. If the power phase line L and the power neutral line N are connected to the electrical phase line L' and the electrical neutral line N', a current will flow from the electrical phase line L' through the relay J2 winding and the rectifier bridge BR4 as the power supply channel 5. And the thyristor SCR2 reaches the neutral line N', J2 action, the normally closed contact is disconnected, and the connection between the electrical appliance and the power source is cut off.
  • the meaning of the indication alarm of the light-emitting diode of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is an electrical schematic diagram of Embodiment 5 of the system of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 5 differs only in the measuring circuit 3: the current transformer TA is included, the primary current of which not only contains the current channel 2 current, but also includes the electrical phase line L' current and the electrical appliance.
  • the line N' current thus, when the leakage causes the phase current flowing into the transformer TA to be not equal to the neutral current flowing out of the transformer TA, a residual current is generated and a secondary voltage is established, and the amplification amplification circuit 4 is turned off.
  • the connection between the appliance and the power supply The meaning of the detection process of the current channel 2 and the LED warning indication of Embodiment 5 is as described in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated.
  • the embodiment is also applicable to the leakage detection protection of the electric appliance whose power source is a three-phase power source, and only needs to replace the power phase line L of the primary transformer of the current transformer with the three-phase phase line.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)

Abstract

一种电器外表漏电的检测防护方法及其系统，用于检测和防护电器绝缘不良或电源接线错误造成的电器外表漏电。通过在电器中性线（Ν'）和电器外表（G'）之间建立电流通道（2）并且监测电流的大小，无需人体接触电器外表就可发现外表漏电并且断开电器与电源的连接、指示报警。通过设置电源通道（5），使得该系统在电器和电源接线错误的情况下，仍然能够获得工作电源而正常工作。该方法和系统在电器外表浮置的情况下，仍然能够正确发现电器外表漏电并且指示报警或切断电器与电源的连接。该系统结构简洁可靠并且成本低，可以大量应用。

Description

电器外表漏电的检测防护方法及系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种漏电检测防护方法及系统，特别是涉及一种电器外表漏电的检测防护方法及系统。
背景技术
家用电器使用过程中，由于绝缘不良或者电源接线错误等原因可能导致电器外表带电，这时如果用户接触外表，则可能导致电流经人体流至大地，造成人员伤亡。将电器外表与电源地线可靠连接或者用导体将电器外表直接接地可以将外表漏电直接导入大地从而避免人员伤亡，但是在许多情况下电器外表在实际应用中并没有良好接地。
技术问题
有许多方法和根据这些方法开发的漏电保护装置用于防范电器外表漏电对人体造成的危害。中国国家标准GB6829--86《漏电电流动作保护器》和国际标准IEC755(1983)《剩余电流动作保护装置的一般要求》规定的漏电电流动作保护器，采用了检测剩余电流的方法对漏电进行保护，其原理是由把连接电器的电源相线（三相或单相）与中性线作为电流互感器的初级，正常情况下流入互感器的相线电流等于流出互感器的中性线电流，剩余电流为零，与初级电流相对应的电流互感器的次级输出电压也为零。 当由于电源相线与电器外表之间的绝缘不良导致外表带电时，如果人体与外表接触，部分相线电流将经过人体和大地，而非中性线，返回电源中性点，使得电流互感器中的相线电流不再等于中性线电流，电流互感器的次级产生电压。该电压经过放大驱动电路放大后驱动执行电路断开电源与负载的连接，从而保护了人身安全。中国专利ZL200520102796.8《变压器限压地线带电保护的洗干一体机的单片机控制装置》给出了另外一种漏电保护装置，其检测电路以变压器和电压比较器监测中性线和电器外表的电位，从而防止外表漏电造成的危害。但是这种方法和装置用变压器连接中性线和电器外表，当用户误将相线和中性线互调连接时，会将相线电源通过变压器连接到电器外表，人为造成外表带电，如果人体接触外表，流经人体的漏电电流可能大于人体安全电流从而危害人体。
上述基于剩余电流检测的方法和装置，要在人体接触带电的电器外表产生触电电流后才触发漏电保护装置切断电器与电源的连接。如果漏电保护装置因为本身故障而无法在规定时间（例如0.1秒）内切断上述电源，可能会造成对人体的危害。上述基于监测中性线和电器外表之间电位的方法和装置，没有对测量回路造成的外表带电可能产生的漏电电流进行限制，也可能造成对人体的危害。
上述现有方法和装置，主要针对电源相线和电源中性线连接电器相线和电器中性线情况下的电器外表带电的防护，并未考虑诸如由于将电源相线或者中性线错误地连接到电器的外表之类的错误操作引起的可能外表漏电。同时，上述现有方法和装置的放大执行电路都与被检测的电源直接连接以获取工作电源，对于上述错误操作引起的外表漏电，由于错误接线导致漏电保护装置的放大执行电路丢失工作电源，使得即便测试到外表带电，漏电保护装置也无法工作。
技术解决方案
本发明的目的在于克服在先方法和装置的上述不足，提出一种电器外表漏电的检测防护方法及其系统，即便电源端没有接地线可用或者电器外表没有接地，无论是电源与电器外表之间绝缘不良引起的外表带电还是电源与电器之间的接线错误导致的外表带电，能够在电器中性线与电源中性线连接的情况下，在人体与电器外表接触以前，检测出外表带电的情况并且切断电源与电器的连接；能够在电器中性线误接电源相线的情况下，当人体与电器外表接触时，产生预先设定的电流，切断电源与电器的连接。由于该预先设定的电流小于人体安全 电流，即便漏电保护系统失效，也不会造成人身伤害。并且，这种方法和系统能够在各种不同的接线情况下，从被测试电源获取工作电源。本发明的原理为：无论单相还是三相电源，正确接线情况下，电源相线L应该接电器相线L'，电源中性线N应该接电器中性线N'，电源地线应该接电器外表G'。当上述接线错误并且电源地线缺失，电器外表G'没有接地的情况下，可能的错误接线的情况有：
  1. 电源相线L接电器中性线N', 电源中性线N接电器相线L'。此时电器外表G'不带电，电器可以工作；
  2. 电源相线L接电器相线L', 电源中性线N接电器外表G'。此时电器外表G'不带电，电器不能工作；
  3. 电源相线L接电器外表G', 电源中性线N接电器相线L'。此时电器外表G'带电，电器不能工作；
  4. 电源相线L接电器中性线N', 电源中性线N接电器外表G'。此时电器外表G'不带电，电器不能工作；
  5. 电源相线L接电器外表G', 电源中性线N接电器中性线N'。此时电器外表G'带电，电器不能工作。
上述5种可能的错误接线情况中，从情况2到情况5电器都不能工作，其中情况3和情况5还造成了外表带电，因此都应该予以防护。不难看出，在从情况2到情况5中，电器外表G'都连接到了电源相线L和中性线N中的一根，剩下的一根电源线不是与电器中性线N'连接， 就是与电器相线L'连接。也就是说，如果设置合适的电流通道，在从情况2到情况5中，都可以有电流流向电器外表G'。我们可以用一个电流通道1联通电器中性线N'和电器相线L'，用一个电流通道2联通电器中性线N'和电器外表G'，在电源和电器正常连接的情况下，电流 通道2没有电流；在从情况2到情况5的各种情况下，电流通道2都有电流流通，从而通过检测电流通道2的电流，能够检测出情况2到情况5的状况，进而指示报警这些错误状况或者切断电源与电器的连接，达到漏电检测和防护的目的。另外，我们将漏电检测保护系统的放大执行电路通过预设的电源通道与电器中性线N'，电器相线L'和电器外表G'直接或者间接相连，使得在上述各种错误接线情况下漏电保护电路都能获得工作电源，从而克服了现有技术的上述不足。
本发明的上述目的可以采用以下技术方案来实现。提出一种电器外表漏电检测防护的方法：
1、 监测电器中性线与电器外表之间的电流。
2、 如果发现电器中性线与电器外表之间的电流大于预定的动作阀值, 触发放大执行电路报警指示或者断开电器与电源的连接。
所说的放大执行电路，通过预设的电源通道与电器中性线，电器相线和电器外表直接或者间接相连，以获得所需的工作电源。
为实现本发明的上述目的和 电器外表漏电检测防护方法，提出一种 电器外表漏电检测防护系统：
一种漏电检测防护系统，包含了 检测电路3和放大执行电路4，还包含了一个或一个以上电流通道和一个或一个以上电源通道。
所述电流通道包括电流通道1和电流通道2，电流通道1用可流通电流的元器件连接电器相线L'和电器中性线N'，电流通道2用可流通电流的元器件连接电器中性线N'和电器外表G'；调整电流通道2中元器件的参数，使得当电器中性线N'和电器外表G'之间的电压等于电源相线L与电源中性线N之间电压时，电器中性线N'和电器外表G'之间的电流小于人体安全电流。
所述检测电路3包含电流转换装置，其输入电流可以包含流经电流通道2的电流；也可以包含流经电流通道2的电流，流经电器相线L'的电流和流经电器中性线N'的电流；其输出端连接放大执行电路4的输入端。
所述放大执行电路4可以包含一个或者多个放大和执行电路单元，能将电信号放大并且切断电器与电源的连接。
所述电源通道可以是包含三相整流桥，整流桥的三个交流输入端分别接电器相线L'，电器中性线N'和电器外表G'，整流桥输出的正极和负极分别接放大执行电路4的正负电源；也可以是包含两只或两只以上二极管，二极管同极性相连后接放大执行电路4的放大和执行电路单元的工作电源，二极管的其余未连接脚，一只接电器外表G'，一只接电器相线L'；也可以是包含二根导线，一根导体的一头接电器外表G'，另外一根导体的一头接电器中性线N'，二根导体的另外一头接放大执行电路4的放大和执行电路单元的两个工作电源端；还可以是包含绕制在同一个继电器上的两个或两个以上导线绕组，一个绕组的一头接电器相线L'，一头接一个独立放大和执行电路单元输出端，一个绕组的一头接电器外表G'，一头接另外一个独立放大和执行电路单元输出端。
有益效果
与在先技术相比，上述本发明的方法及系统的 有益效果在于：
1. 通过预设电流通道并且监测电流通道的电流，可以在人体接触外表之前发现电器外表漏电，进而报警或切断电源，消除事故隐患。
2. 通过设置电源通道获得了在错误接线条件下漏电保护装置的工作电源，使得保护装置可以处理由于错误接线导致的电器外表带电。
3. 通过预先设定电器中性线和电器外表之间电流的大小，使得在电源相线误接电器中性线并且漏电检测保护系统失效的情况下，人体接触外表产生的电流小于人体安全电流，不会对人造成伤害。
4. 在电器浮置，也就是电器外表即不接电源接地线，也不接地的情况下，仍然能够正确发现电器外表漏电并且指示报警或切断电器与电源的连接。
5. 本发明的漏电保护装置结构简洁，可靠并且成本低，可以大量应用。
附图说明
图1 是本发明的方法的示意图。
图2是本发明的最佳实施例1的电原理图，采用一个放大和执行电路单元和三相整流桥结构的电源通道。
图3是本发明的最佳实施例2的电原理图，采用一个放大和执行电路单元和双二极管结构的电源通道。
图4是本发明的最佳实施例3的电原理图，采用一个放大和执行电路单元和导线结构的电源通道。
图5是本发明的最佳实施例4的电原理图，采用两个放大和执行电路单元和双绕组结构的电源通道。
图6是本发明的最佳实施例5的电原理图，同时对电流通道电流和电器相线电流和电器中性线电流进行监测。
图中：电流通道1 电流通道2 检测电路3 放大执行电路4 电源通道5
本发明的最佳实施方式
以下结合各附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
图1为本发明方法的操作条件和具体步骤。如图1中所示，本发明的操作条件为：
1. 用电流通道1连接电器相线L'和电器中性线N'，用电流通道2连接电器中性线N'与电器外表G'。
2. 用电源通道5将放大执行电路4直接或者间接连接到电器外表G'，电器外表G'和电器相线L'。
3. 预设电器中性线N'与电器外表G'之间的电流使之小于人体安全电流。
本发明的具体方法步骤为：
1. 监测电器中性线与电器外表之间的电流；
2. 如果发现电器中性线与电器外表之间的电流大于预先设定的动作阀值，立即触发报警指示或者断开电器与电源的连接。
实施例1：
图2为本发明系统的实施例1的电原理图。其中交流电源AC由相线L和中性线N组成。电源AC经过电器相线L'和电器中性线N'连接可脱扣的常闭开关J1向电器负荷供电。电器外表G'浮置。电流通道1由整流桥BR1，电阻R1和发光二极管LED1组成。整流桥BR1的两个交流输入端，一端接电器相线L'，一端接电器中性线N'；整流桥BR1的两个直流输出端分别接R1和LED1的串联回路的两端，其中R1为限流电阻，本例中为36K；发光二极管LED1为普通发光二极管。当电源相线L和中性线N与电器相线L'和电器中性线N'连接时，整流桥BR1的直流输出电流经过R1驱动发光二极管LED1发亮，指示电器负载连接到了电源AC。电流通道2由整流桥BR2，电阻R2和发光二极管LED2组成。整流桥BR2的两个交流输入端，一端接电器中性线N'，另外一端经过电流互感器TA的初级接电器外表G'；整流桥BR2的两个直流输出端分别接R2和LED2的串联回路两端，R2的取值使得电器中性线N'和电器外表G'之间的电流，在电器中性线N'和电器外表G'之间的电压等于电源AC电压的情况下，小于人体安全电流（本例为小于30毫安）。本例R2取值为33K。当电源相线L和中性线N被错误地连接到电器中性线N'和电器外表G'时，整流桥BR1的交流输入端失去AC电源，发光二极管LED1不亮，电流通道1没有电流；整流桥BR2的交流输入端得到AC电源，发光二极管LED2亮，电流通道2产生电流，触发放大执行电路4切断电器与电源的连接。由此可根据LED1不亮并且LED2亮判断出电源相线L和中性线N被错误地连接到电器中性线N'和电器外表G'。当电源相线L和中性线N被错误地连接到电器相线L'和电器外表G'时，整流桥BR2的一个交流输入端通过电流通道1连接到AC电源，电流通道2产生电流，触发放大执行电路4切断电器与电源的连接。由于此时整流桥BR2和整流桥BR1各自得到大约相等的电源AC电压，发光二极管LED2与发光二极管LED1都亮，指示电源相线L和中性线N被错误地连接到电器相线L'和电器外表G'。当电源相线L误接电器中性线N'并且电源中性线N误接电器相线L'时，电源相线L电压通过电流通道2传递到电器外表，这时如果人体接触电器外表G'将导致电源相线L电压通过由电流通道2，人体和大地形成的回路产生电流通道2电流，触发漏电检测防护系统迅速切断电源与电器的连接（本例中切断时间<0.1S)。万一漏电检测防护系统失效无法切断电源，由于电流通道2的电流被预先设置得小于人体安全电流，因此也不会对人体造成损害。
检测电路3包含了电流互感器TA，初级由连接电流通道2到电器外表G'的导线，或者由连接电流通道2到电器中性线N'的导线，穿绕电流互感器的磁环数圈构成。电流互感器TA的次级连接到放大执行电路4的可控硅SCR的触发回路。调节电流互感器初级绕组的匝数，使得当电器外表G'带电或者电器到电源的接线错误时，电流互感器次级的输出电压能够触发可控硅SCR导通，此时，对应的电流通道2的电流值即为预设的动作阀值。
放大执行电路4含有由可控硅放大和控制电路和继电器电路组成的放大和执行电路单元。其中可控硅放大和控制电路包括电阻R3，二极管D1和可控硅SCR。电阻R3串联在可控硅SCR的触发回路中以限制触发电流；二极管D1与可控硅SCR的触发端并联以抑制反向触发电压。继电器电路包含与可控硅SCR串联的继电器J1。本实施例中的可控硅放大和控制电路，也可用其他集成电路，例如M54123漏电保护电路来替代，实现的功能不变。
电源通道5包括三相整流桥，整流桥的三个交流输入端分别接电器相线L'，电器中性线N'和电器外表G'，整流桥输出的正极和负极分别接放大执行电路4的正负电源。
当电器外表G'带电或者电器与电源接线错误引起电流通道2产生电流时，检测电路3的电流互感器TA的次级产生电压，触发可控硅SCR导通，无论此时电源相线L和电源中性线N是怎样连接电器相线L'和电器中性线N'和电器外表G'，总有电流从电源相线L流经整流桥3BR，继电器J1绕组和可控硅SCR，然后返回到电源中性线N，J1动作，常闭触点断开，切断电器和电源的连接。
由于电流通道1和电流通道2被接到了继电器J1开关之前，使得漏电保护系统在J1动作并切断电器和电源的连接之后，电流通道中的发光二极管仍然保持报警指示状态并且指示故障的原因：发光二极管LED1亮，发光二极管LED2不亮，说明是从电源相线L到电器外表G'的漏电，或者是电源相线L和中性线N反接并且有人接触了电器外表G'，导致了保护动作；发光二极管LED1不亮，发光二极管LED2亮，说明是电源的相线L和中性线N错接到了电器的中性线N'和电器外表G'，导致了保护动作；发光二极管LED1和发光二极管LED2都亮，说明是电源的相线L和中性线N错接到了电器的相线L'和电器外表G'，导致了保护动作。
实施例2：
图3为本发明系统的实施例2的电原理图。其电源和负载连接连接方式和电流通道1和电流通道2构造和接线同实施例1；所不同的是电源通道5包括二极管D2和二极管D3。二极管D2和二极管D3同极性相接（本例中阳极相接）并且连接到继电器J1绕组，二极管D2的另外一极连接电器外表G'，二极管D3的另外一极连接电器相线L'。当电器外表G'带电或者电器与电源接线错误引起电流通道2产生电流时，检测电路3的电流互感器TA的次级产生电压，触发可控硅SCR导通，如果此时电源相线L和电源中性线N是连接电器相线L'和电器中性线N'，将有电流从电器相线L'经过二极管D3，继电器J1绕组及可控硅SCR到达电器中性线N'，J1动作，常闭触点断开，切断电器和电源的连接。如果此时电源相线L和电源中性线N是连接电器外表G'和电器中性线N'，将有电流从电器外表G'经过二极管D2，继电器J1绕组及可控硅SCR到达电器中性线N'，J1动作，常闭触点断开，切断电器和电源的连接。如果此时电源相线L和电源中性线N是连接电器相线L'和电器外表G'，这时将有两路电流流经继电器J1绕组：一路电流从电器相线L'出发，经过二极管D3，继电器J1绕组及可控硅SCR，抵达电器中性线N'后继续通过电流通道2到达电器外表G'；另外一路电流从电器外表G'出发，经过二极管D2，继电器J1绕组及可控硅SCR，抵达电器中性线N'后继续通过电流通道1到达电器相线L'；J1动作，常闭触点断开，切断电器和电源的连接。由于继电器J1在很短的时间内（本例为<0.1S）切断电源后就脱离了电源，所以能在较宽的瞬时工作电流范围内工作。
本实施例的发光二极管的指示报警意义与实施例1相同。
实施例3：
图4为本发明系统的实施例3的电原理图。其电源和负载连接连接方式和电流通道1和电流通道2构造和接线同实施例1；所不同的是，其中电源通道5为两根条导线，一根导体的一头接电器外表G'，另外一根导体的一头接电器中性线N'，二根导体的另外一头接放大执行电路4的放大和执行电路单元的两个工作电源端。与实施例1和实施例2相比，本实施例3的放大执行电路4在电源相线L和电源中性线N接电器中性线N'和电器外表G'的时候直接获取AC电压，在电源相线L和电源中性线N接电器相线L'和电器外表G'的时候，通过电流通道1间接获取AC电压，因此要求放大执行电路4中的继电器J1能够工作在较宽的电流范围。
本实施例的发光二极管的指示报警意义与实施例1相同。
实施例4：
图5为本发明系统的实施例4的电原理图。其电源和负载连接连接方式和电流通道1和电流通道2构造和接线同实施例1；所不同的是，检测电路3互感器TA有两个次级输出，分别触发两个独立的，和实例1放大和驱动电路4类似的放大和执行电路单元。绕制在同一个继电器上的两个互不相连的绕组充当了电源通道5，一个绕组的一头接电器外表G'，一头接由整流桥BR3可控硅SCR1组成的开关电路，另外一个绕组的一头接电器相线L'，一头接由整流桥BR4可控硅SCR2组成的开关电路。
当由于电器外表G'带电或者电器与电源接线错误引起电流通道2产生电流时，检测电路3的电流互感器TA的两个次级产生电压，分别触发可控硅SCR1和可控硅SCR2。如果此时电源相线L和电源中性线N是连接电器相线L'和电器中性线N'，将有电流从电器相线L'经过作为电源通道5的继电器J2绕组和整流桥BR4及可控硅SCR2到达电器中性线N'，J2动作，常闭触点断开，切断电器和电源的连接。如果此时电源线是连接电器外表G'和电器中性线N'，将有电流从电器外表G'经过作为电源通道5的继电器J2绕组和整流桥BR3及可控硅SCR1到达电器中性线N'，J2动作，常闭触点断开，切断电器和电源的连接。如果此时电源线是连接电器相线L'和电器外表G'，这时将有两路电流流经继电器J2的两个绕组：一路电流从电器相线L'出发，经过作为电源通道5的一个继电器J2绕组和整流桥BR4及可控硅SCR2抵达电器中性线N'后继续通过电流通道2到达电器外表G'；另外一路电流从电器外表G'出发，经过作为电源通道5的另一个继电器J2绕组和整流桥BR3及可控硅SCR1，抵达电器中性线N'后继续通过电流通道1到达电器相线L'；J1动作，常闭触点断开，切断电器和电源的连接。
本实施例的发光二极管的指示报警意义与实施例1相同。
实施例5：
图6为本发明系统的实施例5的电原理图。与其他实施例相比，实施例5的不同之处仅仅在于测量电路3：包含的电流互感器TA，其初级电流不仅包含了电流通道2电流，并且包括了电器相线L'电流和电器中性线N'电流；从而使得当漏电引起流入互感器TA的相线电流不等于流出互感器TA的中性线电流时，会产生剩余电流并建立起次级电压，触发放大执行电路4断开电器与电源的连接。实施例5对电流通道2的检测过程和发光二极管报警指示的意义如实施例1所述，不再重复。
本实施例同样适用于电源是三相电源的电器的漏电检测防护，只需将电流互感器初级的电源相线L用三相相线替代即可。

Claims (10)

1. 一 种电器外表漏电的检测防护方法，其特征在于，它包括下列步骤: (1)监测电器中性线与电器外表之间的电流; (2)如果发现电器中性线与电器外表之间的电流大于预定的动作阀值, 触发放大执行电路报警指示或者断开电器与电源的连接。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的电器外表漏电的检测防护方法，其特征在于将所说的放大执行电路，通过预设的电源通道与电器中性线、 电器相线和电器外表直接或者间接相连，以获得所需的工作电源。
3. 一 种电器外表漏电的检测防护系统，包含检测电路（3）和放大执行电路（4），其特征在于系统还包含一个或一个以上电流通道和一个或一个以上电源通道。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的电器外表漏电检测防护系统，其特征在于所说的电流通道包括电流通道（1）和电流通道（2）；电流通道（1）用可流通电流的元器件连接电器相线（L'）和电器中性线（N'）；电流通道（2）用可流通电流的元器件连接电器中性线（N'）和电器外表（G'）。
5. 根据权利要求4所述的电器外表漏电检测防护系统，其特征在于所说的电器中性线N'和电器外表G'，之间的电流被预设为小于人体安全电流。
6. 根据权利要求3所述的电器外表漏电检测防护系统，其特征在于所说的检测电路（3）包含电流转换装置，其输入电流可以包含流经电流通道（2）的电流；也可以包含流经电流通道（2）的电流，流经电器相线（L'）的电流和流经电器中性线（N'）的电流；其输出端连接放大执行电路（4）的输入端。
7. 根据权利要求3所述的电器外表漏电检测防护系统，其特征在于所说的电源通道包含三相整流桥，整流桥的三个交流输入端分别接电器相线(L')，电器中性线（N'）和电器外表(G')；整流桥输出的正极和负极分别接放大执行电路(4)的正负电源。
8. 根据权利要求3所述的电器外表漏电检测防护系统，其特征在于所说的电源通道包含两只或两只以上二极管，二极管同极性相连后接放大执行电路(4)的放大和执行电路单元的工作电源，二极管的其余未连接脚，一只接电器外表(G')，一只接电器相线(L')。
9. 根据权利要求3所述的电器外表漏电检测防护系统，其特征在于所说的电源通道包含二根导线，一根导体的一头接电器外表(G')，另外一根导体的一头接电器中性线（N'），二根导体的另外一头接放大执行电路(4)的放大和执行电路单元的两个工作电源端。
10. 根据权利要求3所述的电器外表漏电检测防护系统，其特征在于所说的电源通道包含绕制在同一个继电器上的两个或两个以上导线绕组，一个绕组的一头接电器相线(L')，一头接一个独立放大和执行电路单元输出端，一个绕组的一头接电器外表(G')，一头接另外一个独立放大和执行电路单元输出端。
PCT/CN2011/083810 2011-11-12 2011-12-12 电器外表漏电的检测防护方法及系统 WO2013067729A2 (zh)

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