CN1988099B - 带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器 - Google Patents

带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器 Download PDF

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CN1988099B
CN1988099B CN200510132613A CN200510132613A CN1988099B CN 1988099 B CN1988099 B CN 1988099B CN 200510132613 A CN200510132613 A CN 200510132613A CN 200510132613 A CN200510132613 A CN 200510132613A CN 1988099 B CN1988099 B CN 1988099B
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CN1988099A (zh
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陈伍胜
王富
戴勇
李小勇
宋怀印
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General Protecht Group Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/14Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by imbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/32Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
    • H02H3/33Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/10Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to mechanical injury, e.g. rupture of line, breakage of earth connection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/36Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism having electromagnetic release and no other automatic release
    • H01H73/44Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism having electromagnetic release and no other automatic release reset by push-button, pull-knob or slide
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/02Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by earth fault currents
    • H01H83/04Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by earth fault currents with testing means for indicating the ability of the switch or relay to function properly

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器,包括:一个漏电检测单元,当出现漏电事故时,感应线圈检测通过流经相线和中线的不平衡电流,从而断开脱扣机构的动/静触点的接触;一个防火单元,包括分别连接电网的相线和中线的两个整流元件、分别与两个整流元件串接的降压元件和从降压元件引出的防火连接端;一条防火屏蔽线,至少其中的相线和中线芯线分别连接漏电流检测断路器的相线和中线输出端,并且被一条铜编织线包围,该铜编织线的一端连接所述防火单元的防火连接端;当所述铜编织线接触相线芯线和/或中线芯线时,所述防火单元产生对相线和/或中线的分流,导致流经相线和中线的不平衡电流,从而断开脱扣机构的动/静触点的接触。

Description

带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种漏电流检测断路器(LCDI),特别涉及一个具有防火功能的带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器。
背景技术
随着人们安全意识的不断增强,生活水平的不断提高,迫切要求制造商能够提供更多的,性能更优越的电气安全产品。
目前,世界上的电气安全产品种类很多,例如:过电流保护器、过电压保护器、漏电保护器等。然而,这些保护器有时对一些特殊情况不能提供有效保护,例如:一些电线埋于地毯之下或隐藏于各种家具之后,由于不小心这些隐藏的电线经常会被压断或被老鼠等小动物咬断,这时就存在相当大安全隐患。特别是连接空调等大功率家用电器的电线被损坏时就能有着火,爆炸等严重危险发生。因此需要有一种电气安全装置能在发生以上危险之前将电路断开。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有防火功能的防火屏蔽的漏电流检测断路器,以便对着火或压挤使电源线破损时的情况提供断电保护,以及对电路中存在漏电流的情况提供断电保护。
本发明同样适应于接地故障断路器(GFCI)装置,电弧故障断路器装置(AFCI),浸入式探测断路器(IDCI),电器漏电断路器(ALCI)、电子漏电断路器(ELCI)等电气安全保护装置。
本发明的上述目的是这样实现的,一种带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器,包括:
一个漏电检测单元,其包括:一感应线圈以及一脱口机构,所述的感应线圈中穿过一相线和一中线,当出现漏电事故时,所述的感应线圈检测到通过所述相线和中线的不平衡电流,使所述的脱扣机构的脱扣线圈通电,由此断开脱扣机构中动/静触点的接触;其特征在于:
所述漏电流检测断路器还包括:
一个防火单元,包括两个整流二极管,其中,一个整流二极管的一极连接电网的相线,另一个整流二极管的同名端连接电网的中线,分别与所述两个整流二极管串接的一个降压元件和从所述降压元件引出的防火连接端;
一条防火屏蔽线,该防火屏蔽线的相线芯线和中线芯线分别连接漏电流检测断路器的相线和中线输出端,并且所述的防火屏蔽线的相线芯线和中线芯线被一条铜编织线包围,该铜编织线的一端连接所述防火单元的防火连接端。
由于有了上述结构,当防火屏蔽线中的所述铜编织线接触相线芯线和/或中线芯线时,所述防火单元产生对相线和/或中线的分流,感应线圈由此可以检测流经相线和中线的不平衡电流,使脱扣线圈通电,从而断开脱扣机构的动/静触点的接触.
其中,所述脱扣机构包括一个下端有卡槽的复位按键,所述卡槽适合于卡住连结脱扣线圈铁芯的锁片。
其中,所述锁片穿过脱扣机构的平衡架,所述脱扣机构的动触片置于所述平衡架上。
其中,在所述锁片与所述复位按键卡槽之间存在卡接状态和脱离状态。
所述卡接状态是复位按键下压过程中由于所述锁片在铁芯压簧作用下推进卡槽卡住复位按键的状态。
所述脱离状态是在脱扣线圈通电时,所述锁片在铁芯带动下,沿着与铁芯压簧移动的反方向移动而离开卡槽的状态。
其中,当所述锁片处于与卡槽卡接状态时,所述平衡架和置于其上的动触片随着所述复位按键向上移动,由此驱动动触片的动触点与静触点接触。
当所述锁片处于与所述卡槽脱离状态时,平衡架和动触片在动触片的回弹力作用下,回到原始位置,从而使动触点与静触点脱离接触。
其中,所述锁片有一个卡住所述铁芯的开口,该开口从锁片的转角处开始。
其中,所述的两个整流二极管的阴极接在一起,其阳极分别接到电网的L线和N线上。或所述的两个整流二极管的阳极连接在一起,其阴极分别连接到电网的L线和N线上。
本发明的带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器还包括一个用于测试的按键,该按键由天然橡胶与导电薄片共同组成,其露在漏电流检测断路器上盖外的部分呈椭圆形。
其中,所述脱扣机构的脱扣线圈被一个环状的屏蔽罩包围。
其中,所述防火屏蔽线包含一个线卡,此线卡固定在防火屏蔽线靠近漏电流检测断路器的一端,并且有一部分被压在上盖与下盖之间,起到防止防火线从LCDI插头内拔出的作用。
其中,所述防火屏蔽线连接一个插座。
其中,所述插座包括一个指示器,该指示器的一端连接所述防火单元的防火连接端,另一端连接中线。
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细说明。
附图说明
图1-1、图1-2、图1-3、图1-4、图1-5是本发明的漏电流检测断路器的外观图;
图2是本发明的漏电流检测断路器的分解视图;
图3是本发明的漏电流检测断路器的脱扣机构处于接通时的状态图;
图4是本发明的漏电流检测断路器的脱扣机构处于分断时的状态图;
图5是本发明的漏电流检测断路器的电原理图。
具体实施方式
本发明漏电流检测断路器具有二种主要功能,其一是因着火或压挤使电源线破损时的断电保护功能。其二是因电路中存在漏电流时的断电保护功能。
实现上述二种功能的该断路器包括一个绝缘壳体,一个电子元件组成部件和一个脱扣机构.
参见图1-1、图1-2、图1-3、图1-4、图1-5和图2,壳体包括上盖101,下盖102和四枚将上盖下盖固定在一起的坚固螺钉103。
电子元件组成部件包括电路板201、磁环架202、测试按键203、磁环204和图5所示的所有电子元器件。
脱扣机构包括复位按键301、复位弹簧302、屏蔽罩303、屏蔽挡板304、线圈骨架305、螺线管316、铁芯弹簧306、铁芯307、锁片308、平衡架309、铜铆钉3101,3102、动触片3111,3112、动触银点3121,3122、线圈罩313、静触银点3141,3142及静触3151,3152。
本发明的带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器,包括:
一个属于已知技术的漏电检测单元,包括如图5中的检测线圈N1、漏电检测集成电路IC1以及接通和断开脱扣线圈电源的晶闸管VD7,当出现漏电事故时,漏电检测单元的感应线圈N1检测通过流经相线L和中线N的不平衡电流,使脱扣线圈J2(即图2-图4中的螺线管316)通电,由此断开脱扣机构的动/静触点(即图2-图4中的动触银点3121、3122和静触银点3141、3142,其中一对动触银点和静触银点构成图5中的开关K1或K2)的接触;
所述漏电流检测断路器还包括本发明的:
一个防火单元(如图5中所示的整流二极管D2、D3和电阻R4),包括分别连接电网的相线和中线的两个整流元件(如整流二极管D2、D3)、分别与所述两个整流元件串接的一个降压元件(如电阻R4)和从所述降压元件引出的防火连接端(位于图5中的最右侧上端的端点)。
一条防火屏蔽线317(参见图2),该防火屏蔽线的相线芯线和中线芯线(图中未示出)分别连接漏电流检测断路器的相线和中线输出端L和N,并且被一条铜编织线(图中未示出)包围,该铜编织线的一端连接所述防火单元的防火连接端(位于图5中的最右侧上端的端点)。
由于有了上述结构,当防火屏蔽线中的所述铜编织线接触相线芯线和/或中线芯线时,所述防火单元产生对相线和/或中线的分流,例如当防火屏蔽线中铜编织线接触相线芯线时(相当于图5中最右侧的端点L与其上的防火连接端点接触),使电网相线原来流过通过感应线圈N1线路的一部分电流经由D3、R4分流,感应线圈N1由此可以检测流经相线和中线的不平衡电流,使脱扣线圈J2通电,从而断开脱扣机构的动/静触点的接触(即图5中的开关K1和K2断开)。
所述脱扣机包括一个下端有卡槽300的复位按键301,所述卡槽300适合于卡住连结脱扣线圈铁芯307的锁片308。
所述锁片308穿过脱扣机构的平衡架309,所述脱扣机构的动触片3112、3111置于所述平衡架309上。
在所述锁片308与所述复位按键卡槽300之间存在卡接状态和脱离状态。
所述卡接状态是复位按键下压过程中由于所述锁片308在铁芯压簧306作用下推进卡槽300卡住复位按键的状态。
所述脱离状态是在脱扣线圈J2(螺线管316)通电时,所述锁片308在铁芯307带动下,沿着与铁芯压簧306移动的反方向移动而离开卡槽300的状态。
当所述锁片308处于与卡槽300卡接状态时,所述平衡架309和置于其上的动触片3112、3111随着所述复位键上移(由复位弹簧302带动上移)而移动,由此驱动动触片3112、3111的动触点3121、3122与静触点3141、3142接触。
当所述锁片308处于与所述卡槽300脱离状态时,平衡架309和动触片3112、3111在其动触片3112、3111回弹力作用下,回到原始位置,从而使动触点与静触点脱离接触。
所述锁片308有一个卡住所述铁芯307的开口(参见图2),该开口从锁片的转角处开始。
所述的整流元件是整流二极管。
所述的两个整流二极管D2、D3的阴极接在一起,其阳极分别接到电网的L线和N线上。或所述的两个整流二极管D2、D3的阳极连接在一起,其阴极分别接到电网的L线和N线上。
本发明的带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器还包括一个用于测试的按键203(参见图2),该按键由天然橡胶与导电薄片共同组成,其露在漏电流检测断路器上盖外的部分呈椭圆形。
所述脱扣机构的脱扣线圈316被一个方形的屏蔽罩303包围。
所述防火屏蔽线317包含一个线卡,此线卡固定在防火屏蔽线靠近漏电流检测断路器的一端,并且有一部分被压在上盖与下盖之间。起到防止防火线从LCDI插头内拔出的作用。
所述防火屏蔽线连接一个插座(未示出)。
所述插座包括一个指示器(如图5中的D4、D5和R9),该指示器的一端连接所述防火单元的防火连接端,另一端连接中线。
下面参照图2-5对本发明的漏电流检测断路器(LCDI)进行详细说明。
LCDI是一种电源连接器,使用前须将LCDI插入电源插孔中,此时静触片3151、3152与静触银点3141、3142已经带电,由于LCDI处于分断状态,因此动触片3111、3112与动触银点3121、3122及LCDI所连接的用电器都处于不带电的状态,按下复位键301使之向下移动,当复位键301下端的卡槽300到达锁片308位置时,锁片308在铁芯压簧(306)的弹力作用下向前移动,直至卡在复位按键301的卡槽300内。当停止下压复位按键301时,复位按键301就在复位弹簧302的弹力作用下向上移动,复位按键301的移动也会带着锁片308向上移动,因为锁片308是穿过平衡架309的,因此平衡架309也向上移动,这时置于平衡架309上的动触片3111、3112也被迫向上移动,直至动触银点3121、3122与静触银点3141、3142紧密的接合在一起。并且这种接通状态将在复位弹簧302的弹力作用下维持着。
以上所述是LCDI的复位及保持接通的情况。下面要分别描述LCDI的两种保护功能是如何实现的。
首先来分析LCDI的漏电保护功能,如图5所示,若电路中存在漏电。当漏电达到4-6mA时,此漏电信号会被检测磁环N1检测到,并同时转变成电压信号,经集成块IC1处理。同时集成块IC1的7脚输出一个脉冲信号到可控硅VD7的触发极使VD7导通。导通的结果使得螺线管J2(316)中有一个大的电流通过.电流通过螺线管产生的电磁力拖动铁芯307快速移动,一旦与铁芯307卡在一起的锁片308被拖出复位按键301下端的卡槽300时,复位按键便在复位弹簧302的弹力作用下向上跳起.因为这时平衡架309不再被复位按键301拉住,平衡架309便连同动触片3111、3112一起在动触片3111、3112的回弹力作用下回落到起始位置,即图4中的断开状态.
每二个功能便是LCDI的防火功能。这个功能的实现主要靠防火屏蔽线317和图5中的R4、D2、D3等的共同作用。这里所说的防火屏蔽线317包括线卡、防火屏蔽铜线编织层和编织层内的三芯电缆。当由于着火或挤压使得相线L或中线N与屏蔽编织铜线相碰时。一个电流便穿过检测磁环N1在电阻R4和二极管D3或二极管D2中流过。使得流过中线N和相线L中的电流不平衡,即等效于电路中存在了漏电情况。漏电被检测磁环N1(204)检测到后送入集成块IC1经集成块IC1放大处理后集成块IC1 7脚输出一个脉冲信号到可控硅VD7的触发极。使可控硅VD7导通。同时一个大的电流便通过了螺线管J2(316),电流通过螺线管产生的电磁力拖动铁芯307快速移动,一旦与铁芯307卡在一起的锁片308被拖出复位按键301下端的卡槽300时,复位按键301便在复位弹簧302的弹力作用下向上跳起。因为这时平衡架309不再被复位按键301拉住,平衡架309便连同动触片3111、3112一起在动触片3111、3112的回弹力作用下回落到起始位置,即图4中的断开状态。
其次,本发明所提及的LCDI具有防火屏蔽系统完整性指示功能。
由于某种原因使LCDI出现类似屏蔽层断开等故障,如果此时还将LCDI复位而此时的LCDI已没有必要的保护功能。那么就存在了严重的安全隐患。基于这种原因,本发明提及的LCDI设计了防火屏蔽系统完整性指示系统,可以提醒用户拆除已出现故障的LCDI产品。如图五所示,防火屏蔽线完整时,微小的电流经过D4、R9、和D5使D5发光,D5的正常发光可以说明防火屏蔽系统的完整性,反之D5不能正常发光时说明LCDI已出现故障。

Claims (12)

1.一种带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器,包括:
一个漏电检测单元,其包括:一感应线圈以及一脱扣机构,所述的感应线圈中穿过一相线和一中线,当出现漏电事故时,所述的感应线圈检测到通过所述相线和中线的不平衡电流,使所述的脱扣机构的脱扣线圈通电,由此断开脱扣机构中动/静触点的接触;其特征在于:
所述漏电流检测断路器还包括:
一个防火单元,包括两个整流二极管,其中,一个整流二极管的一极连接电网的相线,另一个整流二极管的同名端连接电网的中线,分别与所述两个整流二极管串接的一个降压元件和从所述降压元件引出的防火连接端;
一条防火屏蔽线,该防火屏蔽线的相线芯线和中线芯线分别连接漏电流检测断路器的相线和中线输出端,并且所述的防火屏蔽线的相线芯线和中线芯线被一条铜编织线包围,该铜编织线的一端连接所述防火单元的防火连接端。
2.根据权利要求1所述的带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器,其特征在于:所述脱扣机构包括一个下端有卡槽的复位按键,所述卡槽适合于卡住连结脱扣线圈铁芯的锁片。
3.根据权利要求2所述的带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器,其特征在于:所述锁片穿过脱扣机构的平衡架,所述脱扣机构的动触片置于所述平衡架上。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器,其特征在于:在所述锁片与复位按键的卡槽之间存在卡接状态和脱离状态,
其中,所述卡接状态是复位按键下压过程中由于所述锁片在脱扣线圈铁芯压簧作用下推入卡槽卡住复位按键的状态;
其中,所述脱离状态是在脱扣线圈通电时,所述锁片在脱扣线圈铁芯带动下,沿着与脱扣线圈铁芯压簧移动的反方向移动而离开卡槽的状态。
5.根据权利要求3所述的带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器,其特征在于:
当所述锁片处于与卡槽卡接状态时,所述平衡架和置于其上的动触片随着所述复位按键上移而向上移动,由此驱动动触片的动触点与静触点接触;
当所述锁片处于与所述卡槽脱离状态时,平衡架和置于其上动触片在动触片的回弹力作用下,回到原始位置,从而使动触点与静触点脱离接触。
6.根据权利要求2所述的带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器,其特征在于:所述锁片有一个卡住所述脱扣线圈铁芯的开口,该开口从锁片的转角处开始。
7根据权利要求1所述的带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器,其特征在于:所述的两个整流二极管的阴极接在一起,其阳极分别接到电网的相线和中线上。
8.根据权利要求1所述的带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器,其特征在于:所述的两个整流二极管的阳极连接在一起,其阴极分别接到电网的相线和中线上。
9.根据权利要求1所述的带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器,其特征在于:还包括一个用于测试的按键,该按键由天然橡胶与导电薄片共同组成,其露在漏电流检测断路器上盖外的部分呈椭圆形。
10.根据权利要求1所述的带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器,其特征在于:所述脱扣机构的脱扣线圈被一个方形的屏蔽罩包围。
11.根据权利要求1所述的带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器,其特征在于:所述防火屏蔽线包含一个线卡,此线卡固定在防火屏蔽线靠近漏电流检测断路器的一端,并且有一部分被压在所述漏电流检测断路器的上盖和下盖之间,起到防止所述防火屏蔽线从漏电流检测断路器插头内拔出的作用.
12.根据权利要求1所述的带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器,其特征在于:所述防火屏蔽线连接一个插座。
13.根据权利要求12所述的带防火屏蔽线的漏电流检测断路器,其特征在于:所述插座包括一个指示器,该指示器的一端连接所述防火单元的防火连接端,另一端连接电网的中线。
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