WO2013054183A1 - Dwelling module for protecting post-larvae, in particular in port infrastructures - Google Patents

Dwelling module for protecting post-larvae, in particular in port infrastructures Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013054183A1
WO2013054183A1 PCT/IB2012/002060 IB2012002060W WO2013054183A1 WO 2013054183 A1 WO2013054183 A1 WO 2013054183A1 IB 2012002060 W IB2012002060 W IB 2012002060W WO 2013054183 A1 WO2013054183 A1 WO 2013054183A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
materials
gabion
module according
housing module
walls
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PCT/IB2012/002060
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French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Marie Heitz
Gilles LECAILLON
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Jean-Marie Heitz
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Publication of WO2013054183A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013054183A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a housing module for the protection of post-larvae of marine fish and crustaceans, in particular in port infrastructures or the like, this module comprising at least one heap of materials providing cavities and cavities in the form of galleries, tunnels or other spaces delimited by vaults and partitions.
  • Providing a temporary emancipation habitat would allow these young recruits to protect themselves while growing a little, from a size of less than 10 mm to about 25-30 mm in a few weeks to then leave this area more active and avoid a majority of predators.
  • the critical phase for young recruits is, when they are small, when they are close to the surface, particularly vulnerable and without the possibility of hiding due to the absence of crevices and adequate interiors on the ground. walls of the wharves.
  • the present invention aims to provide these young recruits suspended housing modules adapted to their emancipation, which also participate in the depollution of port areas.
  • the solution of the invention has the advantage of being modular since it makes it possible to juxtapose several modules according to various provisions, to be easily transportable since the structure of the modules is folding, dismountable and economical, the stones being can be made with pebble fragments, rock blocks or pebbles of various sizes, but small enough to be transported easily. These qualities make it possible to realize these temporarily installed protected sites, so that they can be dismounted easily after the period of use, stored outside and prepared for later use. Their construction facilitates assembly and space-saving storage.
  • the device of the invention as defined in the preamble is characterized in that it consists of at least one independent module at least partially immersed, consisting of at least one flat gabion of relatively small thickness, arranged for hanging on walls of quays, dikes or the like, said gabion comprising at least one compartment containing said materials of size and consistency adapted to assume various functions according to their location in said gabion.
  • said gabion comprises a bottom, a cover and four grid side walls delimiting at least one compartment filled with said materials.
  • Said gabion advantageously comprises at least one intermediate wall defining several compartments, at least some being filled with said materials.
  • Said materials are preferably selected from the following: pebbles, rock fragments, pebbles, fibers, natural or synthetic mineral blocks.
  • the housing module comprises means for attachment to the walls of dikes, wharves or submerged supports.
  • Said materials having characteristics of absorption and / or fixing of polluting substances are advantageously arranged in the upper part of said gabion.
  • the coarsest materials are preferably arranged against the dock or dike or submerged support.
  • the materials may include structured reconstituted stones that include artificial galleries.
  • the components of said gabion namely said bottom, said cover and said grid side walls have shapes adapted to the shape of the dike, the dock or the immersed support.
  • the shapes of the components of said gabion may include rounded or curved profiles.
  • said dwelling unit can be arranged at a height with respect to the average level of the water such that said materials having characteristics of absorption and / or fixing of polluting substances are substantially at the limit of the air and water so that surface pollutants, especially hydrocarbons are regularly brought into contact with said materials.
  • Said housing module may advantageously comprise a plurality of intermediate walls arranged either horizontally or vertically and the shape, nature and dimensions of the materials may be different depending on the compartments delimited by said intermediate walls.
  • FIG. 1 represents a perspective view illustrating a first embodiment of the module according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a side view of a second embodiment of the module according to the invention
  • Figure 3 shows a side view of a third embodiment of the module according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B respectively represent a perspective view and a side view of a fourth embodiment of the module according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 represents a view of the module according to the invention suspended on a support and in large immersed part.
  • the module 10 comprises at least one gabion January 1, this gabion. being substantially flat, of relatively small thickness, preferably less than about 15 centimeters and arranged to be fixed along a dock, a dike or hung on a support, in a port area or the like.
  • the gabion January 1 is in the form of a screen cage constructed for example from six substantially rectangular elements, namely a bottom 1 1a, four side walls 1 1 b and a lid 1 1c.
  • the elements can be interconnected by helical rods 12 or by connecting rings (not shown) so that the body of the gabion is folding during transport and that the bottom and the lid can fit on the body.
  • the thin gabion does not interfere with the docking of boats in the port, while providing sufficient space to accommodate post-larvae and protect them from predators present in this area.
  • the rectangular shape of the gabion described does not constitute a limitation and that the walls, the bottom and the lid could present variant shapes and dimensional modifications without losing their functionality.
  • the goal is constant: to provide shelters for post-larvae in an area generally devoid of shelter for marine animals at a very young age.
  • the gabion defines a single space which can, however, receive various materials, in particular pebbles 13, rock fragments 14, pebbles 15 or any other suitable material for forming cavities and refuge cavities for the protection of small fish or crustaceans against predators.
  • the materials may also include reconstituted elements, for example terracotta bricks with tunnels and tunnels that provide caches and passages for the fry or post-larvae.
  • pebbles 13 may consist of pumice, fiber or the like whose function is to fix the supernatant hydrocarbons on the waters of the port. This function is particularly appreciated since it contributes to the purification of surface water and the depollution of the port area.
  • the module 20 of FIG. 2 seen from the side, comprises a gabion 21 which is substantially similar to the gabion 1 of the module 10, but consists of two inner compartments 22 and 23 separated by an intermediate screen wall 24.
  • This presentation has the advantage of allowing to arrange different spaces, such as for example a higher sector containing absorbent materials such as pumice or fibers or the like for recovering and fixing pollutants, and housing areas for fry, including advantageously a zone that is open to the sea and free, that is to say free of rockfill material and an adjacent zone that faces the wharf or the support and is provided with such rockfill material or the like 15 offering shelters and caches to protect animals.
  • These residential areas protect fish from predators and provide nutrients in the form of plant and animal micro-organisms.
  • FIG. 3 represents another embodiment of a module 30 comprising a gabion 31 whose interior space is divided into three compartments 32, 33 and 34 by two partitioning walls 35.
  • the front compartment 32, facing the sea, is free and the rear compartments 33 and 34 of the gabion preferably contain various materials whose functions may be different or complementary.
  • the main function is to organize habitats and caches for fry and nutrient stores.
  • the main objective of the module is therefore to help transform the larval traps that are port waters into real nurseries.
  • the mortality of the young recruits is mainly due to predation and the fact of putting them caches at the disposal prevents the predators to catch them.
  • a secondary function may be the depollution of the waters of the port area.
  • the walls of juxtaposed modules can constitute true active supports for bacteria.
  • the partition walls can be vertical or horizontal or some modules could have both vertical and horizontal separations, the compartments thus formed containing different materials adapted to their functions. These materials can also serve as food reservoirs since nutrients can become encrusted and feed the post-larvae and fry.
  • the modules are advantageously independent and can be fixed or suspended to the vertical walls of docks, dikes or other supports such as pontoons, in the ports, by means of hooks 40 or the like. Their placement is preferably temporary, which allows cleaning the materials that have fixed pollutants. After cleaning, the modules can be replaced every year during and even after the breeding season. The number of modules is not limited and the more they are the more they increase the chances of survival for fry. These modules provide a simple and economical solution, but very effective in the fight against depopulation of the seas due to overfishing and pollution.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show another form of presentation of the module according to the invention.
  • the module 40 comprises a gabion 41 whose interior space is divided into two compartments 42 and 43 by a partition wall 45.
  • the compartments 42 and 43 of the gabion are used variously.
  • the compartment 43 which is facing the sea is partially empty and only its lower part 43a and upper 43b are filled with materials intended for example to absorb polluting substances.
  • the central area is empty to allow post-larvae to quickly come to the protected area.
  • the compartment 42 is filled with various materials, for example rock fragments or pebbles in the central zone and pollutant absorbing materials in the upper and lower parts.
  • FIG. 5 represents a module 50 consisting of a gabion 51 whose interior space is divided into three compartments 52, 53 and 54 by two partition walls 55 and 56.
  • the particularity of this module lies in the fact that it is suspended, for example at a pontoon 60, so that the sea level 61 reaches the height of the upper part of the compartments of the gabion 51.
  • the outer compartments 52 and 54 are empty in their central zone.
  • the intermediate compartment 53 is equipped with rip rap in its central part.
  • the three compartments are provided with absorbent materials in their lower zone and their upper zone.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a dwelling module (10) for protecting juvenile fish or the post-larvae of fish or crustaceans in a port area, said module comprising a heap of materials that form cavities and hollow spaces in the form of galleries, tunnels, or the like, defined by vaults and partitions. The module (10) consists of at least one flat gabion (11) which is relatively thin and can be attached along a quay, to a harbour wall, or under a pontoon. Said gabion (11) is filled with various materials (13, 14, 15) of different sizes and consistencies, which provide a range of functions according to the location thereof within the gabion, in particular the functions of absorbing polluting substances.

Description

MODULE D'HABITATION POUR LA PROTECTION DE POST-LARVES NOTAMMENT DANS DES INFRASTRUCTURES PORTUAIRES  HOUSING MODULE FOR THE PROTECTION OF POST-LARVAE, IN PARTICULAR IN PORT INFRASTRUCTURE
Domaine technique Technical area
La présente invention concerne un module d'habitation pour la protection de post-larves de poissons et de crustacés marins, notamment dans des infrastructures portuaires ou similaires, ce module comportant au moins un entassement de matériaux ménageant des cavités et des espaces creux sous forme de galeries, de tunnels ou autres espaces délimités par des voûtes et des cloisons. The present invention relates to a housing module for the protection of post-larvae of marine fish and crustaceans, in particular in port infrastructures or the like, this module comprising at least one heap of materials providing cavities and cavities in the form of galleries, tunnels or other spaces delimited by vaults and partitions.
Technique antérieure Prior art
Les post-larves qui reviennent du large pour coloniser les côtes trouvent parfois refuge dans le fond des ports et des marinas, notamment sur la côte méditerranéenne. Ces zones calmes et riches en matières organiques semblent, à première vue, être favorables au développement de ces jeunes recrues. Pourtant, le manque d'habitats diversifiés de ces fonds de port en font de véritables pièges face aux muges et aux mulets qui les prédatent sans rencontrer de résistance.  Post-larvae returning from the sea to colonize the coast sometimes find refuge in the depths of harbors and marinas, especially on the Mediterranean coast. These calm, organic-rich areas seem at first sight to be favorable to the development of these young recruits. However, the lack of diverse habitats of these harbor funds make them real pitfalls in front of the mules and the mules that predict them without encountering resistance.
Offrir un habitat temporaire d'émancipation permettrait à ces jeunes recrues de se protéger le temps de grandir un peu, en passant d'une taille inférieure à 10 mm à environ 25-30 mm en quelques semaines pour pouvoir ensuite quitter cette zone de manière plus active et éviter une majorité de prédateurs. Providing a temporary emancipation habitat would allow these young recruits to protect themselves while growing a little, from a size of less than 10 mm to about 25-30 mm in a few weeks to then leave this area more active and avoid a majority of predators.
La taille des post-larves appelées recrues, alevins ou juvéniles au cours de leur croissance, confrontées aux prédateurs présents dans les ports est essentielle. A partir d'une certaine taille, de l'ordre de 30 à 40 mm, les alevins devenus juvéniles, présents dans les ports améliorent leur chance de survie dans la mesure où la bouche des plus gros prédateurs présents ne dépasse pas cette taille. Il a été remarqué que des sars d'environ 40 mm ne se font plus attaquer par les prédateurs et même au contraire, ils participent à leur équilibre dans la mesure où les juvéniles les nettoient de leurs parasites. The size of post-larvae known as recruits, fry or juveniles during their growth, confronted with predators present in the ports is essential. From a certain size, of the order of 30 to 40 mm, fry become juveniles, present in the ports improve their chance of survival insofar as the mouth of the largest predators present does not exceed this size. It has been noticed that sars of about 40 mm are no longer attacked by predators and even on the contrary, they participate in their equilibrium to the extent that the juveniles clean them of their parasites.
Aussi, la phase critique pour les jeunes recrues se situe, quand ils sont petits, au moment où ils sont proches de la surface, particulièrement vulnérables et sans possibilité de se cacher de par l'absence d'anfractuosités et d'habitacles adéquats sur les parois des quais. Also, the critical phase for young recruits is, when they are small, when they are close to the surface, particularly vulnerable and without the possibility of hiding due to the absence of crevices and adequate interiors on the ground. walls of the wharves.
Exposé de l'invention Presentation of the invention
La présente invention vise à proposer à ces jeunes recrues des modules d'habitation suspendus adaptés à leur émancipation, qui participent en outre à la dépollution de zones portuaires.  The present invention aims to provide these young recruits suspended housing modules adapted to their emancipation, which also participate in the depollution of port areas.
De surcroît, la solution de l'invention présente l'avantage d'être modulaire puisqu'elle permet de juxtaposer plusieurs modules selon des dispositions diverses, d'être facilement transportables puisque la structure des modules est pliante, démontable et économique, les empierrements étant réalisables avec des fragments de cailloux, des blocs de roches ou des galets de dimensions diverses, mais suffisamment petites pour pouvoir être transportés aisément. Ces qualités permettent de réaliser ces sites protégés installés temporairement, de manière à pouvoir être démontés facilement après la période d'utilisation, stockés à l'extérieur et préparés pour une utilisation ultérieure. Leur construction facilite l'assemblage et un stockage peu encombrant. Dans ce but, le dispositif de l'invention tel que défini en préambule est caractérisé en ce qu'il se compose d'au moins un module indépendant au moins partiellement immergé, constitué d'au moins un gabion plat de relativement faible épaisseur, agencé pour être accroché à des parois de quais, de digues ou similaires, ledit gabion comprenant au moins un compartiment contenant lesdits matériaux de taille et de consistance adaptées pour assumer des fonctions variées selon leur localisation dans ledit gabion. Selon une forme de réalisation préférentielle, ledit gabion comporte un fond, un couvercle et quatre parois latérales grillagées délimitant au moins un compartiment rempli desdits matériaux. Ledit gabion comporte avantageusement au moins une paroi intermédiaire définissant plusieurs compartiments, certains au moins étant remplis desdits matériaux. In addition, the solution of the invention has the advantage of being modular since it makes it possible to juxtapose several modules according to various provisions, to be easily transportable since the structure of the modules is folding, dismountable and economical, the stones being can be made with pebble fragments, rock blocks or pebbles of various sizes, but small enough to be transported easily. These qualities make it possible to realize these temporarily installed protected sites, so that they can be dismounted easily after the period of use, stored outside and prepared for later use. Their construction facilitates assembly and space-saving storage. For this purpose, the device of the invention as defined in the preamble is characterized in that it consists of at least one independent module at least partially immersed, consisting of at least one flat gabion of relatively small thickness, arranged for hanging on walls of quays, dikes or the like, said gabion comprising at least one compartment containing said materials of size and consistency adapted to assume various functions according to their location in said gabion. According to a preferred embodiment, said gabion comprises a bottom, a cover and four grid side walls delimiting at least one compartment filled with said materials. Said gabion advantageously comprises at least one intermediate wall defining several compartments, at least some being filled with said materials.
Lesdits matériaux sont de préférence choisis parmi les suivants : cailloux, fragments de roches, galets, fibres, blocs minéraux naturels ou synthétiques. Said materials are preferably selected from the following: pebbles, rock fragments, pebbles, fibers, natural or synthetic mineral blocks.
Lesdits matériaux peuvent avantageusement avoir des caractéristiques d'absorption et/ou de fixation de substances polluantes. Le module d'habitation comporte des moyens d'accrochage aux parois de digues, de quais ou de supports immergés. Said materials may advantageously have characteristics of absorption and / or fixing of polluting substances. The housing module comprises means for attachment to the walls of dikes, wharves or submerged supports.
Lesdits matériaux ayant des caractéristiques d'absorption et/ou de fixation de substances polluantes sont avantageusement disposés dans la partie supérieure dudit gabion. Said materials having characteristics of absorption and / or fixing of polluting substances are advantageously arranged in the upper part of said gabion.
Les matériaux les plus grossiers sont de préférence disposés contre le quai ou la digue ou le support immergé. Les matériaux peuvent comporter des pierres reconstituées structurées qui comportent des galeries artificielles. The coarsest materials are preferably arranged against the dock or dike or submerged support. The materials may include structured reconstituted stones that include artificial galleries.
Certains compartiments dudit gabion, notamment ceux qui donnent sur le large sont libres pour faciliter l'accès des alevins à protéger, et d'autres qui donnent sur le support sont remplis dédits matériaux. De façon avantageuse, les composants dudit gabion, à savoir ledit fond, ledit couvercle et lesdites parois latérales grillagées ont des formes adaptées à la forme de la digue, du quai ou du support immergé. Les formes des composants dudit gabion peuvent englober des profils arrondis ou incurvés. Some compartments of said gabion, especially those overlooking the sea are free to facilitate the access of the fry to protect, and others that give on the support are filled dedits materials. Advantageously, the components of said gabion, namely said bottom, said cover and said grid side walls have shapes adapted to the shape of the dike, the dock or the immersed support. The shapes of the components of said gabion may include rounded or curved profiles.
En outre ledit module d'habitation peut être disposé à une hauteur par rapport au niveau moyen de l'eau telle que lesdits matériaux ayant des caractéristiques d'absorption et/ou de fixation de substances polluantes se situent sensiblement à la limite de l'air et de l'eau afin que les polluants de surface, notamment les hydrocarbures soient régulièrement amenés en contact avec lesdits matériaux. In addition, said dwelling unit can be arranged at a height with respect to the average level of the water such that said materials having characteristics of absorption and / or fixing of polluting substances are substantially at the limit of the air and water so that surface pollutants, especially hydrocarbons are regularly brought into contact with said materials.
Ledit module d'habitation peut avantageusement comporter plusieurs parois intermédiaires disposées soit horizontalement soit verticalement et la forme, la nature et les dimensions des matériaux peuvent être différents selon les compartiments délimités par iesdites parois intermédiaires. Said housing module may advantageously comprise a plurality of intermediate walls arranged either horizontally or vertically and the shape, nature and dimensions of the materials may be different depending on the compartments delimited by said intermediate walls.
Description sommaire des dessins Brief description of the drawings
La présente invention et ses avantages apparaîtront mieux dans la description suivante d'un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels: la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective illustrant une première forme de réalisation du module selon l'invention, la figure 2 représente une vue de côté d'une deuxième forme de réalisation du module selon l'invention, la figure 3 représente une vue de côté d'une troisième forme de réalisation du module selon l'invention, les figures 4A et 4B représentent respectivement une vue en perspective et une vue de coté d'une quatrième forme de réalisation du module selon l'invention, et la figure 5 représente une vue du module selon l'invention suspendu à un support et en grande partie immergé. The present invention and its advantages will appear better in the following description of an embodiment given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 represents a perspective view illustrating a first embodiment of the module according to the invention, Figure 2 shows a side view of a second embodiment of the module according to the invention, Figure 3 shows a side view of a third embodiment of the module according to the invention. , FIGS. 4A and 4B respectively represent a perspective view and a side view of a fourth embodiment of the module according to the invention, and FIG. 5 represents a view of the module according to the invention suspended on a support and in large immersed part.
Meilleures manières de réaliser l'invention Best ways to achieve the invention
En référence aux figures et en particulier à la figure 1 , le module 10 comporte au moins un gabion 1 1 , ce gabion . étant sensiblement plat, de relativement faible épaisseur, de préférence inférieure à environ 15 centimètres et agencé pour être fixé le long d'un quai, d'une digue ou accroché à un support, dans une zone portuaire ou similaire. Le gabion 1 1 se présente sous la forme d'une cage grillagée construite par exemple à partir de six éléments sensiblement rectangulaires, à savoir un fond 1 1a, quatre parois latérales 1 1 b et un couvercle 1 1c. Les éléments peuvent être reliés entre eux par des tiges hélicoïdales 12 ou par des anneaux de liaison (non représentés) de telle manière que le corps du gabion soit pliant pendant le transport et que le fond et le couvercle puissent s'adapter sur le corps. Dans cette réalisation, le gabion de faible épaisseur, ne gêne pas l'amarrage de bateaux dans le port, tout en ménageant un espace suffisant pour accueillir les post-larves et les protéger contre les prédateurs présents dans cette zone.  With reference to the figures and in particular to Figure 1, the module 10 comprises at least one gabion January 1, this gabion. being substantially flat, of relatively small thickness, preferably less than about 15 centimeters and arranged to be fixed along a dock, a dike or hung on a support, in a port area or the like. The gabion January 1 is in the form of a screen cage constructed for example from six substantially rectangular elements, namely a bottom 1 1a, four side walls 1 1 b and a lid 1 1c. The elements can be interconnected by helical rods 12 or by connecting rings (not shown) so that the body of the gabion is folding during transport and that the bottom and the lid can fit on the body. In this embodiment, the thin gabion, does not interfere with the docking of boats in the port, while providing sufficient space to accommodate post-larvae and protect them from predators present in this area.
Il est certain que la forme rectangulaire du gabion décrit ne constitue pas une limitation et que les parois, le fond et le couvercle pourraient présenter des variantes de formes et des modifications dimensionnelles sans perdre leur fonctionnalité. Le but est constant : offrir des refuges aux post-larves dans une zone généralement dépourvue d'abris pour les animaux marins en très bas âge. It is certain that the rectangular shape of the gabion described does not constitute a limitation and that the walls, the bottom and the lid could present variant shapes and dimensional modifications without losing their functionality. The goal is constant: to provide shelters for post-larvae in an area generally devoid of shelter for marine animals at a very young age.
Selon cette forme de réalisation, le gabion définit un espace unique qui peut cependant recevoir des matériaux divers, notamment des cailloux 13, des fragments de roches 14, des galets 15 ou tous autres matériaux adéquats permettant de former des creux et des cavités de refuge pour assurer la protection des petits poissons ou crustacés contre les prédateurs. Les matériaux peuvent également comporter des éléments reconstitués, par exemple des briques de terre cuite pourvues de galeries et dé tunnels qui offrent des caches et des passages aux alevins ou post-larves. Dans l'exemple représenté, dans la partie supérieure de la cavité intérieure du gabion, les cailloux 13 peuvent être constitués de pierre ponce, de fibres ou similaire qui a pour fonction de fixer les hydrocarbures surnageant sur les eaux du port. Cette fonction est particulièrement appréciée puisqu'elle contribue à l'assainissement des eaux de surface et à la dépollution de la zone portuaire. According to this embodiment, the gabion defines a single space which can, however, receive various materials, in particular pebbles 13, rock fragments 14, pebbles 15 or any other suitable material for forming cavities and refuge cavities for the protection of small fish or crustaceans against predators. The materials may also include reconstituted elements, for example terracotta bricks with tunnels and tunnels that provide caches and passages for the fry or post-larvae. In the example shown, in the upper part of the interior cavity of the gabion, pebbles 13 may consist of pumice, fiber or the like whose function is to fix the supernatant hydrocarbons on the waters of the port. This function is particularly appreciated since it contributes to the purification of surface water and the depollution of the port area.
Le module 20 de la figure 2, vu de côté, comporte un gabion 21 qui est sensiblement similaire au gabion 1 du module 10, mais se compose de deux compartiments intérieurs 22 et 23 séparés par une paroi grillagée intermédiaire 24. Cette présentation a l'avantage de permettre d'aménager des espaces différents, comme par exemple un secteur supérieur contenant des matériaux absorbants tels que la pierre ponce ou des fibres ou similaires pour récupérer et fixer des substances polluantes, et des secteurs d'habitation pour les alevins, comprenant avantageusement une zone qui donne sur le large et qui est libre, c'est-à-dire exempte de matériaux d'enrochement et une zone adjacente qui donne sur le quai ou le support et qui est pourvue desdits matériaux d'enrochement ou similaires 15 offrant des refuges et des caches pour protéger les animaux. Ces zones d'habitation assurent la protection des poissons contre les prédateurs et leur fournissent en outre des substances nutritives sous la forme de micro-organismes végétaux et animaux. Dans ces zones d'habitation, il est essentiel que les poissons puissent trouver les ouvertures et les galeries qui les mettent à l'abri en leur évitant une exposition à la surface de l'eau où ils sont extrêmement vulnérables, au moins dans leur première période de croissance, jusqu'à ce qu'ils aient atteint la taille critique au-delà de laquelle les prédateurs rôdeurs des eaux portuaires ne constituent plus ou en tout cas moins, un réel danger pour eux. La partie supérieure du gabion peut contenir des substances anti-polluantes 13 dont le but est de retenir les substances polluantes, notamment les hydrocarbures qui flottent en surface. C'est pourquoi, ces modules sont prévus pour être installés de façon temporaire et disposent de moyens de fixation, par exemple de crochets ou similaires pour être fixés pendant ladite période de croissance critique et décrochés par la suite en vue d'un nettoyage et d'une remise en état pour la saison suivante. The module 20 of FIG. 2, seen from the side, comprises a gabion 21 which is substantially similar to the gabion 1 of the module 10, but consists of two inner compartments 22 and 23 separated by an intermediate screen wall 24. This presentation has the advantage of allowing to arrange different spaces, such as for example a higher sector containing absorbent materials such as pumice or fibers or the like for recovering and fixing pollutants, and housing areas for fry, including advantageously a zone that is open to the sea and free, that is to say free of rockfill material and an adjacent zone that faces the wharf or the support and is provided with such rockfill material or the like 15 offering shelters and caches to protect animals. These residential areas protect fish from predators and provide nutrients in the form of plant and animal micro-organisms. In these residential areas, it is essential that fish can find the openings and galleries that shelter them by avoiding exposure to the surface of the water where they are extremely vulnerable, at least in their first period of growth, until they have reached the critical size beyond which predators prowling port waters no longer constitute or at least less, a real danger for them. The upper part of Gabion may contain anti-polluting substances 13 whose purpose is to retain polluting substances, especially hydrocarbons floating on the surface. Therefore, these modules are intended to be installed temporarily and have fastening means, for example hooks or the like to be fixed during said critical growth period and subsequently unhooked for cleaning and maintenance. a refurbishment for the following season.
La figure 3 représente une autre forme de réalisation d'un module 30 comportant un gabion 31 dont l'espace intérieur est divisé en trois compartiments 32, 33 et 34 par deux parois grillagées de séparation 35. Comme précédemment décrit en référence à la figure 2, le compartiment avant 32, orienté vers le large est libre et les compartiments arrières 33 et 34 du gabion contiennent de préférence des matériaux variés 15 dont les fonctions peuvent être différentes ou complémentaires. La fonction principale est d'organiser des habitats et des caches pour les alevins et des réserves de substances nutritives. L'objectif principal du module est donc de contribuer à transformer les pièges à larves que sont les eaux portuaires en véritables nurseries. La mortalité des jeunes recrues est principalement due à la prédation et le fait de leur mettre des caches à disposition empêche les prédateurs de les capturer. Une fonction secondaire peut être la dépollution des eaux de la zone portuaire. En effet, lorsque l'eau du port est brassée par les vagues et traverse les secteurs du gabion remplis de pierre ponce et/ou de fibres, les hydrocarbures en suspension et les autres déchets organiques sont fixés. En outre les murs de modules juxtaposés peuvent constituer de véritables supports actifs pour bactéries. FIG. 3 represents another embodiment of a module 30 comprising a gabion 31 whose interior space is divided into three compartments 32, 33 and 34 by two partitioning walls 35. As previously described with reference to FIG. 2 the front compartment 32, facing the sea, is free and the rear compartments 33 and 34 of the gabion preferably contain various materials whose functions may be different or complementary. The main function is to organize habitats and caches for fry and nutrient stores. The main objective of the module is therefore to help transform the larval traps that are port waters into real nurseries. The mortality of the young recruits is mainly due to predation and the fact of putting them caches at the disposal prevents the predators to catch them. A secondary function may be the depollution of the waters of the port area. Indeed, when the water of the harbor is brewed by the waves and crosses the sectors of the gabion filled with pumice and / or fibers, the suspended hydrocarbons and the other organic wastes are fixed. In addition, the walls of juxtaposed modules can constitute true active supports for bacteria.
Les parois de séparation peuvent être verticales ou horizontales ou certains modules pourraient avoir à la fois des séparations verticales et horizontales, les compartiments ainsi constitués contenant des matériaux différents adaptés à leurs fonctions. Ces matériaux peuvent aussi servir de réservoirs à nourritures étant donné que des substances nutritives peuvent s'a incruster et alimenter les post-larves et les alevins. The partition walls can be vertical or horizontal or some modules could have both vertical and horizontal separations, the compartments thus formed containing different materials adapted to their functions. These materials can also serve as food reservoirs since nutrients can become encrusted and feed the post-larvae and fry.
Les modules sont avantageusement indépendants et peuvent être fixés ou suspendus aux parois verticales de quais, de digues ou d'autres supports tels que des pontons, dans les ports, au moyen de crochets 40 ou similaires. Leur mise en place est de préférence provisoire, ce qui permet de nettoyer les matériaux qui ont fixé des polluants. Après nettoyage, les modules peuvent être remis en place tous les ans pendant et même après la période de reproduction. Le nombre des modules n'est pas limité et plus ils sont nombreux plus ils augmentent les chances de survie aux alevins. Ces modules apportent une solution simple et économique, mais très efficace pour lutter contre le dépeuplement des mers en raison de la surpêche et de la pollution. Les figures 4A et 4B représentent une autre forme de présentation du module selon l'invention. Le module 40 comporte un gabion 41 dont l'espace intérieur est divisé en deux compartiments 42 et 43 par une paroi grillagée de séparation 45. Les compartiments 42 et 43 du gabion sont diversement utilisés. Le compartiment 43 qui se trouve face au large est partiellement vide et seule sa partie inférieure 43a et supérieure 43b sont remplies de matériaux destinés par exemple à absorber des substances polluantes. La zone centrale est vide pour permettre aux post-larves de venir se réfugier rapidement dans la zone protégée. Le compartiment 42 est rempli de matériaux divers, par exemple des fragments de roches ou des cailloux dans la zone centrale et des matériaux absorbant les substances polluantes dans la partie supérieure et la partie inférieure. The modules are advantageously independent and can be fixed or suspended to the vertical walls of docks, dikes or other supports such as pontoons, in the ports, by means of hooks 40 or the like. Their placement is preferably temporary, which allows cleaning the materials that have fixed pollutants. After cleaning, the modules can be replaced every year during and even after the breeding season. The number of modules is not limited and the more they are the more they increase the chances of survival for fry. These modules provide a simple and economical solution, but very effective in the fight against depopulation of the seas due to overfishing and pollution. FIGS. 4A and 4B show another form of presentation of the module according to the invention. The module 40 comprises a gabion 41 whose interior space is divided into two compartments 42 and 43 by a partition wall 45. The compartments 42 and 43 of the gabion are used variously. The compartment 43 which is facing the sea is partially empty and only its lower part 43a and upper 43b are filled with materials intended for example to absorb polluting substances. The central area is empty to allow post-larvae to quickly come to the protected area. The compartment 42 is filled with various materials, for example rock fragments or pebbles in the central zone and pollutant absorbing materials in the upper and lower parts.
La figure 5 représente un module 50 constitué d'un gabion 51 dont l'espace intérieur est divisé en trois compartiments 52, 53 et 54 par deux parois grillagées de séparation 55 et 56. La particularité de ce module réside dans le fait qu'il est suspendu, par exemple à un ponton 60, de telle manière que le niveau de la mer 61 arrive à la hauteur de la partie supérieure des compartiments du gabion 51. Dans cette réalisation les compartiments extérieurs 52 et 54 sont vides dans leur zone centrale. Le compartiment intermédiaire 53 est équipé d'un enrochement dans sa partie centrale. Les trois compartiments sont pourvus de matériaux absorbants dans leur zone inférieure et leur zone supérieure. FIG. 5 represents a module 50 consisting of a gabion 51 whose interior space is divided into three compartments 52, 53 and 54 by two partition walls 55 and 56. The particularity of this module lies in the fact that it is suspended, for example at a pontoon 60, so that the sea level 61 reaches the height of the upper part of the compartments of the gabion 51. In this embodiment the outer compartments 52 and 54 are empty in their central zone. The intermediate compartment 53 is equipped with rip rap in its central part. The three compartments are provided with absorbent materials in their lower zone and their upper zone.
D'autres formes de réalisation pourraient être envisagées. Des variantes de ces modules pourraient être imaginées. Le nombre de compartiments pourrait être augmenté et leur remplissage différencié. Néanmoins, toutes les formes de construction sont directement dépendantes du module de base et sont par conséquent couverts par les revendications. Néanmoins, la forme parallélépipédique du gabion pourrait être remplacée par des formes arrondies ou même circulaires pour des applications où les supports sont des colonnes de section circulaire ou des parois de quais de forme incurvée. Le principe n'est en rien influencé ou modifié par la forme particulière des gabions et l'utilisation des modules reste indépendante de cette forme. Other embodiments could be envisaged. Variations of these modules could be imagined. The number of compartments could be increased and their filling differentiated. Nevertheless, all forms of construction are directly dependent on the basic module and are therefore covered by the claims. Nevertheless, the parallelepipedal shape of the gabion could be replaced by rounded or even circular forms for applications where the supports are columns of circular section or walls of curved platform. The principle is not influenced or modified by the particular shape of the gabions and the use of the modules remains independent of this form.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Module d'habitation (10; 20; 30) pour la protection de post-larves de poissons et de crustacés marins, notamment dans des infrastructures portuaires ou similaires, ce module comportant au moins un entassement de matériaux ménageant des cavités et des espaces creux sous forme de galeries, de tunnels ou autres espaces délimités par des voûtes et des cloisons, caractérisé en ce qu'il se compose d'au moins un module indépendant au moins partiellement immergé, constitué d'au moins un gabion (1 1 ; 21 ; 31 ) plat de relativement faible épaisseur, agencé pour être suspendu à des parois de quais, de digues . ou similaires, ledit gabion (1 1 ; 21 ; 31 ) comportant au moins un compartiment contenant lesdits matériaux (13, 14, 15) de taille et de consistance formant ledit entassement et adaptés en vue d'assumer des fonctions variées dans le cadre de ladite protection desdites post-larves selon leur localisation dans ledit gabion (1 1 ; 21 ; 31 ). 1. Housing module (10; 20; 30) for the protection of post-larvae of marine fish and crustaceans, in particular in harbor infrastructures or the like, this module comprising at least one stack of materials providing cavities and cavities under form of galleries, tunnels or other spaces delimited by vaults and partitions, characterized in that it consists of at least one independent module at least partially immersed, consisting of at least one gabion (1 1; 21; 31) flat relatively thin, arranged to be suspended from the walls of docks, dikes. or the like, said gabion (11; 21; 31) having at least one compartment containing said materials (13, 14, 15) of a size and consistency forming said heap and adapted to assume various functions in the context of said protection of said post-larvae according to their location in said gabion (11; 21; 31).
2. Module d'habitation selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que ledit gabion (1 1 ) comporte un fond (1 1 a), un couvercle (1 1 c) et au moins quatre parois latérales grillagées (1 1 b) définissant des parois dudit compartiment rempli desdits matériaux. Housing module according to claim 1, characterized in that said gabion (1 1) comprises a bottom (1 1 a), a cover (1 1 c) and at least four side walls (1 1 b) defining walls of said compartment filled with said materials.
3. Module d'habitation selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que ledit gabion (21 ; 31 ) comporte au moins une paroi intermédiaire (24; 35) pour définir plusieurs compartiments (22, 23; 32, 33, 34), certains au moins de ces compartiments étant remplis desdits matériaux. Housing module according to claim 1, characterized in that said gabion (21; 31) has at least one intermediate wall (24; 35) for defining a plurality of compartments (22, 23, 32, 33, 34), some at least of these compartments being filled with said materials.
4. Module d'habitation selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que lesdits matériaux (13, 14, 15) sont choisis parmi les matériaux suivants : cailloux, fragments de roches, galets, fibres, blocs minéraux naturels ou synthétiques. 4. Housing module according to claim 1, characterized in that said materials (13, 14, 15) are selected from the following materials: pebbles, rock fragments, pebbles, fibers, natural or synthetic mineral blocks.
5. Module d'habitation selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que certains desdits matériaux (13) ont des caractéristiques d'absorption et/ou de fixation de substances polluantes. 5. Housing module according to claim 4, characterized in that some of said materials (13) have characteristics of absorption and / or fixing of polluting substances.
6. Module d'habitation selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens d'accrochage (40) pour suspendre ledit module aux parois de digues, de quais ou de supports. 6. Housing module according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises hooking means (40) for suspending said module to the walls of dikes, platforms or supports.
7. Module d'habitation selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdits matériaux (13) ayant des caractéristiques d'absorption et/ou de fixation de substances polluantes sont disposés à la partie supérieure du gabion (1 1 ; 21 ; 31 ). 7. Housing module according to claim 5, characterized in that said materials (13) having characteristics of absorption and / or fixing of polluting substances are arranged at the upper part of the gabion (1 1; 21; 31) .
8. Module d'habitation selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que certains compartiments dudit gabion, notamment ceux qui donnent sur le large sont libres pour faciliter l'accès des post-larves à protéger, et d'autres qui donnent sur le support sont remplis dédits matériaux. 8. Housing module according to claim 3, characterized in that some compartments of said gabion, including those that face the open sea are free to facilitate access of post-larvae to protect, and others that overlook the support are filled out materials.
9. Module d'habitation selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que certains desdits matériaux (13, 14, 15) comportent des pierres reconstituées structurées qui comportent des galeries artificielles. 9. Housing module according to claim 1, characterized in that some of said materials (13, 14, 15) comprise structured reconstituted stones which comprise artificial galleries.
10. Module d'habitation selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les composants dudit gabion (1 1 ), à savoir ledit fond (1 1 a), ledit couvercle (1 1 c) et lesdites parois latérales grillagées (1 1 b) ont des formes adaptées à la forme de la digue, du quai ou du support. 10. Housing module according to claim 2, characterized in that the components of said gabion (1 1), namely said bottom (1 1 a), said cover (1 1 c) and said side walls (1 1 b) ) have shapes adapted to the shape of the dike, the dock or the support.
1 1 . Module d'habitation selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les formes des composants dudit gabion englobent des profils arrondis ou incurvés. 1 1. Housing module according to claim 10, characterized in that the shapes of the components of said gabion include rounded or curved profiles.
12. Module d'habitation selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il est disposé à une hauteur par rapport au niveau moyen de l'eau telle que lesdits matériaux (13) ayant des caractéristiques d'absorption et/ou de fixation de substances polluantes se situent sensiblement à la limite de l'air et de l'eau afin que les polluants de surface, notamment les hydrocarbures soient régulièrement amenés en contact avec lesdits matériaux. 12. Housing module according to claim 7, characterized in that it is arranged at a height relative to the average level of water such that said materials (13) having characteristics of absorption and / or fixing of pollutants are located substantially at the limit of air and water so that surface pollutants, including hydrocarbons are regularly brought into contact with said materials.
13. Module d'habitation selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte plusieurs parois intermédiaires disposées soit horizontalement soit verticalement et en ce que la forme, la nature et les dimensions des matériaux sont différents selon les compartiments délimités par lesdites parois intermédiaires. 13. Housing module according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of intermediate walls arranged either horizontally or vertically and in that the shape, nature and dimensions of the materials are different according to the compartments defined by said intermediate walls. .
PCT/IB2012/002060 2011-10-13 2012-10-04 Dwelling module for protecting post-larvae, in particular in port infrastructures WO2013054183A1 (en)

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