WO2013052055A1 - Systèmes d'extinction d'incendie à gaz généré et renforcé par des liquides et procédés associés - Google Patents

Systèmes d'extinction d'incendie à gaz généré et renforcé par des liquides et procédés associés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013052055A1
WO2013052055A1 PCT/US2011/055091 US2011055091W WO2013052055A1 WO 2013052055 A1 WO2013052055 A1 WO 2013052055A1 US 2011055091 W US2011055091 W US 2011055091W WO 2013052055 A1 WO2013052055 A1 WO 2013052055A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
gas
fire
suppression apparatus
fire suppression
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2011/055091
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William P. Sampson
Original Assignee
Alliant Techsystems Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alliant Techsystems Inc. filed Critical Alliant Techsystems Inc.
Priority to JP2014534523A priority Critical patent/JP6216319B2/ja
Priority to AU2011378460A priority patent/AU2011378460B2/en
Priority to PCT/US2011/055091 priority patent/WO2013052055A1/fr
Priority to CN201180073596.2A priority patent/CN103826704B/zh
Priority to EP11770980.8A priority patent/EP2763751A1/fr
Priority to CA2849009A priority patent/CA2849009C/fr
Publication of WO2013052055A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013052055A1/fr
Priority to AU2016216605A priority patent/AU2016216605B2/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C13/00—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use
    • A62C13/02—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use with pressure gas produced by chemicals
    • A62C13/22—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use with pressure gas produced by chemicals with incendiary substances producing pressure gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
    • F41H9/04—Gas-blowing apparatus, e.g. for tear gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/04—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive for producing gas under pressure

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the disclosure relate generally to fire suppression.
  • Embodiments of the disclosure relate to fire suppression apparatuses having a gas generator and a cooling system and to methods of using such fire suppression apparatuses to suppress a fire. Embodiments of the disclosure also relate to methods of cooling a fire suppressant gas using a liquid coolant.
  • Halon halocarbons In the past, Halon halocarbons have found extensive application in connection with fire suppression.
  • the term "Halon halocarbons" generally refers to haloalkanes, or halogenoalkanes, a group of chemical compounds consisting of alkanes with linked halogens and, in particular, to bromine-containing haloalkanes.
  • Halon halocarbons are generally efficient in extinguishing most types of fires, desirably are electrically non-conductive, tend to dissipate rapidly without residue formation and to be relatively safe for limited human exposure.
  • Halon halocarbons such as the halocarbon Halon 1301 (bromotrifluoromethane, CBrF 3 ), have found utility as fire suppressants in or for areas or buildings typically not well suited for application of water sprinkler systems, areas such as data and computer centers, museums, libraries, surgical suites and other locations where application of water-based suppressants can result in irreparable damage to electronics, vital archival collections or the like.
  • halocarbon Halon 1301 bromotrifluoromethane, CBrF 3
  • Halon halocarbons have been found to have a detrimental impact on the environment due to an ozone depleting aspect with respect to the atmosphere.
  • Fire suppression apparatuses including a housing having gas generant material disposed therein, an initiator configured to ignite at least a portion of the gas generant material to form gas, and a cooling system disposed adjacent the housing.
  • the cooling system includes a first chamber with a coolant material disposed therein and a second chamber. Upon actuation, at least a portion of the coolant material flows from the first chamber into the second chamber to mix with and cool the gas formed by the ignition of the gas generant material.
  • the fire suppression apparatus further includes a piston disposed within the first chamber of the cooling system, the piston being movable within the first chamber to pressurize the coolant material and flow the coolant material from the first chamber into the second chamber.
  • the coolant material may be a liquid.
  • Methods for suppressing a fire with a fire suppression apparatus including igniting a gas generant material to form a fire suppressant gas, flowing the fire suppressant gas into first and second chambers of a cooling system, and flowing a coolant material from the first chamber into the second chamber by forcing a piston to move in the first chamber with the fire suppressant gas.
  • the coolant material may mix with and cool the fire suppressant gas.
  • the mixture of the coolant material and the fire suppressant gas may be directed toward a fire.
  • Methods for cooling a fire suppressant gas including flowing a fire suppressant gas into a first and second chamber, moving a piston operatively disposed in the first chamber by pushing against the piston with the fire suppressant gas, flowing a coolant material from the first chamber into the second chamber by pushing against the coolant material with the piston, and mixing the coolant material and the fire suppressant gas in the second chamber.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a gas generator of a fire suppression apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the gas generator shown in
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional perspective view of a portion of the gas generator shown in FIG. 1 , taken along the line 3-3 as shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 4A through 4C show cross-sectional views of a cooling system of a fire suppression apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a cooling system of a fire suppression apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B show cross-sectional views of a cooling system of a fire suppression apparatus according to another embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a cooling system of a fire suppression apparatus according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of a cooling system of a fire suppression apparatus according to an additional embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 1 through 8 illustrate portions of embodiments of a fire suppression apparatus of the present disclosure.
  • Fire suppression apparatuses of the present disclosure include a gas generator (see FIGS. 1-3) and a cooling system (see FIGS. 1-3).
  • FIGS. 4A-8 configured to cool a fire suppressant gas generated by the gas generator.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a gas generator 20 of a fire suppression apparatus of the present disclosure.
  • the gas generator 20 includes a generator housing 22, a first end wall 24 positioned at a first longitudinal end of the generator housing 22, and a second end wall 76 positioned at a second longitudinal end of the generator housing 22 opposite the first longitudinal end.
  • the generator housing 22, first end wall 24, and second end wall 76 may each be formed of a material able to withstand elevated temperatures and/or pressures produced during actuation of the gas generator 20.
  • the generator housing 22, first end wall 24, and second end wall 76 may each be formed of one or more of a metal (e.g., steel), a polymer, a composite (e.g., a fibrous composite), and a ceramic.
  • the first and second end walls 24, 76 may be formed integrally with the generator housing 22 or formed separately and attached to the generator housing 22 by way of, for example, a weld, an adhesive, a crimp, threads, mechanical fasteners, a press fit, etc.
  • a gas generant material 52 may be disposed within the generator housing 22 for generating a gas (e.g., a fire suppressant gas).
  • a gas e.g., a fire suppressant gas.
  • Materials that may be used for the gas generant material 52 include, for example, materials known in the art of inflatable vehicular occupant safety restraint systems (e.g., airbag systems).
  • compositions suitable for gas generant material 52 are known to those of ordinary skill in the art and may differ depending upon the intended application for the generated gas.
  • the gas generant material 52 of the gas generant wafers 66 may be a HACN composition, as disclosed in United States Patent Nos. 5,439,537, 5,673,935, 5,725,699, and 6,039,820 to Hinshaw et al., the disclosure of each of which patents is incorporated by reference herein.
  • the HACN used in the gas generant material 52 may be recrystallized and include less than approximately 0.1 % activated charcoal or carbon.
  • the amount of carbon-containing gases such as CO, C0 2 , or mixtures thereof, may be minimized upon combustion of the gas generant material 52.
  • a technical grade HACN having up to approximately 1 % activated charcoal or carbon may be used. It is also contemplated that conventional gas generant materials that produce gaseous combustion products that do not include carbon containing gases or NO x may also be used.
  • the HACN composition, or other gas generant material 52 may include additional ingredients, such as at least one of an oxidizing agent, ignition enhancer, ballistic modifier, slag enhancing agent, cooling agent, a chemical fire suppressant, inorganic binder, or an organic binder.
  • the HACN composition may include at least one of cupric oxide, titanium dioxide, guanidine nitrate, strontium nitrate, and glass.
  • Many additives used in the gas generant material 52 may have multiple purposes. For sake of example only, an additive used as an oxidizer may provide cooling, ballistic modifying, or slag enhancing properties to the gas generant material 52.
  • the oxidizing agent may be used to promote oxidation of the activated charcoal present in the HACN or of the ammonia groups coordinated to the cobalt in the HACN.
  • the oxidizing agent may be an ammonium nitrate, an alkali metal nitrate, an alkaline earth nitrate, an ammonium perchlorate, an alkali metal perchlorate, an alkaline earth perchlorate, an ammonium peroxide, an alkali metal peroxide, or an alkaline earth peroxide.
  • the oxidizing agent may also be a transition metal based oxidizer, such as a copper based oxidizer, that includes, but is not limited to, basic copper nitrate ([Cu 2 (OH) 3 N0 3 ]) ("BCN"), Cu 2 0, or CuO.
  • the copper based oxidizer may act as a coolant, a ballistic modifier, or a slag enhancing agent.
  • the copper based oxidizer may produce copper containing combustion products, such as copper metal and cuprous oxide, which are miscible with cobalt combustion products, such as cobalt metal and cobaltous oxide.
  • HACN-containing gas generant materials that include copper-based oxidizers ignite more readily and burn more rapidly at or near atmospheric pressure. However, due to the lower pressure dependence, they burn less rapidly at extremely high pressures, such as those greater than approximately 3000 psi.
  • the gas generant material 52 may, by way of example, be a solid material that is formed as wafers 66 that are generally cylindrical.
  • the wafers 66 of gas generant material 52 may each have one or more holes therethrough to provide improved ignition of the gas generant material 52 and increased gas flow through the gas generator 20 upon actuation thereof.
  • the wafers 66 of gas generant material 52 may be arranged in one or more stacks, as shown in FIG. 1. Each stack of wafers 66 may be disposed at least partially within a gas generant container 54.
  • Each gas generant container 54 may be generally cylindrical and contain perforations therethrough for improving gas flow and ignition of the gas generant material 52.
  • a space 34 may be provided between each gas generant container 54 to enable gas to flow therethrough upon actuation of the gas generator 20.
  • Any number of gas generant containers 54 may be disposed within the generator housing 22.
  • the number of gas generant containers 54 and, therefore, the quantity of gas generant material 52 may be modified to, for example, tailor the amount of fire suppression provided, the cost of the fire suppression apparatus, the weight of the fire suppression apparatus, etc.
  • the wafers 66 of gas generant material 52 may be held in place within the gas generant container 54 with a first retainer disk 62 at one end of the gas generant container 54 and a second retainer disk 64 disposed at an opposite end of the gas generant container 54.
  • the first and second retainer disks 62, 64 may each have one or more openings therethrough for enabling flow of ignition products and/or gas therethrough.
  • additional retainer disks (not shown) may be disposed between each wafer 66 of gas generant material 52.
  • a first retainer plate 48 may be positioned within the generator housing 22 proximate the first end wall 24 and a second retainer plate 70 may be positioned within the generator housing 22 proximate the second end wall 76.
  • the first and second retainer plates 48, 70 may be configured to hold the gas generant containers 54 in place within housing 22 of the gas generator 20.
  • the first retainer plate 48 may include a recess 36 in which an ignition material 50 may be disposed.
  • the first retainer plate 48 may include holes 44 therethrough to allow ignition products to pass therethrough for igniting the gas generant material 52 upon actuation of the gas generator 20.
  • Actuation of the gas generator 20 may occur through actuation of an igniter 72 positioned proximate the first end wall 24 and positioned proximate at least a portion of the ignition material 50.
  • the igniter 72 may be an electronic igniter configured to ignite when, for example, a fire alarm is activated.
  • the igniter 72 is actuated, the ignition material 50 is ignited and, consequently, the gas generant material 52 is ignited and combusts to generate a fire suppressant gas.
  • the gas generant material 52 may react to form a fire suppressant gas upon contact with ignition products of the ignition material 50.
  • the second end wall 76 may include openings 78 for enabling the fire suppressant gas generated by the gas generant material 52 to flow therethrough and out of the gas generator 20.
  • a barrier 81 may be positioned over the openings 78 in the second end wall 76 to prevent passage of materials through the openings 78 before the gas generator 20 is actuated, and to enable a pressure increase within the gas generator 20 so that combustion of the gas generant material 52 becomes self-sustaining.
  • the barrier 81 may be a pressure-sensitive barrier configured to rupture when sufficient pressure is applied thereto, thus allowing passage of the fire suppressant gas generated by the combusting gas generant material 52 through the openings 78 when the gas generator 20 is actuated.
  • the barrier 81 may be a foil band or tape and may be chosen to rupture at a predetermined pressure above ambient pressure outside of the gas generator 20.
  • a gas generator 20 is shown with reference to FIGS. 1 through 3, the disclosure is not so limited.
  • any source of fire suppressant gas or other fire suppressant material which may require removal of heat from a fire suppressant material stream for a particular application may be used with cooling systems of the present disclosure.
  • the gas generator 20 may be coupled to a cooling system, such as the cooling system 100 described in more detail below (FIGS. 4A through 4C).
  • a connection element 30 may, optionally, be disposed between the gas generator 20 and the cooling system 100.
  • the cooling system 100 may be connected directly to the gas generator 20, such as by a weld, a crimp, a press fit, threads, an adhesive, mechanical fasteners, etc.
  • fire suppressant gas generated by the gas generator 20 may pass through the openings 78 in the second end wall 76 of the gas generator 20 and into the cooling system 100, as described in more detail below.
  • FIGS. 4A through 8 do not show a gas generator, it is to be understood that a gas generator as described above may be positioned adjacent the cooling systems of FIGS. 4A through 8 so that fire suppressant gas generated by and exiting from the gas generator may be cooled by the cooling systems.
  • the gas generator 20 described above may be attached to any of the cooling systems of FIGS. 4A through 8 at the bottom of the cooling systems, when viewed in the perspectives of FIGS. 4A through 8.
  • gas may exit the gas generator 20 through the openings 78 and into any of the cooling systems 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 to flow therethrough and to be cooled, as will be described in more detail below.
  • the cooling system 100 may include a first chamber 1 10 defined at least in part by a first housing 132.
  • the first chamber 1 10 includes a piston 1 12 disposed therein and configured to move within the first chamber 1 10 upon application of sufficient force (e.g., pressure) against the piston 1 12.
  • One or more seals 114 e.g., O-rings
  • a coolant material 130 may be disposed within the first chamber 1 10.
  • the coolant material 130 may be provided in the first chamber 1 10 through, for example, a fill port 1 18.
  • the coolant material 130 may be in liquid form at least prior to operation of the cooling system 100. However, during operation of the cooling system 100, at least a portion of the coolant material 130 may vaporize to form a gaseous material, as will be described in more detail below. During operation, the coolant material 130 may flow out of the first chamber 1 10 through a nozzle 1 16.
  • the nozzle 1 16 may be covered or closed by a pressure-sensitive barrier 117, such as a foil, as described above with reference to the barrier 81 of FIG. 1.
  • the cooling system 100 may include a second chamber 120 defined at least in part by a second housing 122.
  • the second housing 122 may optionally include a flange 123 for connection to the gas generator 20.
  • a plate 124 with at least one opening 126 therethrough may be disposed within the second housing 122.
  • the second housing 122 may include at least one opening 140 for discharging fire suppressant gas therethrough, such as to suppress a fire.
  • FIGS. 4B and 4C illustrate the cooling system 100 in operation.
  • the fire suppressant gas may exit the housing 22 and flow into the cooling system 100.
  • the fire suppressant gas may flow against a structure in the form of the plate 124, increasing pressure of the fire suppressant gas exiting the housing 22 upstream of the plate 124.
  • Such an increased pressure may act more effectively on the coolant material 130 in the first chamber 1 10 through the piston 1 12.
  • the pressure of the fire suppressant gas may push against the piston 1 12 in the first chamber 1 10, forcing the piston 1 12 to move in the first chamber 1 10 and to press against the coolant material 130.
  • the size of the plate 124 and the corresponding openings 126 can be tailored to cause sufficient pressure to move the piston 1 12. Due to the movement of the piston 1 12, the coolant material 130 may pressurize and break the barrier 1 17 (FIG. 4A) covering the nozzle 116, causing the coolant material to flow into the second chamber 120 of the cooling system 100. At least a portion of the fire suppressant gas may flow through the at least one opening 126 in the plate 124 and into the second chamber 120. The coolant material 130 flowing through the nozzle 1 16 may contact and cool the fire suppressant gas flowing through the second chamber 120.
  • At least a portion of the coolant material 130 may vaporize and become a mist or even substantially gaseous upon exiting the nozzle 1 16 and contacting the fire suppressant gas. Such a phase change may remove heat from the fire suppressant gas and therefore may enhance the cooling thereof.
  • a combination of fire suppressant gas and coolant material 130 in a liquid, gaseous, or a combination of liquid and gaseous form may be expelled from the cooling system 100 through the opening 140 at a reduced temperature compared to a temperature of the fire suppressant gas exiting the gas generator 20 and entering the cooling system 100.
  • the reduced temperature of the fire suppressant gas may enhance the fire suppression thereof and may reduce or eliminate harm (e.g., burns) to people who may be proximate the fire suppression system when it is actuated.
  • the piston 112 may continue to move through the first chamber 1 10 forcing the coolant material 130 to flow into the second chamber 120 until either the pressure from the fire suppressant gas pushing against the piston 1 12 is sufficiently reduced or substantially all of the liquid coolant material 130 is forced out of the first chamber 1 10.
  • the coolant material 130 may include at least one endothermically alterable material.
  • the endothermically alterable material may include a liquid that may vaporize and/or decompose upon contact with the fire suppressant gas generated by the ignition of the gas generant 52, which may cool the fire suppressant gas.
  • the endothermically alterable material may endothermically decompose and/or vaporize to form additional gaseous products, thus increasing the resulting quantity of gaseous products.
  • Such an increase in the quantity of gaseous products may reduce the quantity of the gas generant material 52 required for proper functioning of the fire suppression apparatus.
  • the size of the gas generator 20 of the fire suppression apparatus may be reduced, thus reducing the cost and/or size of the fire suppression apparatus and/or increasing the fire suppression capability of the fire suppression apparatus.
  • Suitable coolant materials 130 may include liquid materials that remain a liquid at ambient temperatures in which the fire suppression apparatus may operate (e.g., between about -35°C and about 85°C). Furthermore, any products formed from the coolant material 130 may be within acceptable effluent limits associated with particular fire suppression applications. Also, the coolant material 130 may be non-corrosive to facilitate storage in the first chamber 1 10. Examples of coolant materials 130 that generally meet such criteria include water mixed with calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) and water mixed with propylene glycol.
  • the first chamber 1 10 may include one or more active fire suppression compounds that are generally useful for suppressing a fire upon contact therewith.
  • active fire suppression compounds that may be used include potassium acetate and alkali metal bicarbonates.
  • a solution of 30% by weight potassium acetate in water can reduce the quantity of gas generant 52 required and generator housing 22 size and weight of a subject fire suppression apparatus by about 40% without significantly changing either the size of the first chamber 1 10 or the fire suppression capability of the fire suppression apparatus, as compared to an otherwise similar apparatus lacking the potassium acetate solution.
  • FIG. 5 Another embodiment of a cooling system 200 of a fire suppression apparatus of the present disclosure is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the cooling system 200 of FIG. 5 is similar to the cooling system 100 shown in FIGS. 4A through 4C and may include a first chamber 110 defined at least in part by a first housing 132, a second
  • the first chamber 110 may be at least partially filled with a coolant material 130, provided, for example, through a fill port 1 18.
  • At least one seal 1 14 (e.g., O-ring) may be disposed around the piston 112 to inhibit fluid flow around the piston 1 12.
  • the second housing 122 may include a flange 123 for connection with a gas generator (e.g., the gas generator 20 described above), a plate 124 with at least one opening 126 therethrough, and an opening 140 for discharging fire suppressant gas therethrough.
  • the cooling system 200 differs from the cooling system 100 of FIGS.
  • the 4A through 4C in that it includes one or more openings 216 positioned radially around the second housing 122 for injecting the coolant material 130 therein.
  • the one or more openings 216 may be covered by a pressure-sensitive barrier 217, such as a foil band, as described above with reference to the barriers 81 and 1 17.
  • the cooling system 200 may operate in a similar manner to that described with reference to FIGS. 4A through 4B in that the fire suppressant gas entering the cooling system 200 may press against the piston 1 12, causing it to move within the first chamber 1 10. Pressurized coolant material 130 may rupture the barrier 217, enabling coolant material 130 to flow into the second chamber 120 through the one or more openings 216 to mix with and cool the fire suppressant gas.
  • the position of the one or more openings 216 radially around the second housing 122 may enable modified mixing and cooling characteristics, compared to the position of the nozzle 1 16 shown in FIGS. 4A through 4C.
  • FIGS. 4A through 5 show embodiments of a cooling system 100, 200 with a first chamber 1 10 at least partially defined by a first housing 132 positioned laterally adjacent a second chamber 120 at least partially defined by a second housing 122
  • the present disclosure is not so limited.
  • the first chamber 1 10 may be at least partially disposed within the second housing 122 of the second chamber 120.
  • the second chamber 120 may be at least partially disposed within the first housing 132.
  • the first chamber 1 10 may at least partially laterally surround the second chamber 120.
  • Further example embodiments of cooling systems 300, 400, 500 of the present disclosure are shown in FIGS. 6A through 8 and described in more detail below.
  • a cooling system 300 may include a first chamber 310 defined at least in part by a first housing 332 with coolant material 130 disposed therein.
  • a second chamber 320 defined at least in part by a second housing 322 may be at least partially disposed within the first housing 332 and the first chamber 310.
  • a piston 312 may be disposed within the first chamber 310 and may laterally surround a portion of the second housing 322 defining the second chamber 320.
  • One or more seals 314 e.g., O-rings
  • the first housing 332 may include a flange 323 for connection with a gas generator.
  • a plate 324 with at least one opening 326 therethrough may be positioned within the second chamber 320.
  • the second housing 322 may include one or more openings 316 therethrough providing fluid communication between the first and second chambers 310, 320.
  • the one or more openings 316 may be covered by a pressure-sensitive barrier 317, such as a foil band, to inhibit fluid communication through the one or more openings 316 when the cooling system 300 is not in operation.
  • the fire suppressant gas when fire suppressant gas is introduced into the bottom of the cooling system 300 (when viewed in the perspective of FIGS. 6A and 6B), the fire suppressant gas may push against the piston 312, forcing it to move through the first chamber 310. At least some of the fire suppressant gas may flow through the one or more openings 326 in the plate 324 and into the second chamber 320. The movement of the piston 312 may force the coolant material 130 to rupture the barrier 317 and flow into the second chamber 320 to mix with and cool the fire suppressant gas flowing therethrough. Thus, as described above, the fire suppressant gas may be cooled by the coolant material 130 before and/or after being discharged from the cooling system 300.
  • FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of a cooling system 400 of a fire suppression apparatus of the present disclosure.
  • the cooling system 400 shown in FIG. 7 is similar to the cooling system 300 shown in FIGS. 6A through 6B and may include a first chamber 310 defined at least in part by a first housing 332 that at least partially laterally surrounds a second chamber 320 defined at least in part by a second housing 322.
  • the coolant material 130 may be disposed within the first chamber 310.
  • One or more openings 316 may extend through the second
  • housing 322 to provide fluid communication between the first and second
  • a barrier 317 may cover the one or more openings 316, as described above.
  • a plate 324 with at least one opening 326 therethrough may be positioned within the second chamber 320.
  • the cooling system 400 does not include a piston. Rather, the cooling system 400 may include additional one or more openings 406 through the second housing 322 covered by another barrier 407, the another barrier 407 similar to the barriers 81 , 1 17, 217, 317 described above.
  • the additional one or more openings 406 may be positioned in the flowpath before the plate 324 so that fire suppressant gas flowing through the cooling system 400 may rupture the another barrier 407 and enter the first chamber 310 to pressurize the first chamber 310 and cause the coolant material 130 to rupture the barrier 317 and flow into the second chamber 320 through the openings 316.
  • the coolant material 130 may mix with and cool fire suppressant gas flowing through the second chamber 320, as described above, before being discharged from the cooling system 400.
  • FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of a cooling system 500 of a fire suppression apparatus of the present disclosure.
  • the cooling system 500 shown in FIG. 8 is similar to the cooling system 300 shown in FIGS. 6A through 6B and may include a first chamber 310 defined at least in part by a first housing 332 that at least partially laterally surrounds a second chamber 320 defined at least in part by a second housing 322.
  • the coolant material 130 may be disposed within the first chamber 310.
  • One or more openings 316 extend through the second housing 322 to provide fluid communication between the first and second chambers 310, 320.
  • a barrier 317 may cover the one or more openings 316, as described above.
  • a plate 324 with at least one opening 326 therethrough may be positioned within the second chamber 320.
  • the cooling system 500 does not include a piston. Rather, the cooling system may include a perforated plate 508 disposed at a longitudinal end of the first chamber 310 closest to a source of fire suppressant gas (e.g., a gas generator 20, as described above). Perforations of the perforated plate 508 may be referred to as at least one additional opening.
  • An additional barrier 507 similar to the barriers 81 , 1 17, 217, 317, 407 described above, may cover the perforated plate 508. Fire suppressant gas flowing through the cooling system 500 may rupture the additional barrier 507 and enter the first chamber 310 through the perforated plate 508.
  • the fire suppressant gas may pressurize the first chamber 310 and cause the coolant material 130 to rupture the barrier 317 and flow into the second chamber 320 through the openings 316.
  • the coolant material 130 may mix with and cool fire suppressant material flowing through the second chamber 320, as described above, before being discharged from the cooling system 500.
  • the present disclosure includes methods for cooling a fire suppressant gas.
  • a fire suppressant gas may be flowed into a first chamber and a second chamber of a cooling system.
  • the first chamber and the second chamber may be proximate each other.
  • the fire suppressant gas may push against a piston in the first chamber to move the piston, causing a coolant material within the first chamber to flow from the first chamber into the second chamber.
  • the coolant material may mix with the fire suppressant gas in the second chamber to cool the fire suppressant gas.
  • the cooling of the fire suppressant gas may occur as described above with reference to any of FIGS. 4A through 8.
  • the present disclosure also includes methods for suppressing a fire. Such methods may include generating a fire suppressant gas with a gas generant material, as described above, and cooling the fire suppressant gas.
  • the fire suppressant gas may be cooled by flowing the fire suppressant gas through a cooling system.
  • the fire suppressant gas may force a coolant material to flow from a first chamber into a second chamber to mix with and cool the fire suppressant gas.
  • the fire suppressant gas may force a piston to move within the first chamber to pressurize the coolant material and flow it through a nozzle or an opening into the second chamber. After the coolant material and the fire suppression gas mix, the resulting mixture may be discharged from the second chamber. The mixture may be directed towards a fire and/or discharged in a space in which a fire exists to suppress the fire.
  • the fire suppressant gas may be generated as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 through 3.
  • the fire suppressant gas may be cooled as described above with reference to any of FIGS. 4A through 8.

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  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des appareils d'extinction d'incendie comprenant un logement renfermant un matériau générateur de gaz disposé à l'intérieur de celui-ci, un initiateur destiné à allumer la matière de génération de gaz, et un système de refroidissement. Le système de refroidissement comprend une première chambre ayant une matière de refroidissement disposé à l'intérieur de celle-ci et une seconde chambre. La matière de refroidissement est amenée à s'écouler de la première chambre à la seconde chambre pour refroidir le gaz formé par l'allumage de la matière de génération de gaz à la sortie du logement sous pression. Le système de refroidissement peut en outre comprendre un piston disposé à l'intérieur de la première chambre et mobile en réaction à la pression du gaz. L'invention concerne aussi des procédés de refroidissement d'un gaz extincteur et des procédés d'extinction d'incendie comprenant l'écoulement d'un gaz extincteur dans des première et seconde chambres d'un système de refroidissement, l'écoulement d'une matière de refroidissement de la première chambre à la seconde chambre, et la mise en contact du gaz extincteur avec la matière de refroidissement pour refroidir le gaz extincteur.
PCT/US2011/055091 2011-10-06 2011-10-06 Systèmes d'extinction d'incendie à gaz généré et renforcé par des liquides et procédés associés WO2013052055A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2014534523A JP6216319B2 (ja) 2011-10-06 2011-10-06 液体増強式、ガス発生式消火システムおよび関連の方法
AU2011378460A AU2011378460B2 (en) 2011-10-06 2011-10-06 Liquid-augmented, generated-gas fire suppression systems and related methods
PCT/US2011/055091 WO2013052055A1 (fr) 2011-10-06 2011-10-06 Systèmes d'extinction d'incendie à gaz généré et renforcé par des liquides et procédés associés
CN201180073596.2A CN103826704B (zh) 2011-10-06 2011-10-06 液体强化的发生气体式灭火系统及相关方法
EP11770980.8A EP2763751A1 (fr) 2011-10-06 2011-10-06 Systèmes d'extinction d'incendie à gaz généré et renforcé par des liquides et procédés associés
CA2849009A CA2849009C (fr) 2011-10-06 2011-10-06 Systemes d'extinction d'incendie a gaz genere et renforce par des liquides et procedes associes
AU2016216605A AU2016216605B2 (en) 2011-10-06 2016-08-17 Liquid-augmented, generated-gas fire suppression systems and related methods

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2011/055091 WO2013052055A1 (fr) 2011-10-06 2011-10-06 Systèmes d'extinction d'incendie à gaz généré et renforcé par des liquides et procédés associés

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WO2013052055A1 true WO2013052055A1 (fr) 2013-04-11

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EP (1) EP2763751A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6216319B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN103826704B (fr)
AU (2) AU2011378460B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2849009C (fr)
WO (1) WO2013052055A1 (fr)

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CN111617410B (zh) * 2020-05-29 2024-08-02 湖北及安盾消防科技有限公司 灭火装置

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103826704A (zh) 2014-05-28
AU2011378460A1 (en) 2014-04-03
EP2763751A1 (fr) 2014-08-13
CA2849009C (fr) 2018-05-22
CA2849009A1 (fr) 2013-04-11
CN103826704B (zh) 2016-10-12
AU2011378460B2 (en) 2016-06-02
AU2016216605A1 (en) 2016-09-01
JP6216319B2 (ja) 2017-10-18
AU2016216605B2 (en) 2018-10-25
JP2014528322A (ja) 2014-10-27

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