WO2013049973A1

WO2013049973A1 - Rope descent apparatus

Info

Publication number: WO2013049973A1
Application number: PCT/CN2012/000543
Authority: WO
Inventors: 乔超
Original assignee: Qiao Chao
Priority date: 2011-04-24
Filing date: 2012-04-23
Publication date: 2013-04-11

Abstract

A rope descent apparatus, relating primarily to the field of rope descent, and to the fields of speed governor and speed-governing pulley. The rope descent apparatus is constituted by a fixed support, a safety rope, a safety belt, a safety belt connecting rope, and a descender. The fixed support provides the safety rope with a support point. The safety belt and the safety belt connecting rope are connected to the descender and to a person; the descender is provided with a rope groove (306) that allows for jamming of the safety rope, for sliding downwards along the safety rope, or for use via a fixed pulley scheme. The descender is constituted by a base (301), a T-shaped hanging rod base (2), a T-shaped rod (3), an optional restraining plate (5), and a speed governor or a manual control handle, and has a symmetrical design to prevent the problem of inverted installation. The descender is divided into two types, single-rope and dual-rope, on the basis of the number of rope grooves, and then into three types, manual, automatic, manual-automatic, on the basis of speed control schemes. An automatic descender is provided with a speed governor, automatically controls the speed of descent, and used as speed-governing fixed/movable pulley. The rope descent apparatus is structurally simple, easy to operate, safe and reliable, and applicable for use in high rise emergency escape. Also provided is a universal speed governor that works on the basis of centrifugal force and friction self-locking principles.

Description

A rope drop device

The technical field to which the present invention pertains is in the field of rope drop, particularly in the field of rope drop in high places, and in the field of speed limiters and speed limit pulleys.

Background technique

In recent years, there have been more and more high-rise buildings, and the higher the coverage. After a safety incident such as a fire, traditional escape routes such as stairs are easily destroyed. Moreover, fire fighting equipment such as ladders and water guns in many places cannot reach the rescue height. Existing downslopes for outdoor sports require manual control of the rate of descent, and generally do not have a good error-proof design, which can have serious consequences once installed. It is not suitable for emergency equipment in emergency situations without ordinary training. It is especially suitable for the elderly, the sick, the disabled and the children.

In addition, some patented technologies, such as the technology with the patent number 98212870.3, use a constant speed hoist to tie the safety rope to the person. When the first person is placed on the ground, the safety rope needs to be retracted before the second person can be put down. On the one hand, the efficiency is low. On the other hand, in the process of retracting the safety rope, the safety rope may hang on the lower protective fence and the like, which affects normal use.

Summary of the invention

(1) Technical problems to be solved

The present invention addresses the following problems:

1. Fixed support problems for smashing safety ropes;

2. How to control the falling speed:

3. Design of mechanical speed limiter.

In order to effectively solve the above problems, the present invention provides a rope drop device and a design method of a mechanical speed limiter.

(ii) Technical solutions

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem thereof is:

A rope drop device is composed of a fixed support, a safety rope, a safety belt, a belt connection cord and a lowering device. It is characterized in that: one end of the safety rope is hung on the fixed support and the other end is suspended to the ground. The fixed support may be a loop, bracket, beam, or other item that provides pre-installation inside and outside the window to provide a fixed support. The safety belt is attached to the person or to the item to be lowered. The two ends of the belt connection cord have self-locking hooks, one end is hung on the safety belt, and the other end is hung on the pull ring of the free end of the T-shaped hanging rod of the lowering device. The safety rope is caught in the rope groove of the lowering device. The T-shaped hanging rod of the lowering device and the entire lowering device are rotated by the pulling force of the belt connection cord, and the T-shaped hanging rod directly presses the safety rope or presses the safety rope through the pressure limiting plate, and the frictional force when sliding provides a partial lowering resistance. At this time, the total falling resistance is less than the lowering weight, and the descender and the attached person or item are accelerated to decrease. For the reducer of the speed limiter, when the descending speed reaches the design speed, the falling resistance provided by the speed limiter increases, so that the total falling resistance is greater than the lowering weight, and the lowering device decelerates and falls; as the speed decreases, the speed limiter provides The falling resistance is reduced. When the speed is lower than the design speed, the total falling resistance is less than the lowering weight, and the lowering device starts to accelerate again. This keeps the speed within the design range. For the lowering device without the speed limiter, manually rotate the lowering device, so that the working arm of the T-shaped hanging rod increases, and the IE pressure of the pressing safety rope increases, the lowering resistance provided by the lowering device is greater than the lowering weight, and the lowering device slows down. After releasing the hand, the lowering device automatically rotates and accelerates to slide down again. In addition, pulling the base of the lowering device and the T-shaped hanging rod seat simultaneously can speed up the sliding speed; by automatically or manually controlling the falling speed of the descending device, the person/item is descending with the device Safely slide down the ground along the safety rope.

The lowering device has a base and a T-shaped hanging rod seat with a rope groove for mounting a safety rope therebetween. There are three ways to match the base and the T-shaped hanging rod base: One is that the two are two separate parts, which are hinged on one side of the rope groove with a pin that is anchored at both ends, and have a flap shape on the other side. The pin or spring lock of the mechanism is connected to form a loose-leaf locking structure. The second is to make the two as a whole, with a rope opening slot on one side, and a buckle or guide string or guide rope for preventing the safety rope from sliding out of the rope groove at both ends of the rope opening slot. Description

The wheel forms an open groove structure; the loose-leaf locking structure and the open groove structure are both for facilitating the loading of the safety rope into the rope groove; using the open groove structure 吋, the θ-shaped hanging rod or the pressure-proof pressure plate and the safety rope which are in contact with the safety rope The contact surface is a groove structure, and the direction of the groove is consistent with the groove of the base, and the safety rope can be held tightly to prevent it from slipping off the opening groove of the rope. The third is to make the two as a whole. There is no rope opening slot, the safety rope passes through the rope groove, and the rope pulley can be installed at both ends of the rope groove.

The descender can be divided into a single rope manual lowering device, a single rope automatic lowering device, a double rope manual lowering device, a double rope manual-automatic according to the number of the θ-shaped hanging rod seat (also referred to as the number of rope grooves) and the speed limit control mode. Double action descender, double rope automatic lowering device. The double rope manual lowering device is further divided into a pair of double rope manual lowering device and a double rope manual lowering device according to the installation position of the τ-shaped hanging rod seat. The two rope grooves of the double rope manual lowering device are sandwiched between the two τ-shaped hanging rod seats: two T-shaped hanging rod seats of the double rope manual lowering device are arranged side by side, and the two rope grooves are hung in two τ-shaped shapes. The same side of the pole seat is equivalent to two single rope manual descenders installed side by side. For the double rope manual lowering device and the double rope manual-automatic double acting lowering device, it is required to have one long and one short strap connecting rope, the short main connecting rope and the long connecting rope: when working normally, the main The half-side system of the main connecting rope connection works; when the half-system of the main connecting rope connection fails to work, the half-side system connected from the connecting rope works immediately to ensure a safe decline. It is equipped with a double rope manual lowering device and a double rope automatic lowering device. It requires two equal length belt connecting ropes, regardless of the master and slave, and the two halves of the system work at the same time.

To prevent the dropper from overheating, a heat sink design can be added to the outer surface of the base, such as a heat sink, or a roughened surface. The invention provides a universal speed limiter, which is composed of a turntable or a rotating arm [201], a centrifugal speed limiting member [202], a speed limiting shell [203], and a speed guarantee spring [204]. It mainly works on the principle of centrifugal force and friction self-locking. Its working principle is shown in Figure 1. The speed limit shell [203] is attached to an object that provides a speed limit torque. The shaft [205] of the centrifugal speed limit member [202] is attached to the turntable or swivel arm [201]. The working speed limit direction of the centrifugal speed limit member [202] is the same as the free end direction, that is, when the turning of the turntable or the rotating arm [201] is aligned with the free end of the centrifugal speed limiting member [202], the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] Provides working resistance, and the working resistance provided in the reverse rotation is negligible.

When the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] is in operation, it is in contact with or in line contact with the inner wall surface of the speed limiting shell [203] to form a friction pair. At the center of the rotating shaft [205] of the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] on a plane passing through the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] and the speed limiting shell [203] in contact with the center point A and perpendicular to the rotating shaft of the rotating or rotating arm [201] B. The tangent function value of the angle α formed by the center point 0 of the contact center point A, the turntable or the rotating arm [201] is located in the specified micro neighborhood of the friction coefficient at the design speed of the friction pair, that is, tha e [μ— ΘΙ, μ + θι·], where Θ1≥0, 6r≥0. In other words, ideally, when the centrifugal speed limit member [202] slides at the design speed in the speed limiting shell [203], the resultant force of the contact surface/line positive pressure and friction force passes through the shaft [205] center point B. The positive pressure produces a torque on the centrifugal speed limit member [202] equal to the friction force on the centrifugal speed limit member [202]. In order to ensure that no friction deadlock is generated, the tangent value th a of the angle α after assembly is not less than the friction coefficient μ at the minimum speed V. The ideal position of the center of gravity of the centrifugal speed limit member [202] on the AB0 plane is at Β0. Line 0C. The speed assurance spring [204] is hung on the spring hanger [206] of the centrifugal speed limit member [202], and the other end is hung on the spring hanging hole of the turntable or the rotating arm [201], or is hung on the opposite side. Another spring-loaded member [202] is mounted on the spring-loaded seat [206]. Initially, the centrifugal speed limit member [202] is rotated away from the speed limit shell [203] under the force of the speed assurance spring [204]. After the turntable or rotating arm [201] starts to rotate in the direction in which the free end of the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] is pointed, the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] is directed to the speed limiting shell under the centrifugal moment of the relative rotating shaft [205] generated by the centrifugal force. [203] Rotate. When the rotational speed exceeds the initial working speed of the centrifugal speed limit member [202], the centrifugal torque overcomes the tensile moment of the speed guarantee spring [204], and the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] is in contact with the speed limiting shell [203]. As the speed increases, the tension torque of the speed guarantee spring [204] changes negligibly, and the centrifugal force torque increases continuously. Since the friction torque is the same as the centrifugal torque moment, the centrifugal speed limit member [202] and the speed limit shell [203] The contact pressure of the contact surface increases rapidly; when the resistance torque of the contact pressure and friction force to the turntable or the rotating arm [201] is greater than the dynamic torque of the turntable or the rotating arm [201], the turntable or the rotating arm [201] is decelerated and rotated, centrifugal force The reduction, contact pressure and friction and their resistance to the turntable or swivel arm [201] are also reduced. When the contact pressure and the frictional force against the turntable or the rotating arm [201] are less than the dynamic torque of the turntable or the rotating arm [201], the turntable or the rotating arm [201] starts to accelerate again. This speed will be stabilized within the design range [V _mi „, V ]; for the friction coefficient with increasing speed, the friction pair of the section, take the speed range Description

Encircling in the monotonically increasing section; then, during the rotation, if the friction coefficient μ increases with the increase of the speed, and exceeds the tangent value th a of the angle α, friction self-locking occurs; After the friction is self-locking, the speed is reduced, and the friction coefficient μ is also decreased. The value is less than or equal to the tangent value th α of the angle α and then unlocked.

The second method for designing the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] and the speed limiting shell [203] contact surface according to the principle that the friction coefficient increases with speed increases is:

The axis of the governing governing member [202] is traversed on a plane passing through any one of the contact points A1 on the contact surface of the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] and the speed limiting shell [203] and perpendicular to the rotating shaft of the rotating or rotating arm [201] [ 205] The center point Β, the contact point Al, the turntable or the center point 0 of the rotating arm [201] constitutes an angle α 1, then the tangent of α 1 is th α 1 G [ μ _mi „, μ _m丄 where μ ^ and μ « are the friction coefficients for the maximum velocity V ^ and the minimum velocity V ^, respectively.

Two counter-clock speed limit centrifugal speed limit members [202] can be installed on one side of the turntable or rotating arm [201], and two clockwise speed limit centrifugal speed limit members [202] on the other side, forming a bidirectional limit. Speeder: Or four centrifugal speed limit members [202] with the same speed limit direction on both sides to form a one-way speed limiter. If the rotary or rotating arm [201] is a single-arm rotating arm, two centrifugal speed limiting members [202] with opposite speed limiting directions may be installed on the same non-rotating end of the rotating arm to form a two-way speed governor, or a turntable or a rotating arm. [201] For symmetric arms, a centrifugal speed limiter [202] with the same speed limit direction can be installed at both ends to form a one-way speed limiter. The present invention provides six preferred descenders:

1. Preferably, the single rope automatic descender consists of a base [301], a Τ-shaped hanging rod seat [2], a Τ-shaped hanging rod [3], 0 or 1 limiting pressure plate [ 5], 1 speed limiter, 1 speed limiter cover [7], 2 anti-off nuts or anti-off-pin [314], 1 rotating shaft [9] and 1 outer locknut [8] .

The base [301] is fastened with the 挂-shaped hanging rod base [2] with a rope groove for the safety rope [306]. Base [301] - The side and the shackle rod holder [2] are articulated with pin pins [316] anchored at both ends, in a flap shape, and the other side and the shackle rod holder [2] are provided with a retaining mechanism. The pin or spring lock [315] is connected; or the base [301] and the cymbal hanger [2] are made in one piece, one side has a rope opening slot [318], and the rope opening slot [318] is provided at both ends. It is equipped with a buckle [317] that prevents the safety rope from sliding out of the rope groove [306]; or the base [301] and the 挂-shaped hanging rod seat [2] are made in one piece, and no rope opening groove is provided.

The 挂-shaped hanging rod seat [2] also has an ear [4] for mounting the 挂-shaped hanging rod [3] shaft [6], and a limit movement for restricting the movement of the limiting pressure plate [5] perpendicular to the rope groove [306] groove. When the limit pressure plate is not used, the limit groove is not provided. The 挂-shaped hanging rod seat [2] has a pressure rope window [309] at the movement groove, and the pressure-limiting pressure plate [5] can be cut into the rope groove [306] through the pressure rope window [309], and the safety rope is pressed.

The pressure surface of the 挂-shaped hanging rod [3] and the stopper pressure plate [5] is a cylindrical surface. The free end of the 挂-shaped hanging rod [3] has a pull ring for attaching the belt connection cord. The shaft [6] of the 挂-shaped hanging rod [3] is mounted on the ear [4] of the 挂-shaped hanging rod holder [2].

The pressure-limiting plate [5] has a non-slip pattern on the contact surface that contacts the safety rope to increase the friction.

There is a transmission window [303] between the inner space of the speed limiter and the rope groove [306] on the base [301] for installing the speed limiter. After assembly, the speed limiter drive wheel [313] is cut into the rope groove [306] through the drive window [303]. The safety rope is clamped between the drive wheel [313] and the limit pressure plate [5], and forms a belt drive with the drive wheel [313].

The speed limiter cover [7] is placed over the inner cavity of the speed limiter. The shaft [9] has a fixed anti-drop cap on one end and a threaded lock nut on the other end, and a thread or pin groove in the middle of the anti-off nut or anti-off pin [314]. The speed limiter is placed on the shaft [9] and can be rotated around the shaft [9]. The shaft [9] passes through the shaft hole at the bottom of the base [301] and the shaft hole on the speed limiter cover; the outer locknut [8] is screwed on the shaft [9] to prevent the speed limiter cover [7] ] shedding. Anti-off nut or anti-off-pin [314] mounted on the shaft

[9], to prevent the outer locknut [8] from falling off and the speed limiter to fall off.

The single rope automatic lowering device can be selected with a gear speed limiter or a gearless speed limiter.

2. Preferably, the double-rope manual-automatic double-action descender consists of a base [401], two dome-shaped hangers [402] [403], two dome-shaped hangers [404] [405], 0 or 1 limit pressure plate [406], 1 speed limiter, 1 speed limiter cover, anti-off nut or anti-off-pin, rotating shaft and outer lock nut. That is, it is composed of a single rope manual lowering device and a single rope automatic lowering device. Instruction manual

A rope groove for mounting a safety rope is provided between the base [401] and the T-shaped hanger seat [402] [403]. Two T-shaped hangers [402] [403] are relatively installed. The base [401] has a governor chamber in which a speed limiter is mounted. The speed limiter inner chamber is opposite to the limit pressure plate [406] with a transmission window [407], and the speed limiter drive wheel is cut into the rope groove through the transmission window [407]. Between the T-shaped hanging rod [405] and the rope groove, a limited dynamic pressure plate [406] and a corresponding limiting groove are installed. There is no limit pressure plate and corresponding stop groove between the T-shaped hanger [404] and the rope groove. The T-shaped hanging rod holder [402] [403] has a pressure rope window, and the pressure limiting pressure plate [406] and the T-shaped hanging rod [404] can be cut into the corresponding rope groove through the corresponding pressure rope window to press the safety rope. The speed governor's drive wheel and the limit pressure plate [406] sandwich the safety line to form a belt drive between the safety line and the drive wheel of the governor.

The base [401] has no drive window on the side near the T-shaped hanger mount [402]. The shape of the T-shaped hanger [404] and the T-shaped hanger [405] are significantly different, or marked with different markings for identification.

The double-rope manual-automatic double-action lowering device can be used with a non-drive speed limiter or a drive speed limiter, and can be loaded with a loose-leaf locking structure or an open groove structure.

3. Preferably, the single rope manual lowering device is composed of a base [601], a T-shaped hanging rod base [602] and a T-shaped hanging rod [603]; the base [601] and the T-shaped hanging There is a manual handle [604] at the opposite position of the ear [605] of the stem [602]. The shaft of the T-shaped hanger [603] is mounted on the ear [605]. The T-shaped hanging rod seat [602] has a pressure rope window, and the T-shaped hanging rod [603] can be cut into the rope groove through the pressure rope window to press the safety rope. A loose-leaf locking structure or a tongue-and-groove structure can be used.

4. Preferably, the pair of double rope manual descenders is composed of one base [501], two T-shaped hangers [502], and two T-shaped hangers [503]; that is, two single rope manuals The descenders are relatively combined to form. The two T-shaped hangers [502] are arranged opposite each other and cooperate with the base [501] to form two rope grooves for mounting the safety rope. The loose-leaf locking structure and the double-opening groove structure can be adopted (that is, the manual descenders on both sides have separate independent rope opening slots, the rope opening slots can be on the same side or the opposite side) or the single-mouth groove structure.

5. Preferably, the double rope manual lowering device is formed by two single rope manual descenders. Two T-shaped hangers are arranged side by side. A single rope opening slot, a double rope opening slot or a loose-leaf locking structure is used as the safety rope loading mechanism.

6. Preferably, the double rope automatic descender is formed by the bottoms of the bases of the two single rope automatic descenders. The base has two independent governor chambers with a partition between them and a shaft hole in the center of the partition. The two speed limiter chambers are respectively used to install the corresponding speed limiter. Two T-shaped hangers are arranged side by side. The two speed limiters share a single shaft. There are no anti-off caps at both ends of the shaft, and there are threads for the outer locknuts on both ends. There are 4 threads or pin slots for the anti-off nuts or anti-off pins in the middle; or anti-off caps fixed on the shaft Replace one of the anti-off nuts or the anti-out-of-stock in the middle. The anti-offset or anti-off-pin or anti-off cap on both sides of the baffle can ensure that the shaft does not fall off after the speed limiter cover is detached. Or the transmission wheel of the two speed limiters is mounted on a transmission sleeve, and the transmission sleeve passes through the shaft hole in the center of the partition plate, so that the transmission wheels of the two speed limiters rotate synchronously. At this time, one anti-off nut or anti-off-pin is installed in the middle of the transmission sleeve, and one anti-off cap is fixed, which are respectively located on both sides of the partition. In addition, one anti-off nut or anti-off-pin is installed on both ends of the transmission sleeve to prevent the outer limiter from falling off after the outer lock nut and the speed limiter cover are detached. The present invention provides two preferred speed limiters for use with the dropper -

1. Preferably, the non-drive speed limiter consists of a transmission wheel [313], a detachment prevention nut or a detachment prevention pin [314], four centrifugal speed limiting members [202] and a connecting member thereof and a speed assurance spring [204]. The anti-off nut or anti-off-pin [314] is mounted on the shaft [9] to prevent the outer lock nut and the speed limit cover from accidentally falling off and the drive wheel [313] to fall off. The drive wheel [313] has a non-slip pattern on the contact surface of the safety rope to increase friction.

Four centrifugal speed limit members [202] are installed in two groups on both sides of the transmission wheel [313]. On the plane of the center line of the shaft of the vertical transmission wheel [313], the line connecting the centers of the two shafts [307] on the same side passes through the center line of the shaft of the transmission wheel [313], and the speed limit direction is the same. The centrifugal speed limit members [202] on both sides are the two-way speed limiter when the speed limit direction is opposite, and the same is the one-way speed limiter. The centrifugal speed limiting member [202] and the chamber wall of the pedestal governor lumen form a friction pair. Each centrifugal speed limit member [202] has a corresponding speed guarantee spring [204], and the speed guarantee spring [204] is end-mounted on the spring mount [206] of the centrifugal speed limit member [202], Description

One end is hung on the spring hanging hole [305] on the drive wheel [313].

2. Preferably, the transmission speed limiter has a transmission wheel [901], a transmission shaft [902], a speed limiting rotating arm [903], and two centrifugal speed limiting members [202] and their connecting members and speed guarantee springs [204] ] constitutes. The speed-limiting swivel arm [903] and the drive wheel [901] are driven by the drive shaft [902] and rotate coaxially. The drive wheel [901] has a radius smaller than 2/3 of the inner diameter of the speed limit box: The drive wheel [901] has an anti-slip pattern on the contact surface of the safety rope to increase friction.

When the speed-limiting rotating arm [903] is a single arm, two centrifugal speed limiting members [202] are symmetrically mounted on both sides thereof, and the speed limiting directions are opposite to each other, forming a two-way speed governor; the two centrifugal speed limiting members [202] share one speed. The spring [204], that is, the spring support [206] of the two ends of the speed guarantee spring [204] is hung at the free ends of the two centrifugal speed limiting members [202].

When the speed-limiting swivel arm [903] is a pair of arms that are symmetric along the center line of the rotating shaft, two centrifugal speed limiting members [202] are respectively installed at both ends thereof, and the speed limiting directions are the same, forming a one-way speed limit. Each centrifugal speed limit member [202] has a corresponding speed assurance spring [204], the speed assurance spring [204] is end-mounted on the centrifugal speed limiting member [202], and the other end is hung on the speed limiting rotating arm [903]. The spring is hung on the hole. Preferably, the present invention provides a composite bracket as a fixed support - the composite bracket consists of a straight beam [801], two rods [802], 1 to 2 diagonal rods [803] and a plurality of fixed screws [ 804] constitutes.

Straight beams [801] are square or circular sections of pipe fittings with a rope tie [805] for securing the safety rope at one end and a rope groove [806] for guiding the safety rope at the other end.

The lever [802] consists of a sleeve [810], a straight tube [81 1] and a baffle [812]. The sleeve [810] is attached to one end of the straight tube [811] and has the same cross-section and is perpendicular to each other. The sleeve [810] can be placed over the straight beam [801] and can slide along the straight beam [801]. Straight beams [801] can be inserted into straight tubes [811]. The baffle [812] is fixed on the straight tube [811], the side near the sleeve [810] is perpendicular to the straight tube [811], and the baffle [812] can be located only on the side of the straight tube [811], or along Straight tube [811] is symmetrically arranged. Straight pipe [811] and casing [810] have screw holes [807] for mounting screws for fixing the rods [802] and straight beams [801].

The slanting rod [803] is composed of a sleeve and a strut. The sleeve is fixed at one end of the strut and has the same cross section. The sleeve can be placed over the straight beam [801] and the straight beam [801] can be inserted into the struts. The struts and sleeves have screw holes [807] on which the fixing screws are mounted for fixing the slant and straight beams [801]. The open end plane of the strut is not perpendicular to the strut axis. When the casing is square in cross section, there is an angle between the casing and the strut, and the plane of the open end is parallel to the contact plane of the casing and the strut. The invention also provides a second usage scheme:

Preferably, the rope drop device can consist of only a fixed support, a safety rope and a lowering device. The descender is a single rope or double rope automatic lowering device. Both ends of the safety rope have a self-locking hook for preventing the release and a hanging ring embedded in the safety rope. The self-locking hook can be hung in the hanging loop to form a simple belt-type seat belt; or the two safety ropes are connected. It forms a large rope loop, and only one simple seat belt is kept at one end, so that when the person slides down, the speed can be controlled by the rising safety rope on the other side. The safety cord is installed in the rope groove of the lowering device. The size of the self-locking hook is larger than the inner diameter of the lowering rope groove so that the safety rope cannot be pulled out of the rope groove of the lowering device. The pull ring of the T-shaped hanger of the lowering device is hung on the fixed support; thus forming a speed-limiting pulley. Secure the person or item with a simple belt strap at one end of the safety cord, or put on the seat belt and hang the self-locking hook of the safety cord on the seat belt. The descender automatically controls the descending speed of the safety rope to safely lower the person or item.

The automatic descender provided by the invention can be used as both a speed limiter and a speed limiter.

(3) Beneficial effects

The invention has the advantages of simple structure, practicality, high safety and simple operation, and a plurality of descenders are provided for selection, wherein the automatic descender of the speed limiter is not safely controlled during the descending process, and is more safe and reliable. The automatic lowering device can be used both as a speed limit pulley and as a speed limit pulley. In addition, the symmetry design is the most likely to be used, and there is no inverse problem. Moreover, the present invention also provides a simple, reliable mechanical speed limiter. The invention can well solve the problem of high-level escape and mechanical speed limit. Description of the specification

Figure 1 shows the working principle of the universal speed limiter.

Figure 2 is a top view of a single rope automatic lowering device using a non-drive speed limiter.

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the base and the T-shaped hanger.

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of A-A.

Figure 5 shows the assembly of the single-rope auto-dropper with a non-drive speed limiter (the speed limit cover and the speed-assist spring are not shown).

Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the assembly of a single rope automatic descender using an open slot structure with a snap.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a single rope automatic descender base and a limit pressure plate using a tongue and groove structure of a parallel guide string.

Figure 8 is a schematic view of a single-rope auto-dropper base using an open slot structure of a vertical guide string.

Figure 9 is a top view of a single rope automatic lowering device with a geared speed limiter.

Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the C-C.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the double-rope manual-automatic double-action lowering base and the T-shaped hanging rod base.

Figure 12 is a side view of the two-wire manual-automatic double-action lowerer base and T-shaped hanger.

Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of B-B.

Figure 14 is a schematic view of the assembly of the single rope manual lowering device.

Figure 15 is a schematic view of the assembly of the double rope manual lowering device.

Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the double-rope manual descender with a double-opening groove structure.

Figure 17 is a schematic view showing the assembly of a double-rope manual lowering device with a single-mouth groove structure.

Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the double rope automatic descender with a single-mouth groove structure (with a geared speed limiter).

Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the double-rope automatic descender of the loose-leaf locking structure (with a non-drive speed limiter).

Figure 20 is a schematic view of the assembly of the non-drive speed limiter.

Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of a transmission wheel without a gear speed limiter.

Figure 22 is a schematic view of the assembly of the drive speed limiter.

Figure 23 is a schematic view of the combined stent.

Figure 24 is a schematic view of the assembly of the composite bracket transverse card.

Figure 25 is a schematic view of the assembled side card assembly.

detailed description

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

(Embodiment 1)

The embodiment provides a universal speed limiter, which is composed of a turntable or a rotating arm [201], a centrifugal speed limiting member [202], a speed limiting shell [203], and a speed guarantee spring [204]. It mainly works on the principle of centrifugal force and friction self-locking. Its working principle is shown in Figure 1. The speed limit shell [203] is attached to an object that provides a speed limit torque. The shaft [205] of the centrifugal speed limit member [202] is attached to the turntable or swivel arm [201]. The working speed limit direction of the centrifugal speed limit member [202] is the same as the free end direction, that is, when the turning of the turntable or the rotating arm [201] is aligned with the free end of the centrifugal speed limiting member [202], the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] Provides working resistance, and the working resistance provided in the reverse rotation is negligible.

When the centrifugal speed limit member [202] is in operation, it is in contact with or in line contact with the inner wall surface of the speed limiting shell [203]. At the center of the rotating shaft [205] of the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] on a plane contacting the center point A by the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] and the speed limiting shell [203] and perpendicular to the rotating shaft of the rotating or rotating arm [201] B. The tangent function value of the angle α formed by the center point 0 of the contact center point A, the turntable or the rotating arm [201] is located at the design speed of the centrifugal speed limit member [202] and the speed limit shell [203]. Within the specified tiny neighborhood of μ _d „, α α [μ— Θ1, μ + θι·], where 91 ≥ 0, 8!> ≥ 0. In other words, ideally, the centrifugal speed limit member [202] When the speed limit shell [203] slides at the design speed, the combined force of the positive pressure and the friction force on the contact surface/line passes through the center point of the rotating shaft [205], and the moment generated by the positive pressure on the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] is equal to the friction. The force of the centrifugal speed limit member [202]. In order to ensure sufficient working resistance during operation, no friction deadlock is generated, and the angle α after assembly Description

The tangent value th α is not less than the friction coefficient μ„ _in when the minimum speed V _ml „.

The ideal position of the center of gravity of the centrifugal speed limit member [202] on the AB0 plane is on the perpendicular 0C of B0. The speed assurance spring [204] is hung on the spring mount [206] of the centrifugal speed limit member [202], and the other end is hung on the spring hanging hole of the turntable or the rotating arm [201], or is hung on the opposite side. Another spring-loaded member [202] is mounted on the spring-loaded seat [206]. Initially, the centrifugal speed limit member [202] rotates away from the speed limit shell [203] under the force of the speed assurance spring [204]. After the turntable or rotating arm [201] starts to rotate in the direction in which the free end of the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] is pointed, the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] is directed to the speed limiting shell under the centrifugal moment of the relative rotating shaft [205] generated by the centrifugal force. [203] Rotate. When the rotational speed exceeds the initial working speed of the centrifugal speed limit member [202], the centrifugal torque overcomes the tensile moment of the speed assurance spring [204], and the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] is in contact with the speed limiting shell [203]. As the speed increases, the tension torque of the speed guarantee spring [204] changes negligibly, and the centrifugal force torque increases continuously. Since the friction torque is the same as the centrifugal torque moment, the centrifugal speed limit member [202] and the speed limit shell [203] The contact pressure of the contact surface increases rapidly; when the resistance torque of the contact pressure and the friction force to the turntable or the rotating arm [201] is greater than the dynamic torque of the turntable or the rotating arm [201], the turntable or the rotating arm [201] rotates, the centrifugal force The reduction, contact pressure and friction and its resistance to the turntable or swivel arm [201] are also reduced. When the contact pressure and friction force against the turntable or rotating arm [201] is less than the dynamic torque of the turntable or rotating arm [201], the turntable or rotating arm [201] starts to accelerate again. This speed will be stabilized in the design range [VV„J; for the friction coefficient with the increase of the friction coefficient of the section, the speed range is taken in its monotonically increasing section; then, during the rotation, if the speed The increase of the friction coefficient μ also increases, and exceeds the tangent value th e of the angle α:, friction self-locking occurs; after the friction self-locking, the speed decreases, and the friction coefficient μ also decreases, less than the clip The tangent value of the angle α is th α and then unlocked.

The axis of the governing governing member [202] is traversed on a plane passing through any one of the contact points A1 on the contact surface of the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] and the speed limiting shell [203] and perpendicular to the rotating shaft of the rotating or rotating arm [201] [ 205] The center point Β, the contact point Al, the turntable or the center point 0 of the rotating arm [201] constitutes an angle α 1 , then the tangent of α 1 is th α 1 G [ μ _η1η , μ J , where μ ^ And μ ^ are the friction coefficients of the maximum speed V and the minimum speed V„ _in , respectively.

Two counter-clock speed limit centrifugal speed limit members [202] can be installed on one side of the turntable or rotating arm [201], and two clockwise speed limit centrifugal speed limit members [202] on the other side, forming a bidirectional limit. The speed governor; or four centrifugal speed limit members [202] with the same speed limit direction on both sides, constitute a one-way speed limiter. If the rotary or rotating arm [201] is a single-arm rotating arm, two centrifugal speed limiting members [202] with opposite speed limiting directions may be installed on the same non-rotating end of the rotating arm to form a two-way speed governor, or a turntable or a rotating arm. [201] For symmetric arms, a centrifugal speed limiter [202] with the same speed limit direction can be installed at both ends to form a one-way speed limiter.

(Embodiment 2)

A rope drop device is composed of a fixed support, a safety rope, a safety belt, a belt connection cord and a lowering device. It is characterized in that one end of the safety rope is hung on the fixed support and the other end is suspended to the ground. The safety belt is attached to the person or the item to be lowered. The two ends of the belt connection cord have self-locking hooks, one end is hung on the safety belt, and the other end is hung on the pull ring of the free end of the T-shaped hanging rod of the lowering device. The safety rope is caught in the rope groove of the lowering device. The T-shaped hanging rod of the lowering device and the entire lowering device are rotated by the pulling force of the belt connection cord, and the T-shaped hanging rod directly presses the safety rope or presses the safety rope through the limiting pressing plate, and the frictional force generated when sliding provides a partial lowering resistance. At this time, the total falling resistance is less than the lowering weight, and the descender and the attached person or article are accelerated to decrease. For the reducer of the speed limiter, when the descending speed reaches the design speed, the falling resistance provided by the speed limiter increases, so that the total falling resistance is greater than the lowering weight, and the lowering device decelerates and falls; as the speed decreases, the speed limiter provides The falling resistance is reduced. When the speed is lower than the design speed, the total falling resistance is less than the lowering weight, and the lowering device starts to accelerate again. This keeps the speed within the design range. For the lowering device without the speed limiter, manually rotate the lowering device, so that the working arm of the T-shaped hanging rod increases, causing the positive pressure of the pressing safety rope to increase, the lowering resistance provided by the lowering device is greater than the lowering weight, and the lowering device is slowed down. After releasing the hand, the lowering device automatically rotates and accelerates to slide down again. In addition, pulling the base of the lowering device and the T-shaped hanging rod seat simultaneously can speed up the sliding speed; by automatically or manually controlling the falling speed of the descending device, the person/item with the descending device Safely slide down the ground along the safety rope. Instruction manual

The lowering device has a base and a T-shaped hanging rod seat with a rope groove for mounting a safety rope therebetween. There are three ways to match the base and the T-shaped hanging rod base: One is that the two are two separate parts, which are hinged on one side of the rope groove with a pin that is anchored at both ends, and have a flap shape on the other side. The pin or spring lock of the mechanism is connected to form a loose-leaf locking structure. The second is to make the two as a whole, with a rope slot on one side, and a buckle or a guide rope or a guide pulley for preventing the safety rope from slipping out of the rope groove at both ends of the rope slot. Open groove structure; the loose-leaf locking structure and the open groove structure are both for facilitating the loading of the safety rope into the rope groove; when using the open groove structure, the contact surface of the t-shaped hanging rod or the pressure-limiting pressure plate and the safety rope which are in contact with the safety rope In the groove structure, the direction of the groove coincides with the rope groove of the base, and the safety rope can be held tightly to prevent it from slipping off the wire groove. The third type is to make the two as a whole. There is no rope opening slot, the safety rope is inserted from one end of the rope groove, and the rope pulley can also be installed at both ends of the rope groove.

The descender can be divided into a single rope manual lowering device, a single rope automatic lowering device, a double rope manual lowering device, a double rope manual-automatic according to the number of T-shaped hanging rod seats (also referred to as the number of rope grooves) and the speed limit control mode. Double action descender, double rope automatic lowering device. The double rope manual lowering device is further divided into a pair of double rope manual lowering device and a double rope manual lowering device according to the installation position of the τ-shaped hanging rod seat. The two rope grooves of the double rope manual lowering device are sandwiched between the two T-shaped hanging rod seats; and the two T-shaped hanging rod seats of the double rope manual lowering device are arranged side by side, and the two rope grooves are hung in two T-shaped hanging frames. The same side of the pole seat is equivalent to two single rope manual descenders installed side by side. For the double rope manual lowering device and the double rope manual-automatic double acting lowering device, it is required to have one long and one short strap connecting rope, the short main connecting rope and the long connecting rope; when working normally, the main The half-side system of the main connecting rope connection works; when the half-system of the main connecting rope connection fails to work, the half-side system connected from the connecting rope works immediately to ensure a safe decline. It is equipped with a double rope manual lowering device and a double rope automatic lowering device. It requires two equal length belt connecting ropes, regardless of the master and slave, and the two halves of the system work at the same time.

To prevent the dropper from overheating, a heat sink design can be added to the outer surface of the base, such as a heat sink, or a roughened surface. The single rope automatic descender consists of one base [301], one T-shaped hanging rod seat [2], one T-shaped hanging rod [3], zero or one limiting pressure plate [5], one The speed limiter, a speed limiter cover [7], two anti-off nuts or anti-off pins [314], one rotating shaft [9] and one outer locknut [8].

The base [301] is fastened with the T-shaped hanger [2] with a rope slot for the safety rope [306]. Base [301] - Side and T-shaped hangers [2] hinged with pinted ends [316] at both ends, in a loose-leaf shape, and on the other side and T-shaped hangers [2] with a retaining mechanism The pin or spring lock [315] is connected; or the base [301] and the T-shaped hanger [2] are made in one piece, one side has a rope slot [318], and the rope opening slot [318] The end is provided with a buckle [317] for preventing the safety rope from sliding out of the rope groove [306]; or the base [301] and the T-shaped hanger seat [2] are integrally formed, and no rope opening groove is provided.

The T-shaped hanging rod base [2] also has an ear [4] for mounting the T-shaped hanging rod [3] shaft [6], and a limiting pressure plate between the two limiting walls [320] [ 5] A stop groove that moves perpendicular to the rope groove [306]. If an open groove structure is used, the limiting wall [320] also serves to increase the bending resistance. The T-shaped hanger seat [2] has a pressure rope window [309] at the limit groove, and the pressure plate [5] can be cut into the rope groove [306] through the pressure rope window [309], and the safety rope is pressed.

The pressure surface of the T-shaped hanging rod [3] and the stopper pressure plate [5] is a cylindrical surface. The free end of the T-shaped hanger [3] has a pull ring for attaching the belt connection cord. The shaft [6] of the T-shaped hanger [3] is mounted on the ear [4] of the T-shaped hanger [2].

The single rope automatic lowering device can be selected with a gear speed limiter or a gearless speed limiter. The single-rope auto-dropper shown in Figures 2 to 5 uses a non-drive speed limiter and is equipped with a loose-leaf locking structure. The single-rope automatic descender shown in Figs. 6 to 10 has a transmission speed limiter and is equipped with an open groove structure. The stop pressure plate [321] in Fig. 7 is saddle-shaped, and the contact surface with the safety rope has a groove [322]. The guide string [319] is located on the opposite side of the loading opening slot from the T-shaped hanging rod, parallel to the opening slot of the loading rope, The height is greater than or equal to the radius of the safety rope and less than or equal to the diameter of the safety rope.

Figure 8 is another guide string structure. The guide string [323] is located on the opposite side of the rope opening slot from the T-shaped hanger, perpendicular to the slot of the loading slot.

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the base and the T-shaped hanger.

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of A-A.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a single rope automatic descender using a non-drive speed limiter.

Figure 6 is a schematic view of the assembly of a single rope automatic descender using an open slot structure with a snap.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a single-rope automatic descender base and a limit pressure plate using an open groove structure of a parallel guide string.

Figure 9 shows a top view of a single rope automatic lowering device with a geared speed limiter.

Say

Figure 10 C-C sectional view.

Double rope manual-automatic double action descender consists of 1 base [401], 2 T-shaped hangers [402] [403], 2 T-shaped hangers [404] [405], 1 limit pressure Plate [406], 1 speed limiter, 1 speed limiter cover, anti-off nut or anti-off-pin, rotating shaft and outer lock nut. That is, it is composed of a single rope manual descending book and a single rope automatic descender.

A rope groove for mounting a safety rope is provided between the base [401] and the T-shaped hanger seat [402] [403]. Two T-shaped hangers [402] [403] are relatively installed. The base [401] has a governor chamber in which the speed limiter is mounted. The speed limiter inner chamber is opposite to the limit pressure plate [406] with a transmission window [407], and the speed limiter drive wheel is cut into the rope groove through the transmission window [407]. Between the T-shaped hanging rod [405] and the rope groove, a limited dynamic pressure plate [406] and a corresponding limiting groove are installed. There is no limit pressure plate and corresponding stop groove between the T-shaped hanger [404] and the rope groove. The T-shaped hanging rod holder [402] [403] has a pressure rope window, and the pressure limiting pressure plate [406] and the T-shaped hanging rod [404] can be cut into the corresponding rope groove through the corresponding pressure rope window to press the safety rope. The speed governor's drive wheel and the limit pressure plate [406] sandwich the safety line to form a belt drive between the safety line and the drive wheel of the governor.

Double-rope manual The automatic double-action lower-lower can adopt the non-drive speed limiter or the drive speed limiter, and can be installed with a loose-leaf locking structure or an open groove structure. The two-rope manual-automatic double-action lowering device shown in Figures 11 to 13 uses a non-drive speed limiter and a loose-leaf locking structure.

Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the double-rope manual-automatic double-action lowerer base and T-shaped hanger.

Figure 12 Side view of the twin-rope manual-automatic double-action lowering base and T-shaped hanger.

Figure 13 B-B section view.

The single rope manual lowering device is composed of a base [601], a T-shaped hanging rod base [602] and a T-shaped hanging rod [603]; the base [601] and the T-shaped hanging rod base [602] The ear [605] has a manual handle [604] at the opposite position. The shaft of the T-shaped hanger [603] is mounted on the ear [605]. The T-shaped hanging rod seat [602] has a pressure rope window, and the T-shaped hanging rod [603] can be cut into the rope groove through the pressure rope window to press the safety rope. A loose-leaf locking structure or an open groove structure can be used. The single rope manual lowering device shown in Fig. 14 employs a loose-leaf locking structure.

The double rope manual lowering device is composed of one base [501], two T-shaped hanging rod seats [502], and two T-shaped hanging rods [503]; that is, two single rope manual descenders are relatively combined Together. The two T-shaped hangers [502] are arranged opposite each other and cooperate with the base [501] to form two rope grooves for mounting the safety rope. It can adopt loose-leaf locking structure and double-opening groove structure (that is, the manual descenders on both sides have separate rope-loading open slots, the rope-opening slots can be on the same side or on the opposite side) or the single-open slot structure (ie, manually descending on both sides) The device shares a slot, similar to the slotted slot shown in Figure 16. The double-rope manual lowering device shown in Fig. 15 employs a loose-leaf locking structure.

The double rope manual descender is made up of two single rope manual descenders. Two T-shaped hangers are arranged side by side. A single rope gutter, a double rope gutter or a loose-leaf locking structure is used as the safety rope loading mechanism.

Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the assembly of a double-rope manual lowering device with a double-opening groove structure. Instruction manual

Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the assembled two-rope manual descender with a single open slot structure.

The double rope automatic lowering device is formed by the bottoms of the bases of the two single rope automatic descenders. The base has two independent governor chambers with a partition between them and a shaft hole in the center of the partition. The two speed limiter chambers are used to install the corresponding speed limiters. Two T-shaped hangers are arranged side by side. The two speed limiters share a single shaft. There are no anti-off caps at both ends of the shaft, and there are threads for the outer locknuts on both ends of the shaft. There are 4 holes in the middle for mounting the anti-dead or anti-off pin or pin groove; or the anti-offset is fixed on the shaft. Take off the cap to replace the middle one of the anti-off nuts or the anti-off-pin. The anti-off nuts or anti-off-pins or anti-off caps on both sides of the partition plate ensure that the shaft does not fall off after the speed limiter cover is detached. Or the transmission wheel of the two speed limiters is mounted on a transmission sleeve, and the transmission sleeve passes through the shaft hole in the center of the partition plate, so that the transmission wheels of the two speed limiters rotate synchronously. At this time, one anti-off nut or anti-off-pin is installed in the middle of the transmission sleeve, and one anti-off cap is fixed, and the two are respectively located on both sides of the partition. In addition, one anti-off nut or anti-off-pin is installed on both ends of the transmission sleeve to prevent the outer lock nut and the speed limiter cover from falling off.

Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a double rope automatic descender with a single open slot structure (with a geared speed limiter).

The non-drive speed limiter consists of a drive wheel [313], a detachment prevention nut or a detachment prevention pin [314], four centrifugal speed limit members [202] and its connecting piece and speed assurance spring [204]. The anti-off nut or anti-off-pin [314] is mounted on the shaft [9] to prevent the outer lock nut and the speed limit cover from accidentally falling off and the drive wheel [313] to fall off. The contact surface of the drive wheel [313] and the safety rope is protected against slippage to increase friction.

Four centrifugal speed limit members [202] are mounted on either side of the drive wheel [313]. On the plane of the vertical drive wheel [313], the center of the two shafts [307] on the same side passes through the center line of the shaft of the transmission wheel [313], and the speed limit direction is the same. The centrifugal speed limit members on both sides [202] are the two-way speed limiter when the speed limit direction is opposite, and the same is the one-way speed limiter. The centrifugal speed limiting member [202] and the chamber wall of the pedestal governor lumen form a friction pair. Each centrifugal speed limit member [202] has a corresponding speed assurance spring [204], and the speed assurance spring [204] is end-mounted on the spring mount [206] of the centrifugal speed limit member [202], and the other end is hung on The spring hanging hole [305] on the drive wheel [313].

The rear mid-section (ie A-A section) in the inner chamber of the governor without the drive speed limiter assembly base is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 20 Schematic diagram of assembly without gear speed limiter.

Figure 21 Schematic diagram of the drive wheel without the drive speed limiter.

The transmission speed limiter has a transmission wheel [901], a transmission shaft [902], a speed limiting rotating arm [903] and two centrifugal speed limiting members [202] and its connecting member and speed guarantee spring [204]. The speed-limiting swivel arm [903] and the drive wheel [901] are driven by the transmission shaft [902] and rotate coaxially. The radius of the drive wheel [901] is less than 2/3 of the inner diameter of the speed limit box; the drive wheel [901] has a non-slip pattern on the contact surface of the safety rope to increase friction.

When the speed-limiting swivel arm [903] is a pair of arms that are symmetric along the center line of the rotating shaft, two centrifugal speed limiting members [202] are respectively installed at both ends thereof, and the speed limiting directions are the same, forming a one-way speed limit. Each centrifugal speed limit member [202] has a corresponding speed assurance spring [204], the speed assurance spring [204] is end-mounted on the centrifugal speed limiting member [202], and the other end is hung on the speed limiting rotating arm [903]. The spring is hung on the hole.

The middle section (ie C-C section) in the inner chamber of the governor with the drive governor assembly base is shown in Figure 10.

Figure 22 is a schematic view of the assembly of the drive speed limiter.

This embodiment provides a combined bracket as a fixed support. The combination bracket consists of a straight beam [801], two levers [802], 1 to 2 diagonal rods [803] and a plurality of fixed screws [804].

Straight beams [801] are square or circular sections of pipe fittings with a rope bolt [805] for securing the safety rope at one end and a rope groove for guiding the safety rope at the other end [806].

The lever [802] is composed of a sleeve [810], a straight tube [811] and a baffle [812]. The sleeve [810] is fixed at one end of the straight tube [811] and has the same cross section and is perpendicular to each other. The sleeve [810] can be placed over the straight beam [801] and can slide along the straight beam [801]. Straight beams [801] can be inserted into straight tubes [811]. The baffle [812] is fixed to the straight tube [811], close to the side of the sleeve [810] and the straight tube [811] Vertically, the baffle [812] may be located only on the side of the straight tube [811] or symmetrically along the straight tube [811]. Straight pipe [811] and casing [810] have screw holes [807] on which the fixing screws are mounted for fixing the rods [802] and straight beams [801] during assembly.

The slanting rod [803] is composed of a sleeve and a strut. The sleeve is fixed at one end of the strut and has the same cross section. The sleeve can be placed over the straight beam [801] and the straight beam [801] can be inserted into the struts. The struts and sleeves have screw holes [807] for mounting the fixing screws for fixing the diagonal and straight beams [801]. The open end plane of the strut is not perpendicular to the strut axis. When the casing has a square cross section, the casing has an angle with the strut, and the rake end plane is parallel to the contact plane of the casing and the strut.

The slanting rod [803] can be supported on the ground or on the window sill, so that the safety rope has a higher hanging point and people can easily go out from the window. After installation, the inclined rod [803] is inclined toward the wall, so that the straight beam [801] is pressed against the wall and is not easy to fall off.

When using the horizontal card assembly method shown in Figure 23, the safety rope can be placed in the middle of the straight beam [801].

When the side card assembly method shown in Fig. 24 is adopted, the safety rope can be hung on the rope bolt [805] or on the end of the straight beam [80]], and then stuck to the straight beam [801] on the rope. In slot [806], then hang down. Such a straight beam [801] has one end of the rope bolt [805] extending a certain distance from the window to avoid the person descending the process and hitting the wall.

Figure 23 is a schematic view of the combined stent.

Figure 25 is a schematic view of the assembled side card assembly. Book

(Embodiment 3)

The rope drop device of this embodiment is composed only of a fixed support, a safety rope, and a lowering device. The lowering device is a single rope or double rope automatic lowering device provided in the second embodiment. Both ends of the safety rope have a self-locking hook for preventing the release and a hanging ring embedded in the safety rope. The self-locking hook can be hung in the hanging loop to form a simple belt-type seat belt; or the two safety ropes are connected. It forms a large rope loop, and only one simple seat belt is kept at one end, so that when the person slides down, the speed can be controlled by the rising safety rope on the other side. The safety cord is installed in the rope groove of the lowering device. The size of the self-locking hook is larger than the inner diameter of the lowering rope groove so that the safety rope cannot be pulled out of the rope groove of the lowering device. The pull ring of the T-shaped hanger of the lowering device is hung on the fixed support; thus forming a speed-limiting pulley. Secure the person or item with a simple belt-type seat belt at one end of the safety line, or put on the seat belt and hang the self-locking hook of the safety line on the seat belt. The descender automatically controls the descending speed of the safety rope to safely lower the person or item.

In order to prevent the self-locking hook of the safety rope from catching debris during the ascent, a corresponding protective design is required, such as adding a tapered movable sleeve, covering the self-locking hook, and pulling it out when in use.

In the second embodiment, the automatic lowering device is used as a speed limit moving pulley; and in the present embodiment, the automatic lowering device is used as a speed limiting fixed pulley.

Claims

Claim

1. A rope drop device is composed of a fixed support, a safety rope, a safety belt, a belt connection rope and a descender; the utility model is characterized in that: one end of the safety rope is hung on the fixed support, and the other end is suspended to the ground; On the person or the item to be lowered, the two ends of the belt connection cord have self-locking hooks, one end is hung on the safety belt, and the other end is hung in the pull ring of the free end of the tang-shaped hanging rod of the lowering device; the safety rope is stuck In the rope groove of the lowering device; the θ-shaped hanging rod of the lowering device and the entire lowering device are rotated under the pulling force of the belt connection rope, and the τ-shaped hanging rod directly presses the safety rope or presses the safety rope through the pressure-limiting pressure plate, which is generated when sliding The friction provides a partial drop resistance, at which point the total descent resistance is less than the drop weight, and the descent and the attached person or item are accelerated to decrease; for the descent of the limiter, the descent resistance provided by the speed limiter when the descent speed reaches the design speed Increase, so that the total falling resistance is greater than the lowering weight, and the lowering device slows down; as the speed decreases, the falling resistance provided by the speed limiter decreases, when the speed is less than When calculating the speed, the total falling resistance is less than the lowering weight, and the lowering device starts to accelerate down again; this controls the speed within the design range; for the lowering device without the speed limiter, manually rotates the lowering device to make the working force of the T-shaped hanging rod When the arm is increased, the positive pressure of the pressing safety rope is increased, the lowering resistance provided by the lowering device is greater than the lowering weight, and the lowering device is decelerating and descending; after the hand is released, the lowering device automatically rotates and accelerates to slide again; in addition, the base of the lowering device is simultaneously pulled And the τ-shaped hanging rod seat can speed up the sliding speed; by automatically or manually controlling the descending speed of the descender, the person/item descends safely along the safety rope to the ground with the descending device;

The lowering device has a base and a T-shaped hanging rod seat, and there is a rope groove for installing a safety rope therebetween: the base and the T-shaped hanging rod seat have three matching manners: one is that the two are two separate parts, the rope One side of the groove is hinged by a pin anchored at both ends, and is in the form of a flap, and the other side is connected by a pin or a spring lock with a retaining mechanism to form a loose-leaf locking structure; the second is to make the two as a whole. One side has a rope opening slot, and both ends of the rope opening slot are provided with a buckle or a guide rope column or a guide rope wheel for preventing the safety rope from sliding out of the rope groove, forming an open groove structure; the loose-leaf locking structure and the open groove structure are both In order to facilitate the installation of the safety rope into the rope groove; when using the open groove structure, the contact surface of the θ-shaped hanging rod or the stopper pressure plate and the safety rope which is in contact with the safety rope is a groove structure, the direction of the groove and the pedestal The rope groove is uniform, and the safety rope can be tightly held to prevent it from slipping off the rope opening slot; the third is to make the two as a whole, without the rope opening slot, and the safety rope passes through the rope groove;

The descender can be divided into a single rope manual lowering device, a single rope automatic lowering device, a double rope manual lowering device, a double rope manual-automatic double acting lowering according to the number of the θ-shaped hanging rod seat (ie the number of rope grooves) and the speed limit control mode. Double rope automatic lowering device; double rope manual lowering device is further divided into two pairs of manual rope lowering device and two-wire manual descending device according to the installation position of the τ-shaped hanging rod seat; The rope grooves are sandwiched between the two T-shaped hanging rod seats; and the two T-shaped hanging rod seats of the double rope manual lowering device are arranged side by side, and the two rope grooves are on the same side of the two T-shaped hanging rod seats, which are equivalent to two Single rope manual descenders are installed side by side; for double rope manual descenders, double rope manual-automatic double action descenders, one long and one short belt connecting rope, short main connecting rope, long In order to work from the connecting rope; when working normally, the main system is connected to the half-side system of the main connecting rope; when the half-system of the main connecting rope is broken and cannot work, the half-side system connected from the connecting rope works immediately to ensure a safe decline; Rope manually The lowering device and the double rope automatic lowering device require two equal length belt connecting ropes, regardless of the master and slave, and the two half systems work simultaneously.

2. A speed limiter consisting of a turntable or a rotating arm [201], a centrifugal speed limiting member [202], a speed limiting shell [203], and a speed guarantee spring [204], characterized in that: a speed limiting shell [203] Fixed on the object that can provide the speed limit torque; the rotating shaft [205] of the centrifugal speed limit member [202] is fixed on the turntable or the rotating arm [201]; the working speed limit direction of the centrifugal speed limit member [202] and its free end pointing Similarly, when the turning of the turntable or rotating arm [201] is aligned with the free end of the centrifugal speed limiting member [202], the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] provides working resistance, and the working resistance provided in the reverse rotation is negligible;

When the centrifugal speed limit member [202] is in operation, it is in contact with or in line contact with the inner wall surface of the speed limiting shell [203]; it is in contact with the center point A and perpendicular to the turntable or the rotation by the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] and the speed limiting shell [203]. On the plane of the axis of rotation of the arm [201], the tangent of the angle α formed by the center point B of the rotating shaft [205] of the centrifugal speed limiting member [202], the contact center point A, the rotary shaft or the rotating shaft [201] The function value is located in the specified neighborhood of the friction coefficient n _to when the centrifugal speed limit member [202] and the speed limit shell [203] are designed, that is, °^[— ^ΘΙ ' + 】, where Θ1≥0, θι·≥0 In other words, ideally, when the centrifugal speed limit member [202] slides at the design speed in the speed limiting shell [203], the resultant force of the contact surface/line positive pressure and friction force passes through the center point of the rotating shaft [205]. Β, the positive pressure on the centrifugal speed limit member [202] produces a torque equal to the friction force versus the centrifugal speed limit member [202] Claim

Torque; In order to ensure that no friction deadlock is generated, the tangent value of the angle α after assembly is not less than the friction coefficient of the minimum speed \^„ μ «^:

The ideal position of the center of gravity of the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] on the ΑΒ0 plane is on the perpendicular 0C of Β0; the speed assurance spring [204] is hanged on the spring pedestal of the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] [206] Above, the other end is hung on the spring hanging hole of the turntable or the rotating arm [201], or is hung on the spring hanging seat [206] of the other centrifugal speed limiting member [202] opposite thereto; initially, the centrifugal speed limit The member [202] rotates away from the speed limit shell [203] under the tension of the speed guarantee spring [204]; the turntable or the rotating arm [201] starts to rotate in the direction in which the free end of the centrifugal speed limit member [202] is pointed, in the centrifugal force Under the centrifugal torque generated by the relative rotation axis [205], the centrifugal speed limit member [202] rotates toward the speed limit shell [203]; when the rotation speed exceeds the initial working speed of the centrifugal speed limit member [202], the centrifugal torque overcomes the speed The tension moment of the spring [204] is guaranteed, and the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] is in contact with the speed limiting shell [203]; as the speed increases, the tension torque of the speed guarantee spring [204] changes negligibly, and the centrifugal force torque increases continuously. Due to the frictional moment and the centrifugal torque The same, so the contact pressure of the contact surface of the centrifugal speed limit member [202] and the speed limit shell [203] increases rapidly; when the contact pressure and friction force on the turntable or the rotating arm [201], the resistance moment is greater than the turntable or the rotating arm [201] When the dynamic torque is applied, the turntable or the rotating arm [201] is decelerated and rotated, the centrifugal force is reduced, the contact pressure and the frictional force and the resistance torque to the turntable or the rotating arm [201] are also reduced, when the contact pressure and the friction force are on the turntable. Or when the resistance torque of the rotating arm [201] is smaller than the dynamic torque of the rotating or rotating arm [201], the rotating or rotating arm [201] starts to accelerate again; this speed will be stabilized within the design range [ν^, ν^ ] For the friction coefficient with increasing friction coefficient with speed, the speed range is taken in its monotonically increasing section; then, during the rotation, if the speed increases, the friction coefficient μ also increases, and exceeds After the tangent value th a of the angle α, friction self-locking occurs; after the friction self-locking, the speed decreases, and the friction coefficient μ also decreases. After the tangent value of the angle α is less than or equal to a:

The second method for designing the contact surface of the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] and the speed limiting shell [203] according to the principle that the friction coefficient increases with speed increases is - through the centrifugal speed limiting member [202] and the speed limiting shell [ 203] on the plane of any contact point A1 on the contact surface and perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the turntable or swivel arm [201], the center point B of the rotating shaft [205] of the speed limit member [202], the contact point Al, the turntable or the swivel arm The angle formed by the center point 0 of the rotation axis of [201] is α 1, then the tangent value of α 1 is th a ΐ ε [ μ μ ] , where μ ^ and μ are the frictions at the maximum velocity V ^ and the minimum velocity V ^ , respectively. Coefficient

Two counter-clock speed-limiting centrifugal speed limiting members [202] are mounted on one side of the turntable or rotating arm [201], and two clockwise speed limiting centrifugal speed limiting members [202] are mounted on the other side to form a two-way speed limit. , or four centrifugal speed limiting members [202] with the same speed limit direction on both sides, forming a one-way speed limiter; if the rotary or rotating arm [201] is a single-arm rotating arm, it can be the same non-rotating arm Two rotating speed limiting members [202] with opposite speed limiting directions are installed at the rotating shaft end to form a two-way speed governor; if the rotating wheel or rotating arm [201] is a symmetric double arm, one speed limiting direction can be installed at both ends thereof. The centrifugal speed limit member [202] constitutes a one-way speed limiter.

3. The rope drop device according to claim 1, wherein: the single rope automatic lowering device comprises a base [301], a Τ-shaped hanging rod seat [2], and a Τ-shaped hanging rod [3] ], 0 or 1 limit pressure plate [5], 1 speed limiter, 1 speed limiter cover [7], anti-off nut or anti-off-pin [314], shaft [9] and box outer defense Loose nut [8];

The base [301] is fastened with the 挂-shaped hanging rod base [2] with a rope groove for the safety rope [306] in the middle; the base [301] - the side and the 挂-shaped hanging rod seat [2] The anchored pin [316] is hinged and has a leaflet shape, and the other side is connected to the 挂-shaped pylon seat [2] with a pin or spring lock [315] with a detachment mechanism; or the base [301] and the cymbal The hanging rod base [2] is made as a whole, with a rope opening slot [318] on one side, and a buckle for preventing the safety rope from sliding out of the rope groove [306] at both ends of the loading rope slot [3L8] [317] Or the base [301] and the 挂-shaped hanging rod base [2] are made in one piece, and there is no rope opening slot;

The 挂-shaped hanging rod seat [2] also has an ear [4] for mounting the 挂-shaped hanging rod [3] shaft [6], and a limit movement for restricting the movement of the limiting pressure plate [5] perpendicular to the rope groove [306]. Slot: The hanging rod holder [2] has a pressing rope window [309] at the limiting groove, and the limiting pressure plate [5] can be cut into the rope groove [306] through the pressing rope window [309] to press the safety rope;

The pressure surface of the 挂-shaped hanging rod [3] and the pressure-limiting pressure plate [5] is a cylindrical surface; the free end of the 挂-shaped hanging rod [3] has a pull ring for mounting the belt connection cord; the 挂-shaped hanging rod [ 3] The shaft [6] is mounted on the ear [4] of the 挂-shaped hanging rod seat [2];

The contact surface of the pressure limiting plate [5] and the safety rope has an anti-slip pattern to increase the friction; Claim

There is a transmission window [303] between the inner chamber of the speed limiter for mounting the speed limiter on the base [301] and the rope groove [306]; after assembly, the transmission wheel [313] of the speed limiter passes through the transmission window [303] Cut into the rope groove [306]: The safety rope is sandwiched between the transmission wheel [313] and the stopper pressure plate [5], and forms a belt transmission with the transmission wheel [313];

The speed limiter cover [7] is placed on the inner cavity of the speed limiter; the end of the rotating shaft [9] has a fixed anti-off cap, the other end has the thread of the outer lock nut of the mounting box, and the anti-off nut or anti-off-load is installed in the middle. Thread or pin groove of [314]; the speed limiter is sleeved on the rotating shaft [9] and can be rotated around the rotating shaft [9]; the rotating shaft [9] passes through the rotating shaft hole at the bottom of the base [301] and the governor cover The shaft lock hole [8] is screwed on the shaft [9] to prevent the speed limiter cover [7] from falling off; the anti-off nut or the anti-off pin [314] is mounted on the shaft [9] to prevent the box After the outer anti-loose nut [8] falls off, the speed limiter follows.

4. The rope drop device according to claim 1, wherein: the double rope manual-automatic double action descender comprises a base [401], two T-shaped hangers [402] [403], 2 T-shaped hanging rods [404] [405], 1 limit pressure plate [406], 1 speed limiter, 1 speed limiter cover, anti-off nut or anti-off-pin, shaft and outer lock nut Composition; gp, consisting of a single rope manual descender and a single rope automatic descender;

There is a rope groove for installing a safety rope between the base [401] and the T-shaped hanger seat [402] [403]; the two T-shaped hangers [402] [403] are oppositely mounted; the base [401] is installed The speed limiter inner cavity of the speed limiter; the speed limiter inner cavity is opposite to the limit pressure plate [406] with a transmission window [407], and the speed limiter drive wheel is cut into the rope groove through the transmission window [407]; A limited dynamic pressure plate [406] and a corresponding limiting groove are installed between the T-shaped hanging rod [405] and the rope groove; there is no limiting pressure plate and a corresponding limiting groove between the T-shaped hanging rod [404] and the rope groove; The hanging rod holder [402] [403] has a pressure rope window, and the limiting pressure plate [406] and the T-shaped hanging rod [404] can be cut into the corresponding rope groove through the corresponding pressing rope window to press the safety rope; The transmission wheel of the speed governor and the limiting pressure plate [406] sandwich the safety rope in the middle, so that the safety rope and the transmission wheel of the speed limiter form a belt transmission;

The base [401] has no transmission window on the side close to the T-shaped hanger base [402]; the shape of the T-shaped hanger [404] and the T-shaped hanger [405] are significantly different, or marked with different marks, so that Identification.

5. The rope drop device according to claim 1, wherein: the pair of double rope manual descenders comprises a base [501], two T-shaped hangers [502], and two T-shaped hangers. [503] composition; that is, two single rope manual descenders are relatively combined to form;

The two T-shaped hangers [502] are arranged opposite each other and cooperate with the base [501] to form two rope grooves for mounting the safety rope.

6. The rope drop device according to claim 1, wherein: the single rope manual lowering device comprises a base [601], a T-shaped hanging rod base [602] and a T-shaped hanging rod [603]. The pedestal [601] has a manual control handle [604] at a position opposite to the ear [605] of the T-shaped hanger base [602]; the T-shaped hanger seat [602] has a pressure rope window, T-shaped The hanging rod [603] can be cut into the rope groove through the pressure rope window to press the safety rope.

7. The rope drop device according to claim 1, wherein: the double rope manual lowering device is formed by two single rope manual descenders; the two T-shaped hanging rod seats are arranged side by side; The rope opening groove, the double-loaded rope opening groove or the loose-leaf locking structure is used as the safety rope loading mechanism.

8. The rope drop device according to claim 1, wherein the double rope automatic descender is formed by the bottoms of the bases of the two single rope automatic descenders; the base has two independent speed limits. The inner cavity of the device has a partition between them, and the central part of the partition has a shaft hole; the inner chambers of the two speed limiters are respectively used for installing the corresponding speed limiter: two T-shaped hanging rod seats are arranged side by side; the two speed limiters are shared One rotating shaft: There is no anti-off cap at both ends of the rotating shaft, there are threads for installing the outer locknut on both ends, and there are four threads or pin grooves for fixing the anti-off nuts or anti-off pins in the middle; or fixing on the rotating shaft The anti-off cap on the upper part replaces one anti-off nut or anti-off-pin in the middle; the anti-off nut or anti-off-pin or anti-off cap on both sides of the baffle can ensure that the rotating shaft does not fall off after the speed limiter cover is detached; or two speed limiting The transmission wheel of the device is mounted on a transmission sleeve, and the transmission sleeve passes through the shaft hole in the center of the partition plate, so that the transmission wheels of the two speed limiters rotate synchronously; at this time, a anti-off nut or a nut is installed in the middle of the transmission sleeve. Anti-out-of-stock, and fixed with an anti-off cap, respectively On both sides of the separator; the other two ends of the drive sleeve are mounted a retaining nut or retainer pins. Claim

9. The rope drop device according to claim 1, wherein: the speed limiter is composed of a transmission wheel [313], a detachment prevention nut or a detachment prevention pin [314], four centrifugal speed limiting members [202], and a connecting member thereof. And the speed guarantee spring [204]; the anti-off nut or the anti-off pin [314] is mounted on the rotating shaft [9], and is used to prevent the outer lock nut and the speed limit cover from accidentally falling off, and the drive wheel [313] is followed off;

The contact surface of the drive wheel [313] and the safety rope has an anti-slip pattern for increasing friction;

The four centrifugal speed limit members [202] are installed in two groups on both sides of the transmission wheel [313]; on the plane of the center line of the vertical transmission wheel [313], the center of the two shafts [307] on the same side Through the shaft center line of the transmission wheel [313], the speed limit direction is the same; the centrifugal speed limit members [202] on both sides are the two-way speed limiter when the speed limit direction is opposite, and the same is the one-way speed limiter; the centrifugal speed limit member [202] and the cavity wall of the pedestal speed limiter cavity constitute a friction pair; each centrifugal speed limit member [202] has a corresponding speed guarantee spring [204], the speed guarantee spring [204] - end hanging in the centrifuge The spring-loaded seat [206] of the speed limiting member [202] is attached to the spring hanging hole [305] on the transmission wheel [313].

10. The rope drop device according to claim 1, wherein: the speed limiter has a transmission wheel [901], a transmission shaft [902], a speed limiting rotating arm [903], and two centrifugal speed limiting members [202]. And its connecting member and speed guarantee spring [204]; the speed-limiting rotating arm [903] and the transmission wheel [901] are transmitted through the transmission shaft [902], coaxially rotating; the transmission wheel [901] has a radius smaller than the inner diameter of the speed limiting box 2/3;

The contact surface of the transmission wheel [901] and the safety rope has an anti-slip pattern for increasing friction;

When the speed-limiting rotating arm [903] is a single arm, two centrifugal speed limiting members [202] are symmetrically mounted on both sides thereof, and the speed limiting directions are opposite to each other, forming a two-way speed governor; the two centrifugal speed limiting members [202] share one speed. The spring [204], that is, the spring support [206] of the two ends of the speed guarantee spring [204] are respectively hung at the free ends of the two centrifugal speed limiting members [202];

When the speed-limiting rotating arm [903] is a double arm symmetric along the center line of its rotating shaft, two centrifugal speed limiting members [202] are respectively installed at both ends thereof, and the speed limiting directions are the same, forming a one-way speed limiter; each centrifugal The speed limiting member [202] has a corresponding speed guarantee spring [204], the speed guarantee spring [204] is hung on the centrifugal speed limiting member [202], and the other end is hung on the speed limiting rotating arm [903]. On the hole.