WO2013048915A1 - Appareil d'ancrage pour convertisseurs de l'énergie des vagues - Google Patents

Appareil d'ancrage pour convertisseurs de l'énergie des vagues Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013048915A1
WO2013048915A1 PCT/US2012/056784 US2012056784W WO2013048915A1 WO 2013048915 A1 WO2013048915 A1 WO 2013048915A1 US 2012056784 W US2012056784 W US 2012056784W WO 2013048915 A1 WO2013048915 A1 WO 2013048915A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
anchoring
enclosure
anchor
chamber
underside
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2012/056784
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William B. Powers
Wei-Ming Chi
Original Assignee
Ocean Power Technologies, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ocean Power Technologies, Inc. filed Critical Ocean Power Technologies, Inc.
Priority to MX2013012515A priority Critical patent/MX349535B/es
Publication of WO2013048915A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013048915A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/97—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a submerged structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/18—Purpose of the control system to control buoyancy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • This invention relates to anchoring apparatus and, in particular, to anchoring apparatus suitable for mooring wave energy converter devices (WECs) and holding them in place at offshore sites.
  • WECs wave energy converter devices
  • anchors for mooring devices in the ocean are known, and each of these anchors has its own set of design features aimed at particular end use
  • anchors must be:(a) very large with high holding power, (b) cost effective both in their manufacture and also their deployment, (c) have low environmental impact, (d) able to function in a variety of seabed soil conditions, (e) provide anchoring to multiple wave energy converters in a matrix arrangement, and (f) able to be raised from the sea-bed to the water surface in a controlled and inexpensive manner for maintenance, relocation, and or final project site remediation if necessary.
  • an anchor to perform the desired holding function to hold a WEC(s) In place may, for example, have to weigh in the neighborhood of 300 to 500 tons, or more, and be 5-15 meters in i diameter and 5-15 meters in height.
  • the depioyment of such structures requires very large barges, cranes and ships to transport the structures out to a deep sea site.
  • An anchor which can achieve the holding power requirement, provide anchoring to multiple WECS, and significantly reduce the size and cost of the installation equipment.
  • an anchor embodying the invention includes an anchoring enclosure, having at least one chamber, whose buoyancy ca be controlled by pumping a gas (e.g., air) or a liquid (e.g., sea water) into the chamber.
  • a gas e.g., air
  • a liquid e.g., sea water
  • the anchoring enclosure is made more buoyant.
  • a liquid e.g., sea water
  • the anchoring enclosure can then be rendered less buoyant so as to sink, or be lowered in a controlled manner, to the bottom of the body of water.
  • the anchoring enclosure includes a bottom extension extending around the underside of the anchoring enclosure for embedding the anchoring enclosure into the bottom of the body of water.
  • the anchoring enclosure also inciudes an anti-scouring skirt extending about the perimeter of the lower portion of the structure and extending about the anchoring enclosure for resting along the bottom of the body of water and preventing water movement from disturbing the embedded bottom extension.
  • the anchoring enclosure also includes mooring attachment points for enabling the connection of the anchoring enclosure to one, or more, wave energy converters (WECs) generally disposed along the surface of the body of water.
  • WECs wave energy converters
  • Embodiments of the invention may include more than one chamber to provide greater control for the lowering and raising of the anchoring enclosure.
  • Each chamber includes piping and/or tubing means for pumping a gas or a liquid into, or out of, each chamber.
  • Anchors embodying the invention provide a solution to the cost problem of depSoyment of anchors while providing a mooring structure which can prevent the drifting of devices such as WECs.
  • Fig. 1 is a simplified cross-sectional diagram of an anchor embodying the invention riding along the surface of a body of water;
  • Fig. 2 is a simplified cross-sectional diagram of the ancho of Fig. 1 , lying along the sea bed;
  • Figs. 3A and 38 are isometric drawings of anchors embodying the invention
  • Figs. 4A and 48 are top views of anchors embodying the invention
  • Fig. 5 is an idealized drawing of vessels for towing an anchor out to a deep water site and providing the means for towering or raising an anchor embodying the invention to s or from, the ocean floor;
  • Fig. 6 is an idealized diagram illustrating the connection of a WEe to a mooring buoy connected to an anchor, in accordance with the invention.
  • the cross section of an anchor 10 embodying the invention is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the anchor may have any suitable shape as shown, for example, in Figs. 3A, 3B, 4A and 4B. That is, the anchor 10 may be square shaped, rectangular, cylindrical, domed or be an "n" faceted polygon or any like structure, as shown in the figures.
  • the anchor may be formed of any suitable material (e.g., concrete, steel). The choice of concrete may be dictated by the economics (concrete is generally very cheap and is also well suited from environmental conditions and other factors).
  • the dimensions and weight of the anchors may vary over a wide range depending on the size of the WEC(s) to be held in place and the forces which need to be
  • the length “L” and width “W” may range from less than 1 meter to more than 10 meters and the height ' ⁇ " may also range from less than 1 meter to more than 10 meters.
  • the diameter "D” may range from less than 1 meter to more than 10 meters and the height ⁇ " may also range from less than 1 meter to more than 10 meters.
  • the weight of the anchor may vary over a wide range from, for example, less than 1000 tons to more than 500,000 tons.
  • the anchor 10 is shown to have a basic box-like or cylindrical frame 110 with outer vertical wall sections 1 12 and 114 and an outer upper horizontal section 116 and an outer lower horizontal section118. Horizontal section 1 18 is the top most section and horizontal section 118 is the bottom most section.
  • three (3) tanks/chambers (T1 , T2, T3) are formed within the box/block separated by wall 120 and 122. In practice, more, or less, chambers/tanks can be formed.
  • the chambers may be filled with a fluid (e.g., a gas such as air or a liquid such as water) to vary the weight (and buoyancy) of the anchor.
  • a fluid e.g., a gas such as air or a liquid such as water
  • each tank may be controlled or determined by means of pipes which extend from a point external to the tank to a point within the tank.
  • tank T1 has a pipe P1a and a pipe P
  • tank T2 has a pipe P2a and a pipe P2b
  • Tank T3 has a pipe P3a and a pipe P3b
  • the Pipes P1a, P2a, and P3a may be coupled via tubing (see Fig. 5 ⁇ to a source of liquid (which could be sea-water or any other suitable liquid) to selectively fill the tanks with the liquid (e.g., water).
  • the pipes P1 b, P2b, and P3b may be coupled via tubing (see Figs.
  • Anchors 10 include an extension 130a, 130b, extending from vertical sections 112 and 114 (outer al! of anchor 10), The extension 130a, 130b, is intended to dig into the sea bed and provide additional grabbing into the sea bed. Note pipes P10 and P1 1 extend from above the anchor to a point be!ow the lowest horizontal
  • Pipes P10 and P11 may also be coupled via tubing (see Fig. 5) to a source of air or water which can be blown underneath horizontal member 118 of the ancho 10 to aid the anchor to rise above the sea bed (when so desired).
  • Anchor 10 as shown in the figures, includes an "a nti -scouring" skirt 132a, 132b which functions to ensure that the anchor 10 remains in place by preventing the seabed material/sediment from being pulled or washed away from extension 130a, 130b and the bas region of the anchor.
  • the anti-scouring skirt prevents scouring by hugging and overlying the sea bed area extending around 130a, 130b and preventing the soil/sediment at the anchor's bas from being washed away.
  • the anti-scounng skirt is an important feature of anchor's embodying the invention. Water motion about the base of an anchor resting on the ocean floor may eat away at the soil/sand surrounding the anchor base. If sufficient soil/sand is removed, the anchor may topple over. To overcome this problem, anchors
  • the anti-scouring skirt which extends from the base of the anchor and rests on the ocean floor to prevent soil/sand from being removed or lost from around the base of the anchor.
  • the anti-scouring skirt may take several different forms and be of several different materials. For example, a layer of concrete or cement surrounding the anchor base and extending outwardly from there may be used to protect the sea bed sediment structure around the anchor base and prevent scouring.
  • the size and dimensions and shape of the anti-scouring skirt 132 depends on the amount of water motion and the type of sediment at the anchor site.
  • the anchor base will face varying amounts of scouring action. As a genera! rule, the greater the propensity to scour out, the more the need for protection and a larger area is preferred.
  • the anti-scouring skirt is indicated to be 5 meters greater than the length "L" of the anchor. However, this is by way of illustration only and the anti-scouring skirt may be less than 5 meters or significantly greater than that value.
  • the anti-scouring skirt may be formed of steel or concrete or any other suitable material. If may be formed as part of the anchor when the anchor is originally constructed. Alternatively, the anti-scouring skirt may be formed as sub assemblies added on to the anchor after fabrication of the anchor.
  • the anti-scouring skirt may be;
  • Pre-fabricated mats consisting of reinforced loosely woven heavy duty fabric with concrete blocks pre-attached that can be cut away or rolled up or pulled out from the anchor; or
  • Two mooring Sine attachment points 140 are shown extending from the outer wal!s of the anchor, It should be appreciated that many more mooring posts can be formed and attached to the outer wai!s of the anchor 10.
  • the "buoyant" anchor can be towed out via a relatively small vessel (e.g., 89 or 90 in Fig. 5, or an auxiliary vessel) and positioned at a site to be lowered into the water.
  • a relatively small vessel e.g., 89 or 90 in Fig. 5, or an auxiliary vessel
  • tubes may be connected between each one of the pipes and a corresponding source of fluid (e.g., 92, 94) mounted on a vessel 90.
  • the sources of fluid e.g., 92, 94
  • the sources of fluid can pump air or water into or out of the ancho chambers.
  • the amount and type of fluid blown into or out of the tanks/chambers of the anchor determine its buoyancy.
  • a gas e.g., air
  • one of the chambers e.g., T2
  • water e.g., water
  • the rate of descent may be controlled by the use of a crane 87 on a vessel 89. Since the anchor is initially buoyant, the crane and the vessel may be relatively "small”. The buoyancy
  • the characteristic of the anchor during the lovvering process is controlled by adjusting the amount of liquid pumped into chamber T2, or any of the other chambers.
  • the controiied lowering of the anchor is desirable to prevent any breakage and to control the positioning of the anchor.
  • the iubing(s) may be left attached at their bottom ends to the anchor 10 with their top ends left floating along the water surface to have the tubing available if, and when, there is a need to raise or move the anchor for additional positioning.
  • the tubing(s) may be left attached at thei bottom ends to the anchor 0, and the surface ends can be lowered into containment bins located on top of the anchor.
  • anti-scouring skirt (132a, 132b) lies along the surface of the sea bed preventing soil erosion about the base of the anchor and its extension 130a, 130b.
  • FIGs. 1 , 2 and 5 note that tubing is shown attached between the anchor 10 and sources of fluid, such as air compressor 92 and water pump 94 mounted on vessel 90. Air can be blown through pipes P10, P11 to provide break suction and Sift to the anchor by pushing up on horizontal member 1 18, Then, air can be pushed into selected ones ⁇ or at!) of the chambers 11 , 12 and/or T3 causing water to be evacuated from the chambers and for the anchor to start rising. The amount of air pushed in can be controlled to assure a smooth and continuous ascent.
  • sources of fluid such as air compressor 92 and water pump 94 mounted on vessel 90. Air can be blown through pipes P10, P11 to provide break suction and Sift to the anchor by pushing up on horizontal member 1 18, Then, air can be pushed into selected ones ⁇ or at!) of the chambers 11 , 12 and/or T3 causing water to be evacuated from the chambers and for the anchor to start rising. The amount of air pushed in can be controlled to assure
  • FIG. 6 there is shown a WEC 20 which includes a spar 22 and a float 24.
  • the submerged end of the spar is connected to heave plate 26 which adds mass to the spar and keeps if generally in place and stabilized.
  • the float and spar move relative to each other and their relative motion is converted into electrical energy via power take off device (not shown).
  • An anchor 10 is connected via a line 52 to a mooring buoy 54 which is connected via line 56 and bridles 58, 60 to the spar 22 of a WEC 20.
  • the mooring buoy 54 provides damping action for the forces tending to push the WEC away from the anchor.
  • An anchor embodying the invention may be used to hold more tha one WEC in place.
  • a multiplicity of WECs may be interconnected via mooring buoys to their respective anchors.
  • a multiplicity (farm) of WECs can be interconnected and share anchors to minimize the number of anchors needed to hold the multiplicity of WECs in piace.
  • the anchors of the invention are highly suited to enable a multiplicity of WECs to be held in place.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un logement d'ancrage qui comprend une chambre dont la flottaison peut être régulée par pompage d'un gaz (par exemple de l'air) ou d'un liquide (par exemple de l'eau de mer) dans la chambre. Le logement d'ancrage comprend une extension inférieure pour implanter le logement d'ancrage dans le fond marin. Le logement d'ancrage peut comprendre un système de canalisations pour souffler un fluide au-dessous du logement inférieur afin de soulever le logement et/ou une jupe anti-affouillement s'étendant autour de la périphérie de la partie inférieure de la structure et vers l'extérieur à partir du logement d'ancrage pour reposer sur le fond de la masse d'eau et pour empêcher qu'un mouvement de l'eau ne perturbe l'extension inférieure implantée.
PCT/US2012/056784 2011-04-26 2012-09-23 Appareil d'ancrage pour convertisseurs de l'énergie des vagues WO2013048915A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MX2013012515A MX349535B (es) 2011-04-26 2012-09-23 Dispositivo de arranque para un motor de combustión interna.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/200,585 2011-09-26
US13/200,585 US20130074758A1 (en) 2011-09-26 2011-09-26 Anchoring apparatus for wave energy converters

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013048915A1 true WO2013048915A1 (fr) 2013-04-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2012/056784 WO2013048915A1 (fr) 2011-04-26 2012-09-23 Appareil d'ancrage pour convertisseurs de l'énergie des vagues

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US (1) US20130074758A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013048915A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9074577B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2015-07-07 Dehlsen Associates, Llc Wave energy converter system
US9416796B2 (en) * 2014-01-29 2016-08-16 Hydrostor Inc. Energy accumulation apparatus
KR101731278B1 (ko) * 2016-02-18 2017-04-28 주식회사 인진 블럭형 파력 발전 장치 및 그 설치 방법

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006030291A2 (fr) 2004-09-14 2006-03-23 Ge Healthcare As Composes pour diagnostics
WO2008072976A2 (fr) * 2006-12-13 2008-06-19 Ge Healthcare As Synthèse d'un peptide radiofluoré utilisant la technologie d'activation par micro-ondes
WO2011044422A2 (fr) * 2009-10-08 2011-04-14 Ge Healthcare Limited Procédé de purification par extraction en phase solide

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US4296706A (en) * 1978-07-13 1981-10-27 The British Petroleum Company Limited Anchor
US4761096A (en) * 1987-02-24 1988-08-02 Lin Sheng S Universal footing with jetting system
US7188471B2 (en) * 2004-05-07 2007-03-13 William Don Walters Submersible power plant
US20100117366A1 (en) * 2007-03-02 2010-05-13 Kenneth Rhinefrank Methods and apparatus for power generation
US8698338B2 (en) * 2010-03-08 2014-04-15 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Offshore energy harvesting, storage, and power generation system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006030291A2 (fr) 2004-09-14 2006-03-23 Ge Healthcare As Composes pour diagnostics
WO2008072976A2 (fr) * 2006-12-13 2008-06-19 Ge Healthcare As Synthèse d'un peptide radiofluoré utilisant la technologie d'activation par micro-ondes
WO2011044422A2 (fr) * 2009-10-08 2011-04-14 Ge Healthcare Limited Procédé de purification par extraction en phase solide

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
"Grace Prep and Process Purification, Prepacked Columns", , 19 December 2007 (2007-12-19), XP055044648, Retrieved from the Internet: URL:http://www.discoverysciences.com/uploadedFiles/Preparative_and_Process/PrepProcessPurif_ProdInfo_PrepackedCols_p148to151_p156to161.pdf [retrieved on 2012-11-19] *

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