WO2013043053A1 - Procédé et système de production d'électricité thermique directe - Google Patents

Procédé et système de production d'électricité thermique directe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013043053A1
WO2013043053A1 PCT/NL2012/050671 NL2012050671W WO2013043053A1 WO 2013043053 A1 WO2013043053 A1 WO 2013043053A1 NL 2012050671 W NL2012050671 W NL 2012050671W WO 2013043053 A1 WO2013043053 A1 WO 2013043053A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrodes
container
electrolyte
temperature
electrode
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2012/050671
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hubertus Victor Marie Hamelers
Bruno BASTOS
Oliver Schaetzle
Original Assignee
Stichting Wetsus Centre Of Excellence For Sustainable Water Technology
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stichting Wetsus Centre Of Excellence For Sustainable Water Technology filed Critical Stichting Wetsus Centre Of Excellence For Sustainable Water Technology
Priority to EP12769762.1A priority Critical patent/EP2759010A1/fr
Publication of WO2013043053A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013043053A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
    • H01M6/36—Deferred-action cells containing electrolyte and made operational by physical means, e.g. thermal cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
    • C02F1/4691—Capacitive deionisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/4604—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for desalination of seawater or brackish water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for thermal generation of electricity in direct manner.
  • the invention relates more particularly to the generation of energy from a temperature difference.
  • the present invention has for its ob ect to provide a method and/or system with which existing methods for generating electricity are improved, or to provide an alternative thereto.
  • the anion- and cation-selective electrodes are preferably embodied as electrodes, as described in WO 2010/062175, the relevant parts of which are deemed included in the present application .
  • the electrodes in the system according to the invention preferably provide both a capacitive and an ion-selective function.
  • the electrolyte is preferably a salt solution, a so-called ionic liguid, a molten salt.
  • the electrical connection comprises a load with which energy can be extracted from the electric current which is generated. According to the invention this can be embodied in different ways. Within the context of the invention electrolyte is understood to mean both electrolyte and electrolyte solution.
  • the generation of current is realized by bringing the at least one anion-selective electrode (ASE) and the at least one cation-selective electrode (CSE) to a first temperature in a first phase, wherein the electrodes are connected in a circuit, wherein the circuit comprises a load. Electrodes will be charged due to the resulting voltage difference. In a second phase the electrodes are discharged and energy is generated.
  • ASE anion-selective electrode
  • CSE cation-selective electrode
  • the electrode comprises active carbon involving adsorption/desorption of ions on the surface of the electrode.
  • Alternative electrodes comprise carbon nano-tubes and graphene, or combinations thereof.
  • the performance of the method and/or the system according to the invention depends partly on the ionic strength of the electrolyte, for instance expressed in Voltage per temperature difference (mV/K) .
  • solutions that can be used comprise NaOH, HC1, NH 4 N0 3 .
  • means are provided for changing the temperature of the electrolyte.
  • the electrodes By bringing the ASE and CSE to a second temperature in a second phase the electrodes will be discharged and energy is generated .
  • the means for changing the temperature of the electrolyte for instance comprise pump means.
  • the pump means replace the liquid around the assembly of electrodes for the purpose of thereby bringing about a different temperature.
  • the electrolyte remains present here and is only brought to a different temperature.
  • the pump means replace the electrolyte with another electrolyte having a second, different temperature. The electrolyte is therefore replaced or switched here.
  • the electrodes are placed in a quantity of electrolyte solution enclosed by a container which comprises a conductive substance and which is substantially impermeable to the electrolyte solution. This assembly of electrodes and electrolyte solution is then exposed to changing temperatures. This achieves a practical embodiment which generates electricity in effective manner.
  • a second container with a second electrolyte solution in which at least one anion-selective electrode and at least one cation-selective electrode are arranged, and wherein an electrode from the first container is operatively connected electrically to an electrode from the second container.
  • the first set of electrodes at a first temperature comprising at least one ASE and one CSE
  • a second set of electrodes at a second, different, temperature likewise comprising at least one ASE and one CSE.
  • the two sets are mutually connected via an electrical circuit.
  • some of the electrodes of separate sets are mutually connected with a low resistance.
  • Other electrodes of the two sets are mutually connected via a load.
  • the load is provided between the ASEs and/or the CSEs of the different sets of electrodes.
  • the resulting voltage difference then provides for a current, wherein the capacitance of the electrodes is charged and the voltage difference decreases .
  • the electrodes are discharged by subsequently placing the electrodes in another liquid with electrolyte solution and energy is generated by this discharge.
  • containers with electrodes are placed in series and/or parallel for the purpose of increasing the generated electricity.
  • the direct thermal electricity generation is combined with desalination of a liquid.
  • the invention further also relates to a method for desalinating a liquid, the method comprising of:
  • the invention further also relates to a system for direct thermal electricity generation, the system comprising:
  • At least one anion-selective electrode with electrical capacitance at least one anion-selective electrode with electrical capacitance
  • transfer means for transfer from a first phase for charging the electrodes to a second phase for discharging the electrodes.
  • a first set of electrodes with at least one anion-selective and one cation-selective electrode, is placed during use in a first electrolyte having a first temperature.
  • the second set of electrodes is brought to a second temperature following charging thereof.
  • a first system means are provided for changing the temperature of the set of electrodes. Use can for instance be made here of pump means for replacing the liquid around the electrodes and the electrolyte, in the case of an assembly thereof inside a separate container, with a liquid at a different temperature such that the assembly of electrodes and electrolyte is brought effectively to a different temperature.
  • the first set of electrodes is displaced to another container with an electrolyte at a different temperature .
  • a third system use is made of a second set of electrodes in addition to a first set of electrodes, wherein electrodes from the different sets are operatively connected electrically.
  • the second set of electrodes is placed in a second electrolyte having a second temperature.
  • the cation-selective electrodes from the two sets are mutually connected, preferably with a low resistance.
  • the electrical connection with the load is placed between the anion-selective electrodes.
  • the load can be provided between the
  • cation-selective electrodes and/or between anion- and cation-selective electrodes.
  • the circuit with the load realizes a voltage difference so that a current begins to flow and the capacitance of the electrodes is charged. This causes the voltage difference to decrease.
  • Switching the sets of electrodes i.e. placing the electrodes in the other solution, will create a potential difference. Due to the created potential difference the electrodes will discharge and energy will be generated.
  • the sets of electrodes can then be re-placed for a subsequent cycle. In this system the sets of electrodes are switched for the purpose of transferring from charging to discharging of the electrodes, and vice versa.
  • a number of the above stated systems possibly including combinations of the different systems, are placed in series and/or parallel in order to thereby increase the yield.
  • the system comprises a first, second and third container.
  • ions are carried from a first to a second container, wherein a desalination occurs in one of the containers, in a three-container system and associated method according to the invention the third container is used for the electrolyte.
  • Two containers function as temperature vessels between which a temperature difference is arranged.
  • the third vessel functions as electrolyte vessel in which both adsorption and desorption take place, preferably
  • Said systems can be combined to form new systems. It is further possible to use the system according to the invention simultaneously or alternatively in the above stated manner for desalination of a liquid.
  • figure 1 shows an overview of a method for manufacturing an electrode for the system according to the invention
  • a usable electrode for the system and the method according to the invention comprises a so-called current collector, capacitive material, for instance active carbon, and
  • Manufacturing process 2 (figure 1) comprises as first step 4 of providing powder comprising suitable material.
  • second step 6 the powder is placed in a slurry of about 10% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as binder material in an n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • a subsequent step 10 the obtained material is cast in a first option 12 on a glass sheet as a film layer for the purpose of obtaining an electrode via phase reversal in subsequent step 14, or cast in a second option 16 on a graphite foil as an integrated electrode obtained via evaporation step 18.
  • first electrolyte 24 at first temperature Tl a CSE (CSE1) 26 and an ASE (ASE1) 28 are provided in first container 22 having therein a first set of electrodes.
  • CSE1 26 and CSE2 36 are mutually connected with a low-resistance connecting wire.
  • a load 40 is placed between ASE1 28 and ASE2 34 in circuit 38 to which electrodes of the separate sets are connected. This creates a voltage difference over load 40.
  • this voltage difference ensures that a current begins to flow and the capacitance of electrodes
  • electrodes 24,26,34,36 are switched, i.e. placed in the other electrolyte solution 24,32. This in turn results in a potential difference whereby the electrodes are in turn discharged and energy is generated.
  • the electrodes can then be switched again in order to return them to the starting position, and the process will take place again in normal manner.
  • load 40 can additionally or alternatively also be placed between ASEs 28,34 instead of between CSEs 26,36 as in the shown embodiment.
  • System 20 has the additional advantage that transport of salt takes place.
  • electrons go from CSEl 26 (at temperature Tl) to CSE2 36 (at temperature T2), cations are then released at CSEl 26 and anions at ASEl 28.
  • This latter can be understood in that electroneutrality has to be maintained in solution 24 with temperature Tl.
  • solution 32 with temperature T2 precisely the reverse takes place, i.e. ions are adsorbed and/or absorbed at electrodes 34,36. This means that
  • load 40 can be placed between ASEl 28 and CSE2 36. Desalination can also take place in system 42.
  • load 40 is placed in a first set of electrodes between CSEl 26 and ASEl 28.
  • the two electrodes 26, 28 are now placed in the same solution 24 with first temperature Tl.
  • a current once again begins to flow until the capacitance is full again.
  • Electrodes 26,28 are then placed in a second electrolyte with second temperature T2 and the current decreases again.
  • the two electrodes can subsequently be placed in the solution with temperature Tl for the following cycle.
  • Cation-selective plates 26, 36 were connected to a 15 ohm resistor 40 and plates 28, 34 were connected to a copper wire.
  • the voltage over resistor 40 was measured. The voltage rose quickly to positive values and a specific peak, after which it decreased with an exponential-type trend until 0 Volt was reached. At that moment the plates of container 24 were transferred to container 32 and vice versa. This resulted in similar behaviour, with negative values (figure 7 for 3 cycles, with voltage in mV through time in seconds) at a temperature difference of 24 degrees.
  • FIG. 58 (figures 9A-C) based on the same operation use is made of three containers 60, 62, 64. Circuit 66 with switch 68 connects first electrode system 70 to second electrode system 72. During use container 60 is filled with warm liquid, container 64 with cold liquid and container 62 with liquid at an intermediate, medium temperature.
  • circuit 66 is opened by opening switch 68.
  • Containers 60,64 are for instance filled with demineralized water and function as temperature baths.
  • circuit 66 is closed by closing switch 68.
  • Container 62 is provided with an electrolyte.
  • salt is adsorbed to second electrode system 72 and desorbed from first electrode system 70.
  • circuit 66 is opened once again by opening switch 68.
  • the positions of electrode pairs 70,72 are switched relative to the first step.
  • electrode pairs 70,72 are once again placed in container 62 as in the second step (figure 9B) , so that adsorption and desorption take place and the cycle is complete.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé et un système de production d'électricité thermique d'une manière directe. L'invention porte plus particulièrement sur la production d'énergie à partir d'une différence de température. Le procédé consiste à : utiliser un contenant avec un électrolyte à une première température; placer dans le contenant au moins une électrode sélective d'anions et au moins une électrode sélective de cations ayant une capacité électrique; agencer une connexion électrique entre les électrodes; charger les électrodes avec la différence de potentiel résultante; et amener les électrodes en contact avec un électrolyte à une seconde température et décharger les électrodes.
PCT/NL2012/050671 2011-09-23 2012-09-24 Procédé et système de production d'électricité thermique directe WO2013043053A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12769762.1A EP2759010A1 (fr) 2011-09-23 2012-09-24 Procédé et système de production d'électricité thermique directe

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2007466 2011-09-23
NL2007466 2011-09-23
NL2008394A NL2008394C2 (nl) 2011-09-23 2012-03-01 Werkwijze en systeem voor directe thermische elektriciteitsopwekking.
NL2008394 2012-03-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013043053A1 true WO2013043053A1 (fr) 2013-03-28

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PCT/NL2012/050671 WO2013043053A1 (fr) 2011-09-23 2012-09-24 Procédé et système de production d'électricité thermique directe

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2759010A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL2008394C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013043053A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2980027A1 (fr) * 2014-07-29 2016-02-03 Voltea B.V. Utilisation d'un appareil destiné à l'élimination d'ions avec de l'eau chaude et froide
CN114759295A (zh) * 2022-06-15 2022-07-15 中国科学技术大学 一种利用低品位余热高效发电的电化学装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60243979A (ja) * 1984-05-18 1985-12-03 Toho Rayon Co Ltd 温度差電池
WO2008059297A1 (fr) * 2006-11-16 2008-05-22 Vasilios Styliaras Production d'énergie électrique par changement de température de solution cellulaire voltaïque
EP2113958A1 (fr) * 2008-04-29 2009-11-04 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Générateur thermoélectrique doté d'un élément de concentration
WO2010062175A1 (fr) 2008-11-26 2010-06-03 Stichting Wetsus Centre Of Excellence For Sustainable Water Technology Système de production d'énergie et procédé associé

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60243979A (ja) * 1984-05-18 1985-12-03 Toho Rayon Co Ltd 温度差電池
WO2008059297A1 (fr) * 2006-11-16 2008-05-22 Vasilios Styliaras Production d'énergie électrique par changement de température de solution cellulaire voltaïque
EP2113958A1 (fr) * 2008-04-29 2009-11-04 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Générateur thermoélectrique doté d'un élément de concentration
WO2010062175A1 (fr) 2008-11-26 2010-06-03 Stichting Wetsus Centre Of Excellence For Sustainable Water Technology Système de production d'énergie et procédé associé

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2980027A1 (fr) * 2014-07-29 2016-02-03 Voltea B.V. Utilisation d'un appareil destiné à l'élimination d'ions avec de l'eau chaude et froide
WO2016016313A1 (fr) * 2014-07-29 2016-02-04 Voltea B.V. Fonctionnement d'un appareil pour l'élimination d'ions au moyen d'eau chaude et froide
CN114759295A (zh) * 2022-06-15 2022-07-15 中国科学技术大学 一种利用低品位余热高效发电的电化学装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2759010A1 (fr) 2014-07-30
NL2008394C2 (nl) 2013-03-26

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