WO2013041737A1 - Electric power converter system with parallel units and fault tolerance - Google Patents
Electric power converter system with parallel units and fault tolerance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013041737A1 WO2013041737A1 PCT/ES2011/070662 ES2011070662W WO2013041737A1 WO 2013041737 A1 WO2013041737 A1 WO 2013041737A1 ES 2011070662 W ES2011070662 W ES 2011070662W WO 2013041737 A1 WO2013041737 A1 WO 2013041737A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- conversion
- units
- output current
- conversion units
- operational
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
- H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/327—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection against abnormal temperatures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
Definitions
- the present invention applies to the field of electric power supply, and more specifically, to the electric power converters between the supply network and the power generation and consumption equipment.
- one of the usual techniques is to use multiple parallel conversion units, so that for N units a total power equal to N times the power of each conversion unit is obtained.
- It is defined as a conversion unit, the electronic device that is responsible for adapting an input electrical energy, either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC), to characteristics imposed on the output thereof, said output being connected to a load or an energy evacuation point.
- AC alternating current
- DC direct current
- each conversion unit consists of a conversion module that connects to a generator (machine side conversion module) and a conversion module that connects to an electrical network (network side conversion module).
- Each module consists of power semiconductors such as, bipolar insulated gate transistors, (IGBT) of the "insulated gate bipolar transistor"), integrated gate switched thyristor (IGCT) and bipolar transistors of an insulated gate increased by injection (IEGT), which cut an input voltage through high frequency switching in order to obtain at the output a voltage whose instantaneous mean value is desired.
- IGBT bipolar insulated gate transistors
- IEGT integrated gate switched thyristor
- US 2006/0214428 presents a conversion system equipped with a reserve conversion unit, which is used when any of the other conversion units is out of service.
- WO2009 / 027520 takes advantage of the oversizing of the network side conversion modules in the output current, due to the low power factors required by the network codes.
- This invention has the disadvantage that in the event that if any of the conversion units is out of service, the conversion system does not have sufficient capacity to meet the network requirements for which it was designed.
- the object of the present invention is to provide the conversion system with greater availability with the necessary conversion units for which it has been designed to operate under nominal conditions.
- the present invention solves the problems described above by means of an electric power converter that adapts the maximum output current of the conversion modules that form it when any of the conversion units ceases to be operational (either partially or totally, that is, provided that said unit is not capable of generating the maximum current assigned to it).
- This invention is therefore especially useful in power generation systems. wind power, in which the space dedicated to the energy converter is very limited, although it can, however, be applied to any other environment.
- an electrical energy conversion system comprising at least two conversion units, each of which in turn comprises a first conversion module adapted to connect to an electrical network (which, for the sake of clarity, we will refer to this document as a network-side conversion module) and a second conversion module adapted to connect to an electrical generation device (which we will call in this document machine-side conversion module).
- Each conversion module has a maximum output current, thus leaving the output power of the system determined by said maximum currents.
- the system comprises control means that establish the maximum output current of the operational conversion modules, as well as the switching frequency of all or a subset of the operational conversion modules to thereby increase the availability of the failure conversion system.
- Control means adapted to:
- control means are either a single controller connected to all the conversion units and therefore set the maximum output current of the conversion modules that constitute them in a manner synchronized; or a plurality of independent controllers, each of which is connected to a conversion unit and controls it in isolation.
- a representative point of the conversion system for measuring the coolant temperature is the input of at least one of the conversion modules.
- the conversion system is valid for any configuration of the machine side conversion modules and the network side conversion modules, with two preferred options being a four quadrant configuration (4Q) and a passive configuration.
- an electric energy conversion method comprising the following steps:
- the operational conversion modules operate at the switching frequency set by the control means.
- Figure 1 shows a conventional DC / AC bi-level converter module according to the state of the art, in turn composed of three switching cells, one per phase.
- Figure 2 shows an electrical energy conversion system with four conversion units, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as well as an electrical network and an energy generating device as an example of interaction.
- Figure 3 shows an electrical energy conversion system according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, with two conversion units sharing the network filter RC.
- this invention when this invention is referred to as a coolant (for example, water), it is not limited to conversion systems exclusively for liquid cooling, but the concept must be extrapolated to systems that can be cooled by air.
- a coolant for example, water
- Figure 1 shows a conventional electric energy conversion module 1, with a bi-level DC / AC topology.
- the conversion module 1 is composed of as many switching cells 3 as active phases, and in turn, each of these switching cells 3 is composed of a plurality of power semiconductors 2 (in this example, two semiconductors 2 per cell of switching 3 as it is a bilevel system).
- Each switching cell 3 is responsible for setting to the output AC 4 the instantaneous average voltage required in the corresponding active phase. To do this, semiconductors 2 cut the DC 5 input voltage.
- conduction loss During its operation in conduction, there is also a loss energy that depends, for a given current, on the voltage drop that occurs between the collector and emitter of the semiconductor 2. This energy dissipation is called conduction loss.
- the average loss power of the power semiconductor 2 during a switching period can be expressed as:
- Pav Fswx j TM ' V (t). Item). dt
- Pav is the average power of losses
- Fsw is the frequency of switching
- Vl is the instantaneous power dissipated in semiconductor 2.
- the dissipated power in each power semiconductor 2 is transformed into heat, increasing the working temperature of the semiconductor 2.
- the thermal transfer that occurs in the semiconductor 2 due to its loss power is typically calculated by finite elements taking into account the three-dimensional system.
- the temperature at the junction of the semiconductor 2 can be represented by the following equations:
- TJIGBT Pav IGBT x (Rth ha + Rth ch + Rth jc ) + TA
- TjpwD Pav FWD x (Rth ha + Rth ch + Rth jc ) + TA
- Pavi GBT is the average power loss in the IGBT
- Pavpw B is the average power loss in the diode
- Rth ha is the thermal resistance presented by the radiator
- Rth ch is the thermal resistance of the cold plate (of the English "cold p ⁇ ate") of semiconductor 2
- Rth jc is the thermal resistance between the cold plate and the silicon junction
- T A is the ambient temperature.
- the equations described show how the temperature acquired by the power semiconductor 2 depends on the average power, which is directly related to the switching frequency. For a given conversion module with a specific radiator and IGBT (i.e. given thermal resistances), it depends on the temperature of the radiator, which in the case of a water-cooled radiator in turn depends on the temperature at the that the cooling water is found.
- the power semiconductors 2 are manufactured for a maximum working temperature, (being a typical value 125 5 C). However, in order to extend the life of semiconductor 2, semiconductor 2 is not allowed to exceed a maximum safety temperature (typical value 1 15 5 C). This maximum safety temperature limits the output current of the semiconductor 2 below the maximum current for which it has been designed, thus losing the conversion module 1 ability to evacuate power to the Use the maximum design output current.
- these same power semiconductors that are part of the conversion module 1 are capable of evacuating a greater current, in this example, of 1350A.
- this increase in the output current implies an increase in the temperature at the junction of the IGBT, (following the example, from 1 1 1 g C to 123 5 C), thus finding the power semiconductors 2 outside the safety margins imposed.
- the switching frequency (2KHz) while maintaining the output current (1350A), there is also a reduction in temperature (from 123 5 C to 1 13 5 C), once again within the design limits .
- the temperature at the junction is reduced in the same proportion.
- the maximum current that the different conversion modules 1 can handle is completely linked to the switching frequency of the semiconductors 2 and the coolant inlet temperature.
- FIG. 2 An example of a system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is presented in Figure 2.
- the system consists of four conversion units 14, each of which comprises a network side disconnector 6, a network filter 7, a first conversion module 8 AC / DC, a second conversion module 9 DC / AC, a dv / dt filter 10, a machine-side switch 1 1, and control means 12.
- the control means 12 in turn implements a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, as described below.
- the control means 12 comprise an independent controller in each conversion unit 14, but the option of using a single controller connected to all conversion units 14.
- the converter system is adapted to be connected at one end to an electrical network 15, and at another end to a power generation system 13.
- Said power generation system 13 can be a wind system, in which the power supply is especially useful. space saving derived from the present invention, but any other power generation system 13 is also valid. Additionally, the windings of both the network side and the machine side may be electrically decoupled.
- control means 12 modifies the output current of the rest of the operational conversion modules.
- Figure 3 shows a conversion system 16 formed by two conversion units 14, which share the RC (resistor and capacitor) of the network filter 7. Also, both conversion units 14 can share the entire network filter 7. again, in case of failure of one of the two conversion units 14, the control means 12 determine the switching frequency of the operating conversion module 14 as a function of the water inlet temperature and set a maximum output current of the Conversion unit 14 operative in order to increase the availability of the conversion system 16 in case of failure.
- Each conversion unit 14 also comprises a switch on the machine side 1 1 and a switch on DC 6, allowing the conversion unit 14 to be isolated out of service.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES2011/070662 WO2013041737A1 (es) | 2011-09-22 | 2011-09-22 | Electric power converter system with parallel units and fault tolerance |
EP11791010.9A EP2760120A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2011-09-22 | Electric power converter system with parallel units and fault tolerance |
BR112014007049-0A BR112014007049B1 (pt) | 2011-09-22 | 2011-09-22 | sistema e método de conversão de energia elétrica |
US14/346,654 US10680531B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2011-09-22 | Electric power converter system with parallel units and fault tolerance |
JP2014531282A JP6062946B2 (ja) | 2011-09-22 | 2011-09-22 | 電気エネルギー変換システム及び方法 |
KR1020147010402A KR101942609B1 (ko) | 2011-09-22 | 2011-09-22 | 병렬 유닛 및 내고장성을 갖는 전력 변환 시스템 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES2011/070662 WO2013041737A1 (es) | 2011-09-22 | 2011-09-22 | Electric power converter system with parallel units and fault tolerance |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2013041737A1 true WO2013041737A1 (es) | 2013-03-28 |
Family
ID=45093785
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES2011/070662 WO2013041737A1 (es) | 2011-09-22 | 2011-09-22 | Electric power converter system with parallel units and fault tolerance |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10680531B2 (es) |
EP (1) | EP2760120A1 (es) |
JP (1) | JP6062946B2 (es) |
KR (1) | KR101942609B1 (es) |
BR (1) | BR112014007049B1 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2013041737A1 (es) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9419442B2 (en) | 2012-08-14 | 2016-08-16 | Kr Design House, Inc. | Renewable energy power distribution system |
CN106153208A (zh) * | 2015-05-12 | 2016-11-23 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | 无需使用专用温度估计或测量装置的在线igbt结的温度估计 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB201718315D0 (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2017-12-20 | Owen Mumford Ltd | Auto-injector |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE19748479C1 (de) * | 1997-11-03 | 1999-04-15 | Aloys Wobben | Pulswechselrichter mit variabler Pulsfrequenz und Windenergieanlage mit einem Pulswechselrichter |
WO2005027301A1 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2005-03-24 | General Electric Company | Method for operating a frequency converter of a generator |
US20060214428A1 (en) | 2003-06-16 | 2006-09-28 | Repower Systems Ag | Wind farm |
WO2009027520A2 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-05 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Modular converter system with interchangeable converter modules |
WO2010079235A2 (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2010-07-15 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Load dependent converter switching frequency |
US20110133461A1 (en) * | 2011-01-17 | 2011-06-09 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Operating Wind Turbines Under Converter Faults |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7808780B2 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2010-10-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Variable flow computer cooling system for a data center and method of operation |
JP2011135713A (ja) * | 2009-12-25 | 2011-07-07 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電動機駆動制御装置 |
-
2011
- 2011-09-22 JP JP2014531282A patent/JP6062946B2/ja active Active
- 2011-09-22 BR BR112014007049-0A patent/BR112014007049B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2011-09-22 WO PCT/ES2011/070662 patent/WO2013041737A1/es active Application Filing
- 2011-09-22 US US14/346,654 patent/US10680531B2/en active Active
- 2011-09-22 KR KR1020147010402A patent/KR101942609B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2011-09-22 EP EP11791010.9A patent/EP2760120A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19748479C1 (de) * | 1997-11-03 | 1999-04-15 | Aloys Wobben | Pulswechselrichter mit variabler Pulsfrequenz und Windenergieanlage mit einem Pulswechselrichter |
US20060214428A1 (en) | 2003-06-16 | 2006-09-28 | Repower Systems Ag | Wind farm |
WO2005027301A1 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2005-03-24 | General Electric Company | Method for operating a frequency converter of a generator |
WO2009027520A2 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-05 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Modular converter system with interchangeable converter modules |
WO2010079235A2 (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2010-07-15 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Load dependent converter switching frequency |
US20110133461A1 (en) * | 2011-01-17 | 2011-06-09 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Operating Wind Turbines Under Converter Faults |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP2760120A1 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9419442B2 (en) | 2012-08-14 | 2016-08-16 | Kr Design House, Inc. | Renewable energy power distribution system |
CN106153208A (zh) * | 2015-05-12 | 2016-11-23 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | 无需使用专用温度估计或测量装置的在线igbt结的温度估计 |
CN106153208B (zh) * | 2015-05-12 | 2019-08-20 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | 无需使用专用温度估计或测量装置的在线igbt结的温度估计 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20140312704A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
KR101942609B1 (ko) | 2019-01-25 |
JP2014526878A (ja) | 2014-10-06 |
US10680531B2 (en) | 2020-06-09 |
BR112014007049B1 (pt) | 2020-12-29 |
KR20140064983A (ko) | 2014-05-28 |
BR112014007049A2 (pt) | 2017-03-28 |
JP6062946B2 (ja) | 2017-01-18 |
EP2760120A1 (en) | 2014-07-30 |
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