WO2013041289A1 - Module de préchambre pour bougie d'allumage laser - Google Patents

Module de préchambre pour bougie d'allumage laser Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013041289A1
WO2013041289A1 PCT/EP2012/065292 EP2012065292W WO2013041289A1 WO 2013041289 A1 WO2013041289 A1 WO 2013041289A1 EP 2012065292 W EP2012065292 W EP 2012065292W WO 2013041289 A1 WO2013041289 A1 WO 2013041289A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
module
space
interior
spark plug
secondary fluid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/065292
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Pascal Woerner
Joerg Engelhardt
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2013041289A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013041289A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P23/00—Other ignition
    • F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/12—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with positive ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/16—Chamber shapes or constructions not specific to sub-groups F02B19/02 - F02B19/10
    • F02B19/18—Transfer passages between chamber and cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P13/00—Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a prechamber module for a laser spark plug, wherein the prechamber module has at least one primary fluid channel in a combustion chamber facing end region which allows fluid communication between an interior of the prechamber module and an outer space surrounding the prechamber module.
  • the prechamber module has, in a end region remote from the combustion chamber, diaphragm means which delimit an interior of the prechamber module in the axial direction and an opening for the radiation of
  • Such diaphragm means are also referred to as "light path elements", because they by virtue of their opening at the same time the radiation of in the
  • Combustion chamber window by reducing their aperture effect. Preferred are the
  • Aperture means designed so that the irradiation opening for the irradiation of laser radiation is only slightly larger than the beam cross section of the laser radiation concerned in order to allow a particularly effective shielding of the optical components of the laser spark plug. Disclosure of the invention
  • the diaphragm means have at least one secondary fluid channel, the fluid communication between a defined by the opening of the diaphragm means diaphragm space and the
  • the at least one secondary fluid channel realizes an immediate fluid connection between the outer space and the diaphragm space, i. without the interior of the antechamber is part of the secondary fluid channel.
  • the outer space which may be, for example, a main combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine having the laser spark plug, it is ensured that, for example, in the case of a pressure increase, the pressure increase from the
  • fluid from the main combustion chamber can thus flow directly into the interior of the pre-chamber module via the primary fluid channels
  • the fluid can advantageously also flow directly from the main combustion chamber into the diaphragm chamber, namely via the secondary fluid channels according to the invention, so that the formation of a fluid flow from the interior in the aperture space iw can be avoided.
  • the pre-chamber module is particularly advantageously designed so that the primary and secondary fluid channels are at least in cross-section with respect to one another and to the volume of one
  • Interior of the prechamber module and the volume of the aperture space are tuned that a temporal change in the pressure of a fluid located in the outer space in the aperture space
  • Sets pressure change which is the amount of greater than or equal to a temporal pressure change in the interior.
  • Pre-chamber, aperture space are taken into account in the design, resulting in a particularly efficient loading of the aperture space.
  • Fluid channels with respect to a volume of the interior space is smaller than a ratio of a sum of the flow cross sections of the secondary fluid channels with respect to a volume of the diaphragm space.
  • Suitable relations of the geometries of the primary and secondary fluid channels in each case based on the volume to be charged can be determined in a manner known per se,
  • the embodiment described above in which the aggregated flow cross sections are related to the respective volume to be charged, can be used advantageously.
  • At least one secondary fluid channel has, at least in sections, means for flow guidance, which are designed to impart a tangential component to a fluid flow passing in the axial direction of the fluid channel.
  • the means for flow guidance for example, so be interpreted that they do not substantially affect a fluid transport from the main combustion chamber directly into the diaphragm space, while at least one direction for deflecting the fluid flowing through, so that at least relatively heavy dirt particles precipitate due to the directional deflection, for example, on the walls of the secondary fluid channels, not However, they are placed in the aperture space, where they could possibly be reflected on the optics of the laser spark plug.
  • At least one secondary fluid channel has at least one bend, whereby a particularly effective separation of particles flowing through in the region of the bend is provided.
  • the secondary fluid channel in the region of the bend can also have at least one blind hole-like extension which is located approximately in a direction of movement of the main fluid flow (when loading the diaphragm space with fluid from the outer space) upstream of the bend, whereby a particularly efficient collection of particles upstream of the bend Aperture space is given and at the same time prevents an excessive entry of dirt particles the effective
  • At least one secondary fluid channel at least in sections each has a different cross-section, which also advantageous
  • a stepped bore can be arranged in a wall region of the diaphragm means extending radially to the optical axis of the laser spark plug, which is designed such that a section of the secondary fluid channel opening directly into the diaphragm chamber has a smaller diameter than an adjoining this section upstream further section.
  • an end region of at least one secondary fluid channel arranged in the region of the diaphragm means projects onto a radially outer region of the diaphragm
  • this may be a precipitation of particles on an optic of the subsequent to the pre-chamber module Laser spark plug, wherein the particles according to the orientation of the end portion of the secondary fluid channel but advantageously reflected in a radially outer side of the combustion chamber window and thus do not affect the transmission of laser radiation from the laser spark plug into the interior of the prechamber, as this takes place in a radially inner region ,
  • an end region arranged in the region of the diaphragm means has at least one secondary fluid channel in the direction of the combustion chamber facing end region of the pre-chamber module, thereby advantageously reversing the direction of a fluid flowing through the secondary fluid channel with respect to an axial main direction that is collinear the optical axis of the laser spark plug, takes place.
  • the opening of the diaphragm means has a substantially truncated cone shape, wherein a cover surface in the region of the interior of the prechamber module and a
  • Bottom surface which is larger than the top surface, is arranged in a vorhuntabgewandten region of the diaphragm means.
  • a laser spark plug for example for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle or a stationary large gas engine or the like, can be provided particularly advantageously, which has a prechamber module which, in use, together with the prechamber module reduces or completely prevents the contamination of an optic of the laser spark plug.
  • At least one section of at least one secondary fluid channel is at least partially formed by a region of a housing of the laser spark plug.
  • Laser spark plug cooperate with components of the prechamber module to form at least a portion of at least one secondary fluid channel. In this way, there are further degrees of freedom with regard to the spatial arrangement or design of the secondary fluid channels.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a partial cross section of an antechamber module according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a partial cross section of an antechamber module according to a second embodiment
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic sectional view of the FIG.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a partial cross section of an antechamber module according to a third embodiment
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a perspective sectional view of the pre-chamber module according to FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows a partial cross section of an antechamber module according to a fourth embodiment
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic sectional view of the FIG
  • FIG. 8 schematically shows a partial cross section of an antechamber module according to a further embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically in partial cross-section a prechamber module 110 for a laser spark plug 100, which for reasons of clarity is indicated in FIG. 1 only in the left-hand area.
  • the pre-chamber module 110 is connected in a manner known per se with the laser spark plug 100 in such a way that the laser radiation L generated by the laser spark plug 100 is guided through an optical system 104, for example a combustion chamber window 104, which is located in the region of the
  • Prechamber module 1 10 facing the end of the laser spark plug 100 is disposed in the interior I of the pre-chamber 1 10 is einstrahlbar.
  • the prechamber module 1 10 also has as a "lightpath element"
  • the Lightpath element 1 12 advantageously allows through its opening 1 12a the irradiation of the laser radiation L from the laser spark plug 100 into the interior I of the pre-chamber module 1 10 and simultaneously shields an outer surface 104a of the combustion chamber window 104 at least partially mechanically from the interior I, so that in the interior I occurring dirt particles are prevented from precipitating on the outer surface 104 a of the combustion chamber window 104.
  • the laser radiation L provided by the laser spark plug 100 is focused onto an ignition point ZP lying in the interior I.
  • the diaphragm means 1 12 and the light path element 1 12 limit the interior I of the pre-chamber module 1 10 in the axial direction RA.
  • a combustion chamber facing end portion 1 10a of the pre-chamber module 1 10 has primary fluid channels PF1, PF2, PF3, PF4, which allow a fluid exchange between the interior I of the pre-chamber module 1 10 and the outer chamber A surrounding the pre-chamber module 1 10.
  • the exterior space A may, for example, be a combustion chamber 200 of an internal combustion engine, when the pre-chamber module 1 10 is installed with its associated laser spark plug 100 in a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine.
  • the prechamber module 110 has at least one secondary fluid channel SF1, which is present , as can be seen from Figure 1, is formed essentially by a radial opening of a wall of the Lightpath element 1 12.
  • the secondary fluid channel SF1 advantageously enables the direct exchange of fluid between the outer space A and a volume referred to below as the diaphragm space BR, which is defined by the approximately frusto-conical opening 12a of the diaphragm means 112.
  • the secondary fluid channel SF1 opens in the present case with its end SF1 'directly into the lateral surface of the opening of the diaphragm means 1 12th
  • Aperture space BR yields.
  • Fluid channels SF1 and the volumes of the interior I and the aperture space BR successive can be advantageously ensured according to the invention that at a pressure build-up in the outer space A, a temporal change in the fluid pressure (pressure build-up) sets in the aperture space BR, which is at least as large as the temporal change of the fluid pressure in the interior I, so that no flow in the axial direction results on the combustion chamber window 104 through the diaphragm space BR.
  • the fluid channels according to the invention can even be designed and tuned to the volumes I, BR, that at least a slight resulting fluid flow from the aperture space BR results in the interior I, so that it is ensured that no dirt particles from the
  • Outer space A and aperture space BR, as formed by the secondary fluid channel SF1, is to be understood as meaning a fluid connection between the components A, BR, which does not include the prechamber volume, that is to say the interior I.
  • a fluid flow resulting in a pressure increase in the outer space A through the secondary fluid channel SF1 into the diaphragm space BR is designated in FIG. 1 by the reference symbol FS1.
  • the further fluid flow FS2 designates in FIG. 1 the known inflow of fluid from the outer space A through the primary fluid passages into the inner space I of FIG
  • Prechamber or the prechamber module 1 Prechamber or the prechamber module 1 10.
  • Figure 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention, in which a total of two secondary fluid channels SF1, SF2 are provided, so that in relation to the configuration of Figure 1 improved inflow into the
  • Aperture space BR yields. A resulting fluid flow in the case of
  • Fluid channels SF1, SF2 - in contrast to the variant of the invention according to Figure 1 - not only by radial openings, in particular holes, in the
  • the secondary fluid channel SF1 is formed according to the invention variant of Figure 2 by an approximately radially arranged stepped bore in the diaphragm means 1 12 and an annular space or ring segment space SF1_1, which is substantially parallel to an optical axis of the pre-chamber module 1 10 and the longitudinal axis of the laser spark plug 100 ( Figure 1).
  • the section SF1_1 of the secondary fluid channel SF1 is according to another variant of the invention advantageously together by an outer area of the
  • the second secondary fluid channel SF2 of the arrangement according to FIG. 2 can have the same construction as the first secondary fluid channel SF1 or else a different construction.
  • Figure 3 shows a perspective sectional view of the pre-chamber module 1 10 of Figure 2. As is further apparent from Figure 3, another
  • means 1 14 for flow guidance may also be provided, which are designed to impart a tangential component to a fluid flow passing in the axial direction.
  • the means 1 14 for flow guidance are also shown in the cross section of Figure 2.
  • Flow guidance is advantageously the precipitation of dirt particles, which may be contained in the fluid flow FS1 of the secondary or the fluid channels SF1, SF2 favors.
  • Wall walls of the fluid channels SF1, SF2 precipitate before passing through the
  • Stepped holes would enter through the aperture space BR.
  • Flow guide advantageously be arranged on the pre-chamber module 1 10 that they define together with the housing portion 102 a of the laser spark plug 100 a flow channel or a plurality of flow channels with the function described above.
  • the secondary fluid channels may also be completely integrated into a wall of the pre-chamber module 110 (not shown).
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the invention
  • the secondary fluid channel SF1 in the radially outer region of the diaphragm means 1 12 has a kink between a first region which is substantially parallel to the optical axis of the laser spark plug 100 and the prechamber module 1 10 and a second region formed by a stepped bore whose longitudinal axis is arranged substantially perpendicular to the optical axis of the system.
  • at least one blind hole SF1_2 can advantageously also be provided, in which dirt particles entrained by the fluid flow flowing through the secondary fluid channel SF1 can collect.
  • the interior I of the prechamber module 110 can also be designed and arranged asymmetrically or not concentrically with respect to an optical axis of the prechamber module 110, which also applies in particular to the channel PF1, so that in a fluid exchange with other areas BR, A can advantageously set a turbulent flow in the interior space I.
  • FIG. 5 shows a perspective sectional view of the prechamber module 1 10 according to FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of the invention, in which the
  • Secondary fluid channels SF1, SF2 each have two kinks.
  • a respective end section of the secondary fluid channels SF1, SF2 is aligned such that its longitudinal axis points substantially perpendicular to a radially outer area of the outer surface 104a of the combustion chamber window 104, so that dirt particles entrained in the fluid flows through the channels SF1, SF2 may be present Substantially precipitate on the radially outer regions of the outer surface 104 a of the combustion chamber window 104, but not reach the optically active radially inner region of the combustion chamber window 104.
  • FIG. 7 shows a perspective sectional view of the pre-chamber module 1 10 according to FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 shows a partial cross section of a further embodiment of the prechamber module 1 10.
  • an end region SF1 'of the secondary fluid channels SF1 arranged in the region of the diaphragm means 12 has in the direction of the combustion chamber facing
  • End portion 1 10a of the prechamber module 1 10 and not in the direction of
  • Combustion chamber window 104 Combustion chamber window 104.
  • Aperture BR in the interior I supports or a flow in
  • the pre-chamber module 1 10 according to the invention can be another
  • Embodiment detachably connected to the remaining housing 102 of the
  • Laser spark plug 100 be formed connectable, so that a simple maintenance of the laser spark plug 100 or a cleaning of the
  • Vorschmoduls 1 10 after separating the components 100, 1 10 from each other is possible.
  • the prechamber module 110 may also be designed so that it can not be connected inseparably to the laser spark plug 100.
  • Cross-sectional area so one another and on the volume of the spaces I, BR is advantageously carried out by simulation tools, in which the resulting
  • Flows in the region of the pre-chamber module 1 10, in particular in the diaphragm space BR and the interior I, depending on the respective geometries of the components 1 10, I, BR, SF1, .., PF1, .. can be modulated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un module de préchambre (110) pour une bougie d'allumage laser (100), le module de préchambre (110) comportant dans une zone d'extrémité tournée vers la chambre de combustion (110a) au moins un canal de fluide primaire (PF1, PF2, PF3, PF4) permettant une liaison fluidique entre un espace intérieur (I) du module de préchambre (110) et un espace extérieur (A) entourant le module de préchambre (110). Le module de préchambre (110) comporte dans une zone d'extrémité tournée à l'opposé de la chambre de combustion (110b) des moyens formant diaphragme (112) délimitant un espace intérieur (l) du module de préchambre (110) dans la direction axiale (RA) et comportant une ouverture (112a) destinée à l'injection d'un faisceau laser (L) provenant de la bougie d'allumage laser (100) dans l'espace intérieur (I) du module de préchambre (110). Ledit module de préchambre est caractérisé en ce que les moyens formant diaphragme (112) comportent au moins un canal de fluide secondaire (SF1, SF2) établissant une liaison fluidique entre un espace de diaphragme (BR) desdits moyens formant diaphragme (112), défini par l'ouverture (112a), et l'espace extérieur (A).
PCT/EP2012/065292 2011-09-21 2012-08-03 Module de préchambre pour bougie d'allumage laser WO2013041289A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011083143.6 2011-09-21
DE102011083143A DE102011083143A1 (de) 2011-09-21 2011-09-21 Vorkammermodul für eine Laserzündkerze

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013041289A1 true WO2013041289A1 (fr) 2013-03-28

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WO (1) WO2013041289A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10208653B2 (en) 2015-12-14 2019-02-19 Caterpillar Energy Solutions Gmbh Pre-chamber of an internal combustion engine
US10584639B2 (en) 2014-08-18 2020-03-10 Woodward, Inc. Torch igniter
US11421601B2 (en) 2019-03-28 2022-08-23 Woodward, Inc. Second stage combustion for igniter

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US10557407B2 (en) 2011-07-28 2020-02-11 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Rotary internal combustion engine with pilot subchamber
US9038594B2 (en) 2011-07-28 2015-05-26 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Rotary internal combustion engine with pilot subchamber
US10544732B2 (en) 2011-07-28 2020-01-28 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Rotary internal combustion engine with removable subchamber insert
US9528434B1 (en) 2011-07-28 2016-12-27 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Rotary internal combustion engine with pilot subchamber
JP6478509B2 (ja) 2014-07-31 2019-03-06 株式会社Ｓｏｋｅｎ レーザ点火装置
US10041402B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2018-08-07 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Internal combustion engine with split pilot injection
US10145291B1 (en) 2017-10-10 2018-12-04 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Rotary engine and method of combusting fuel
US10801394B2 (en) 2017-11-29 2020-10-13 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Rotary engine with pilot subchambers

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2916285A1 (de) * 1979-04-21 1980-11-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur entflammung magerer kraftstoff/luftgemische
DE102006018973A1 (de) * 2006-04-25 2007-10-31 Kuhnert-Latsch-GbR (vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter Herr Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Latsch, 76530 Baden-Baden) Laserzündung in einer Vorkammer
EP2072803A2 (fr) * 2007-12-19 2009-06-24 GE Jenbacher GmbH & Co OHG Dispositif d'allumage d'un mélange carburant-air dans une chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne
DE102009000956A1 (de) * 2009-02-18 2010-08-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündkerze und Vorkammermodul hierfür
DE102009047021A1 (de) * 2009-11-23 2011-05-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündkerze

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2916285A1 (de) * 1979-04-21 1980-11-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur entflammung magerer kraftstoff/luftgemische
DE102006018973A1 (de) * 2006-04-25 2007-10-31 Kuhnert-Latsch-GbR (vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter Herr Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Latsch, 76530 Baden-Baden) Laserzündung in einer Vorkammer
EP2072803A2 (fr) * 2007-12-19 2009-06-24 GE Jenbacher GmbH & Co OHG Dispositif d'allumage d'un mélange carburant-air dans une chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne
DE102009000956A1 (de) * 2009-02-18 2010-08-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündkerze und Vorkammermodul hierfür
DE102009047021A1 (de) * 2009-11-23 2011-05-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündkerze

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10584639B2 (en) 2014-08-18 2020-03-10 Woodward, Inc. Torch igniter
US10208653B2 (en) 2015-12-14 2019-02-19 Caterpillar Energy Solutions Gmbh Pre-chamber of an internal combustion engine
US11421601B2 (en) 2019-03-28 2022-08-23 Woodward, Inc. Second stage combustion for igniter
US11965466B2 (en) 2019-03-28 2024-04-23 Woodward, Inc. Second stage combustion for igniter

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