WO2013040745A1 - 一种钻机的钻杆带杆监测方法、控制器及系统和钻机 - Google Patents
一种钻机的钻杆带杆监测方法、控制器及系统和钻机 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013040745A1 WO2013040745A1 PCT/CN2011/079835 CN2011079835W WO2013040745A1 WO 2013040745 A1 WO2013040745 A1 WO 2013040745A1 CN 2011079835 W CN2011079835 W CN 2011079835W WO 2013040745 A1 WO2013040745 A1 WO 2013040745A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- drill pipe
- rod
- drill
- tensile force
- section
- Prior art date
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/02—Drilling rigs characterised by means for land transport with their own drive, e.g. skid mounting or wheel mounting
- E21B7/022—Control of the drilling operation; Hydraulic or pneumatic means for activation or operation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of construction machinery, and in particular to a drill rod rod monitoring method, a controller, a monitoring system and a drilling machine having the same. Background technique
- Rotary drilling rigs usually use telescopic drill pipes.
- the telescopic drill pipes will be lifted in sections from the inside to the outside.
- the drill pipe may be abnormally upgraded and contracted. As long as any outer drill pipe is contracted before the inner drill pipe, it is proved to be stuck with the inner joint or Engagement, this is called "strap".
- the object of the present invention is to provide a drill rod rod monitoring method for a drilling machine, which can detect the failure of the drill rod by a simple means in time.
- the present invention provides a drill pipe rod monitoring method for a drilling machine, the drilling machine comprising a multi-section drill pipe, a power head for pressurizing the drill pipe, and a pressurizing device for pressurizing the power head
- the present invention also provides a drill pipe rod monitoring controller for a drilling machine, the drilling machine comprising a multi-section drill pipe, a power head for pressurizing the drill pipe, and a pressurizing device for pressurizing the power head,
- the input module is configured to collect a position signal of the drill pipe and an actual pulling force f of the pressing device, and transmit the position signal of the drill pipe and the actual pulling force to the processing module;
- the processing module is configured to determine, according to the received position signal of the drill pipe, that the lifted drill pipe is the i-th segment, and determine the corresponding rated tensile force for the i-th segment by the lifted drill pipe, and compare the The actual tensile force and the rated tensile force are transmitted to the output module; and the output module is configured to output, when the comparison result is that the actual tensile force is less than the rated tensile force, outputting the indication that the i-th drill pipe occurs signal of.
- the present invention also provides a drill pipe rod monitoring system for a drilling machine, the drilling machine comprising a multi-section drill pipe, a power head for pressurizing the drill pipe, and a pressurizing device for pressurizing the power head, drilling
- the detection device including a first sensor for measuring an actual tensile force of the pressing device and a second sensor for detecting a position of the drill rod, the controller being According to the controller provided by the present invention, the first sensor and the second sensor are connected to an input module of the controller, The display device performs display according to the controller output signal.
- the present invention also provides a drilling machine, wherein the drilling machine has the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention, and the present invention measures the tensile force of the pressing device for pressurizing the power head, and is combined with the lifted
- the drill rod determines the rated tensile force of the pressing device for the judgment of the i-th section, and when the actual tensile force is less than the rated tensile force, it is considered that the rod is generated by the i-th drill pipe.
- the above technical solution is less sensitive to external disturbances in monitoring the actual tensile force of the pressurizing device, and the measurement result is more accurate.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of a rotary drilling rig according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the end of a drill pipe in accordance with the present invention. Description of the reference numerals
- the rig's pressurizing device 1 is used to provide pressure to the drill pipe while the drill pipe is in operation. When the drill pipe is lifted, the outermost drill pipe falls on the power head 2 through the follower frame, and its weight is received by the power head. The power head is connected to the pressurizing device 1, so that the weight of the power head is transmitted to the pressurizing device 1.
- each drill pipe has a guide ring 5 at the top; in addition to the innermost drill pipe, the inner surface of each drill pipe bottom has an inner key 6; the innermost drill pipe has a rope puller at the top 7
- the rope puller 7 is connected to the wire rope of the main hoisting 4, the bottom of the innermost drill pipe has a tray 8, and the bottom end of the innermost drill pipe is connected with the drill hopper 9.
- the weight of the soil in the bucket and the bucket 9 is always transmitted to the main winch 4 through the innermost drill pipe.
- the tensile force is f 1;
- the present invention provides a method for monitoring the rod rod phenomenon of the drill rod in order to avoid the danger caused by the drilling machine continuing to work when the drill rod has a rod phenomenon during the working process, and the method first determines that the current rod is lifted. Which drill pipe is the drill pipe, and the actual tensile force f of the pressurizing device 1 is measured, and then the actual tensile force is compared with the rated tensile force, and when the actual tensile force is less than the rated tensile force, the first The i-drill pipe occurs with a rod.
- the present invention measures the tensile force of the pressurizing device 1 for pressurizing the power head.
- the pulling force of the pressurizing device 1 is substantially equal to the weight of the unrecovered drill pipe and the power head. with.
- Another way of measuring the main hoisting 4 pull force commonly used in the prior art is that the main hoist 4 is subjected to the weight of the drill pipe in the contracted state, and the drill hopper 9 to which the bottom end of the innermost drill pipe is connected The weight, therefore, if there is soil in the drill, etc., it will cause errors, and because of the different working places, the density and volume of the soil in the drill pipe are very different, so even if the soil factor is taken into account It is also difficult to avoid errors.
- the method for monitoring the actual tensile force of the pressurizing device 1 employed by the present invention is less subject to external disturbances and the measurement results are more accurate.
- the weight of the i-th drill pipe and each drill pipe therein is received by the main hoisting 4, and the rated tensile force in the present invention refers to the tensile value of the pressing device 1,
- the greater the weight of the drill pipe that the main winch 4 is subjected to the smaller the tensile force that the pressurizing device 1 is subjected to, so that the rated tensile force of each drill pipe must be increased with the currently drilled drill pipe. Decreasing from the inside out.
- the weight of the i-1th drill pipe is also The main hoisting 4 is subjected, so the actual pulling force of the pressing device 1 is also less than the rated pulling force, so that it is possible to further determine which section or sections of the drill pipe are brought according to the range of values of the actual pulling force.
- the present invention utilizes the pressurizing device 1 to take up the weight of all of the fully extended drill pipe and power head 2 during the lifting of the i-th drill pipe, so the rated tensile force needs to be determined in advance as a reference for comparison. Since the tensile force of the pressing device 1 mainly includes the weight of each section of the drill pipe, the sum of the weight of all the fully extended drill pipes carried by the pressing device 1 and the weight of the power head 2 is used to indicate the magnitude of the rated tensile force. .
- the rated tensile force of the drill pipe of the first section is measured by an experiment of lifting the tension of the i-th drill pipe in advance.
- the rated tensile force in the present invention can be obtained and determined in various ways.
- the above definition of the rated tensile force is given according to the definition of the rated tensile force, but the rated tensile force is not limited to being determined by the above manner, but also For example, it is obtained in advance by experiments.
- the rig upgrades each section of the drill pipe in turn, and measures the tension of each section of the drill pipe separately without the occurrence of the rod, thereby increasing the rated tension of the section of the drill pipe.
- the rated tensile force measured by the above experiment may be slightly different from the above-mentioned rated tensile force calculated by the gravity of each section of the drill pipe, because during the experiment it may be due to friction or other drill pipe such as drill bit or The influence of components such as the rig, or interference from other influencing factors during the operation of the rig. Therefore, when the above rated tensile force is preset, the above-mentioned two methods of determining the rated tensile force can be combined to determine a reasonable rated tensile force value.
- the drilling machine comprises a wire rope of a main hoisting 4, detecting a contraction length S of the current main hoisting wire rope, if Then the drill pipe being lifted is the i-th drill pipe, and the maximum elongation of the i-th drill pipe is.
- the hoisted drill pipe is the ith section. Since the innermost drill pipe is pulled upward through the wire rope of the main hoisting 4, the length of the wire rope contraction of the main hoisting 4 is the drill pipe lifting. height.
- the method in the foregoing preferred embodiment is to judge the lifted drill pipe as the i-th section by the movement of the main hoisting wire rope, but since the power head also moves up and down, another preferred embodiment of the present invention provides A judgment method that takes the position of the power head 2 into consideration and makes the judgment result more accurate.
- the above calculation method is to measure the distance between the end of the drill pipe and the power head, and then remove the length of the first drill pipe, that is, the length of the outermost drill pipe, and the drill pipe can be obtained from the first drill pipe. length.
- the length of the entire drill pipe should be between 1 ⁇ + ⁇ +! ⁇ ! ⁇ +...+! Between ⁇ , when it is judged that L 1 + + L 1 _ 1 ⁇ E ⁇ L 1 + + L 1 , the drill pipe being lifted is the drill pipe described in the i-th section.
- the first method of directly judging according to the contraction length of the main hoisting wire rope is relatively simple, but since the power head 2 can also move up and down, there is an error, and the accuracy is low, but only the contraction length of the main hoisting wire rope needs to be measured.
- a physical quantity; the second method takes the position of the power head 2 Considering it, but at least the height of the power head 2 from the ground and the depth of the end of the drill pipe need to be measured. The measurement method is more complicated, but the accuracy is improved.
- the pressurizing device 1 is a pressurizing cylinder or a pressurizing hoist.
- the main power supply for the power head 2 on the market is a pressurized cylinder and a pressurized winch.
- the pressurized cylinder can directly supply pressure and tension to the power head.
- the pressure winch is connected to the power head from the upper and lower directions through two ropes, and provides upward or downward pulling force to the power head through forward or reverse rotation. . Both types of pressurizing devices 1 can be used in the present invention.
- the input module is configured to collect a position signal of the drill pipe and an actual pulling force f of the pressing device 1, and transmit the position signal of the drill pipe and the actual pulling force to the processing module;
- the processing module is configured to determine, according to the received position signal of the drill pipe, that the drill pipe to be lifted is the i-th segment, and determine the corresponding rated tensile force for the i-th segment by the lifted drill pipe, and compare The actual tensile force and the rated tensile force, and the comparison result is transmitted to the output module; the output module is configured to output the indication that the i-th drill pipe occurs when the comparison result is that the actual tensile force is less than the rated tensile force Signal with a rod.
- the present invention provides a controller for monitoring a drill pipe rod with a rod in order to avoid the danger caused by the boring machine in the course of working, in order to prevent the drill pipe from continuing to work with the rod.
- the input module of the controller receives and The signal related to the position of the drill pipe to be lifted and the actual tension signal of the pressurizing device 1 first determine which drill pipe the drill pipe is currently being lifted, and measure the actual pull force f of the pressurizing device 1, and then Comparing the actual tensile force with the rated tensile force, when the actual tensile force is less than the rated tensile force, it can be determined that the rod of the i-th drill pipe is generated.
- the controller of the present invention employs a scheme for monitoring the tension of the pressurizing device 1 for pressurizing the power head.
- the pulling force of the pressing device 1 is substantially equal to The sum of the weight of the recovered drill pipe and the power head 2.
- the controller that generally uses the tension to monitor the main winch 4 in the prior art, since the main winch is subjected to the weight of the drill pipe in the contracted state, and the weight of the drill pipe 9 to which the bottom end of the innermost drill pipe is connected, Therefore, if there is mud or the like in the bucket 9 during the measurement, errors will occur, and the density and volume of the soil in the bucket 9 will be greatly different due to the different working places, so even if the soil factor is taken into consideration It is difficult to avoid errors.
- the controller of the present invention receives less external disturbances to the actual tension of the pressurizing device 1, and the measurement result is more accurate.
- the weight of the i-th drill pipe and each drill pipe therein is received by the main hoist 14, and the rated tensile force in the present invention refers to the tensile value of the pressurizing device 11,
- the greater the weight of the drill pipe that the main hoisting 14 is subjected to the smaller the tensile force that the pressurizing device 11 is subjected to, so that the rated tensile force of each drill pipe must be increased with the currently drilled pipe. Decreasing from the inside out.
- the weight of the i-1th drill pipe is also The main hoisting 14 is subjected, so the actual pulling force of the pressing device 11 is also less than the rated pulling force, so that it is possible to further determine which section or sections of the drill pipe are brought according to the range of values of the actual pulling force.
- the gravity of the i-th drill pipe is the gravity of the first drill pipe, and the gravity of the power head 2 is G Q , the FFGW'+G ⁇
- the processing module of the present invention needs to set the rated tensile force as a reference for comparison. Since the tensile force of the pressing device 1 mainly includes the weight of each of the drill pipes, the sum of the weight of all the fully extended drill pipes carried by the pressing device 1 and the weight of the power head 2 indicates that the rated tensile force is large. small. According to the calculation method in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rated tension can be conveniently preset for the processing module.
- the rated tensile force of the drill pipe of the i-th section is measured by an experiment of lifting the tensile force of the drill pipe in advance.
- the rated tensile force in the present invention can be obtained and determined in various ways.
- the above definition of the rated tensile force is given according to the definition of the rated tensile force, but the rated tensile force is not limited to being determined by the above manner, but also For example, it is obtained in advance by experiments.
- the rig upgrades each section of the drill pipe in turn, and measures the tension of each section of the drill pipe separately without the occurrence of the rod, thereby increasing the rated tension of the section of the drill pipe.
- the rated tensile force measured by the above experiment may be slightly different from the above-mentioned rated tensile force calculated by the gravity of each section of the drill pipe, because during the experiment it may be due to friction or other drill pipe such as drill bit or The influence of components such as the rig, or interference from other influencing factors during the operation of the rig. Therefore, when the above rated tensile force is preset, the above-mentioned two methods of determining the rated tensile force can be combined to determine a reasonable rated tensile force value.
- the drilling machine comprises a wire rope of a main hoisting 4, the input module receiving a signal of a contraction length S of the wire rope of the main hoisting 4, the processing module judging when! ⁇ +... + ⁇ 8 ⁇ + ⁇ + When ⁇ is lifted, the drill pipe is the i-th drill pipe, and the maximum elongation of the i-th drill pipe is .
- the processing module in order to determine the rated tension of the pressurizing device 1, the processing module first determines which section of the drill pipe being lifted, and therefore requires a signal regarding the position of the drill pipe being lifted. Since the innermost drill pipe is pulled upward through the wire rope of the main hoisting 4, the length of the wire rope contraction of the main hoisting 4 is the height at which the drill pipe is lifted, and the input module receives the signal for processing the module for judgment.
- the processing module judges the contraction length S of the wire rope of the main hoist 4 detected by the input module Within this range, the drill pipe being lifted is the i-th section.
- the input module receives a signal of a depth D in the ground at the end of the drill pipe, a signal of the height H of the power head from the ground, a signal of a length T of the first drill pipe, and the processing module calculates the
- the input module of the controller receives the contraction length signal of the wire rope of the main hoist 4, but since the power head 2 also moves up and down, the processing module only depends on the contraction length of the wire rope of the main hoisting 4 Judging is easy to produce errors.
- the input module receives a signal of the height of the power head 2 from the ground and the depth of the underground end of the drill pipe, and then removes the length of the first section of the drill pipe, that is, the outermost layer.
- the length of the drill pipe allows the length of the drill pipe to extend from the first drill pipe.
- the processing module determines that the drill pipe being lifted is the drill pipe described in the ith section.
- the process module of the present invention determines that the drill pipe being lifted is the i-th section.
- the first method of directly judging according to the contraction length of the main hoisting wire rope is relatively simple, but since the power head 2 can also move up and down, there is an error, and the accuracy is low, but only the contraction length of the main hoisting wire rope needs to be measured.
- a physical quantity; the second method takes into account the position of the power head 2, but at least the height of the power head 2 from the ground and the depth of the end of the drill pipe need to be measured. The measurement method is complicated, but the accuracy is improved.
- the rod monitoring system includes a detecting device, a controller and a display device, the detecting device including an actual pulling force for measuring the pressing device 1 a first sensor 3 and a second sensor for detecting a position of the drill rod, the controller being the above-described controller provided according to the present invention, the first sensor 3 and the second sensor and the controller
- the input module is connected, and the display device displays according to the controller output signal.
- the present invention provides a belt monitoring system for monitoring a drill pipe rod with a rod in order to avoid the danger caused by the drilling machine in order to prevent the drilling rod from continuing to work when the rod is in operation.
- the rod monitoring system includes a detecting device, a controller and an alarm device, wherein the controller is configured to output a signal indicating that the rod of the i-th drill pipe is generated, and the alarm device alarms according to the signal output by the controller that the i-th drill pipe generates a rod.
- the detecting device comprises a first sensor 3 for measuring the actual pulling force of the pressing device 1 and a second sensor for detecting the position of the drill rod.
- the input module of the controller transmits the value of the actual pulling force of the pressing device 1 from the first sensor 3 and the value of the position of the drill pipe from the second sensor to the processing Module, the processing module first determines which section of the drill pipe is currently being lifted according to the measured value of the sensor, and measures the actual tensile force f of the pressurizing device 1, and compares the actual tensile force with the rated tensile force When the actual tensile force is less than the rated tensile force, it can be determined that the rod of the i-th drill pipe occurs.
- the rod monitoring system of the present invention employs a scheme for monitoring the tension of the pressurizing device 1 for pressurizing the power head.
- the pulling force of the pressing device 1 is substantially equal to the sum of the weights of the unretracted drill pipe and the power head 2.
- the controller which is commonly used in the prior art to monitor the tension of the main winch 4 since the main winch is subjected to the weight of the drill pipe in the contracted state, and the weight of the drill pipe 9 to which the bottom end of the innermost drill pipe is connected, Therefore, if there is dirt or the like in the bucket 9 during the measurement, errors will occur, and the density and volume of the soil in the bucket 9 will be greatly different due to the different working places, so even if the soil factor is taken into consideration It is difficult to avoid errors.
- the rod monitoring system of the present invention receives less external disturbances to the actual tension of the pressurizing device 1 and the measurement results are more accurate.
- the processing module is further configured to determine a value of q when F q+1 , and the output module is further configured to output the indication q to i-1 when ⁇ 1, ⁇ , ⁇ -2
- the weight of the i-th drill pipe and each drill pipe therein is received by the main hoist 14, and the rated tensile force in the present invention refers to the tension value of the pressurizing device 11,
- the greater the weight of the drill pipe that the main hoisting 14 is subjected to the smaller the tensile force that the pressurizing device 11 is subjected to, so that the rated tensile force of each drill pipe must be increased with the currently drilled pipe. Decreasing from the inside out.
- the weight of the i-1th drill pipe is also The main hoisting 14 is subjected, so the actual pulling force of the pressing device 11 is also less than the rated pulling force, so that it is possible to further determine which section or sections of the drill pipe are brought according to the range of values of the actual pulling force.
- the gravity of the i-th drill pipe is the gravity of the first drill pipe, and the gravity of the power head 2 is G.
- the FFGW '+GW, i 2, 3, ⁇ , N.
- the rod monitoring system of the present invention requires the setting of the rated tensile force as a reference for comparison of the comparison modules of the controller. Since the tensile force of the pressing device 1 mainly includes the weight of each of the drill pipes, the sum of the weight of all the fully extended drill pipes and the weight of the power head 2 carried by the pressing device 1 indicates the magnitude of the rated tensile force. . According to the calculation method in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rated tension can be easily preset for the processing module.
- the rated tensile force of the drill pipe of the first section is measured by an experiment of lifting the tension of the i-th drill pipe in advance.
- the rated tensile force in the present invention can be obtained and determined in various ways.
- the above definition of the rated tensile force is given according to the definition of the rated tensile force, but the rated tensile force is not limited to being determined by the above manner, but also For example, it is obtained in advance by experiments.
- the drilling rig sequentially raises each section of the drill pipe, and measures the pulling force of each of the drill pipe separately without causing the rod as a lifting force of the drill pipe.
- the measured tensile force value may be slightly different from the value of the rated tensile force calculated by the gravity of each drill pipe mentioned above, because during the experiment it may be due to friction or other drill pipe or other components of the drill.
- the drilling machine comprises a wire rope of a main hoisting 4, the second sensor comprising a depth sensor, the depth sensor measuring a contraction length S of the wire rope of the main hoisting 4, if! ⁇ +... +L,
- the drill pipe being lifted is the i-th drill pipe, and the maximum elongation of the i-th drill pipe is
- the processing module of the controller in order to determine the rated tension of the pressurizing device 1, the processing module of the controller first determines which section of the drill pipe being lifted, and therefore requires a signal of the position of the drill pipe being lifted. Since the innermost drill pipe is pulled upward through the wire rope of the main hoisting 4, the length of the wire rope contraction of the main hoisting 4 is the height at which the drill pipe is lifted, and the second sensor can detect the contraction length of the wire rope of the main hoisting 4 And thus transferred to the processing module of the controller for calculation and processing.
- the depth sensor as the second sensor is typically mounted on the main hoisting shaft.
- the mounting position of the above depth sensor is not limited to the preferred case in the present embodiment, and the depth sensor can be mounted at any suitable position.
- the processing module judges that the contraction length S of the wire rope of the main hoisting 4 detected by the input module is within this range, the lifted drill pipe is the ith section.
- the second sensor comprises a depth sensor and a distance sensor, the depth sensor measuring a depth value D of a ground in which the end of the drill pipe is located, the distance sensor measuring the height H of the power head from the ground, known or handmade Measuring the length T of the first section of the drill pipe, then the end of the drill pipe
- the rod monitoring system detects the signal of the height of the power head 2 from the ground and the depth of the underground end of the drill rod by using the second sensor, and then uses the detected value. After summing and subtracting the length of the first section of the drill pipe (ie the length of the outermost drill pipe), the length of the drill pipe extending from the first section of the drill pipe can be obtained. When the current i-th drill pipe is stretched, the length of the entire drill pipe should be between! ⁇ +...+! ⁇ And! ⁇ +...+! ⁇ Between, when! ⁇ +...
- the processing module determines that the drill pipe being lifted is the drill pipe described in Section i.
- the process module of the present invention determines that the drill pipe being lifted is the i-th section.
- the first method of directly judging according to the contraction length of the main hoisting wire rope is relatively simple, but since the power head 2 can also move up and down, there is an error, and the accuracy is low, but only the contraction length of the main hoisting wire rope needs to be measured.
- a physical quantity; the second method takes into account the position of the power head 2, but at least the height of the power head 2 from the ground and the depth of the end of the drill pipe need to be measured. The measurement method is complicated, but the accuracy is improved.
- the depth sensor is typically mounted on a main hoisting shaft that is typically mounted on the mast of the rig.
- the present invention does not limit the mounting positions of the depth sensor and the distance sensor described above, and any suitable mounting position can be applied to the present invention.
- the pressurizing device 1 is a pressurizing cylinder or a pressurizing hoist.
- the pressurized cylinder can directly supply pressure and tension to the power head.
- the pressure winch is connected to the power head from the upper and lower directions through two ropes, and provides upward or downward pulling force to the power head through forward or reverse rotation.
- Both types of pressurizing devices 1 can be used in the present invention.
- the first sensor 3 is a pressure sensor.
- the first sensor 3 is used for detecting The pulling force provided by the pressurizing device 1.
- the first sensor 3 is usually mounted on the lower chamber oil passage.
- the first sensor 3 can be mounted at any appropriate position, and the present invention does not limit the mounting position of the first sensor 3.
- the display device comprises one or more of a display, an audible alarm and an optical alarm.
- the alarm device of the present invention can use the display to display the measurement result of the rod of the i-th drill pipe in detail, or use a simple buzzer or the like.
- a light alarm such as an alarm or indicator light indicates that the current drill rod has a broken rod.
- the alarm device can be specifically selected according to the needs of the actual application.
- the drill pipe is a friction drill pipe, a machine lock drill pipe or a combined drill pipe.
- the rod monitoring system of the present invention is preferably applicable to the plurality of types of drill rods described above.
- the present invention provides a drilling machine, wherein the drilling machine has the above-described belt monitoring system of the present invention.
- the rig can monitor the rod failure of the drill pipe in real time through the above-mentioned rod monitoring system of the present invention, thereby being able to detect and avoid more serious failures such as damage to the drill rod in time.
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Abstract
一种钻机的钻杆带杆监测方法,钻机包括多节钻杆、对钻杆加压的动力头(2)和对动力头加压的加压装置(1),钻杆从外向内分别为第1节至第i节,其中i=2,3,···,Ν,该带杆监测方法包括:检测确定被提升的钻杆为第i节钻杆,并检测此时加压装置(1)的实际拉力为fi;对比实际拉力fi和预先设定的该第i节钻杆的额定拉力Fi,当实际拉力fi小于额定拉力Fi,确定第i节钻杆发生带杆。还提供了能够实现上述监测方法的控制器、监测系统以及具有该监测系统的钻机。对加压装置的实际拉力的监测所受到的外界干扰小,测量结果准确。
Description
一种钻机的钻杆带杆监测方法、 控制器及系统和钻机 技术领域
本发明涉及工程机械领域, 具体地, 涉及一种钻机的钻杆带杆监测方 法、 控制器、 监测系统以及具有该监测系统的钻机。 背景技术
目前, 旋挖钻机的应用日益广泛。 旋挖钻机通常采用伸缩式钻杆, 在 该伸缩式钻杆的提钻作业中, 伸缩钻杆将按照由内到外的顺序逐节提升。 但是, 由于很多难以控制的原因会导致钻杆出现非正常顺序提升收缩的现 象, 只要任意外节钻杆先于其内节钻杆收缩, 就证明其与内节杆之间发生 了卡滞或接合, 这就是所谓的 "带杆"。
在这种 "带杆"状态下, 当钻杆被提到一定高度后, 如果 "带杆" 的 状态由于钻杆旋转或者机器振动等原因而解除, 发生卡滞或接合的钻杆会 自由下落, 从而对钻机的动力头造成冲击, 可能会对动力头系统的损坏的 严重后果。 "带杆"故障是造成钻机部件损坏和施工事故的主要原因之一。
为了减小钻杆在 "带杆"状态解除后对动力头造成的损坏, 现有技术 通常在动力头上安装缓冲弹簧、 阻尼器或橡胶缓冲垫, 从而尽可能减少钻 杆 "带杆"状态解除时产生的冲击力和破坏后果。 另外, 目前也有一些对 "带杆"状态的监测方法和监测装置, 但是在利用这些监测方法进行监测 时, 影响监测结果的因素很多, 因此精确度都不高。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种钻机的钻杆带杆监测方法, 该方法能够通过 简单的手段来及时发现钻杆的带杆故障。
为了实现上述目的, 本发明提供一种钻机的钻杆带杆监测方法, 所述 钻机包括多节钻杆、 对所述钻杆加压的动力头和对所述动力头加压的加压 装置, 钻杆从外向内分别为第 1节至第 N节, 其中 ί=2,3 ··,Ν, 其中, 该带 杆监测方法包括:
检测确定被提升的钻杆为第 i节钻杆,并检测此时所述加压装置的实际 拉力为 f1;
对比所述实际拉力 和预先设定的该第 i节钻杆的所述额定拉力 当 所述实际拉力 小于所述额定拉力 确定第 i节钻杆发生带杆。
另外, 本发明还提供一种钻机的钻杆带杆监测控制器, 所述钻机包括 多节钻杆、 对所述钻杆加压的动力头和对所述动力头加压的加压装置, 钻 杆从外向内分别为第 1节至第 N节, 其中 ί=2,3,···,Ν,所述控制器包括依次 连接的输入模块、 处理模块和输出模块, 其中:
所述输入模块用于采集所述钻杆的位置信号和所述加压装置的实际拉 力 f,, 并将所述钻杆的位置信号和所述实际拉力 传送到处理模块;
所述处理模块用于根据接收到的所述钻杆的位置信号判断被提升的钻 杆为第 i节、 通过被提升的所述钻杆为第 i节确定相应的额定拉力为 、 对 比所述实际拉力 与所述额定拉力 、 并将对比结果传送到输出模块; 所述输出模块用于在对比结果为所述实际拉力 小于所述额定拉力 的情况下, 输出指示第 i节钻杆发生带杆的信号。
另外, 本发明还提供一种钻机的钻杆带杆监测系统, 所述钻机包括多 节钻杆、 对所述钻杆加压的动力头和对所述动力头加压的加压装置, 钻杆 从外向内分别为第 1节至第 N节, 其中 ί=2,3,···,Ν,所述加压装置用于对所 述动力头加压, 其中, 所述带杆监测系统包括检测装置、 控制器和显示装 置, 所述检测装置包括用于测量所述加压装置的实际拉力的第一传感器和 用于检测所述钻杆的位置的第二传感器, 所述控制器为根据本发明所提供 的控制器, 所述第一传感器和第二传感器与所述控制器的输入模块连接,
所述显示装置根据所述控制器输出信号进行显示。
另外, 本发明还提供一种钻机, 其中, 所述钻机具有本发明的带杆监 通过上述技术方案, 本发明对为动力头加压的加压装置的拉力进行测 量, 并结合对被提升的钻杆为第 i节的判断确定加压装置的额定拉力, 当所 述实际拉力小于所述额定拉力时认为第 i节钻杆发生带杆。上述技术方案对 加压装置的实际拉力的监测所受到的外界干扰更小, 测量结果更加准确。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说 明。 附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 并且构成说明书的一部分, 与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明, 但并不构成对本发明的限制。 在附图中:
图 1是根据本发明的旋挖钻机的优选实施方式示意图;
图 2是根据本发明的钻杆末端示意图。 附图标记说明
1加压装置 2 动力头
3 第一传感器 4 主卷扬
5 导向环 6 内键
7 提绳器 8 托盘
9 钻斗
D 钻杆末端所处地下的深度
H动力头距地面的高度
T第 1节钻杆的长度
E钻杆末端的伸出长度 具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是, 此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明, 并不用于限制本发 明。
为了便于理解本发明的技术方案, 首先介绍钻机在提升钻杆时的各部 分的工作情况。
在钻杆工作时, 钻机的加压装置 1 用于为钻杆提供压力。 当提升钻杆 时, 最外层钻杆通过随动架落在动力头 2上, 其重量由动力头承受。 动力 头与加压装置 1连接, 因此动力头所承受的重量传递给加压装置 1承受。 除了最外节钻杆外, 每节钻杆顶部都有导向环 5; 除最内节钻杆外, 每节钻 杆底部内表面具有内键 6; 最内节钻杆顶部有提绳器 7, 该提绳器 7连接着 主卷扬 4的钢丝绳, 最内节钻杆底部具有托盘 8, 并且最内节钻杆底端连接 有钻斗 9。 当第 i节钻杆从第 i-1节钻杆中并未完全伸出时, 该第 i节钻杆 的底端必然落在托盘 8上, 因此其重量通过托盘 8以及最内节钻杆传递给 主卷扬 4承受; 当第 i节钻杆完全伸出时, 该第 i节钻杆的底端已经脱离托 盘 8, 因此其顶端的导向环 5必然落在上一节钻杆的内键 6上, 因此其重量 通过上一节钻杆逐节传递, 最后由动力头 2传递给加压装置 1承受。 因此, 第 i节钻杆是否完全伸出决定了其重量由主卷扬 4承受还是由加压装置 1 承受。 其中, 钻斗以及钻斗 9 内装载的土质的重量则始终通过最内节钻杆 传递给主卷扬 4承受。
本发明提供一种钻机的钻杆带杆监测方法, 所述钻机包括多节钻杆、 对所述钻杆加压的动力头 2和对所述动力头加压的加压装置 1,钻杆从外向 内分别为第 1节至第 N节, 其中 ί=2,3,···,Ν, 该带杆监测方法包括:
检测确定被提升的钻杆为第 i节钻杆,并检测此时所述加压装置 1的实
际拉力为 f1;
对比所述实际拉力 和预先设定的该第 i节钻杆的所述额定拉力 当 所述实际拉力 小于所述额定拉力 , 确定第 i节钻杆发生带杆。
由于在工作过程中, 钻机为了避免钻机的钻杆发生带杆现象时继续工 作所导致的危险, 本发明提供一种对钻杆的带杆现象进行监测的方法, 该 方法首先要确定当前被提升的钻杆为哪一节钻杆, 以及测量加压装置 1 的 实际拉力 f,,再将所述实际拉力 和所述额定拉力 对比, 当所述实际拉力 小于所述额定拉力 时即可判断第 i节钻杆发生带杆。
由此可见, 本发明对为动力头加压的加压装置 1 的拉力进行测量, 在 钻杆提升的过程中, 该加压装置 1 的拉力基本等于未收回的钻杆和动力头 的重量的和。对于现有技术中通常使用的另一种测量主卷扬 4拉力的方式, 由于主卷扬 4承受的是收缩状态的钻杆的重量, 以及最内节钻杆底端所连 接的钻斗 9的重量, 因此在测量时, 如果钻斗内具有泥土等就会造成误差, 并且由于工作地点的不同, 钻斗内泥土的密度和体积都有着很大的区别, 所以即使将泥土的因素考虑进来也很难避免误差。 本发明采用的对加压装 置 1的实际拉力的监测的方法所受到的外界干扰更小, 测量结果更加准确。
在主卷扬提升第 i节钻杆时, 第 i节钻杆及其内的各钻杆的重量都由主 卷扬 4承受, 而本发明中的额定拉力指加压装置 1的拉力值, 从上文的介 绍中可知, 主卷扬 4承受的钻杆重量越大, 加压装置 1承受的拉力就越小, 因此提升每节钻杆的额定拉力必定是随着当前被提升的钻杆从内向外逐渐 减小的。 因此, 当第 i-1节钻杆被带杆 (即指第 i-1节钻杆与其外节钻杆 i 之间发生了带杆现象) 时, 第 i-1节钻杆的重量也由主卷扬 4承受, 所以加 压装置 1 的实际拉力也就要小于额定拉力, 由此可以根据实际拉力 的值 的范围进一步确定哪节或者哪些节的钻杆被带杆。
优选地, 以第 1节钻杆为基准杆, 第 i节钻杆的最大伸长量为 其中 =0, 所述额定拉力 为第 i节钻杆在其最大伸长量 内正常提升时所述 加压装 1的拉力的值。
更优选的, 设所述第 i节钻杆的重力为 第 1节钻杆的重力为 所述动力头 2的重力为 GQ, 所述 F1=GQ+'"+G1_1。
本发明利用加压装置 1在第 i节钻杆提升的过程中承担所有完全伸出的 钻杆和动力头 2的重量, 因此需要预先测定额定拉力 作为比较的基准。 由于加压装置 1所承受的拉力主要包括各节钻杆的重量,因此用加压装置 1 所承载所有完全伸出的钻杆的重量和动力头 2 的重量的和来表示该额定拉 力 的大小。
优选地, 第 i节所述钻杆的所述额定拉力 通过预先进行的提升第 i 节钻杆时拉力的实验测得。
本发明中的所述额定拉力 可以通过多种方式获得和确定, 以上根据 额定拉力 的定义给出了从理论上确定该额定拉力 的方式, 但是额定拉 力 并不仅限于通过上述方式确定, 还可以通过例如预先进行实验的方式 获得。 钻机依次提升每一节钻杆, 并且在不发生带杆的情况下分别测量提 升每节钻杆的拉力, 以此作为提升该节钻杆的额定拉力。 通过上述实验测 量出的额定拉力值可能会与上述通过各节钻杆的重力计算的额定拉力的值 略有不同, 这是因为在实验的过程中可能会由于摩擦力或者钻头等其他钻 杆或钻机的部件等的影响, 或者由于钻机工作过程中其他影响因素的干扰。 因此, 在预设上述额定拉力 时, 可以综合考虑上述因素, 将以上例举的 两种额定拉力 的确定方法结合在一起, 确定合理的额定拉力 的值。
在本发明中, 为了确定加压装置 1 的额定拉力, 首先要确定被提升的
钻杆是哪一节, 这样才能通过上述方式计算额定拉力的值。 这里提供了一 种确定被提升钻杆为第 i节的优选实施方式, 由于最内层钻杆通过主卷扬 4 的钢丝绳向上牵引, 因此主卷扬 4 的钢丝绳收缩的长度就是钻杆提升的高 度。
由于第 i节钻杆的最大伸长量为 最外节的第 1节钻杆由于不能伸缩 所以 =0, 这样, 第 i节钻杆的最大伸缩范围就是!^, 而在当前的第 i节钻 杆发生伸缩时, 整个钻杆的长度范围应该是介于!^+…+!^和 +···+ 之 间, 因此当检测到的主卷扬钢丝绳的收缩长度 S在这个范围内时, 被提升 的钻杆为第 i节。
优选地, 测量钻杆末端所处地下的深度 D, 所述动力头 2距地面的高 度 H, 所述第 1节钻杆的长度 T, 则所述钻杆末端的伸出长度 E=D+H-T, 如果
则被提升的钻杆为第 i节钻杆, 第 i节钻杆的 最大伸长量为
前面的优选实施方式中的方法是通过主卷扬钢丝绳的运动来判断被提 升的钻杆为第 i节,但是由于动力头也会发生上下移动, 因此本发明的另一 种优选实施方式提供了一种判断方式, 该方式将动力头 2的位置考虑进来, 判断结果更加准确。
上述计算方式是测量钻杆末端和动力头之间的距离, 再去掉第 1 节钻 杆的长度, 即最外层钻杆的长度, 就可以得到钻杆从第 1 节钻杆中伸出的 长度。 在当前的第 i 节钻杆发生伸缩时, 整个钻杆的长度范围应该是介于 1^+···+!^禾卩!^+…+!^之间, 当判断 L1+ +L1_1<E<L1+ +L1时则被提升的 钻杆为第 i节所述钻杆。
以上描述了本发明例举的两种判断被提升的钻杆为第 i 节的方式。 其 中, 第一种根据主卷扬钢丝绳的收缩长度来直接判断的方法比较简单, 但 是由于动力头 2也能够上下移动而存在误差, 准确度较低, 但是仅需要测 量主卷扬钢丝绳收缩长度这一个物理量; 第二种方法将动力头 2 的位置考
虑进来, 但是至少需要测量动力头 2距地面的高度和钻杆的末端的深度, 测量方法较为复杂, 但提高了准确性。
优选地, 所述加压装置 1为加压油缸或者加压卷扬。
目前市面上为动力头 2提供动力的主要有加压油缸和加压卷扬这两种 形式。 加压油缸可以直接向动力头提供压力和拉力, 加压卷扬则是通过两 根钢丝绳从上下两个方向与动力头连接, 通过正转或反转来向动力头提供 向上或向下的拉力。 这两种形式的加压装置 1都可以用于本发明中。
另外, 本发明还提供一种钻机的钻杆带杆监测控制器, 所述钻机包括 多节钻杆、对所述钻杆加压的动力头 2和对所述动力头 2加压的加压装置 1, 钻杆从外向内分别为第 1节至第 N节, 其中 ί=2,3,···,Ν,所述控制器包括依 次连接的输入模块、 处理模块和输出模块, 其中:
所述输入模块用于采集所述钻杆的位置信号和所述加压装置 1 的实际 拉力 f,, 并将所述钻杆的位置信号和所述实际拉力 传送到处理模块;
所述处理模块用于根据接收到的所述钻杆的位置信号判断被提升的所 述钻杆为第 i节、通过被提升的所述钻杆为第 i节确定相应的额定拉力为 、 对比所述实际拉力 与所述额定拉力 、 并将对比结果传送到输出模块; 所述输出模块用于在对比结果为所述实际拉力 小于所述额定拉力 的情况下, 输出指示第 i节钻杆发生带杆的信号。
由于在工作过程中, 钻机为了避免钻机的钻杆发生带杆现象时继续工 作所导致的危险, 本发明提供一种用于监测钻机钻杆带杆的控制器, 该控 制器的输入模块接收和被提升的钻杆的位置有关的信号和加压装置 1 的实 际拉力信号首先要确定当前被提升的钻杆为哪一节钻杆, 以及测量加压装 置 1的实际拉力 f,,再将所述实际拉力 和所述额定拉力 对比, 当所述实 际拉力 小于所述额定拉力 时即可判断第 i节钻杆发生带杆。
由此可见, 本发明的控制器采用对为动力头加压的加压装置 1 的拉力 进行监测的方案。 在钻杆提升的过程中, 该加压装置 1 的拉力基本等于未
收回的钻杆和动力头 2的重量的和。对于现有技术中通常使用监测主卷扬 4 的拉力的控制器, 由于主卷扬承受的是收缩状态的钻杆的重量, 以及最内 节钻杆底端所连接的钻斗 9的重量, 因此在测量时, 如果钻斗 9内具有泥 土等就会造成误差, 并且由于工作地点的不同, 钻斗 9 内泥土的密度和体 积都有着很大的区别, 所以即使将泥土的因素考虑进来也很难避免误差。 本发明的控制器对加压装置 1 的实际拉力的监测所受到的外界干扰更小, 测量结果更加准确。
优选地,所述处理模块还用于确定
Fq+1时 q的值, 所述输出模块 还用于当 ίρ1,···,ί-2的情况下输出指示第 q节至第 i-1节钻杆被带杆的信号, 当 q=i-l的情况下输出指示第 i-1节钻杆被带杆的信号。
在主卷扬提升第 i节钻杆时, 第 i节钻杆及其内的各钻杆的重量都由主 卷扬 14承受, 而本发明中的额定拉力指加压装置 11 的拉力值, 从上文的 介绍中可知, 主卷扬 14承受的钻杆重量越大, 加压装置 11承受的拉力就 越小, 因此提升每节钻杆的额定拉力必定是随着当前被提升的钻杆从内向 外逐渐减小的。 因此, 当第 i-1节钻杆被带杆 (即指第 i-1节钻杆与其外节 钻杆 i之间发生了带杆现象) 时, 第 i-1节钻杆的重量也由主卷扬 14承受, 所以加压装置 11的实际拉力也就要小于额定拉力, 由此可以根据实际拉力 的值的范围进一步确定哪节或者哪些节的钻杆被带杆。
优选地, 以第 1节钻杆为基准杆, 第 i节钻杆的最大伸长量为!^, 其中 =0, 所述额定拉力 为第 i节钻杆在其最大伸长量 内正常提升时所述 加压装置 1的拉力的值。
更优选的, 设第 i节钻杆的重力为 第 1节钻杆的重力为 所述 动力头 2的重力为 GQ, 所述 FFGW'+G^
本发明的处理模块需要设置额定拉力 作为比较的基准。 由于加压装 置 1所承受的拉力主要包括各节钻杆的重量, 因此用加压装置 1所承载所 有完全伸出的钻杆的重量和动力头 2的重量的和来表示该额定拉力 的大
小。 根据本发明优选实施方式中的计算方法, 可以很方便地为处理模块预 设额定拉力 。
优选地, 所述第 i节所述钻杆的所述额定拉力 通过预先进行的提升 第 i节所述钻杆时拉力的实验测得。
本发明中的所述额定拉力 可以通过多种方式获得和确定, 以上根据 额定拉力 的定义给出了从理论上确定该额定拉力 的方式, 但是额定拉 力 并不仅限于通过上述方式确定, 还可以通过例如预先进行实验的方式 获得。 钻机依次提升每一节钻杆, 并且在不发生带杆的情况下分别测量提 升每节钻杆的拉力, 以此作为提升该节钻杆的额定拉力。 通过上述实验测 量出的额定拉力值可能会与上述通过各节钻杆的重力计算的额定拉力的值 略有不同, 这是因为在实验的过程中可能会由于摩擦力或者钻头等其他钻 杆或钻机的部件等的影响, 或者由于钻机工作过程中其他影响因素的干扰。 因此, 在预设上述额定拉力 时, 可以综合考虑上述因素, 将以上例举的 两种额定拉力 的确定方法结合在一起, 确定合理的额定拉力 的值。
优选地, 所述钻机包括主卷扬 4 的钢丝绳, 所述输入模块接收所述主 卷扬 4 的钢丝绳的收缩长度 S 的信号, 所述处理模块判断当 !^+… +Ι^<8< +···+Ι^时被提升的钻杆为第 i节钻杆, 第 i节钻杆的最大伸长量 为 。
在本发明中, 处理模块为了确定加压装置 1 的额定拉力, 首先要确定 被提升的钻杆是哪一节, 因此需要有关被提升的钻杆的位置的信号。 由于 最内层钻杆通过主卷扬 4的钢丝绳向上牵引, 因此主卷扬 4的钢丝绳收缩 的长度就是钻杆提升的高度, 输入模块接收该信号以便处理模块进行判断。
由于第 i节钻杆的最大伸长量为 最外节的第 1节钻杆由于不能伸缩 所以 =0, 这样, 第 i节钻杆的最大伸缩范围就是!^, 而在当前的第 i节钻 杆发生伸缩时, 整个钻杆的长度范围应该是介于!^+…+!^和!^+…+!^之 间,因此当处理模块判断输入模块检测到的主卷扬 4的钢丝绳的收缩长度 S
在这个范围内时, 被提升的钻杆为第 i节。
优选地, 所述输入模块接收钻杆末端所处地下的深度 D的信号, 所述 动力头距地面的高度 H的信号, 第 1节钻杆的长度 T的信号, 所述处理模 块计算所述钻杆末端的伸出长度为 E=D+H-T, 并判断当 L1+〜
i节钻杆, 第 i节钻杆的最大伸长量 为 。
前面的优选实施方式中, 控制器的输入模块接收主卷扬 4 的钢丝绳的 收缩长度信号, 但是由于动力头 2也会发生上下移动, 因此处理模块仅根 据主卷扬 4 的钢丝绳的收缩长度来进行判断很容易产生误差。 本发明的另 一种优选实施方式的控制器, 输入模块接收动力头 2 的距地面的高度和钻 杆末端所处地下的深度的信号, 再去掉第 1 节钻杆的长度, 即最外层钻杆 的长度, 就可以得到钻杆从第 1节钻杆中伸出的长度。在当前的第 i节钻杆 发生伸缩时, 整个钻杆的长度范围应该是介于 Lf+Lw和!^+…+!^之间, 当 L1+〜+L1_1<E<L1+-+L f则处理模块判断被提升的钻杆为第 i节所述钻 杆。
以上描述了本发明例举的处理模块的两种判断被提升的钻杆为第 i节 的方式。 其中, 第一种根据主卷扬钢丝绳的收缩长度来直接判断的方法比 较简单, 但是由于动力头 2也能够上下移动而存在误差, 准确度较低, 但 是仅需要测量主卷扬钢丝绳收缩长度这一个物理量;第二种方法将动力头 2 的位置考虑进来, 但是至少需要测量动力头 2距地面的高度和钻杆的末端 的深度, 测量方法较为复杂, 但提高了准确性。
另外, 本发明还提供了一种钻机的钻杆带杆监测系统, 所述钻机包括 多节钻杆、对所述钻杆加压的动力头 2和对所述动力头 2加压的加压装置 1, 钻杆从外向内分别为第 1节至第 N节, 其中 ί=2,3 ··,Ν, 所述加压装置 1 用于对所述动力头 2加压, 其中, 所述带杆监测系统包括检测装置、 控制 器和显示装置, 所述检测装置包括用于测量所述加压装置 1 的实际拉力的
第一传感器 3和用于检测所述钻杆的位置的第二传感器, 所述控制器为根 据本发明所提供的上述控制器, 所述第一传感器 3和第二传感器与所述控 制器的输入模块连接, 所述显示装置根据所述控制器输出信号进行显示。
由于在工作过程中, 钻机为了避免钻机的钻杆发生带杆现象时继续工 作所导致的危险, 本发明提供一种用于监测钻机钻杆带杆的带杆监测系统, 该带杆监测系统包括检测装置、 控制器和报警装置, 该控制器用于输出指 示第 i节钻杆发生带杆的信号, 该报警装置根据所述控制器输出的指示第 i 节钻杆发生带杆的信号进行报警, 所述检测装置包括用于测量所述加压装 置 1的实际拉力的第一传感器 3和用于检测所述钻杆的位置的第二传感器。 其中, 该控制器所述输入模块将来自所述第一传感器 3 的所述加压装置 1 的实际拉力的值和来自所述第二传感器的所述钻杆的位置的值传送到所述 处理模块, 该处理模块首先要根据传感器的测量值确定当前被提升的钻杆 为哪一节钻杆, 以及测量加压装置 1 的实际拉力 f,, 再将所述实际拉力 和所述额定拉力 对比, 当所述实际拉力 小于所述额定拉力 时即可判 断第 i节钻杆发生带杆。
由此可见, 本发明的带杆监测系统采用对为动力头加压的加压装置 1 的拉力进行监测的方案。 在钻杆提升的过程中, 该加压装置 1 的拉力基本 等于未收回的钻杆和动力头 2 的重量的和。 对于现有技术中通常使用监测 主卷扬 4 的拉力的控制器, 由于主卷扬承受的是收缩状态的钻杆的重量, 以及最内节钻杆底端所连接的钻斗 9 的重量, 因此在测量时, 如果钻斗 9 内具有泥土等就会造成误差, 并且由于工作地点的不同, 钻斗 9 内泥土的 密度和体积都有着很大的区别, 所以即使将泥土的因素考虑进来也很难避 免误差。 本发明的带杆监测系统对加压装置 1 的实际拉力的监测所受到的 外界干扰更小, 测量结果更加准确。
优选地,所述处理模块还用于确定 Fq+1时 q的值, 所述输出模块 还用于当 ίρ1,···,ί-2的情况下输出指示第 q节至第 i-1节钻杆被带杆的信号,
当 q=i-l的情况下输出指示第 i-1节钻杆被带杆的信号。
在主卷扬提升第 i节钻杆时,第 i节钻杆及其内的各钻杆的重量都由主 卷扬 14承受, 而本发明中的额定拉力指加压装置 11 的拉力值, 从上文的 介绍中可知, 主卷扬 14承受的钻杆重量越大, 加压装置 11承受的拉力就 越小, 因此提升每节钻杆的额定拉力必定是随着当前被提升的钻杆从内向 外逐渐减小的。 因此, 当第 i-1节钻杆被带杆 (即指第 i-1节钻杆与其外节 钻杆 i之间发生了带杆现象) 时, 第 i-1节钻杆的重量也由主卷扬 14承受, 所以加压装置 11的实际拉力也就要小于额定拉力, 由此可以根据实际拉力 的值的范围进一步确定哪节或者哪些节的钻杆被带杆。
优选地, 以第 1节钻杆为基准杆, 第 i节钻杆的最大伸长量为!^, 其中 =0, 所述额定拉力 为所述第 i节钻杆在其最大伸长量 内正常提升时 所述加压装置 1的拉力的值。
更优选地, 设第 i节钻杆的重力为 第 1节钻杆的重力为 所述 动力头 2的重力为 G。, 所述 FFGW'+GW, i=2,3,〜,N。
本发明的的带杆监测系统需要设置额定拉力 作为控制器的比较模块 比较的基准。 由于加压装置 1 所承受的拉力主要包括各节钻杆的重量, 因 此用加压装置 1所承载所有完全伸出的钻杆的重量和动力头 2的重量的和 来表示该额定拉力 的大小。 根据本发明优选实施方式中的计算方法, 可 以很方便地为处理模块预设额定拉力 。
优选地, 第 i节所述钻杆的所述额定拉力 通过预先进行的提升第 i 节钻杆时拉力的实验测得。
本发明中的所述额定拉力 可以通过多种方式获得和确定, 以上根据 额定拉力 的定义给出了从理论上确定该额定拉力 的方式, 但是额定拉 力 并不仅限于通过上述方式确定, 还可以通过例如预先进行实验的方式 获得。 钻机依次提升每一节钻杆, 并且在不发生带杆的情况下分别测量提 升每节钻杆的拉力, 以此作为提升该节钻杆的额定拉力。 通过上述实验测
量出的额定拉力值可能会与上述通过各节钻杆的重力计算的额定拉力的值 略有不同, 这是因为在实验的过程中可能会由于摩擦力或者钻头等其他钻 杆或钻机的部件等的影响, 或者由于钻机工作过程中其他影响因素的干扰。 因此, 在预设上述额定拉力 时, 可以综合考虑上述因素, 将以上例举的 两种额定拉力 的确定方法结合在一起, 确定合理的额定拉力 的值。
优选地, 所述钻机包括主卷扬 4 的钢丝绳, 所述第二传感器包括深度 传感器,该深度传感器测量所述主卷扬 4的钢丝绳的收缩长度 S,如果!^+…
+L,, 则被提升的钻杆为第 i节钻杆, 第 i节钻杆的最大伸长 量为
在本发明的带杆监测系统中, 控制器的处理模块为了确定加压装置 1 的额定拉力, 首先要确定被提升的钻杆是哪一节, 因此需要被提升的钻杆 的位置的信号。 由于最内层钻杆通过主卷扬 4 的钢丝绳向上牵引, 因此主 卷扬 4 的钢丝绳收缩的长度就是钻杆提升的高度, 第二传感器可以对此主 卷扬 4 的钢丝绳的收缩长度进行检测, 从而传送到控制器的处理模块中进 行计算和处理。
通常, 在本优选实施方式中, 作为第二传感器的深度传感器通常安装 在主卷扬轴上。 但是上述深度传感器的安装位置并不限制于本实施方式中 的优选情况, 任何适当的位置都可以安装该深度传感器。
由于第 i节钻杆的最大伸长量为 最外节的第 1节钻杆由于不能伸缩 所以 =0, 这样, 第 i节钻杆的最大伸缩范围就是!^, 而在当前的第 i节钻 杆发生伸缩时, 整个钻杆的长度范围应该是介于!^+…+!^和!^+…+!^之 间,因此当处理模块判断输入模块检测到的主卷扬 4的钢丝绳的收缩长度 S 在这个范围内时, 被提升的钻杆为第 i节。
优选地, 所述第二传感器包括深度传感器和距离传感器, 所述深度传 感器测量钻杆末端所处地下的深度值 D, 所述距离传感器测量所述动力头 距地面的高度 H, 已知或手工测量第 1节钻杆的长度 T,则所述钻杆末端的
伸出长度为 E=D+H-T, 如果 1^+···+!^ 1<E<L1+ +L1, 则被提升的钻杆为第 i节钻杆, 第 i节钻杆的最大伸长量为 。
前面的带杆监测系统的优选实施方式中, 采用检测主卷扬 4 的钢丝绳 的收缩长度信号的方案, 但是由于动力头 2也会发生上下移动, 因此控制 器处理模块仅根据主卷扬 4 的钢丝绳的收缩长度来进行判断很容易产生误 差。 本发明的另一种优选实施方式的带杆监测系统, 利用第二传感器对动 力头 2 的距地面的高度和钻杆末端所处地下的深度的信号进行检测, 再在 将上述检测到的值求和后减去第 1节钻杆的长度 (即最外层钻杆的长度), 就可以得到钻杆从第 1节钻杆中伸出的长度。在当前的第 i节钻杆发生伸缩 时,整个钻杆的长度范围应该是介于!^+…+!^和!^+…+!^之间, 当!^+…
+ -1<E< +"'+ 时则处理模块判断被提升的钻杆为第 i节所述钻杆。
以上描述了本发明例举的处理模块的两种判断被提升的钻杆为第 i节 的方式。 其中, 第一种根据主卷扬钢丝绳的收缩长度来直接判断的方法比 较简单, 但是由于动力头 2也能够上下移动而存在误差, 准确度较低, 但 是仅需要测量主卷扬钢丝绳收缩长度这一个物理量;第二种方法将动力头 2 的位置考虑进来, 但是至少需要测量动力头 2距地面的高度和钻杆的末端 的深度, 测量方法较为复杂, 但提高了准确性。
通常, 该深度传感器通常安装在主卷扬轴上, 该距离传感器通常安装 在钻机的桅杆上。 但是本发明并不对上述深度传感器和距离传感器的安装 位置进行限制, 任何适合的安装位置都可以应用到本发明中。
优选地, 所述加压装置 1 为加压油缸或者加压卷扬。 目前市面上为动 力头 2提供动力的主要有加压油缸和加压卷扬这两种形式。 加压油缸可以 直接向动力头提供压力和拉力, 加压卷扬则是通过两根钢丝绳从上下两个 方向与动力头连接, 通过正转或反转来向动力头提供向上或向下的拉力。 这两种形式的加压装置 1都可以用于本发明中。
优选地, 所述第一传感器 3为压力传感器。 该第一传感器 3用于检测
加压装置 1所提供的拉力。 以加压装置 1采用加压油缸为例, 为了对加压 油缸的压力进行测量, 该第一传感器 3通常安装在下腔油路上。 而对于加 压装置 1为加压卷扬的实施方式来说, 该第一传感器 3可以安装在任意适 当的位置, 本发明对该第一传感器 3的安装位置不做限制。
优选地, 所述显示装置包括显示器、 声报警器和光报警器中的一种或 多种。 为了使操纵人员得知本发明的带杆监测系统的监测结果, 本发明的 报警装置可以采用显示器来详细显示第 i节钻杆发生带杆的测量结果,也可 以采用简单的蜂鸣器等声报警器或指示灯等光报警器等来指示当前的钻杆 发生了带杆故障。 报警装置可以根据实际应用的需要而具体选择。
优选地, 所述钻杆为摩擦式钻杆、 机锁式钻杆或组合式钻杆。 本发明 的带杆监测系统优选地可以应用于上述多个种类的钻杆。
另外, 本发明还提供一种钻机, 其中, 所述钻机具有本发明上述的带 杆监测系统。 该钻机通过本发明的上述带杆监测系统, 可以实时地对钻杆 的带杆故障进行监测, 从而能够及时发现并避免钻杆发生损坏等更加严重 的故障。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式, 但是, 本发明并不 限于上述实施方式中的具体细节, 在本发明的技术构思范围内, 可以对本 发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型, 这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范 围。
另外需要说明的是, 在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特 征, 在不矛盾的情况下, 可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合, 为了避免不 必要的重复, 本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外, 本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合, 只要 其不违背本发明的思想, 其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。
Claims
1、 一种钻机的钻杆带杆监测方法, 所述钻机包括多节钻杆、 对所述钻 杆加压的动力头 (2) 和对所述动力头加压的加压装置 (1 ), 钻杆从外向内 分别为第 1节至第 N节, 其中 ί=2,3 ··,Ν, 其特征在于, 该带杆监测方法包 括:
检测确定被提升的钻杆为第 i节钻杆, 并检测此时所述加压装置 (1 ) 的实际拉力为 f1;
对比所述实际拉力 和预先设定的该第 i节钻杆的额定拉力 当所述 实际拉力 小于所述额定拉力 确定第 i节钻杆发生带杆。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的监测方法,其特征在于,对比确定 F^f^ Fq+1, 当 q=l,-,i-2, 第 q节至第 i-1节钻杆被带杆, 当 q=i-l, 第 i-1节钻杆被带 杆。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的带杆监测方法, 其特征在于, 以第 1节钻杆 为基准杆, 第 i节钻杆的最大伸长量为!^, 其中 =0, 所述额定拉力 为 第 i节钻杆在其最大伸长量 内正常提升时所述加压装置(1 )的拉力的值。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的带杆监测方法, 其特征在于, 设第 i节钻杆 的重力为 G,, 第 1节钻杆的重力为 所述动力头 (2) 的重力为 GQ, 所 ¾ F1=G0+-+G
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的带杆检测方法, 其特征在于, 第 i节钻杆的 所述额定拉力 通过预先进行的提升第 i节所述钻杆时拉力的实验测得。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的带杆监测方法, 其特征在于, 测量钻杆末端 所处地下的深度 D, 所述动力头 (2) 距地面的高度 H, 第 1节钻杆的长度 T, 则所述钻杆末端的伸出长度为E=D+H-T, 如果
则被提升的钻杆为第 i节钻杆, 第 i节钻杆的最大伸长量为
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的带杆监测方法, 其特征在于, 所述加压装置 ( 1 ) 为加压油缸或者加压卷扬。
9、 一种钻机的钻杆带杆监测控制器, 所述钻机包括多节钻杆、 对所述 钻杆加压的动力头 (2) 和对所述动力头 (2) 加压的加压装置 (1 ), 钻杆 从外向内分别为第 1节至第 N节, 其中 ί=2,3,···,Ν,所述控制器包括依次连 接的输入模块、 处理模块和输出模块, 其特征在于:
所述输入模块用于采集所述钻杆的位置信号和所述加压装置 (1 ) 的实 际拉力 f,, 并将所述钻杆的位置信号和所述实际拉力 传送到处理模块; 所述处理模块用于根据接收到的所述钻杆的位置信号判断被提升的钻 杆为第 i节、 通过被提升的钻杆为第 i节确定相应的额定拉力为 、 对比所 述实际拉力 与所述额定拉力 、 并将对比结果传送到输出模块;
所述输出模块用于在对比结果为所述实际拉力 小于所述额定拉力 ^ 的情况下, 输出指示第 i节钻杆发生带杆的信号。
11、 根据权利要求 9所述的带杆检测控制器, 其特征在于, 以第 1节 钻杆为基准杆, 第 i节钻杆的最大伸长量为!^, 其中 =0, 所述额定拉力 为第 i节钻杆在其最大伸长量!^内正常提升时所述加压装置 (1 ) 的拉力 的值。
13、 根据权利要求 9所述的带杆检测控制器, 其特征在于, 第 i节所述 钻杆的所述额定拉力 通过预先进行的提升第 i节钻杆时拉力的实验测得。
14、 根据权利要求 9所述的带杆检测控制器, 其特征在于, 所述钻机 包括主卷扬 (4 ) 的钢丝绳, 所述输入模块接收所述主卷扬 (4 ) 的钢丝绳 的收缩长度 S的信号, 所述处理模块判断当 LfH^SAf+Li时被提 升的钻杆为第 i节钻杆, 第 i节钻杆的最大伸长量为 。
15、 根据权利要求 9所述的带杆检测控制器, 其特征在于, 所述输入 模块接收钻杆末端所处地下的深度 D的信号, 所述动力头距地面的高度 H 的信号, 第 1节钻杆的长度 T的信号, 所述处理模块计算所述钻杆末端的 伸出长度为 E=D+H-T,并判断当 Lf+ ^E^f+ 时被提升的钻杆为 第 i节钻杆, 第 i节钻杆的最大伸长量为 。
16、 一种钻机的钻杆带杆监测系统, 所述钻机包括多节钻杆、 对所述 钻杆加压的动力头 (2 ) 和对所述动力头 (2 ) 加压的加压装置 (1 ), 钻杆 从外向内分别为第 1节至第 N节, 其中 ί=2,3,···,Ν, 所述加压装置 (1 ) 用 于对所述动力头(2)加压, 其特征在于, 所述带杆监测系统包括检测装置、 控制器和显示装置, 所述检测装置包括用于测量所述加压装置 (1 ) 的实际 拉力的第一传感器 (3 ) 和用于检测所述钻杆的位置的第二传感器, 所述控 制器为根据上述权利要求 9-15中任意一项所述的控制器, 所述第一传感器 (3 )和第二传感器与所述控制器的输入模块连接, 所述显示装置根据所述 控制器输出信号进行显示。
17、 一种钻机, 其特征在于, 所述钻机具有上述权利要求 16所述的带 杆监测系统。
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