WO2013034840A1 - Dispositif et procédé d'optimisation de la combustion dans des lignes de cloisons d'un four à chambres pour la cuisson de blocs carbonés - Google Patents
Dispositif et procédé d'optimisation de la combustion dans des lignes de cloisons d'un four à chambres pour la cuisson de blocs carbonés Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013034840A1 WO2013034840A1 PCT/FR2012/051970 FR2012051970W WO2013034840A1 WO 2013034840 A1 WO2013034840 A1 WO 2013034840A1 FR 2012051970 W FR2012051970 W FR 2012051970W WO 2013034840 A1 WO2013034840 A1 WO 2013034840A1
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- heating
- injectors
- ramp
- injector
- combustion
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B13/00—Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge
- F27B13/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of this type
- F27B13/14—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0028—Regulation
- F27D2019/0034—Regulation through control of a heating quantity such as fuel, oxidant or intensity of current
- F27D2019/004—Fuel quantity
Definitions
- the present invention relates to so-called "fire (x) rotating chambers" furnaces, for firing carbonaceous blocks, more particularly anodes and carbon cathodes intended for the production by electrolysis of aluminum. More particularly, it relates to a method and a device for optimizing combustion in partition lines of such a chamber furnace.
- Furnaces (x) rotating (s) for baking anodes are described in particular in the patent application WO201 127042 to which reference will be made for more details about them.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 respectively showing a schematic plan view of the structure of a furnace (x) rotating (s) and open chambers, at two lights in this example, for Figure 1, and a partial perspective view and cutaway cross-section showing the internal structure of such an oven, for Figure 2.
- the baking oven (FAC) 1 comprises two casings or bays 1 a and 1b parallel, extending along the longitudinal axis XX along the length of the furnace 1 and each comprising (e) a succession of transverse chambers 2 (perpendicular to the axis XX), separated from each other by walls 3.
- Each chamber 2 is constituted, in its length, that is to say in the transverse direction of the furnace 1, by the juxtaposition, alternately, cells 4, open at their upper part, to allow the loading carbon blocks cook and unloading cooked cooled blocks, and in which the carbonaceous blocks are stacked to cook 5 embedded in a carbonaceous dust, and hollow heating partitions 6, thin-walled, generally held apart by transverse webs 6a.
- the hollow partitions 6 of a chamber 2 are in the longitudinal extension (parallel to the major axis XX of the furnace 1) of the hollow partitions 6 of the other chambers 2 of the same bay 1a or 1b, and the hollow partitions 6 are in communication with one another by skylights 7 at the upper part of their longitudinal walls, opposite longitudinal passages formed at this level in the walls transverse 3, so that the hollow partitions 6 form rows of longitudinal partitions, arranged parallel to the major axis XX of the furnace and in which will circulate gaseous fluids (combustion air, fuel gas and gas and combustion fumes) to ensure preheating and cooking the anodes 5, then cooling them.
- gaseous fluids combustion air, fuel gas and gas and combustion fumes
- the hollow partitions 6 further include baffles 8, to elongate and distribute more uniformly the path of the combustion gases or fumes, and these hollow partitions 6 are provided at their upper part with openings 9, called “openings", closable by removable covers and arranged in an oven crown block 1.
- the two bays 1a and 1b of the furnace 1 are placed in communication at their longitudinal ends by turning flues 10, which make it possible to transfer the gaseous fluids from one end of each line of hollow partitions 6 to a span 1a. or 1b at the end of the line of corresponding hollow partitions 6 on the other span 1b or 1a, so as to form substantially rectangular loops of hollow partition lines 6.
- the principle of operation of ovens (x) turning (s), also called “fire advance (x)” furnaces, consists in causing a flame front to move from one chamber 2 to another adjacent thereto during a cycle, each chamber 2 successively undergoing stages of preheating, forced heating, fire, then cooling (natural then forced).
- the firing of the anodes 5 is carried out by one or more lights or groups of lights (two groups of lights being represented in FIG. 1, in a position in which one extends, in this example, over thirteen chambers 2 of the span 1a and the other on thirteen chambers 2 of the span 1b) which move cyclically from chamber 2 to chamber 2.
- Each fire or group of lights is composed of five successive zones A to E, which are, as shown on FIG. 1 for the fire of the span 1b, and of the downstream upstream with respect to the flow direction of the gaseous fluids in the rows of hollow partitions 6, and in the opposite direction to cyclic displacements from room to room:
- a preheating zone comprising, referring to the light of span 1a, and taking into account the direction of rotation of the lights indicated by the arrow at the turning flue 10 at the end of the furnace 1 at the top of Figure 1:
- a suction ramp 1 1 equipped, for each hollow partition 6 of the chamber 2 above which this suction ramp extends, with a system for measuring and regulating the flow rate of the gases and combustion fumes by line of hollow partitions 6,
- this system may comprise, in each suction pipe 1 1 a which is integral with the suction ramp 1 1 and opening into the latter, on the one hand, and, secondly, engaged in the opening 9 of one respectively of the hollow partitions 6 of this chamber 2, an adjustable shutter pivoted by a shutter actuator, for the flow control, and a flowmeter 12, slightly upstream, in the pipe 1 1 a corresponding, a temperature sensor (thermocouple) 13 for measuring the temperature of the combustion fumes at the suction, and
- a preheating measurement ramp 15 substantially parallel to the suction ramp 1 1 upstream of the latter, generally above the same chamber 2, and equipped with temperature sensors (thermocouples) and pressure sensors to prepare the static depression and the temperature prevailing in each of the hollow partitions 6 of this chamber 2 in order to be able to display and adjust this depression and this temperature of the preheating zone;
- a heating zone comprising:
- a natural blowing or cooling zone comprising:
- a forced cooling zone which extends over three chambers 2 upstream of the blast ramp 18, and which comprises, in this example, two parallel cooling ramps 19, each equipped with motor fans and blow pipes injecting ambient air into the hollow partitions 6 of the corresponding chamber 2;
- the blowing ramp 18 and the forced cooling ramp (s) 19 comprise combustion air insufflation pipes fed by motor fans, these pipes being connected, via the openings. 9, to the hollow partitions 6 of the rooms 2 concerned.
- the suction ramp 1 1 is available to extract the combustion gases and fumes, generally designated by the terms "combustion fumes", which circulate in the rows of hollow partitions 6.
- the heating and cooking of the anodes 5 are ensured both by the combustion of the fuel (gaseous or liquid) injected, in a controlled manner, by the heating ramps 16, and, to a substantially equal extent, by the combustion of volatile materials. (such as aromatic hydrocarbons polycyclic) of the pitch diffused by the anodes 5 in the cells 4 of the chambers 2 in zones of preheating and heating, these volatile materials, largely combustible, diffused into the cells 4 which can flow into the two adjacent hollow partitions 6 by means of passages in these partitions, to ignite in these two partitions, thanks to residual combustion air present at this level among the combustion fumes in these hollow partitions 6.
- volatile materials such as aromatic hydrocarbons polycyclic
- the flow of air and combustion fumes takes place along the lines of hollow partitions 6, and a negative pressure, imposed downstream of the heating zone B by the suction ramp 1 1 at the end.
- a negative pressure imposed downstream of the heating zone B by the suction ramp 1 1 at the end.
- downstream of the preheating zone A makes it possible to control the flow rate of the combustion fumes inside the hollow partitions 6, while the air coming from the cooling zones C and D, thanks to the cooling ramps 19 and especially to the blowing ramp 18, is preheated in the hollow partitions 6, cooling the anodes 5 cooked in the adjacent cells 4, during its journey and serves as an oxidizer when it reaches the heating zone B.
- all the ramps 11 to 19 are cyclically advanced (for example every 24 hours or so) of a chamber 2 and the measuring equipment and equipment associated recording, each chamber 2 thus ensuring, successively, upstream of the preheating zone A, a loading function of the green carbonaceous blocks 5, then, in the preheating zone A, a natural preheating function by the combustion fumes fuel and pitch vapors leaving the cells 4 by entering the hollow partitions 6, taking into account the depression in the hollow walls 6 of the chambers 2 in preheating zone A, then in the heating zone B or cooking zone a heating function of the blocks 5 at about 1100 ° C, and finally, in the cooling zones C and D, a cooling function of the blocks baked by the ambient air and, correspondingly, preheating this air constituting the oxidant of the furnace 1, the forced cooling zone D being followed, in the direction opposite to the direction of fire and flue gas circulation, of a zone E discharging the cooled carbonaceous blocks and then possibly loading the green carbonace
- the control method of the FAC 1 essentially comprises the temperature and / or pressure regulation of the preheating zones A, heating B and natural blowing or cooling C of the oven 1 according to predefined setpoint laws.
- the combustion fumes extracted from the fires by the suction ramps 1 1 are collected in a flue gas duct 20, for example a cylindrical duct partially shown in FIG. 2, with a flue gas flue 21 that can have a U-shaped shape. (see dotted line in FIG. 1) or able to go around the furnace, and whose outlet 22 directs the combustion fumes sucked and collected to a smoke treatment center (CTF) not shown because it is not part of the furnace. invention.
- a flue gas duct 20 for example a cylindrical duct partially shown in FIG. 2, with a flue gas flue 21 that can have a U-shaped shape. (see dotted line in FIG. 1) or able to go around the furnace, and whose outlet 22 directs the combustion fumes sucked and collected to a smoke treatment center (CTF) not shown because it is not part of the furnace. invention.
- CTF smoke treatment center
- the current conduct of ovens of this type favors the fuel supply of the heating ramps 16 independently of the draft depression conditions and aeraulic conditions in the partitions 6, where it can result in incomplete combustion in a significant number, or even high, of the partition lines 6.
- This results in costs of high oven operation, not only because of overconsumption of fuel, but also because of clogging of ducts and suction ducts that lead to capture by unburnt deposits, deposits which also represent a potential risk of ignition and drift of the cooking process.
- the injectors of a heating ramp are distributed in pairs so as to have two injectors per partition.
- the number of injectors of a ramp is thus equal to twice the number of partitions, for example fourteen injectors for seven partitions.
- a total of six injectors inject fuel into the same partition.
- the fluidic equipment that equips a heating ramp 16 is adapted to the nature of the available fuel, especially if it is gaseous, like natural gas, or liquid, like heavy fuel oil. To simplify the description of the invention, we next consider that the fuel is gaseous.
- FIG. 3 shows schematically an example of a known heating ramp 16 for a gaseous fuel.
- 4 pairs of injectors 23 knowing that a ramp 16 is generally equipped with 7 to 10 pairs.
- the injectors 23 are connected to the same supply pipe embedded on the heating ramp 16 and connected to the factory network via a hose 26 and a quick connector 25.
- Each injector 23 is preceded by an on / off solenoid valve 37 so as to control each individual injector 23.
- the supply pipe of the ramp comprises a quick coupler 25, a hose 26, a filter 27, a global safety solenoid valve 28, a bypass circuit of this global safety solenoid valve comprising a needle valve.
- a solenoid valve 30 for controlling the tightness of the pipework, a flow measuring member 31 (optional), a pressure regulator 32 (optional), a pressure switch 33 with a trigger on a minimum pressure threshold, a pressure switch 34 with a trigger on a maximum pressure threshold, a pressure sensor 35.
- This main circuit supplies all the injectors 23, each being preceeding. die of a manual valve 36, a valve 37 and a hose 38.
- FIG. 4 schematically represents an example of a vertical section of a known furnace along the longitudinal axis XX in the middle of a hollow partition 6.
- This example comprises 3 successive heating ramps 16a, 16b and 16c.
- the blowing ramp 18 ensures the circulation of fresh air for the cooling of the cooked anodes and the supply of oxygen for the combustion of the fuel injected by the heating ramps 16a, 16b, 16c.
- the flow of air, then combustion fumes, in the partition 6 is shown schematically by the dashed line.
- the openings 9 of the chambers 2 located between the blowing ramp 18 and the heating ramps 16a, 16b, 16c are closed so as to limit the escape of the blown air.
- Upstream of the first heating ramp 16c is ramp 17 called "zero point".
- thermocouples 24a, 24b and 24c for measuring the temperature in the partition.
- the corresponding injectors are placed in two openings 9 separated by an opening 9 remained free and closed by a cover.
- the thermocouples 24 are placed downstream of the injectors in the direction of gas flow. At the end of the fire is the suction ramp 1 1 preceded by the preheating measurement ramp 15.
- a heating ramp 16 operates at about 30% of its total power.
- its piping is dimensioned for a nominal fuel flow equivalent to 30% of the flow rate that would be necessary to simultaneously supply all the injectors 23 of this ramp 16 to their nominal power. If a large number of injectors 23 open at the same time, the flow capacity of the ramp 16 is exceeded and the gas pressure drops uncontrollably. This pressure drop has the effect of reducing the flame length, and can result in a degradation of the quality of the combustion. This phenomenon is especially visible with a gaseous fuel, because for a liquid fuel, it is compensated by a pump on the ramp 16 which maintains the pressure and which constantly circulates in the pipe 3 to 5 times the volume of liquid fuel. injected.
- Fuel injection is performed by pulsations (or pulses).
- the injected power is generally modulated by varying the duration of closing of the automatic valves 37 of the injectors 23. It can also be modulated by varying the opening time of the valves 37.
- an injector 23 When an injector 23 is open, it injects 100% of its power and consumes its maximum speed. For example, for natural gas, the injection times generally vary from 0.5 to 4s, whereas for heavy fuel, the injection times generally vary from 30 to 150ms.
- the modulation of the injected power can also be obtained by varying the supply pressure of the injectors 23 with fuel, for example by means of a pressure regulator 32 placed on the supply pipe of each ramp 16.
- This solution has the effect of modify the flame length according to the pressure level, a low pressure leading to a shorter flame than in operation at nominal pressure. It therefore has an impact on the heat distribution in the partitions 6 and the temperature profile on the height of each partition 6.
- the raw power to be injected is calculated by means of an incremental PID block for each pair of injection nozzles. each ramp 16, that is to say by partition 6.
- the PID block calculates a gross total control change. This variation added to the previous gross order gives a gross total order between 0 and 100%. This command is then limited according to high and low limits not to be exceeded entered by the operator for the ramp 16.
- the distribution of this power on the two injectors, such as 23a1 and 23a2 for the ramp 16a, is for example from a ratio parameter that is entered by the operator.
- the ratio is always respected, the high and low limits possible for the ramp 16 are calculated to allow this.
- the system then adjusts this total power to meet the maximum power limit that has been set for the partition 6. This maximum limit is set either by the operator or by a combustion monitoring module.
- the finalized total power is then transmitted to a controller / control controller of the ramp 16 with the ratio and the duration of pulsation.
- the controller then calculates a closing time for the upstream injector (such as 23a2) and the downstream injector (such as 23a1) so that the injected power respects the ratio and the total power.
- the pulsations thus calculated are transmitted to the injectors 23.
- the injectors 23 are very often controlled by an independent device, such as an electronic card specifically developed for this application, which generates the pulses according to a frequency value transmitted by the PLC of the ramp 16, which does not allow fine timing pairs in relation to each other.
- the injectors 23 are sometimes directly controlled by the automaton of the ramp 16. A finer clocking on the ramp 16 is then possible, but the computing power and the relative slow slowness of the outputs of the automata limits the feasibility of a timing specific. The relative slowness of communication between PLCs and the dispersion of the control members does not allow precise timing between the different heating ramps 16.
- FIG. 5 diagrammatically represents an exemplary control-command system of a rotating light according to the state of the art.
- Control is provided by two redundant central computers CCS-A 42a & CCS-B 42b which transmit the commands to be applied to the controllers 45 located on each ramp 1 1, 15, 16, 17 and 18.
- These controllers 45 drive the actuators directly, in particular the flaps on the ramp 1 1, the injectors 23 on the heating ramps 16 and the fans on the ramp 18.
- the communication between the different controllers is provided by a communication network that can be wired or for example of the wifi type.
- the central computers calculate the commands for each actuator according to the instructions that have been parameterized by the operators and measurements from the ramp automatons 45. These commands are then transmitted to each controller 45 for it to apply.
- the Level 1 communication network between the central computers 42a & 42b and the ramp controllers 45 is composed of Ethernet switches 40 and WiFi access points 43 which are distributed in the building of the furnace.
- Each controller 45 is connected to the WiFi network via a client (44), an internal Ethernet network to the ramp allows the exchange of information via an Ethernet switch 46 between the WiFi client 44, the screen local 47 and variable speed drives 48 in the case of the blowing ramp 18.
- An auxiliary controller 43 (located for example in an electrical room) can acquire information from ancillary items in the oven such as the center of smoke treatment.
- a DMS 41 computer allows the archiving of the process data, it is connected to the CCS 42a & 42b through a switch (switch) 40 which constitutes the Level 2 Ethernet network. This network can be connected to the factory network for the first time. extraction and exploitation of data by Level 3 systems.
- control screens 39 which can be deported, for example in a control room, using a dedicated network if necessary (KVM network). These screens 39 display real-time data from the CCS 42a & 42b but also the archived data from the DMS 41.
- the invention consists, according to a first aspect, mainly in a method for optimizing combustion in partition lines of a chamber furnace called "fire (s) turning (s)" for cooking of carbonaceous blocks.
- the furnace comprises a succession of preheating chambers, heating, natural cooling and forced cooling, arranged in series along the longitudinal axis XX of the furnace.
- Each chamber is constituted by the juxtaposition, transversely to said longitudinal axis XX and alternately, cells in which are arranged carbon blocks to cook and hollow heating partitions, in communication and aligned with the partitions of the other rooms, parallel to the longitudinal axis XX of the furnace, in lines of partitions in which circulate cooling air and oxidizer and combustion gases.
- a suction ramp is connected to each of the partitions of the first chamber preheating by one respectively of suction pipes.
- the combustion air required is partly injected by a discharge ramp of the natural cooling zone, connected to at least one fan, and partly infiltrated by depression through the partition lines.
- the fuel required for firing the carbonaceous blocks is partially injected by at least two heating ramps, each extending over one respectively of at least two adjacent chambers of the heating zone, and capable of injecting each fuel into each of the partitions of the corresponding respective chamber of the heating zone.
- At least the heating ramps are directly controlled by a master controller by controlling the inputs / outputs of said ramps.
- the method then comprises the automatic identification by the master controller of the relative position of a heating ramp relative to the others during the connection of said heating ramp to the network and the scheduling of the operation of the injectors of the heating ramps is realized by temporally distributing the operating sequences of the injectors individually.
- Real-time kernel and real-time network technology make timing possible because the real-time kernel has a perfectly defined cycle time and constant duration.
- the master controller calculates the commands by reading the data directly on the inputs and it itself controls the outputs that are connected to the actuators. At least the heating ramps no longer carry an automaton.
- the master controller retrieves all the inputs before starting its calculation and then it positions all the outputs before starting a new cycle.
- the real-time network is fundamental because it ensures that all inputs are read and that all outputs are written at each cycle time.
- control / control functions of the ramps are programmed in a software controller.
- the master controller is a PC.
- the real-time network connecting in particular the master controller and the inputs / outputs of the ramps is, for example, Ethernet type.
- a Twincat real-time kernel is associated with an Ethercat real-time network.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that the time distribution of the operating sequences of the injectors is carried out so that an injector operates only when the volume of gas placed under said injector has an oxygen content sufficient to ensure the combustion of the injected fuel.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that the temporal distribution of the operating sequences of the injectors is performed so as to limit the formation of unburned, in particular CO.
- a global algorithm makes it possible to optimize the timing of the injections to allow both an optimization of the available air in the partitions but also the maintenance of a controlled fuel flow in the pipes of each heating ramp to keep the characteristics of homogeneous injection.
- the temporal distribution of the operating sequences of the injectors is performed so as to limit the fuel flow rate variations of each heating ramp.
- the temporal distribution is achieved by limiting the number of injectors in simultaneous operation to a maximum number, said maximum number being that which leads to the nominal fuel flow of said ramp.
- the method also proposes an optimization of the combustion of fuel injectors over a time period denoted by D, the furnace comprising a number N of injectors, distributed over the partitions and the ramps of oven heating.
- the injectors operate in pulses in all or nothing and in modulation of duration.
- An operating time ⁇ less than or equal to the duration D, is assigned to each of the N injectors, the operating times ⁇ being deduced from the energy demand in the oven, and provided by the control system of the oven. Therefore, according to the method: - the operating time ⁇ of an injector is divided into a series of pulses where the sum of the durations of the pulses is equal to the operating time ⁇ of said injector;
- a scheduling is defined by a temporal distribution of the pulses for each of the N injectors individually and coded in the form of a binary time function pi which is equal to 1 when the injector of serial number i is in pulse at the instant s and is 0 otherwise;
- the scheduling is calculated at a time T of calculation taking into account the desired operating times ⁇ of the injectors, the pulses of an injector being made at the earliest at an initial time ti subsequent to the computation time T and later at the moment ti + D,
- the initial moments ti of each injector depend on the relative position of the injectors of the same partition and the flow velocity Vk of the combustion gases in this partition.
- Ibl we associate a number of order i of 1 to N with each injector
- the method may comprise the following additional steps: by using as initial scheduling the scheduling retained in step 161, a new order number i from 1 to N is associated with each injector and the steps Here and 161 are repeated. ,
- an injection matrix is calculated using the calculation power the master controller. This is then transmitted to the remote outlets on each of the heating ramps to control the injectors.
- the invention also relates to a device for optimizing combustion in partition lines.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the structure of an oven with two lights and open chambers;
- FIG. 2 is a fragmentary schematic partial perspective view and cutaway cross section showing the internal structure of the furnace of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of a heating ramp;
- FIG. 4 is a partial schematic longitudinal section illustrating the positioning of the ramps on a line of partitions
- FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a control system according to the state of the art
- FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a control system according to the invention.
- - Fig.7 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of an injector over a fixed period.
- a control system comprises, for example, a data storage computer DMS 41 and at least one master controller, for example two CCS controllers 42a & 42b. These machines are interconnected via an Ethernet switch 40, this constitutes the Level 2 Ethernet network.
- the controllers 42a and 42b each have a real-time controller that, via the Ethernet network real, the remote input / output blocks 52 which equip the ramps 1 1, 15, 16, 17 and 18 and the auxiliary machine 43.
- Ramps 1 1, 15, 16, 17 and 18 are connected to the real-time network via a cable which is connected to junction boxes 51 placed in front of each chamber 2 of oven 1.
- the process is monitored by the control screens 39 which can be deported using a dedicated network if necessary (KVM network). These screens 39 display real-time data from the CCS 42a & 42b but also the archived data from the DMS 41. Additional screens 50 are placed in the furnace building to monitor the process. These screens 50 display real-time data from the CCS 42a & 42b. They are connected to the real-time network using a group of dedicated inputs / outputs 52.
- the master controller 42a, 42b automatically identifies the relative position of a ramp relative to the others, when connecting said ramp to the network.
- the theoretical duration of the firing cycle, the initial position of the fire and the theoretical configuration of each fire are entered in the system.
- “Theoretical configuration of each fire” means the relative position of the ramps within the same fire.
- the master controller 42a, 42b continuously calculates for each light, the theoretical positions, recognized for example by number designating a section on the oven 1, for the different types of ramps 1 1, 15, 16, 17, 18 it needs to control the cooking process related to fire.
- each ramp 1 1, 15, 16, 17, 18 comprises a station head, identified by a unique number, and inputs / outputs.
- the master controller 42a, 42b uses a correspondence table, which allows it from this number to identify the ramp but also its type (suction, heating, ).
- the wired network around the furnace 1 consists of a succession of network switches.
- Each section of the oven 1 is equipped with a single network plug on which is connected the ramp which is placed on this section. This catch is connected during installation to an entry, identified by a number, of one of the switches that constitute the field network.
- the pair formed of the section number and the number of the input of the switch is unique and is filled when setting up the field network in a correspondence table which will be used by the master controller 42a, 42b.
- the master controller 42a, 42b continuously monitors the various inputs of the switches to detect any changes such as the connection or disconnection of a ramp 1 1, 15, 16, 17, 18.
- the master controller 42a, 42b retrieves the number of the station head of the ramp in question, which it combines with the number of the input of the switch which allows him to associate a section number to this ramp.
- the position of each ramp in the oven 1, relative to each other is identified by the master controller 42a, 42b at the time of connection.
- the master controller 42a, 42b can then, from the identification of the position of each ramp 1 1, 15, 16, 17, 18, compare the actual position and the theoretical position that it has calculated and decide to validate or not the connection of the ramp and therefore to control it.
- the six injectors 23 placed on the same line of partitions 6 are controlled according to each other but also according to the injectors 23 placed on the other lines of partitions 6.
- the scheduling of the opening of the injectors 23 and the choice of pulse times optimizes the operation of each heating ramp 16 and that of the entire fire. More precisely, in order to optimize the combustion of the fuel injectors 23, it is considered a period of optimization time D of the furnace 1 equipped with injectors 23.
- the total number N of injectors in the furnace 1 will be equal to forty eight.
- first and last are taken with reference to the direction of the lights, it being understood that a first injector for a partition considered is that which receives first the air blown by the ramp 18 of blowing.
- the injectors 23 operate in pulses in all or nothing and in modulation of duration.
- An operating time ⁇ less than or equal to the duration D of optimization, is assigned the injector 23 of order number i.
- the operating time ⁇ of each injector 23 is deduced from the energy demand of the furnace 1. It is provided by the control system 42a, 42b of the oven 1.
- the operating time ⁇ of the injector 23 of order number i is divided into a series of a number of pulses Ki noted, so that the sum of duration Ki pulses is equal to the operating time ⁇ .
- the scheduling is then defined by a temporal distribution of the Ki pulses for each injector 23 individually, and is coded as a binary time function pi (s), with s the time, which is equal to 1 when the injector 23 of order number i is in pulse and is equal to 0 otherwise.
- the function pi (s) is illustrated in Figure 7.
- the scheduling is calculated at a computation time T, taking into account the desired operating times ⁇ of the injectors 23.
- the Ki pulses of the injector 23 of order number i are performed at the earliest at a later initial time ti at computation time T and at the latest at time ti + D.
- the first pulse of the injector 23 of order number i starts at the earliest instant ti initial, and the last pulse ends at the latest at time ti + D.
- the initial moments ti of each injector 23 depend on the relative position of the injectors 23 of the same partition 6 and the speed, denoted Vk of flow combustion gases in the partition 6 considered.
- the index k will indicate that it is a parameter relating to a partition 6 said order number k, k being between 1 and M.
- Ibl associates an order number i from 1 to N with each injector 23, assigned for example according to the relative position of the injectors 23 according to the direction of the lights in the partition 6 of order k considered,
- the method for optimizing the combustion comprises the following additional steps: using the ordering retained in step 161 as initial scheduling, a new order number of 1 to N is associated with each injector 23 and it is reiterated Steps (c) and (d), IV compare the ordering obtained with the initial scheduling and the best of both is used as scheduling. / g / repeating the steps the / and IV a number of times compatible with the available calculation time between the computation time T and the first instants ti of the beginning of the first injector pulse 23.
- the scheduling calculation makes it possible to optimize the time distribution of the injector pulses 23 by partition 6 and by heating ramp 16 in the entire furnace 1.
- the durations between the scheduling time T and the instants t i of the first injectors 23 of each partition 6 are less than one second.
- the function Uk (s) representative of the oxygen content in a reference volume ⁇ at a time s after the last injector of the partition k is equal to the oxygen content Ck available in the volume ⁇ of reference before the first injector 23 of the partition 6 of order number k reduced by the sum of the oxygen content qi necessary to achieve complete combustion by an injector 23 of order number i running when the volume ⁇ of reference goes under the injector 23 of order number i at the instant s- ⁇ ti:
- the reference volume ⁇ contains a sufficient oxygen content relative to the quantity of fuel injected by an injector 23 of order number i of the partitions 6 of the number d order k when reference volume ⁇ passes under this injector 23 of order number i.
- the oxygen has been consumed by the combustion under the injectors 23 of order number less than i of the partition 6 of serial number k.
- the oxygen content in the reference volume ⁇ must be sufficient for the combustion reaction to take place, and to limit so the formation of unburned.
- maximizing the function Uk for an injector i consists in maximizing the total duration where the function Uk (s) is positive for the instants s of the interval [tk, tk + D].
- the duration of the injector pulses 23 is between 1 ⁇ 2 second and 5 seconds and the duration between two successive pulses of the same injector 23 is between 1 ⁇ 2 second and 5 seconds.
- FIG. 7 shows the function pi (s) illustrating the time distribution of the pulses of an injector 23 of order number i in all or nothing operation.
- the function pi (s) is defined for instants s of the time interval between instants ti and ti + D.
- An exemplary embodiment consists in defining the binary function pi as being a pulse train of identical durations a, of inter-pulse duration b, the pulses occurring between the instants ti + c and ti + D-c.
- the inter-pulse duration b can take one of ten values: ⁇ 0.5s, 1s, 1s5s, 2s, 2.5s, 3s, 3.5s, 4s, 4.5s, 5s ⁇ .
- the function pi is entirely defined by the operating time ⁇ and the choice of the duration b inter-pulses.
- the number of pulses Ki is equal to the integer part of ( ⁇ + D) / b increased from 1 :
- Ki [( ⁇ + D) / b] + 1
- the function pi (s) is completely defined.
- the function Uk (s) is thus determined and the calculation for the scheduling calculation can be performed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12773012.5A EP2753889B1 (fr) | 2011-09-08 | 2012-09-03 | Dispositif et procédé d'optimisation de la combustion dans des lignes de cloisons d'un four à chambres pour la cuisson de blocs carbonés |
RU2014113484/02A RU2600607C2 (ru) | 2011-09-08 | 2012-09-03 | Устройство и способ оптимизации горения в линиях перегородок многокамерной печи для обжига углеродистых блоков |
CN201280044731.5A CN103930741B (zh) | 2011-09-08 | 2012-09-03 | 优化焙烧碳块用环形炉隔墙线路中燃烧的方法和装置 |
AU2012306185A AU2012306185B2 (en) | 2011-09-08 | 2012-09-03 | Device and method for optimising combustion in partition lines of a chamber kiln for firing carbon blocks |
CA2847822A CA2847822A1 (fr) | 2011-09-08 | 2012-09-03 | Dispositif et procede d'optimisation de la combustion dans des lignes de cloisons d'un four a chambres pour la cuisson de blocs carbones. |
ZA2014/01258A ZA201401258B (en) | 2011-09-08 | 2014-02-19 | Device and method for otpimising combustion in partition lines of a chamber kiln for firing carbon blocks |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1157976 | 2011-09-08 | ||
FR1157976 | 2011-09-08 |
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WO2013034840A1 true WO2013034840A1 (fr) | 2013-03-14 |
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PCT/FR2012/051970 WO2013034840A1 (fr) | 2011-09-08 | 2012-09-03 | Dispositif et procédé d'optimisation de la combustion dans des lignes de cloisons d'un four à chambres pour la cuisson de blocs carbonés |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2753889B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN103930741B (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2012306185B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2847822A1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2600607C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2013034840A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA201401258B (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110186285A (zh) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-08-30 | 滕州市志远机械厂 | 碳块立卧机 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011027042A1 (fr) | 2009-09-07 | 2011-03-10 | Solios Carbone | Methode de caracterisation de la combustion dans des lignes de cloisons d'un four a chambres a feu(x) tournant(s) |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1114515B (it) * | 1979-02-05 | 1986-01-27 | Elettrocarbonium Spa | Perfezionamento nella regolazione dei forni continui ad anello di tipo hoffmann |
US4253823A (en) * | 1979-05-17 | 1981-03-03 | Alcan Research & Development Limited | Procedure and apparatus for baking carbon bodies |
FR2600151B1 (fr) * | 1986-06-17 | 1988-08-26 | Pechiney Aluminium | Pipes a mamelles orientables pour fours de cuisson de blocs carbones |
FR2600152B1 (fr) * | 1986-06-17 | 1988-08-26 | Pechiney Aluminium | Dispositif et procede d'optimisation de la combustion dans les fours a chambres pour la cuisson de blocs carbones |
ES2010215B3 (es) * | 1986-06-17 | 1989-11-01 | Pechiney Aluminium | Dispositivo y procedimiento de optimizacion de la combustion en los hornos con camaras para la coccion de bloques carbonados. |
FR2616525B1 (fr) * | 1987-06-09 | 1989-09-08 | Pechiney Aluminium | Dispositif et procede d'obturation des cloisons d'un four a chambres a feu tournant destine a la cuisson de blocs carbones |
RU2099661C1 (ru) * | 1996-01-18 | 1997-12-20 | Акционерное общество открытого типа "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Способ сжигания природного газа в высокотемпературной промышленной печи |
FR2779811B1 (fr) * | 1998-06-11 | 2000-07-28 | Pechiney Aluminium | Four a feu tournant a flux central tubulaire |
FR2917818B1 (fr) * | 2007-06-21 | 2009-09-25 | Solios Environnement Sa | Procede d'optimisation de la commande d'un centre de traitement des fumees d'un four a feu tournant de cuisson de blocs carbones |
-
2012
- 2012-09-03 CA CA2847822A patent/CA2847822A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2012-09-03 AU AU2012306185A patent/AU2012306185B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-09-03 EP EP12773012.5A patent/EP2753889B1/fr active Active
- 2012-09-03 CN CN201280044731.5A patent/CN103930741B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-09-03 WO PCT/FR2012/051970 patent/WO2013034840A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2012-09-03 RU RU2014113484/02A patent/RU2600607C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2014
- 2014-02-19 ZA ZA2014/01258A patent/ZA201401258B/en unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2011027042A1 (fr) | 2009-09-07 | 2011-03-10 | Solios Carbone | Methode de caracterisation de la combustion dans des lignes de cloisons d'un four a chambres a feu(x) tournant(s) |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
BEACH DAVID ET AL: "Proven control philosophy and operation for anode baking process", LIGHT METALS, MINERALS, METALS AND MATERIALS SOCIETY / ALUMINIUM COMMITTEE, US, 1 January 2007 (2007-01-01), pages 953 - 957, XP009103395, ISSN: 0147-0809 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110186285A (zh) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-08-30 | 滕州市志远机械厂 | 碳块立卧机 |
CN110186285B (zh) * | 2019-05-23 | 2024-03-05 | 滕州市志远机械厂 | 碳块立卧机 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA201401258B (en) | 2015-10-28 |
RU2014113484A (ru) | 2015-10-20 |
CA2847822A1 (fr) | 2013-03-14 |
RU2600607C2 (ru) | 2016-10-27 |
CN103930741A (zh) | 2014-07-16 |
AU2012306185A1 (en) | 2014-03-13 |
EP2753889A1 (fr) | 2014-07-16 |
CN103930741B (zh) | 2016-02-10 |
EP2753889B1 (fr) | 2015-11-18 |
AU2012306185B2 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
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