WO2013032485A1 - Système de protection pour système de récupération de chaleur perdue et système de moteur - Google Patents

Système de protection pour système de récupération de chaleur perdue et système de moteur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013032485A1
WO2013032485A1 PCT/US2011/050306 US2011050306W WO2013032485A1 WO 2013032485 A1 WO2013032485 A1 WO 2013032485A1 US 2011050306 W US2011050306 W US 2011050306W WO 2013032485 A1 WO2013032485 A1 WO 2013032485A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
egr
valve
working fluid
engine
stream
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2011/050306
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Deokkyu Park
Original Assignee
International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc filed Critical International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc
Priority to PCT/US2011/050306 priority Critical patent/WO2013032485A1/fr
Publication of WO2013032485A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013032485A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/013—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust with exhaust-driven pumps arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present device relates to system and methods which protect the working fluid of a waste heat recovery system and the engine turbo charger from the possible damages of overheating. Particularly, the system and methods relate to diverting potentially harmful high-temperature exhaust fluids to prevent the breakdown of working fluid and exposure of high- and low-pressure turbo chargers.
  • the EGR valve controls a passageway between the intake and exhaust manifolds. Sensors and a control unit are used to open the valve to allow the intake vacuum to draw a portion of the exhaust stream through the valve and into the intake stream.
  • the exhaust gas flow dilutes the incoming air/fuel mixture and has a quenching effect on combustion temperatures, which keeps NOx production within acceptable limits. As an added benefit, it also reduces the engine's octane requirements which lessens the occurrence of detonation (spark knock).
  • WHR waste heat recovery
  • the working fluid of the WHR can be exposed to very high temperatures.
  • the refrigerant can reach breakdown temperatures in the EGR cooler components— i.e., the boiler and the super heater.
  • the EGR valve may be closed, allowing the high-temperature exhaust gas to run directly to the turbo charger.
  • the turbo chargers may also be damaged from exposure to the high-temperature exhaust.
  • the disclosed system and methods address these problems in the prior art by providing a protection system for both the WHR working fluid and the engine turbo chargers.
  • the system provides means for protecting against exposing either component to the potentially damaging temperatures of the exhaust stream.
  • the methods provide for protecting an engine and a WHR system from damage due to extreme high-temperature exhaust flow.
  • an engine system for protecting the waste heat recovery system and engine components by diverting high-temperature EGR flow comprises a first exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve positioned within an EGR passage fluidly connecting an engine exhaust stream and an engine intake stream, a second EGR valve positioned within a second EGR passage fluidly connecting the exhaust stream and intake stream, a waste heat recovery (WHR) system having a working fluid loop for recovering heat from the first EGR stream, a sensor for determining a characteristic of the WHR working fluid and an engine control unit (ECU).
  • EGR exhaust gas recirculation
  • WHR waste heat recovery
  • the ECU diverts exhaust gas from the first EGR into the second EGR by closing the first EGR valve and opening the second EGR valve.
  • An engine coolant loop provides heat exchange relationship with the high- and low-temperature coolers of the second EGR to facilitate cooling of the EGR flow before adding to the engine intake system.
  • the working fluid may be diverted to bypass an engine turbine when the working fluid is in a state unsuitable for introduction to the turbine.
  • the working fluid is instead routed through an expansion valve before continuing through the WHR loop.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic of a engine system having an EGR system and a WHR system
  • FIGURE 2 is a schematic of an embodiment of the protection system for a WHR system and an Engine in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • an engine 120 operates to drive a transmission 122 which turns a drive shaft coupled to wheels and ultimately propels a vehicle.
  • the engine 120 is kept within a desired temperature operating range by a cooling system 124.
  • engine combustion may cause engine chambers to exceed a 2500 °F threshold temperature at which point the production of nitrogen oxides (NOx) reaches an unsatisfactory level.
  • NOx nitrogen oxides
  • the present system 10 operates to provide a second EGR system 330 which can take over for the first EGR system 230 to allow the working fluid to cool without creating damaging conditions for other engine components, and to thereby protect the engine and an intake system from such damaging conditions.
  • an embodiment of the system 10 can be seen to comprise an engine 220 coupled to a transmission 222 and having a cooling system 224 comprised of a fan 225, radiator 227 and coolant loop 229 for maintaining a desired operating temperature range in the engine 220.
  • the engine 220 also includes an intake system 226 and an exhaust system 228, as well as a first exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system 230, a waste heat recovery (WHR) system 250, and a second exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system 330.
  • the first EGR system 230 creates an exhaust flow by diverting a portion of the engine exhaust stream 240 into a first passage 236 with the opening of a first EGR valve 238.
  • the first passage 236 connects at a discharge end to the engine intake system 226.
  • a super heater 234 and a boiler 232 are used to cool the exhaust flow through the passage 236 before introducing the flow into the intake system 226.
  • the following components are fluidly connected by a loop 251 of working fluid, preferably refrigerant: pump 253, filter 254, check valve 255, recuperator 256, turbine 252 connected by a drive shaft 257 to a torque converter 258, condenser 259, and sight glass 260.
  • a bypass valve 262 is added before the loop 251 enters the turbine 252, to divert working fluid directly from the super heater 234 into a variable expansion valve 265 and then into the super recuperator 256 of the WHR system 250.
  • the recuperator 256 includes its own bypass valve 263.
  • a second EGR system 330 is connected to bridge the engine intake system 226 and the engine exhaust system 228, arranged serially to the first EGR system 230.
  • a second passage 336 connects the EGR system 330 to the exhaust system 228 and, when opened, a second EGR valve 338 allows the vacuum pressure of the intake system 226 to draw a portion of the exhaust stream 240 into the passage 336.
  • the exhaust flow in the second EGR system 330 passes through a high-temperature cooler 334 and then into a low-temperature cooler 332. Exiting the low-temperature cooler 332, the exhaust flow enters the engine intake system 226.
  • the engine cooling loop 229 connects to the low-temperature cooler 332 and high-temperature cooler 334 passing in a heat-exchange relationship with the exhaust flow before returning to the engine 220.
  • an engine control unit (ECU) 270 is electronically coupled to and controls operation of the first EGR valve 238, second EGR valve 338, the bypass valve 262 and the recuperator bypass valve 263.
  • Other components of the exhaust system 228 and intake system 226 include intake throttle 280, HP-CAC 281, HP-compressor 282, LP-CAC 283, LP- compressor 284, HP-turbine 285 with a bypass valve 286, and LP-turbine 287.
  • a portion of the engine exhaust gas stream 240 is routed into the first EGR passage 236, through the super heater 234 and the boiler 232, then into the intake system 226 of the engine 220, by opening the first EGR valve 238. Heat from the exhaust flow transfers into the working fluid (refrigerant) in the WHR system 250 through the super heater 234 and the boiler 232. The pressure of vaporization of the hot working fluid is dramatically decreased through the turbine 252 while still in the vapor phase.
  • the disruption of flow through the first EGR system 230 allows the working fluid of the WHR system 250 to cool before reaching a temperature where it may begin to break down. Further, by opening the second EGR valve 338 of the second EGR system 330, a portion of the extremely hot exhaust flow is diverted from the turbo charger 285 where it may cause damage. The diverted flow enters the second EGR system 330 at passage 336. The flow encounters a high-temperature cooler 334 where the temperature of the exhaust flow is reduced through heat exchange with the radiator fluid loop 229. The exhaust flow continues entering low-temperature cooler 332 where it is cooled further before being routed to enter the engine intake system 226.
  • the working fluid cools and falls out of a vapor phase.
  • the working fluid is not in the vapor phase as it reaches the inlet of turbine 252, as determined by second sensor 292 feeding information to the ECU 270, then the working fluid is diverted to pass through the variable expansion valve 265 to protect the turbine 252.
  • the noted sensors 290, 292 feed information to the ECU 270 related to characteristics (e.g., temperature, pressure) of the exhaust flow and the working fluid.
  • the low-pressure, hot gas passes through the turbine 252 or is diverted through the variable expansion valve 265, it then passes through the recuperator 256 to reduce the working fluid temperature on the condenser 259. After the working fluid is cooled by the recuperator 256, it enters into the condenser 259 to return fully to liquid phase. In the liquid phase, the working fluid can be more readily handled without damaging other system components.
  • the fully sub-cooled fluid passes through the sight glass 260 and into the pump 253.
  • the pump 253 is used to control the amount of working fluid in the WHR system 250.
  • the bypass valve 262 is controlled by real-time signals from the ECU 270.
  • the signals for the bypass valve 262 are based on either the state of the working fluid or the status of the first EGR system 230.
  • Sensors 290, 292 are used to feed information to the ECU 270 about the characteristics of the exhaust stream entering the first EGR system 230 and/or the working fluid.
  • the bypass valve 262 controls working fluid amounts through the turbine 252 by bypassing working fluid directly to the variable expansion valve 265 when necessary, as illustrated in FIG. 2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une première soupape de recirculation des gaz d'échappement (EGR) qui est positionnée à l'intérieur d'un premier passage de recirculation des gaz d'échappement reliant fluidiquement un courant d'échappement de moteur et un courant d'admission de moteur, tandis qu'un système de récupération de chaleur perdue (WHR) est utilisé pour récupérer la chaleur à partir du courant de recirculation des gaz d'échappement. Lorsque le fluide de travail du système WHR approche d'une température de rupture critique, une unité de commande de moteur (ECU) ferme la première soupape EGR en réponse à une lecture de capteur et ouvre une seconde soupape EGR positionnée avec un second passage EGR reliant fluidiquement le courant d'échappement de moteur et le courant d'admission de moteur. Le second écoulement EGR est refroidi par une boucle de liquide de refroidissement de moteur avant d'être acheminé dans le système d'admission de moteur. L'ECU fonctionne également pour dévier le fluide de travail de refroidissement en écoulement à l'opposé d'une turbine lorsque des capteurs indiquent que des caractéristiques du fluide de travail peuvent être endommagées vers la turbine.
PCT/US2011/050306 2011-09-02 2011-09-02 Système de protection pour système de récupération de chaleur perdue et système de moteur WO2013032485A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2011/050306 WO2013032485A1 (fr) 2011-09-02 2011-09-02 Système de protection pour système de récupération de chaleur perdue et système de moteur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2011/050306 WO2013032485A1 (fr) 2011-09-02 2011-09-02 Système de protection pour système de récupération de chaleur perdue et système de moteur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013032485A1 true WO2013032485A1 (fr) 2013-03-07

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Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10281408A (ja) * 1997-04-07 1998-10-23 Babcock Hitachi Kk 発電用ボイラの再熱蒸気制御方法
JPH11223301A (ja) * 1998-02-04 1999-08-17 Toshiba Corp 排熱回収ボイラの運転方法
US20040093866A1 (en) * 2002-11-15 2004-05-20 Isuzu Motors Limited EGR system for internal combustion engine provided with a turbo-charger
US20070144501A1 (en) * 2005-12-09 2007-06-28 Volker Joergl Exhaust gas recirculation cooler bypass
US7305976B1 (en) * 2006-05-17 2007-12-11 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc Engine heater and method
US7461641B1 (en) * 2007-10-18 2008-12-09 Ford Global Technologies, Llc EGR Cooling System with Multiple EGR Coolers
US20090013977A1 (en) * 2007-07-10 2009-01-15 Brecheisen Ii Adell Warren Intake condensation removal for internal combustion engine
US20100293943A1 (en) * 2009-05-22 2010-11-25 Ho Teng Exhaust power turbine driven egr pump for diesel engines
US20110036113A1 (en) * 2009-08-17 2011-02-17 Johnson Controls Technology Company Heat-pump chiller with improved heat recovery features
US20110072818A1 (en) * 2009-09-21 2011-03-31 Clean Rolling Power, LLC Waste heat recovery system
US7971578B2 (en) * 2008-02-04 2011-07-05 Kamtec Inc. Exhaust gas recirculation valve for vehicle
US7997076B2 (en) * 2008-03-31 2011-08-16 Cummins, Inc. Rankine cycle load limiting through use of a recuperator bypass

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10281408A (ja) * 1997-04-07 1998-10-23 Babcock Hitachi Kk 発電用ボイラの再熱蒸気制御方法
JPH11223301A (ja) * 1998-02-04 1999-08-17 Toshiba Corp 排熱回収ボイラの運転方法
US20040093866A1 (en) * 2002-11-15 2004-05-20 Isuzu Motors Limited EGR system for internal combustion engine provided with a turbo-charger
US20070144501A1 (en) * 2005-12-09 2007-06-28 Volker Joergl Exhaust gas recirculation cooler bypass
US7305976B1 (en) * 2006-05-17 2007-12-11 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc Engine heater and method
US20090013977A1 (en) * 2007-07-10 2009-01-15 Brecheisen Ii Adell Warren Intake condensation removal for internal combustion engine
US7461641B1 (en) * 2007-10-18 2008-12-09 Ford Global Technologies, Llc EGR Cooling System with Multiple EGR Coolers
US7971578B2 (en) * 2008-02-04 2011-07-05 Kamtec Inc. Exhaust gas recirculation valve for vehicle
US7997076B2 (en) * 2008-03-31 2011-08-16 Cummins, Inc. Rankine cycle load limiting through use of a recuperator bypass
US20100293943A1 (en) * 2009-05-22 2010-11-25 Ho Teng Exhaust power turbine driven egr pump for diesel engines
US20110036113A1 (en) * 2009-08-17 2011-02-17 Johnson Controls Technology Company Heat-pump chiller with improved heat recovery features
US20110072818A1 (en) * 2009-09-21 2011-03-31 Clean Rolling Power, LLC Waste heat recovery system

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