WO2013032072A1 - A motor generator - Google Patents

A motor generator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013032072A1
WO2013032072A1 PCT/KR2012/000497 KR2012000497W WO2013032072A1 WO 2013032072 A1 WO2013032072 A1 WO 2013032072A1 KR 2012000497 W KR2012000497 W KR 2012000497W WO 2013032072 A1 WO2013032072 A1 WO 2013032072A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
disk
permanent magnets
motor
permanent magnet
winding
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2012/000497
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Yoshihide Kamida
Matsuo OHTA
Original Assignee
Park, Cheol-Won
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Park, Cheol-Won filed Critical Park, Cheol-Won
Publication of WO2013032072A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013032072A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K53/00—Alleged dynamo-electric perpetua mobilia
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H02K21/16—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a motor generator which supplies DC power to electromagnets for motor and includes AC voltage output winding that generates AC power by rotating disks in which permanent magnets are provided.
  • a motor generator in which electric power is generated by rotating the motor and a motor and a power generator are coupled in the same shaft.
  • the inventors of the present application invented a unidirectionally-energized brushless DC motor including an AC voltage output winding, and the brushless DC motor simultaneously exerts a power generation function of being able to obtain a continuous electromotive force (See the Patent Document 1).
  • electromagnets for motor that rotates disk to which a plurality of permanent magnets are provided while feeding DC power and electromagnets for generation which generates induced electromotive force due to the movement of the plurality of the permanent magnets provided on the rotating disk that is rotating by the electromagnets for motor are fixed on the same frame, thus a motor and a generator are combined in a single body.
  • the disk on which a plurality of permanent magnets are provided can be rotated by the electromagnets to which a DC power is supplied, thereby obtaining a continuous electromotive force from the AC voltage output winding.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 4569883
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a motor generator in which air coils are provided between the electromagnets for generator and the electric power can be generated without loads and is charged in a battery, whereby the electric power can be saved.
  • a motor generator comprises a first frame; a first disk that is rotatably attached to the first frame through a rotation axis; a second frame; a second disk that is rotatably attached to the second frame through the rotation axis; a plurality of first permanent magnets that are disposed on the first disk at equal intervals around the first disk, magnetic poles being formed in a surface and a back side of the first permanent magnet; a plurality of plate-like broad width second permanent magnets that are disposed on the second disk at equal intervals around the second disk, magnetic poles being formed in a surface and a back side of the second permanent magnet; a plurality of electromagnets for motor having first magnetic cores that are fixed to the first frame according to the plurality of the first permanent magnets and a first winding that is wound around each of the first magnetic cores; a battery supplying DC electric power to the first winding in order to rotate the first disk; a plurality of electromagnets for generator having second magnetic cores that are fixed
  • a motor generator according to claim 2 is to provide the motor generator wherein the second permanent magnets are fixed such that an angle at which a straight line passing the center of the second disks and the center of the second permanent magnets and a straight line which is normal line to the center of the magnetic surface of the second permanent magnets is set to 0°.
  • a motor generator is to provide the motor generator wherein the two first disk and two second disks are fixed to the rotation axis respectively, the polarity of the first permanent magnets provided in one first disk and the polarity of the first permanent magnets provided in the other first disk is opposite to each other, the polarity of the second permanent magnets provided in one second disk and the polarity of the second permanent magnets provided in the other second disk is opposite to each other, the first magnetic core is connected such that one end of which corresponds to the first permanent magnet provided in one first disk and the other end of which corresponds to the first permanent magnet provided in the other first disk, and the second magnetic core is connected such that one end of which corresponds to the second permanent magnet provided in one second disk and the other end of which corresponds to the second permanent magnet provided in the other second disk.
  • a motor generator according to claim 4 is to provide the motor generator wherein the first frame, the second frame, the fist disk and the second disk are made of a non-metallic material.
  • the large torque is obtained with the small electric power when the electric power is supplied to the first winding at the time the large-value narrow-angle torque is generated.
  • the feeding time can be lengthened when the electric power is supplied to the first winding at the time the small-value wide-angle torque is generated. Therefore, the current passed through the first winding can be increased, even if the time necessary to the increase and decrease in current passed through the first winding is lengthened due to self-inductance of the electromagnet including the first magnetic core and the first winding.
  • the plate-like second permanent magnets are fixed such that an angle at which a straight line passing the center of the second disks and the center of the second permanent magnets and a straight line which is normal line to the center of the magnetic surface of the second permanent magnets is set to 0°, the time of power generation by the electromagnets for generation and the air coil can be lengthened.
  • the motor generator has two first disk, the polarity of the first permanent magnets provided in one first disk and the polarity of the first permanent magnets provided in the other first disk is opposite to each other, the first magnetic core is connected such that one end of which corresponds to the first permanent magnet provided in one first disk and the other end of which corresponds to the first permanent magnet provided in the other first disk. Therefore, both magnetic powers generated on two end portion of the first magnetic core can be used for the rotation of said first disk, the energy conversion from electric power to motive power can be enhanced.
  • the core loss can be reduced, the energy conversion from electric power to motive power can be enhanced.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating a structure of a motor generator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an explanatory view illustrating a sectional state taken on a line A-A of the motor generator of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory view illustrating a sectional state taken on a line B-B of the motor generator of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory view illustrating a ⁇ -T characteristic when electric power is not supplied to an electromagnet for motor.
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory view illustrating a ⁇ -T characteristic when constant DC current is supplied to the electromagnet for motor.
  • FIG. 6 is an explanatory view illustrating a positional relationship among a first permanent magnet, electromagnets for motor, a colored region and a transparent region of a position detecting disk, and a position detecting sensor in a straight line fashion in a stable equilibrium operating state during non-power feeding to the electromagnet for motor when a small-value wide-angle torque is utilized.
  • FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of a transparent window region R provided in the colored region.
  • FIG. 8 is an explanatory view illustrating a positional relationship among the first permanent magnet, the electromagnets for motor, the colored region and transparent region of the position detecting disk, and the position detecting sensor in a straight line fashion in the stable equilibrium operating state during non-power feeding to the electromagnet for motor when a large-value narrow-angle torque is utilized.
  • the motor generator 1 of the present invention includes a first rotating body 2, a first frame 3 that supports the first rotating body 2, a second rotating body 4 and a second frame 5 that supports the second rotating body 4.
  • the first rotating body 2 has a structure in which two first disks 21 and 22, one disk 23, and one position detecting disk 24 are fixed at predetermined intervals to a shaft 6 that constitutes a rotation axis while a spacer 60 is interposed therebetween.
  • four first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are provided at equal intervals in a periphery of the first disks 21 and 22.
  • first frame 3 four electromagnets 8 for motor are fixed by a first support member 3a according to four sets of first permanent magnets 7 in which one set includes two first permanent magnets 7.
  • One of magnetic poles of a electromagnet 8 for motor corresponds to the first permanent magnet 7 (one of the two sets of first permanent magnets 7 in which one set includes two first permanent magnets 7) of the first disk 21, and the other magnetic pole of the electromagnet 8 for motor corresponds to the permanent magnet 7a (the other set of first permanent magnets 7 in which one set includes two first permanent magnets 7) of the first disks 22.
  • the first permanent magnet 7 is formed into a plate shape in which the magnetic poles are formed in a surface and a back side, and specifically the first permanent magnet 7 is a rare-earth magnet such as a neodymium magnet.
  • the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are embedded in the first disk 21 and 22 to several millimeters. There is no particular limitation to a method for fixing the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a to the first disks 21 and 22, but the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a may appropriately be fixed to the first disk 21 and 22 by mounting hardware.
  • the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are fixed such that an angle ⁇ at which a straight line L1 passing from the center O of the first disks 21 and 22 (the first rotating body 2) to a center P of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a and a straight line L2 in a magnetic pole direction of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a, that is, normal to the surface or back side of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a intersect each other is set to a range of 0° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 60° when viewed from the center O of the first disks 21 and 22.
  • a polarity of the magnetic pole plane in an outside direction of the first disks 21 and 22 is identical to a polarity of the magnetic pole that is opposite the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a of the electromagnet 8 for motor.
  • the polarity of the magnetic pole plane in the outside direction (or inside direction) of each of the four first permanent magnets 7 provided in the first disk 21 and the polarity of the magnetic pole plane in the outside direction (or inside direction) of each of the four first permanent magnets 7a provided in the first disk 22 are inverted. Specifically, the magnetic pole plane of the N pole is orientated toward the outside of the first disk 21 in the first permanent magnet 7 provided in the first disk 21, and the magnetic pole plane of the S pole is orientated toward the outside of the first disk 22 in the first permanent magnet 7a provided in the first disk 22. This is because the polarities of the two magnetic poles of the electromagnet 8 for motor are different from each other.
  • One of the magnetic poles of the electromagnet 8 for motor is opposite the magnetic pole plane outside the first permanent magnet 7 of the first disk 21, and the other magnetic pole of the electromagnet 8 for motor is opposite the magnetic pole plane outside the first permanent magnet 7a of the first disk 22. Accordingly, the polarity of the magnetic pole plane of the first permanent magnet 7 of the first disk 21 that is opposite to one of the magnetic poles of the electromagnet 8 for motor is different from the polarity of the magnetic pole plane of the first permanent magnet 7a of the first disk 22 that is opposite to the other magnetic pole of the electromagnet 8 for motor.
  • the two first disks 21 and 22 are overlapped and fixed by the spacer 60 such that positions in a circumferential direction of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a included in the first disks 21 and 22 become identical to each other. Accordingly, the motor generator 1 wholly includes the four sets of first permanent magnets 7 and 7a in which one set includes two permanent magnets, that is, a total of eight first permanent magnets 7 and 7a. On the other hand, the motor generator 1 wholly includes the four electromagnets 8 for motor.
  • the position detecting disk 24 is fixed to the central first disk 22 so as to be coaxial with the first disk 22.
  • the position detecting disk 24 is used to detect rotational positions (rotation angles) of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a.
  • the position detecting disk 24 has a diameter that is slightly larger than those of the first disks 21 and 22 and a disk 23, and the position detecting disk 24 is made of a transparent synthetic resin.
  • a predetermined region of the large diameter portion projected from the peripheral edge of the disk 22 of the position detecting disk 24 includes a marker that is blackened to specify the rotational positions of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a.
  • a position detecting sensor 10 is attached to the first frame 3 by a support member 10a.
  • the position detecting sensor 10 detects the colored region (marker) of the position detecting disk 24 to specify the rotational positions (rotation angles) of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a. Therefore, the time for the electromagnet 8 for motor to be energized is determined by specifying the rotational positions (rotation angles) of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a.
  • the first frame 3, the support member 3a, the spacer 60, and the support member 10a are made of a non-metallic material such as a synthetic resin.
  • the centers of the first disks 21 and 22, disk 23, and position detecting disk 24 are pierced by the shaft 6, and the shaft 6, the first disks 21 and 22, the disk 23, and the position detecting disk 24 are fixed and integrally rotated as the first rotating body 2.
  • a film 11 is bonded so as to cover the whole peripheral edge portions of the first disk 21, first disk 22, and disk 23. Air in the first rotating body 2 is sealed by the film 11. Accordingly, when the first rotating body 2 is rotated, since the inside air is rotated along with the first rotating body 2, the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are not subjected to the air resistance caused by the rotation.
  • the film 11 is made of a material that has no influence on action and reaction of the electromagnetic force between the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a and the electromagnets 8 for motor.
  • a thin synthetic resin film is used as the film 11.
  • winding 81 is wound around substantial U-shape magnetic core 80, namely, concentrated winding.
  • the magnetic poles having the different polarities are formed in both end portions of the magnetic core 80 by passage of current through the winding 81.
  • magnetic poles having different polarity are generated at both ends of the magnetic core 80.
  • the respective windings 81 of the electromagnets 8 for motor are collectively connected in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel, and a DC power supply supplies the electric power to two terminals by the instruction from a control circuit 12.
  • the electromagnet 8 for the motor corresponds to the set of first permanent magnets 7 and 7a, in which one set includes the two permanent magnets and two magnetic poles are provided in two stages in the first disks 21 and 22, and the electromagnet 8 for the motor is disposed with a predetermined gap length.
  • the polarity of the magnetic pole of the electromagnet 8 for the motor and the polarity of the magnetic pole plane of the first permanent magnet 7 opposite each magnetic pole of the electromagnet 8 for motor are identical to each other, and the polarity of the magnetic pole plane of the first permanent magnet 7 provided in the first disk 21 and the polarity of the first permanent magnet 7a provided in the first disk 22 are inverted between the first disk 21 and the first disk 22.
  • the first rotating body 2 has the two-stage configuration in which the first permanent magnet 7 fixed to the first disk 21 and the first permanent magnet 7a fixed to the first disk 22 are provided, the electromagnet 8 for motor is formed into the U-shape, and the two magnetic poles correspond to the two-stage first permanent magnet 7 and first permanent magnet 7a, respectively. Both magnetic fluxes of the first permanent magnet 7 and first permanent magnet 7a are utilized in order to rotate the first rotating body 2, which allows improvement of electric power-mechanical power energy conversion efficiency of the motor generator 1.
  • the electromagnet 8 for motor is fixed to the first frame 3 such that an angle ß at which a straight line (not illustrated) connecting the center O of the first disks 21 and 22 (first rotating body 2) and the center of the electromagnet 8 for motor and a magnetic flux center axis (not illustrated) of the electromagnet 8 for motor intersect each other becomes 0° ⁇ ß ⁇ 20° when viewed from the direction of the center O of the first disk 21.
  • the first frame 3 has the shaft 6 as the axis center, and the first frame 3 rotatably supports the first rotating body 2.
  • the electromagnets 8 for motor and the position detecting sensor 10 are fixed to the first frame 3.
  • the first frame 3 includes two frame plates 30 that are coupled opposite each other at a predetermined interval. Each of the two frame plates 30 has a diameter that is larger than the maximum diameter of the first rotating body 2, that is, the diameter of the position detecting disk 24.
  • a bearing is provided at a position that supports the axis of the shaft 6 of each frame plate 30.
  • any sensor may be used as the position detecting sensor 10 as long as the sensor can detect the position (rotation angles) of the position detecting disk 24 that is rotated along with the first disk 21.
  • a photo interrupter may be used as the position detecting sensor 10.
  • the position detecting sensor 10 is connected to a control circuit 12 that supplies the electric power from a battery (DC power supply) 13 to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor, and the position detecting sensor 10 provides the timing at which the power feeding is performed to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor to the control circuit 12.
  • the position detecting sensor 10 of the embodiment transmits a detection signal indicating that a transparent region (portion that is not the colored region (marker)) of the position detecting disk 24 is detected to the control circuit 12 while the transparent region is detected.
  • the control circuit 12 supplies the DC power of the battery 13 to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor at the time the detection signal is received from the position detecting sensor 10. Specifically, for example, the control circuit 12 turns on a switch (not illustrated) to perform the power feeding to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor while the photo interrupter that is of the position detecting sensor 10 receives an optical signal, and the control circuit 12 turns off the switch to stop the power feeding while the photo interrupter does not receive the optical signal.
  • the colored region (marker) is provided in the ring-like large diameter portion of the position detecting disk 24 projected from the peripheral edge of the first disk 22.
  • a torque can be generated in the reverse rotation direction (clockwise direction in FIG. 2) of the first rotating body 2 (first disk 21) in performing the power feeding to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor.
  • the position detecting sensor 10 detects the colored region (marker) to stop the power feeding to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor, which allows the generation of the torque in the reverse rotation direction of the first rotating body 2.
  • control circuit 12 is not described in detail, a type of circuit in which energy of the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor is not consumed by resistance, but the energy is regenerated to the power supply is preferably used as the circuit 12.
  • a circuit in which only two self arc-suppressing elements usually used in an SRM (Switched Reluctance Motor) may be used as the circuit 12.
  • the second rotating body 4 has a structure in which two second disks 41 and 42 and rotatably fixed at predetermined intervals to a shaft 6 which is the same rotation axis while a spacer 60 is interposed therebetween.
  • four second permanent magnets 14 and 14a are provided at equal intervals in a periphery of the second disks 41 and 42.
  • four electromagnets 9 for generator are fixed by a second support member 5a according to four sets of second permanent magnets 14 in which one set includes two second permanent magnets 14.
  • One of magnetic poles of a electromagnet 9 for generator corresponds to the second permanent magnet 14 (one of the two sets of permanent magnets 14 in which one set includes two second permanent magnets 14) of the second disk 41, and the other magnetic pole of the electromagnet 9 for generator corresponds to the permanent magnet 14a (the other set of permanent magnets 14 in which one set includes two first permanent magnets 14) of the other second disks 42.
  • the second permanent magnet 14 is formed into a plate shape in which the magnetic poles are formed in a surface and a back side, of which width is wider than that of the first permanent magnet 7.
  • the second permanent magnet 7 is a rare-earth magnet such as a neodymium magnet like the first permanent magnet 7.
  • the use of the second permanent magnet 14 in which an N pole and an S pole are formed in the surface and the back side extends each magnetic pole plane, which allows to lengthen the time of generation of the generator.
  • the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a are embedded in the second disk 41 and 42 to several millimeters. There is no particular limitation to a method for fixing the second permanent magnets 7 and 7a, but the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a may appropriately be fixed to the second disk 41 and 42 by mounting hardware.
  • the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a are fixed such that an angle at which a straight line L3 passing from the center O of the second disks 41 and 42 (the second rotating body 4) to a center Q of the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a and a straight line L4 in a magnetic pole direction of the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a, that is, normal to the surface or back side of the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a overlap each other is set to 0° when viewed from the center O of the second disks 21 and 22.
  • generation time is lengthened more.
  • a polarity of the magnetic pole plane in an outside direction of the first disks 41 and 42 is identical to a polarity of the magnetic pole that is opposite the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a of the electromagnet 9 for generator.
  • the polarity of the magnetic pole plane in the outside direction (or inside direction) of each of the four second permanent magnets 14 provided in the second disk 41 and the polarity of the magnetic pole plane in the outside direction (or inside direction) of each of the four second permanent magnets 14a provided in the first disk 42 are inverted. Specifically, the magnetic pole plane of the N pole is orientated toward the outside of the second disk 41 in the second permanent magnet 14 provided in the second disk 41, and the magnetic pole plane of the S pole is orientated toward the outside of the second disk 42 in the second permanent magnet 14a provided in the second disk 42. This is because the polarities of the two magnetic poles of the electromagnet 9 for generator are different from each other.
  • One of the magnetic poles of the electromagnet 9 for generator is opposite the magnetic pole plane outside the second permanent magnet 14 of the first disk 41, and the other magnetic pole of the electromagnet 9 for generator is opposite the magnetic pole plane outside the second permanent magnet 14a of the first disk 42. Accordingly, the polarity of the magnetic pole plane of the second permanent magnet 14 of the second disk 41 that is opposite to one of the magnetic poles of the electromagnet 9 for generator is different from the polarity of the magnetic pole plane of the second permanent magnet 14a of the second disk 42 that is opposite to the other magnetic pole of the electromagnet 9 for generator.
  • the two second disks 41 and 42 are overlapped and fixed by the spacer 60 such that positions in a circumferential direction of the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a included in the second disks 41 and 42 become identical to each other. Accordingly, the generator side of the motor generator 1 wholly includes the four sets of second permanent magnets 14 and 14a in which one set includes two permanent magnets, that is, a total of eight second permanent magnets 14 and 14a. On the other hand, the generator side of the motor generator 1 wholly includes the four electromagnets 9 for generator.
  • the centers of the second disks 41 and 42 and the disk 43 are pierced by the shaft 6, and the shaft 6, the second disks 41 and 42 and the disk 43 are fixed and integrally rotated as the second rotating body 4. Since the second rotating body 4 is fixed to the same shaft 6 as the first rotating body 2 is, the second rotating body 4 rotates according the rotation of the first rotating body 2. As illustrated in FIG. 1, in a peripheral edge portion of the second rotating body 4, a film 11 is bonded so as to cover the whole peripheral edge portions of the second disk 41, second disk 42, and disk 43. Air in the second rotating body 4 is sealed by the film 11.
  • the second rotating body 4 when the second rotating body 4 is rotated, since the inside air is rotated along with the second rotating body 4, the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a are not subjected to the air resistance caused by the rotation. Therefore, the air resistance of the second rotating body 4 can be reduced to improve the rotation efficiency of the generator side of the motor generator 1.
  • winding 91 is wound around substantial U-shape magnetic core 90, namely, concentrated winding as in the electromagnets 8 for motor.
  • the electromagnet 9 for the generator corresponds to the set of second permanent magnets 14 and 14a, in which the respective end portions of the magnetic core 90 are provided in two stages in the second disks 41 and 42, and the electromagnet 9 for generator is disposed with a predetermined gap length.
  • the magnetic field around the winding 91 including the magnetic core 90 is varied according to the movement of the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a by the rotation of the second rotating body. Hence, an induced electromotive force is generated at the both ends of the windings 91 by the electromagnetic induction.
  • the winding 91 is the AC voltage output winding.
  • the respective windings 91 of the electromagnets 9 for generator are connected properly in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel and constitute single-phase winding or multi-phase winding to be connected to AC lamp, AC motor or other various AC power consuming apparatus.
  • the AC voltage can be rectified into DC voltage to be connected to DC power consuming apparatus.
  • respective two air coils 15 are disposed with a predetermined gap length between the four electromagnets 9 for generator. Though it is not described in detail in FIG. 1 for the explanation, these air coils 15 are fixed in the second support member 5a like the electromagnets 9 for generator.
  • the magnetic field around the air coil 15 varies according to the movement of the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a by the rotation of the second rotating body, and an induced electromotive force is generated by the electromagnetic induction.
  • a portion of the induced electromotive force is, for example, is charged into the battery 13 via a rectifier (not shown) which rectifies the AC power into DC power.
  • the power which is consumed by the battery 13 that provides DC power to the electromagnet 9 for motor can be restricted.
  • air coil 15 is used instead of the usual core, power can be generated effectively without load since there is no resistance.
  • power not used for charging the battery 13, for example is used for various AC power consuming apparatus such as AC lamp, AC motor etc.
  • the angle ⁇ at which the straight line L1 passing through the center O of the first disks 21 and 22 (first rotating body 2) and the center P of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a and the straight line L2 in the magnetic pole direction of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a, that is, normal to the surface or back side of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a intersect each other is set to the range of 0° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 60° when viewed from the center O of the first disks 21 and 22.
  • a gradient of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a is set as described above, a ⁇ -T characteristic of FIG.
  • ⁇ is a mechanical angle from the center of the electromagnet 8 for motor to the center of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a when measured in the forward rotation direction (counterclockwise direction in FIG. 3) of the first rotating body 2 (first disks 21 and 22), and T is a detent torque (cogging torque) that is of a torque generated in the forward rotation direction by an attractive force between the magnetic core 80 and the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a when the power feeding is not performed to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor.
  • ⁇ is a mechanical angle from the center of the electromagnet 8 for motor to the center of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a when measured in the forward rotation direction (counterclockwise direction in FIG. 3) of the first rotating body 2 (first disks 21 and 22)
  • T is a detent torque (cogging torque) that is of a torque generated in the forward rotation direction by an attractive force between the magnetic core 80 and the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a when the power feeding is not performed to the winding 81 of the
  • T is an electromagnetic torque in the forward rotation direction of the first disk 21, which is generated between the electromagnet 8 for motor and first permanent magnet 7 when DC current of, for example, 1.90 A is supplied to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor with the DC power supply (battery) 13, a ⁇ -T characteristic of FIG. 5 is obtained.
  • the stable equilibrium point and the unstable equilibrium point mean one position (point) in which the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are located in the stable equilibrium state with respect to the electromagnet 8 for motor and one position (point) in which the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are located in the unstable equilibrium state, respectively.
  • the electromagnetic torque T becomes negative at an angle width of 30°, and the electromagnetic torque T becomes positive at an angle width of 60°. Since the average value of the electromagnetic torque T becomes zero, as can be seen from FIG. 5, the angle width is narrowed and an absolute value of the electromagnetic torque T is increased in a portion in which the electromagnetic torque T becomes negative.
  • the electromagnetic torque T in the portion in which the electromagnetic torque T becomes negative is referred to as "large-value narrow-angle torque".
  • the angle width is spread and the absolute value of the electromagnetic torque T is decreased in a portion in which the electromagnetic torque T becomes positive.
  • the electromagnetic torque T in the portion in which the electromagnetic torque T becomes positive is referred to as "small-value wide-angle torque".
  • FIG. 6 is an explanatory view illustrating a positional relationship among the first permanent magnet 7, the electromagnets 8 for motor, the colored region and transparent region of the position detecting disk 24, and the position detecting sensor 10 in a straight line fashion in the stable equilibrium state during non-power feeding to the electromagnet 8 for motor (that is, in the state in which the detent torque becomes zero while the first disks 21 and 22 are stopped).
  • FIG. 6 is an explanatory view illustrating a positional relationship among the first permanent magnet 7, the electromagnets 8 for motor, the colored region and transparent region of the position detecting disk 24, and the position detecting sensor 10 in a straight line fashion in the stable equilibrium state during non-power feeding to the electromagnet 8 for motor (that is, in the state in which the detent torque becomes zero while the first disks 21 and 22 are stopped).
  • the angle ⁇ is an angle that is impressed on a stator such as the first frame 3 while the front face of the electromagnet 8 for motor is set to 0°, and the forward rotation of a rotor that is of the first rotating body 2 (first disks 21 and 22) is set to the positive direction.
  • the forward rotation region and the reverse rotation region are fixed with respect to the electromagnet 8 for motor, that is, the angle ⁇ .
  • the electromagnetic torque T is generated in the forward rotation direction in the first disks 21 and 22 when the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are moved and located in the forward rotation region according to the rotation of the first disks 21 and 22. That is, the forward rotation region of FIG.
  • the reverse rotation region corresponds to the ⁇ angle range where "small-value wide-angle torque" is generated in FIG. 5.
  • the electromagnetic torque T is generated in the reverse rotation direction in the first disks 21 and 22 when the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are moved and located in the reverse rotation region according to the rotation of the first disks 21 and 22. That is, the reverse rotation region of FIG. 6 corresponds to the ⁇ angle range where "large-value narrow-angle torque" is generated in FIG. 5.
  • the left direction of FIG. 6 is the forward rotation direction of the first disk 21, and the colored region and transparent region of the position detecting disk 24 are moved leftward when the first permanent magnet 7 is moved leftward.
  • Both the angle width of the forward rotation region and the angle width of the transparent region are set to 60°, and both the angle width of the reverse rotation region and the angle width of the colored region are set to 30°.
  • the forward rotation region and reverse rotation region and the transparent region and colored region are continued, the forward rotation regions and the transparent regions exist at intervals of 30°, and the reverse rotation regions and colored regions exist at intervals of 60°.
  • the first permanent magnet 7 is located in the reverse rotation region, and the position detecting sensor 10 of the position detecting disk 24 performs sensing in the colored region. Because the position detecting sensor 10 transmits the detection signal to the control circuit 12, the control circuit 12 does not supply the electric power from the battery to the electromagnet 8 for motor. Therefore, a certain type of idea is required in order that the first disk 21 is rotated to start up the motor generator 1 from the stable equilibrium state in which the power feeding is not performed to the electromagnet 8 for motor. The idea for starting up the motor generator 1 is roughly classified into a first method for moving the stable equilibrium point during the non-power feeding to the forward rotation region and a second method for temporarily and forcedly moving the first permanent magnet 7 to the forward rotation region in the start-up.
  • the electromagnet 8 for motor is located with respect to the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a such that the positional relationship between the electromagnet 8 for motor and the first permanent magnet 7 in stopping the first disks 21 and 22 in the stable equilibrium state having the detent torque of zero because of no supply of the electric power to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor becomes a relationship in which the torque in the forward direction of the first disks 21 and 22 is continuously generated only at a predetermined rotation angle of the first disks 21 and 22 in starting the supply of the electric power to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor.
  • the detent torque ( ⁇ -T characteristic) is changed by moving the electromagnet 8(8a) for motor from the current position, that is, the position in which the electromagnet 8 for motor is separated from the electromagnet 8 for motor by 90°, whereby the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are located in the forward rotation region in the stable equilibrium state.
  • the power feeding is started to start up the first disks 21 and 22, that is, the motor side of the motor generator 1, which allows the motor generator 1 to be forwardly rotated.
  • the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are included in the forward rotation region, and the sensing position of the position detecting sensor 10 is included in the transparent region.
  • the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are included in the reverse rotation region.
  • the sensing position of the position detecting sensor 10 is also included in the colored region, the power feeding to the electromagnet 8 for motor is stopped. Therefore, the electromagnetic torque T generated by the electromagnet 8 for motor becomes zero, and the detent torque T emerges.
  • the detent torque T substantially has a positive value in the reverse rotation region, and inertia moment exists in the first disks 21 and 22, thereby continuing the forward rotation of the first disks 21 and 22.
  • the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a When the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a pass by the reverse rotation region having the angle width of 30°, the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a enter the forward rotation region having the angle width of 60° again, thereby continuing the forward rotation of the first disks 21 and 22.
  • the second method for temporarily and forcedly moving the first permanent magnet 7 to the forward rotation region in the start-up includes a method (2-1) for temporarily performing the power feeding to the electromagnet 8 for motor irrespective of the detection of the colored region with the position detecting sensor 10 and a method (2-2) for providing the narrow transparent region in the colored region.
  • the method (2-1) for temporarily performing the power feeding to the electromagnet 8 for motor irrespective of the detection of the colored region with the position detecting sensor 10, for example, is realized by adding a control circuit (not illustrated) to the circuit 12 that supplies the electric power of the DC power supply to the electromagnet 8 for motor.
  • the circuit 12a supplies the electric power of the DC power supply to the electromagnet 8 for motor only for a predetermined period when a push button B (not illustrated) is pushed. More specifically, in the start-up of the motor generator 1, power feeding is performed to the electromagnet 8 for motor by pushing the push button B, the first disks 21 and 22 (first permanent magnets 7 and 7a) that are stopped in the stable equilibrium state of FIG.
  • the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a located in the reverse rotation region are moved to the forward rotation region, and the first disks 21 and 22 are turned to the forward rotation in the forward rotation region while the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a do not directly reach the reverse rotation region in the reverse rotation direction. That is, when the push button B is pushed, the first disks 21 and 22 are reversely rotated, the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a reach the forward rotation region, and the power feeding is performed to the electromagnet 8 for motor for a period (rotation angles) necessary for the first disks 21 and 22 to be turned to the forward rotation while the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a exist in the forward rotation region.
  • the transparent region having a predetermined width is provided in the position detecting disk 24 in the sensing position of the position detecting sensor 10 in the state in which the first disk 21 is stopped in the stable equilibrium state having the detent torque T while the electric power is not supplied to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor. That is, as illustrated in FIG. 7, a transparent window region R having a predetermined angle width is provided in the colored region having the angle width of 30°.
  • the transparent window region R has the width from the central sensing position of the position detecting sensor 10 in the forward rotation direction of the first disk 22 (position detecting disk 24).
  • the transparent window region R is located in the sensing position of the position detecting sensor 10, when the control circuit 12 is operated, the power feeding is immediately performed to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor for a certain period (rotation angles).
  • the first disks 21 and 22 (first permanent magnets 7 and 7a) are rotated in the reverse direction by performing the power feeding to the electromagnet 8 for motor as described above, the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a located in the reverse rotation region are moved to the forward rotation region, and the first disk 21 is turned to the forward rotation in the forward rotation region while the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a do not reach the reverse rotation region in the reverse rotation direction. Therefore, the transparent window region R has the angle width in which the power feeding is performed to the electromagnet 8 for motor for the necessary period.
  • the first disks 21 and 22 are reversely rotated, the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a reach the forward rotation region, and the first disks 21 and 22 are turned to the forward rotation while the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a exists in the forward rotation region.
  • the transparent window region R is not detected and the control operation is not generated.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the state in which the change has been done.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the stable equilibrium state (that is, the state in which the detent torque becomes zero while the first disks 21 and 22 are stopped) during the non-power feeding to the electromagnet 8 for motor.
  • the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a exist in the reverse rotation region, and the position detecting sensor 10 exists in the transparent region.
  • the position detecting sensor 10 transmits the detection signal to the control circuit 12, and the control circuit 12 supplies the electric power from the battery 13 to the electromagnet 8 for motor, thereby rotating the motor generator 1 in the reverse rotation direction.
  • the control circuit 12 supplies the electric power from the battery 13 to the electromagnet 8 for motor, thereby rotating the motor generator 1 in the reverse rotation direction.
  • No particular idea for starting up the motor generator 1 is required when the large-value narrow-angle torque is utilized.
  • the electromagnet 8(8a) for motor is moved a little from a fixed position, it is necessary to pay attention such that the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are not moved to the outside of the reverse rotation region in the stable equilibrium state during the non-power feeding.
  • the second rotating body 4(the second disks 41 and 42) in the side of generator rotates by the rotation of the first rotating body 2 (first disks 21 and 22) in motor side while the first rotating body 2 acts as a motor.
  • the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a provided in the second disks 41 and 42 respectively, an induced electromotive force is generated with the electromagnetic induction by the variation of the magnetic field around the electromagnet 9 and air coil 15 which are installed in the side of generator.
  • the power generated by the electromagnet 9 for generator are can be used for AC power consuming apparatus, and a portion of the power generated by the air coil is charged in the battery.
  • the number of electromagnets 8 for the motor and four electromagnets 9 for generator are used in the embodiment, the number of electromagnets is not limited, but is appropriately changed. However, preferably the number of electromagnets 8 for the motor or the number of electromagnets 9 for generator is determined such that the electromagnetic coupling is not generated between the adjacent electromagnets 8 for the motor, or the electromagnet 9 for the generator. And, in the above embodiments, two first disks 21 and 22 and two second disks 41 and 42 are provided in two stages, the first disk 21 and the second disk 41 can be provided in one stage. However, the two-stage configuration is preferable in order to enhance the energy efficiency of the motor generator 1 as a motor.
  • the power feeding is performed to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor at the time the electromagnetic torque T becomes the positive value in FIG. 5, that is, the time the small-value wide-angle torque is generated.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiment, for example, the power feeding may be performed to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor at the time the electromagnetic torque T becomes the negative value, that is, the time the large-value narrow-angle torque is generated.
  • the present invention can be applied to the motor generator which can convert the DC power effectively into AC power provided for home appliances.

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Abstract

The invention provides a motor generator in which air coils are provided between the electromagnets for generator and the electric power can be generated without loads and is charged in a battery, whereby the electric power can be saved. The motor generator comprises first permanent magnets 7 provided on a first disk 21 in motor side, a plurality of electromagnets 8 for motor, second permanent magnets 8 provided on a second disk 41 in generator side, a plurality of electromagnets 9 for generator, and a battery 13 supplying DC power to the electromagnets for motor in order to rotate the first disk 21. Air coils 15 are provided between the electromagnets 9 for generator, and a portion of the generated power from the air coils 15 is charged in the battery.

Description

A MOTOR GENERATOR
The present invention relates to a motor generator which supplies DC power to electromagnets for motor and includes AC voltage output winding that generates AC power by rotating disks in which permanent magnets are provided.
Conventionally, a motor generator in which electric power is generated by rotating the motor and a motor and a power generator are coupled in the same shaft.
Also, the inventors of the present application invented a unidirectionally-energized brushless DC motor including an AC voltage output winding, and the brushless DC motor simultaneously exerts a power generation function of being able to obtain a continuous electromotive force (See the Patent Document 1). In the unidirectionally-energized brushless DC motor of Patent Document 1, electromagnets for motor that rotates disk to which a plurality of permanent magnets are provided while feeding DC power and electromagnets for generation which generates induced electromotive force due to the movement of the plurality of the permanent magnets provided on the rotating disk that is rotating by the electromagnets for motor are fixed on the same frame, thus a motor and a generator are combined in a single body. By this, the disk on which a plurality of permanent magnets are provided can be rotated by the electromagnets to which a DC power is supplied, thereby obtaining a continuous electromotive force from the AC voltage output winding.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Publication No. 4569883
However, in the Patent Document 1, since disk can be rotated by generating an impulsive power and an attractive power between the permanent magnets and the electromagnets for motor, certain volume of power is consumed due to the application of electric current. Therefore, restriction of the power consumption has been required.
In view of the foregoing, an object of the present invention is to provide a motor generator in which air coils are provided between the electromagnets for generator and the electric power can be generated without loads and is charged in a battery, whereby the electric power can be saved.
To achieve the above object, a motor generator comprises a first frame; a first disk that is rotatably attached to the first frame through a rotation axis; a second frame; a second disk that is rotatably attached to the second frame through the rotation axis; a plurality of first permanent magnets that are disposed on the first disk at equal intervals around the first disk, magnetic poles being formed in a surface and a back side of the first permanent magnet; a plurality of plate-like broad width second permanent magnets that are disposed on the second disk at equal intervals around the second disk, magnetic poles being formed in a surface and a back side of the second permanent magnet; a plurality of electromagnets for motor having first magnetic cores that are fixed to the first frame according to the plurality of the first permanent magnets and a first winding that is wound around each of the first magnetic cores; a battery supplying DC electric power to the first winding in order to rotate the first disk; a plurality of electromagnets for generator having second magnetic cores that are fixed to the second frame according to the plurality of the second permanent magnets and a second winding that is wound around the second magnetic cores wherein the first disk rotates by the magnetic force acting on the plurality of second permanent magnets from the electromagnets for motor, and the electromagnets for generator being generate induced electromotive force by the variation of the magnetic field around the second winding due to the movement of the plurality of the second permanent magnets disposed on the second disk that is rotating through the rotation axis; and a plurality of air coils disposed between the plurality of electromagnets for generator; wherein: the first permanent magnet is located such that an angle formed by a straight line passing through the center of the first disk and the center of the first permanent magnet and a normal line in the center of a magnetic pole plane of the first permanent magnet ranges is larger than 0° and smaller than 60°, whereby, when constant DC current is continuously supplied to the first winding, a large-value narrow-angle torque in which a rotation angle range where the first disk is rotated in a reverse direction is narrowed while a torque value is large and a small-value wide-angle torque in which a rotation angle range where the first disk is rotated in a normal direction is spread while the torque value is small are generated in a characteristic curve of a rotation angle of the first permanent magnet and an electromagnetic torque by the current of the first winding and the first permanent magnet, the rotation angle of the first permanent magnet being measured with respect to the first permanent magnet in a stable equilibrium operating state based on the first magnetic core, a detent torque becoming zero in the stable equilibrium operating state, the detent torque being generated by an attractive force between the first magnetic core and the permanent magnet during non-power feeding to the first winding, and the power feeding is performed to the first winding from the battery either when the large-value narrow-angle torque is generated, or when the small-value wide-angle torque is generated, and wherein at least a portion of induced electromotive force, which is generated in the air coil by the movement of said second permanent magnets according to the rotation of said second disk, is charged to said battery.
A motor generator according to claim 2 is to provide the motor generator wherein the second permanent magnets are fixed such that an angle at which a straight line passing the center of the second disks and the center of the second permanent magnets and a straight line which is normal line to the center of the magnetic surface of the second permanent magnets is set to 0°.
A motor generator according to claim 3 is to provide the motor generator wherein the two first disk and two second disks are fixed to the rotation axis respectively, the polarity of the first permanent magnets provided in one first disk and the polarity of the first permanent magnets provided in the other first disk is opposite to each other, the polarity of the second permanent magnets provided in one second disk and the polarity of the second permanent magnets provided in the other second disk is opposite to each other, the first magnetic core is connected such that one end of which corresponds to the first permanent magnet provided in one first disk and the other end of which corresponds to the first permanent magnet provided in the other first disk, and the second magnetic core is connected such that one end of which corresponds to the second permanent magnet provided in one second disk and the other end of which corresponds to the second permanent magnet provided in the other second disk.
A motor generator according to claim 4 is to provide the motor generator wherein the first frame, the second frame, the fist disk and the second disk are made of a non-metallic material.
According to the invention of claim 1, since air coils are provided between the electromagnets for generator and induced automotive force can be charged in the battery which supplying power to the electromagnets for motor, the electric power which is consumed for the battery while applying electric current can be restricted. Furthermore, since air coils are used, power can be taken out effectively without any resistance or loads compared to the conventional cores.
Furthermore, the large torque is obtained with the small electric power when the electric power is supplied to the first winding at the time the large-value narrow-angle torque is generated. The feeding time can be lengthened when the electric power is supplied to the first winding at the time the small-value wide-angle torque is generated. Therefore, the current passed through the first winding can be increased, even if the time necessary to the increase and decrease in current passed through the first winding is lengthened due to self-inductance of the electromagnet including the first magnetic core and the first winding.
According to the invention of claim 2, since the plate-like second permanent magnets are fixed such that an angle at which a straight line passing the center of the second disks and the center of the second permanent magnets and a straight line which is normal line to the center of the magnetic surface of the second permanent magnets is set to 0°, the time of power generation by the electromagnets for generation and the air coil can be lengthened.
According to the invention of claim 3, the motor generator has two first disk, the polarity of the first permanent magnets provided in one first disk and the polarity of the first permanent magnets provided in the other first disk is opposite to each other, the first magnetic core is connected such that one end of which corresponds to the first permanent magnet provided in one first disk and the other end of which corresponds to the first permanent magnet provided in the other first disk. Therefore, both magnetic powers generated on two end portion of the first magnetic core can be used for the rotation of said first disk, the energy conversion from electric power to motive power can be enhanced.
According to the invention of claim 4, since the first frame, the second frame, the fist disk and the second disk are made of a non-metallic material, the core loss can be reduced, the energy conversion from electric power to motive power can be enhanced.
FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating a structure of a motor generator according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view illustrating a sectional state taken on a line A-A of the motor generator of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view illustrating a sectional state taken on a line B-B of the motor generator of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view illustrating a θ-T characteristic when electric power is not supplied to an electromagnet for motor.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view illustrating a θ-T characteristic when constant DC current is supplied to the electromagnet for motor.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view illustrating a positional relationship among a first permanent magnet, electromagnets for motor, a colored region and a transparent region of a position detecting disk, and a position detecting sensor in a straight line fashion in a stable equilibrium operating state during non-power feeding to the electromagnet for motor when a small-value wide-angle torque is utilized.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of a transparent window region R provided in the colored region.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory view illustrating a positional relationship among the first permanent magnet, the electromagnets for motor, the colored region and transparent region of the position detecting disk, and the position detecting sensor in a straight line fashion in the stable equilibrium operating state during non-power feeding to the electromagnet for motor when a large-value narrow-angle torque is utilized.
A motor generator 1 according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. As illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, the motor generator 1 of the present invention includes a first rotating body 2, a first frame 3 that supports the first rotating body 2, a second rotating body 4 and a second frame 5 that supports the second rotating body 4. [0018] The first rotating body 2 has a structure in which two first disks 21 and 22, one disk 23, and one position detecting disk 24 are fixed at predetermined intervals to a shaft 6 that constitutes a rotation axis while a spacer 60 is interposed therebetween. In one of surfaces of each of the first disks 21 and 22, four first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are provided at equal intervals in a periphery of the first disks 21 and 22. On the other hand, in the first frame 3, four electromagnets 8 for motor are fixed by a first support member 3a according to four sets of first permanent magnets 7 in which one set includes two first permanent magnets 7. One of magnetic poles of a electromagnet 8 for motor corresponds to the first permanent magnet 7 (one of the two sets of first permanent magnets 7 in which one set includes two first permanent magnets 7) of the first disk 21, and the other magnetic pole of the electromagnet 8 for motor corresponds to the permanent magnet 7a (the other set of first permanent magnets 7 in which one set includes two first permanent magnets 7) of the first disks 22.
The first permanent magnet 7 is formed into a plate shape in which the magnetic poles are formed in a surface and a back side, and specifically the first permanent magnet 7 is a rare-earth magnet such as a neodymium magnet. The use of the first permanent magnet 7 in which an N pole and an S pole are formed in the surface and the back side extends each magnetic pole plane, which allows enhancement of a rotating torque of the rotating body 2 that is of the motor.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are embedded in the first disk 21 and 22 to several millimeters. There is no particular limitation to a method for fixing the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a to the first disks 21 and 22, but the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a may appropriately be fixed to the first disk 21 and 22 by mounting hardware.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are fixed such that an angle α at which a straight line L1 passing from the center O of the first disks 21 and 22 (the first rotating body 2) to a center P of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a and a straight line L2 in a magnetic pole direction of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a, that is, normal to the surface or back side of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a intersect each other is set to a range of 0° < α < 60° when viewed from the center O of the first disks 21 and 22. In the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a, a polarity of the magnetic pole plane in an outside direction of the first disks 21 and 22 is identical to a polarity of the magnetic pole that is opposite the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a of the electromagnet 8 for motor.
The polarity of the magnetic pole plane in the outside direction (or inside direction) of each of the four first permanent magnets 7 provided in the first disk 21 and the polarity of the magnetic pole plane in the outside direction (or inside direction) of each of the four first permanent magnets 7a provided in the first disk 22 are inverted. Specifically, the magnetic pole plane of the N pole is orientated toward the outside of the first disk 21 in the first permanent magnet 7 provided in the first disk 21, and the magnetic pole plane of the S pole is orientated toward the outside of the first disk 22 in the first permanent magnet 7a provided in the first disk 22. This is because the polarities of the two magnetic poles of the electromagnet 8 for motor are different from each other. One of the magnetic poles of the electromagnet 8 for motor is opposite the magnetic pole plane outside the first permanent magnet 7 of the first disk 21, and the other magnetic pole of the electromagnet 8 for motor is opposite the magnetic pole plane outside the first permanent magnet 7a of the first disk 22. Accordingly, the polarity of the magnetic pole plane of the first permanent magnet 7 of the first disk 21 that is opposite to one of the magnetic poles of the electromagnet 8 for motor is different from the polarity of the magnetic pole plane of the first permanent magnet 7a of the first disk 22 that is opposite to the other magnetic pole of the electromagnet 8 for motor. The two first disks 21 and 22 are overlapped and fixed by the spacer 60 such that positions in a circumferential direction of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a included in the first disks 21 and 22 become identical to each other. Accordingly, the motor generator 1 wholly includes the four sets of first permanent magnets 7 and 7a in which one set includes two permanent magnets, that is, a total of eight first permanent magnets 7 and 7a. On the other hand, the motor generator 1 wholly includes the four electromagnets 8 for motor.
As described above, one first disk 21, the other first disk 22, and the disk 23 are fixed in this order in the axial direction of the motor generator 1 by the spacer 60. The position detecting disk 24 is fixed to the central first disk 22 so as to be coaxial with the first disk 22. The position detecting disk 24 is used to detect rotational positions (rotation angles) of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a. The position detecting disk 24 has a diameter that is slightly larger than those of the first disks 21 and 22 and a disk 23, and the position detecting disk 24 is made of a transparent synthetic resin. A predetermined region of the large diameter portion projected from the peripheral edge of the disk 22 of the position detecting disk 24 includes a marker that is blackened to specify the rotational positions of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a. A position detecting sensor 10 is attached to the first frame 3 by a support member 10a. The position detecting sensor 10 detects the colored region (marker) of the position detecting disk 24 to specify the rotational positions (rotation angles) of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a. Therefore, the time for the electromagnet 8 for motor to be energized is determined by specifying the rotational positions (rotation angles) of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a. The first frame 3, the support member 3a, the spacer 60, and the support member 10a are made of a non-metallic material such as a synthetic resin.
The centers of the first disks 21 and 22, disk 23, and position detecting disk 24 are pierced by the shaft 6, and the shaft 6, the first disks 21 and 22, the disk 23, and the position detecting disk 24 are fixed and integrally rotated as the first rotating body 2. As illustrated in FIG. 1, in a peripheral edge portion of the first rotating body 2, a film 11 is bonded so as to cover the whole peripheral edge portions of the first disk 21, first disk 22, and disk 23. Air in the first rotating body 2 is sealed by the film 11. Accordingly, when the first rotating body 2 is rotated, since the inside air is rotated along with the first rotating body 2, the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are not subjected to the air resistance caused by the rotation. Therefore, the air resistance of the first rotating body 2 can be reduced to improve the rotation efficiency of the motor generator 1. The film 11 is made of a material that has no influence on action and reaction of the electromagnetic force between the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a and the electromagnets 8 for motor. For example, preferably a thin synthetic resin film is used as the film 11.
As illustrated in FIGs. 1 and 2, in the electromagnets 8 for motor, winding 81 is wound around substantial U-shape magnetic core 80, namely, concentrated winding. In the electromagnet 8 for motor, the magnetic poles having the different polarities are formed in both end portions of the magnetic core 80 by passage of current through the winding 81. In the electromagnet 8 for motor, magnetic poles having different polarity are generated at both ends of the magnetic core 80. The respective windings 81 of the electromagnets 8 for motor are collectively connected in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel, and a DC power supply supplies the electric power to two terminals by the instruction from a control circuit 12.
As illustrated in FIGs. 1 and 2, the electromagnet 8 for the motor corresponds to the set of first permanent magnets 7 and 7a, in which one set includes the two permanent magnets and two magnetic poles are provided in two stages in the first disks 21 and 22, and the electromagnet 8 for the motor is disposed with a predetermined gap length. As described above, the polarity of the magnetic pole of the electromagnet 8 for the motor and the polarity of the magnetic pole plane of the first permanent magnet 7 opposite each magnetic pole of the electromagnet 8 for motor are identical to each other, and the polarity of the magnetic pole plane of the first permanent magnet 7 provided in the first disk 21 and the polarity of the first permanent magnet 7a provided in the first disk 22 are inverted between the first disk 21 and the first disk 22. In the motor generator 1, the first rotating body 2 has the two-stage configuration in which the first permanent magnet 7 fixed to the first disk 21 and the first permanent magnet 7a fixed to the first disk 22 are provided, the electromagnet 8 for motor is formed into the U-shape, and the two magnetic poles correspond to the two-stage first permanent magnet 7 and first permanent magnet 7a, respectively. Both magnetic fluxes of the first permanent magnet 7 and first permanent magnet 7a are utilized in order to rotate the first rotating body 2, which allows improvement of electric power-mechanical power energy conversion efficiency of the motor generator 1.
The electromagnet 8 for motor is fixed to the first frame 3 such that an angle ß at which a straight line (not illustrated) connecting the center O of the first disks 21 and 22 (first rotating body 2) and the center of the electromagnet 8 for motor and a magnetic flux center axis (not illustrated) of the electromagnet 8 for motor intersect each other becomes 0° < ß ≤ 20° when viewed from the direction of the center O of the first disk 21. When the ß is set to the range, the effect that a θ-torque characteristic, which will be described later, is changed is obtained compared with the case of ß=0. FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the state of ß=0.
The first frame 3 has the shaft 6 as the axis center, and the first frame 3 rotatably supports the first rotating body 2. The electromagnets 8 for motor and the position detecting sensor 10 are fixed to the first frame 3. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the first frame 3 includes two frame plates 30 that are coupled opposite each other at a predetermined interval. Each of the two frame plates 30 has a diameter that is larger than the maximum diameter of the first rotating body 2, that is, the diameter of the position detecting disk 24. Although not illustrated, a bearing is provided at a position that supports the axis of the shaft 6 of each frame plate 30.
Any sensor may be used as the position detecting sensor 10 as long as the sensor can detect the position (rotation angles) of the position detecting disk 24 that is rotated along with the first disk 21. For example, a photo interrupter may be used as the position detecting sensor 10. The position detecting sensor 10 is connected to a control circuit 12 that supplies the electric power from a battery (DC power supply) 13 to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor, and the position detecting sensor 10 provides the timing at which the power feeding is performed to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor to the control circuit 12. The position detecting sensor 10 of the embodiment transmits a detection signal indicating that a transparent region (portion that is not the colored region (marker)) of the position detecting disk 24 is detected to the control circuit 12 while the transparent region is detected. The control circuit 12 supplies the DC power of the battery 13 to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor at the time the detection signal is received from the position detecting sensor 10. Specifically, for example, the control circuit 12 turns on a switch (not illustrated) to perform the power feeding to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor while the photo interrupter that is of the position detecting sensor 10 receives an optical signal, and the control circuit 12 turns off the switch to stop the power feeding while the photo interrupter does not receive the optical signal.
The colored region (marker) is provided in the ring-like large diameter portion of the position detecting disk 24 projected from the peripheral edge of the first disk 22. When the position detecting sensor 10 detects the colored region by adjusting the position of the colored region, a torque can be generated in the reverse rotation direction (clockwise direction in FIG. 2) of the first rotating body 2 (first disk 21) in performing the power feeding to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor. The position detecting sensor 10 detects the colored region (marker) to stop the power feeding to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor, which allows the generation of the torque in the reverse rotation direction of the first rotating body 2. Although the control circuit 12 is not described in detail, a type of circuit in which energy of the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor is not consumed by resistance, but the energy is regenerated to the power supply is preferably used as the circuit 12. For example, a circuit in which only two self arc-suppressing elements usually used in an SRM (Switched Reluctance Motor) may be used as the circuit 12.
Next, a generator side of the present motor generator will be described below with reference to the drawings. As illustrated in FIGs. 1 and 3, the second rotating body 4 has a structure in which two second disks 41 and 42 and rotatably fixed at predetermined intervals to a shaft 6 which is the same rotation axis while a spacer 60 is interposed therebetween. In one of surfaces of each of the second disks 41 and 42, four second permanent magnets 14 and 14a are provided at equal intervals in a periphery of the second disks 41 and 42. On the other hand, in the second frame 5, four electromagnets 9 for generator are fixed by a second support member 5a according to four sets of second permanent magnets 14 in which one set includes two second permanent magnets 14. One of magnetic poles of a electromagnet 9 for generator corresponds to the second permanent magnet 14 (one of the two sets of permanent magnets 14 in which one set includes two second permanent magnets 14) of the second disk 41, and the other magnetic pole of the electromagnet 9 for generator corresponds to the permanent magnet 14a (the other set of permanent magnets 14 in which one set includes two first permanent magnets 14) of the other second disks 42.
The second permanent magnet 14 is formed into a plate shape in which the magnetic poles are formed in a surface and a back side, of which width is wider than that of the first permanent magnet 7. The second permanent magnet 7 is a rare-earth magnet such as a neodymium magnet like the first permanent magnet 7. The use of the second permanent magnet 14 in which an N pole and an S pole are formed in the surface and the back side extends each magnetic pole plane, which allows to lengthen the time of generation of the generator. And, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a are embedded in the second disk 41 and 42 to several millimeters. There is no particular limitation to a method for fixing the second permanent magnets 7 and 7a, but the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a may appropriately be fixed to the second disk 41 and 42 by mounting hardware.
As illustrated in FIG. 3, the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a are fixed such that an angle at which a straight line L3 passing from the center O of the second disks 41 and 42 (the second rotating body 4) to a center Q of the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a and a straight line L4 in a magnetic pole direction of the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a, that is, normal to the surface or back side of the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a overlap each other is set to 0° when viewed from the center O of the second disks 21 and 22. By this, generation time is lengthened more. In the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a, a polarity of the magnetic pole plane in an outside direction of the first disks 41 and 42 is identical to a polarity of the magnetic pole that is opposite the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a of the electromagnet 9 for generator.
The polarity of the magnetic pole plane in the outside direction (or inside direction) of each of the four second permanent magnets 14 provided in the second disk 41 and the polarity of the magnetic pole plane in the outside direction (or inside direction) of each of the four second permanent magnets 14a provided in the first disk 42 are inverted. Specifically, the magnetic pole plane of the N pole is orientated toward the outside of the second disk 41 in the second permanent magnet 14 provided in the second disk 41, and the magnetic pole plane of the S pole is orientated toward the outside of the second disk 42 in the second permanent magnet 14a provided in the second disk 42. This is because the polarities of the two magnetic poles of the electromagnet 9 for generator are different from each other. One of the magnetic poles of the electromagnet 9 for generator is opposite the magnetic pole plane outside the second permanent magnet 14 of the first disk 41, and the other magnetic pole of the electromagnet 9 for generator is opposite the magnetic pole plane outside the second permanent magnet 14a of the first disk 42. Accordingly, the polarity of the magnetic pole plane of the second permanent magnet 14 of the second disk 41 that is opposite to one of the magnetic poles of the electromagnet 9 for generator is different from the polarity of the magnetic pole plane of the second permanent magnet 14a of the second disk 42 that is opposite to the other magnetic pole of the electromagnet 9 for generator. The two second disks 41 and 42 are overlapped and fixed by the spacer 60 such that positions in a circumferential direction of the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a included in the second disks 41 and 42 become identical to each other. Accordingly, the generator side of the motor generator 1 wholly includes the four sets of second permanent magnets 14 and 14a in which one set includes two permanent magnets, that is, a total of eight second permanent magnets 14 and 14a. On the other hand, the generator side of the motor generator 1 wholly includes the four electromagnets 9 for generator.
The centers of the second disks 41 and 42 and the disk 43 are pierced by the shaft 6, and the shaft 6, the second disks 41 and 42 and the disk 43 are fixed and integrally rotated as the second rotating body 4. Since the second rotating body 4 is fixed to the same shaft 6 as the first rotating body 2 is, the second rotating body 4 rotates according the rotation of the first rotating body 2. As illustrated in FIG. 1, in a peripheral edge portion of the second rotating body 4, a film 11 is bonded so as to cover the whole peripheral edge portions of the second disk 41, second disk 42, and disk 43. Air in the second rotating body 4 is sealed by the film 11. Accordingly, when the second rotating body 4 is rotated, since the inside air is rotated along with the second rotating body 4, the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a are not subjected to the air resistance caused by the rotation. Therefore, the air resistance of the second rotating body 4 can be reduced to improve the rotation efficiency of the generator side of the motor generator 1.
In the electromagnets 9 for motor, winding 91 is wound around substantial U-shape magnetic core 90, namely, concentrated winding as in the electromagnets 8 for motor. The electromagnet 9 for the generator corresponds to the set of second permanent magnets 14 and 14a, in which the respective end portions of the magnetic core 90 are provided in two stages in the second disks 41 and 42, and the electromagnet 9 for generator is disposed with a predetermined gap length. In the electromagnet 9 for generator, the magnetic field around the winding 91 including the magnetic core 90 is varied according to the movement of the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a by the rotation of the second rotating body. Hence, an induced electromotive force is generated at the both ends of the windings 91 by the electromagnetic induction. Namely, the winding 91 is the AC voltage output winding. The respective windings 91 of the electromagnets 9 for generator are connected properly in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel and constitute single-phase winding or multi-phase winding to be connected to AC lamp, AC motor or other various AC power consuming apparatus. Moreover, the AC voltage can be rectified into DC voltage to be connected to DC power consuming apparatus.
As illustrated in FIGs. 1 and 3, in the generator side of the motor generator 1, corresponding to the set of second permanent magnets 14 and 14a which are provided in two stages in the two second disks 41 and 42, respective two air coils 15 are disposed with a predetermined gap length between the four electromagnets 9 for generator. Though it is not described in detail in FIG. 1 for the explanation, these air coils 15 are fixed in the second support member 5a like the electromagnets 9 for generator.
In the air coil 15, the magnetic field around the air coil 15 varies according to the movement of the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a by the rotation of the second rotating body, and an induced electromotive force is generated by the electromagnetic induction. A portion of the induced electromotive force is, for example, is charged into the battery 13 via a rectifier (not shown) which rectifies the AC power into DC power. By this, the power which is consumed by the battery 13 that provides DC power to the electromagnet 9 for motor can be restricted. Furthermore, since air coil 15 is used instead of the usual core, power can be generated effectively without load since there is no resistance. Also, power not used for charging the battery 13, for example, is used for various AC power consuming apparatus such as AC lamp, AC motor etc.
Herein after, the starting-up of the motor generator 1 according the present invention is described. As described above (see FIG. 3), in the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a, the angle α at which the straight line L1 passing through the center O of the first disks 21 and 22 (first rotating body 2) and the center P of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a and the straight line L2 in the magnetic pole direction of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a, that is, normal to the surface or back side of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a intersect each other is set to the range of 0° < α < 60° when viewed from the center O of the first disks 21 and 22. When a gradient of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a is set as described above, a θ-T characteristic of FIG. 4 is obtained. At this point, θ is a mechanical angle from the center of the electromagnet 8 for motor to the center of the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a when measured in the forward rotation direction (counterclockwise direction in FIG. 3) of the first rotating body 2 (first disks 21 and 22), and T is a detent torque (cogging torque) that is of a torque generated in the forward rotation direction by an attractive force between the magnetic core 80 and the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a when the power feeding is not performed to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the detent torque becomes zero in the state of θ=0°, that is, in the state in which the center of the first permanent magnet 7 is located at the front of the center of the electromagnet 8 for motor, and the state that the detent torque is 0 is a stable equilibrium point at which the first disk 21 is stopped.
On the other hand, assuming that T is an electromagnetic torque in the forward rotation direction of the first disk 21, which is generated between the electromagnet 8 for motor and first permanent magnet 7 when DC current of, for example, 1.90 A is supplied to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor with the DC power supply (battery) 13, a θ-T characteristic of FIG. 5 is obtained. When the current supplied to the electromagnet 8 for motor is changed, the stable equilibrium point and the unstable equilibrium point are changed. The stable equilibrium point and the unstable equilibrium point mean one position (point) in which the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are located in the stable equilibrium state with respect to the electromagnet 8 for motor and one position (point) in which the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are located in the unstable equilibrium state, respectively. In both the stable equilibrium state and the unstable equilibrium state, balance is established between an attractive force and a repulsive force of the electromagnet 8 for motor and first permanent magnet 7. In the stable equilibrium state, even if the first disk 21 is rotated in any direction, a force is applied in the opposite direction to the rotation direction by magnetic forces of the electromagnet 8 for motor and first permanent magnet 7, and the first disk 21 returns to the stable equilibrium state. On the other hand, in the unstable equilibrium state, when the first disk 21 is rotated in any direction, a force is applied in the rotation direction of the first disk 21 by the magnetic forces of the electromagnet 8 for motor and first permanent magnet 7, and the first disk 21 does not return to the unstable equilibrium state.
As can be seen from FIG. 5, the stable equilibrium points are located at θ=-20°, θ=70°, and the unstable equilibrium points are located at θ=-80°, θ=10°. The electromagnetic torque T becomes negative at an angle width of 30°, and the electromagnetic torque T becomes positive at an angle width of 60°. Since the average value of the electromagnetic torque T becomes zero, as can be seen from FIG. 5, the angle width is narrowed and an absolute value of the electromagnetic torque T is increased in a portion in which the electromagnetic torque T becomes negative. Hereinafter, the electromagnetic torque T in the portion in which the electromagnetic torque T becomes negative is referred to as "large-value narrow-angle torque". On the other hand, the angle width is spread and the absolute value of the electromagnetic torque T is decreased in a portion in which the electromagnetic torque T becomes positive. Hereinafter, the electromagnetic torque T in the portion in which the electromagnetic torque T becomes positive is referred to as "small-value wide-angle torque".
The utilization of the small-value wide-angle torque will be discussed below. FIG. 6 is an explanatory view illustrating a positional relationship among the first permanent magnet 7, the electromagnets 8 for motor, the colored region and transparent region of the position detecting disk 24, and the position detecting sensor 10 in a straight line fashion in the stable equilibrium state during non-power feeding to the electromagnet 8 for motor (that is, in the state in which the detent torque becomes zero while the first disks 21 and 22 are stopped). In FIG. 6, the angle β is an angle that is impressed on a stator such as the first frame 3 while the front face of the electromagnet 8 for motor is set to 0°, and the forward rotation of a rotor that is of the first rotating body 2 (first disks 21 and 22) is set to the positive direction. The forward rotation region and the reverse rotation region are fixed with respect to the electromagnet 8 for motor, that is, the angle β. In the forward rotation region, the electromagnetic torque T is generated in the forward rotation direction in the first disks 21 and 22 when the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are moved and located in the forward rotation region according to the rotation of the first disks 21 and 22. That is, the forward rotation region of FIG. 6 corresponds to the θ angle range where "small-value wide-angle torque" is generated in FIG. 5. In the reverse rotation region, the electromagnetic torque T is generated in the reverse rotation direction in the first disks 21 and 22 when the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are moved and located in the reverse rotation region according to the rotation of the first disks 21 and 22. That is, the reverse rotation region of FIG. 6 corresponds to the θ angle range where "large-value narrow-angle torque" is generated in FIG. 5. The left direction of FIG. 6 is the forward rotation direction of the first disk 21, and the colored region and transparent region of the position detecting disk 24 are moved leftward when the first permanent magnet 7 is moved leftward. Both the angle width of the forward rotation region and the angle width of the transparent region are set to 60°, and both the angle width of the reverse rotation region and the angle width of the colored region are set to 30°. The forward rotation region and reverse rotation region and the transparent region and colored region are continued, the forward rotation regions and the transparent regions exist at intervals of 30°, and the reverse rotation regions and colored regions exist at intervals of 60°. The position detecting disk 24 and the position detecting sensor 10 are set such that the position detecting sensor 10 is located in the colored region when the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are located in the reverse rotation region, and such that the position detecting sensor 10 is located in the transparent region when first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are located in the forward rotation region. In an example of FIG. 6, the position detecting sensor 10 is located at β=50°.
As can be seen from FIG. 6, in the stable equilibrium state in which the power feeding is not performed to the electromagnet 8 for motor, the first permanent magnet 7 is located in the reverse rotation region, and the position detecting sensor 10 of the position detecting disk 24 performs sensing in the colored region. Because the position detecting sensor 10 transmits the detection signal to the control circuit 12, the control circuit 12 does not supply the electric power from the battery to the electromagnet 8 for motor. Therefore, a certain type of idea is required in order that the first disk 21 is rotated to start up the motor generator 1 from the stable equilibrium state in which the power feeding is not performed to the electromagnet 8 for motor. The idea for starting up the motor generator 1 is roughly classified into a first method for moving the stable equilibrium point during the non-power feeding to the forward rotation region and a second method for temporarily and forcedly moving the first permanent magnet 7 to the forward rotation region in the start-up.
In the first method for moving the stable equilibrium point during the non-power feeding to the forward rotation region, the electromagnet 8 for motor is located with respect to the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a such that the positional relationship between the electromagnet 8 for motor and the first permanent magnet 7 in stopping the first disks 21 and 22 in the stable equilibrium state having the detent torque of zero because of no supply of the electric power to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor becomes a relationship in which the torque in the forward direction of the first disks 21 and 22 is continuously generated only at a predetermined rotation angle of the first disks 21 and 22 in starting the supply of the electric power to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor. That is, the detent torque (θ-T characteristic) is changed by moving the electromagnet 8(8a) for motor from the current position, that is, the position in which the electromagnet 8 for motor is separated from the electromagnet 8 for motor by 90°, whereby the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are located in the forward rotation region in the stable equilibrium state. When the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are located in the forward rotation region, because the sensing position of the position detecting sensor 10 exists in the transparent region, the power feeding is started to start up the first disks 21 and 22, that is, the motor side of the motor generator 1, which allows the motor generator 1 to be forwardly rotated.
For example, the detent torque (θ-T characteristic) is changed such that the first permanent magnet 7 near the electromagnet 8 for motor is located at β=11° in the stable equilibrium state. At this point, as can be seen from FIG. 6, the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are included in the forward rotation region, and the sensing position of the position detecting sensor 10 is included in the transparent region. The forward rotation region exists over the range of 70°-11°=59° in the forward rotation direction of the first disk 21, and the transparent region also exists over the range of 59°. Accordingly, while the first disks 21 and 22 are rotated by 59°, the power feeding is performed to the electromagnet 8 for motor, and the first disks 21 and 22 are forwardly rotated. When the rotation angle of the first disks 21 and 22 reaches 60° to become β=71°, the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are included in the reverse rotation region. However, because the sensing position of the position detecting sensor 10 is also included in the colored region, the power feeding to the electromagnet 8 for motor is stopped. Therefore, the electromagnetic torque T generated by the electromagnet 8 for motor becomes zero, and the detent torque T emerges. The detent torque T substantially has a positive value in the reverse rotation region, and inertia moment exists in the first disks 21 and 22, thereby continuing the forward rotation of the first disks 21 and 22. When the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a pass by the reverse rotation region having the angle width of 30°, the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a enter the forward rotation region having the angle width of 60° again, thereby continuing the forward rotation of the first disks 21 and 22. In order that the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a near the electromagnet 8 for motor are located at β=11° in the stable equilibrium state of the detent torque T in which the power feeding is not performed to the electromagnet 8 for motor, it is necessary that the two electromagnets 8 for motor be moved in the forward rotation direction of the first disks 21 and 22 by 22°. Hence, it is necessary that the electromagnet 8 for motor be moved from the position at β=90° to the position at β=112°. However, β=112° becomes the proper position when the two electromagnets 8 for motor and the two electromagnets 8(8a) for motor are provided.
On the other hand, the second method for temporarily and forcedly moving the first permanent magnet 7 to the forward rotation region in the start-up includes a method (2-1) for temporarily performing the power feeding to the electromagnet 8 for motor irrespective of the detection of the colored region with the position detecting sensor 10 and a method (2-2) for providing the narrow transparent region in the colored region.
The method (2-1) for temporarily performing the power feeding to the electromagnet 8 for motor irrespective of the detection of the colored region with the position detecting sensor 10, for example, is realized by adding a control circuit (not illustrated) to the circuit 12 that supplies the electric power of the DC power supply to the electromagnet 8 for motor. The circuit 12a supplies the electric power of the DC power supply to the electromagnet 8 for motor only for a predetermined period when a push button B (not illustrated) is pushed. More specifically, in the start-up of the motor generator 1, power feeding is performed to the electromagnet 8 for motor by pushing the push button B, the first disks 21 and 22 (first permanent magnets 7 and 7a) that are stopped in the stable equilibrium state of FIG. 6 is temporarily rotated in the reverse direction, the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a located in the reverse rotation region are moved to the forward rotation region, and the first disks 21 and 22 are turned to the forward rotation in the forward rotation region while the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a do not directly reach the reverse rotation region in the reverse rotation direction. That is, when the push button B is pushed, the first disks 21 and 22 are reversely rotated, the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a reach the forward rotation region, and the power feeding is performed to the electromagnet 8 for motor for a period (rotation angles) necessary for the first disks 21 and 22 to be turned to the forward rotation while the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a exist in the forward rotation region.
In the method (2-2) for providing the narrow transparent region in the colored region, the transparent region having a predetermined width is provided in the position detecting disk 24 in the sensing position of the position detecting sensor 10 in the state in which the first disk 21 is stopped in the stable equilibrium state having the detent torque T while the electric power is not supplied to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor. That is, as illustrated in FIG. 7, a transparent window region R having a predetermined angle width is provided in the colored region having the angle width of 30°. The transparent window region R has the width from the central sensing position of the position detecting sensor 10 in the forward rotation direction of the first disk 22 (position detecting disk 24). Because the transparent window region R is located in the sensing position of the position detecting sensor 10, when the control circuit 12 is operated, the power feeding is immediately performed to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor for a certain period (rotation angles). The first disks 21 and 22 (first permanent magnets 7 and 7a) are rotated in the reverse direction by performing the power feeding to the electromagnet 8 for motor as described above, the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a located in the reverse rotation region are moved to the forward rotation region, and the first disk 21 is turned to the forward rotation in the forward rotation region while the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a do not reach the reverse rotation region in the reverse rotation direction. Therefore, the transparent window region R has the angle width in which the power feeding is performed to the electromagnet 8 for motor for the necessary period. During the necessary period, the first disks 21 and 22 are reversely rotated, the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a reach the forward rotation region, and the first disks 21 and 22 are turned to the forward rotation while the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a exists in the forward rotation region. During usual rotation, due to a poor transient characteristic of the position detecting sensor 10, the transparent window region R is not detected and the control operation is not generated.
The utilization of the large-value narrow-angle torque will be discussed below. At this point, it is necessary that the colored region of the position detecting disk 24 be changed to the transparent region while the transparent region is changed to the colored region in FIG. 6 illustrating the settings of the position detecting disk 24 and position detecting sensor 10 in utilizing the small-value wide-angle torque. FIG. 8 illustrates the state in which the change has been done. FIG. 8 illustrates the stable equilibrium state (that is, the state in which the detent torque becomes zero while the first disks 21 and 22 are stopped) during the non-power feeding to the electromagnet 8 for motor. As can be seen from FIG. 8, the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a exist in the reverse rotation region, and the position detecting sensor 10 exists in the transparent region. Therefore, the position detecting sensor 10 transmits the detection signal to the control circuit 12, and the control circuit 12 supplies the electric power from the battery 13 to the electromagnet 8 for motor, thereby rotating the motor generator 1 in the reverse rotation direction. No particular idea for starting up the motor generator 1 is required when the large-value narrow-angle torque is utilized. However, when the electromagnet 8(8a) for motor is moved a little from a fixed position, it is necessary to pay attention such that the first permanent magnets 7 and 7a are not moved to the outside of the reverse rotation region in the stable equilibrium state during the non-power feeding.
According to the motor generator 1 of the present invention as described above, the second rotating body 4(the second disks 41 and 42) in the side of generator rotates by the rotation of the first rotating body 2 (first disks 21 and 22) in motor side while the first rotating body 2 acts as a motor. By this, according to the movement of the second permanent magnets 14 and 14a provided in the second disks 41 and 42 respectively, an induced electromotive force is generated with the electromagnetic induction by the variation of the magnetic field around the electromagnet 9 and air coil 15 which are installed in the side of generator. According to the motor generator 1 of the present invention, the power generated by the electromagnet 9 for generator are can be used for AC power consuming apparatus, and a portion of the power generated by the air coil is charged in the battery.
In the embodiment of the present invention, four electromagnets 8 for the motor and four electromagnets 9 for generator are used in the embodiment, the number of electromagnets is not limited, but is appropriately changed. However, preferably the number of electromagnets 8 for the motor or the number of electromagnets 9 for generator is determined such that the electromagnetic coupling is not generated between the adjacent electromagnets 8 for the motor, or the electromagnet 9 for the generator. And, in the above embodiments, two first disks 21 and 22 and two second disks 41 and 42 are provided in two stages, the first disk 21 and the second disk 41 can be provided in one stage. However, the two-stage configuration is preferable in order to enhance the energy efficiency of the motor generator 1 as a motor.
In the embodiment, the power feeding is performed to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor at the time the electromagnetic torque T becomes the positive value in FIG. 5, that is, the time the small-value wide-angle torque is generated. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment, for example, the power feeding may be performed to the winding 81 of the electromagnet 8 for motor at the time the electromagnetic torque T becomes the negative value, that is, the time the large-value narrow-angle torque is generated.
Although a preferred implementation of the present invention has been described for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims.
For example, the present invention can be applied to the motor generator which can convert the DC power effectively into AC power provided for home appliances.

Claims (4)

  1. A motor generator comprising:
    a first frame;
    a first disk that is rotatably attached to the first frame through a rotation axis;
    a second frame;
    a second disk that is rotatably attached to the second frame through the rotation axis;
    a plurality of first permanent magnets that are disposed on the first disk at equal intervals around the first disk, magnetic poles being formed in a surface and a back side of the first permanent magnet;
    a plurality of plate-like broad width second permanent magnets that are disposed on the second disk at equal intervals around the second disk, magnetic poles being formed in a surface and a back side of the second permanent magnet;
    a plurality of electromagnets for motor having first magnetic cores that are fixed to the first frame according to the plurality of the first permanent magnets and a first winding that is wound around each of the first magnetic cores;
    a battery supplying DC electric power to the first winding in order to rotate the first disk;
    a plurality of electromagnets for generator having second magnetic cores that are fixed to the second frame according to the plurality of the second permanent magnets and a second winding that is wound around the second magnetic cores wherein the first disk rotates by the magnetic force acting on the plurality of second permanent magnets from the electromagnets for motor, and the electromagnets for generator being generate induced electromotive force by the variation of the magnetic field around the second winding due to the movement of the plurality of the second permanent magnets disposed on the second disk that is rotating through the rotation axis; and
    a plurality of air coils disposed between the plurality of electromagnets for generator;
    wherein:
    the first permanent magnet is located such that an angle formed by a straight line passing through the center of the first disk and the center of the first permanent magnet and a normal line in the center of a magnetic pole plane of the first permanent magnet ranges is larger than 0° and smaller than 60°, whereby, when constant DC current is continuously supplied to the first winding, a large-value narrow-angle torque in which a rotation angle range where the first disk is rotated in a reverse direction is narrowed while a torque value is large and a small-value wide-angle torque in which a rotation angle range where the first disk is rotated in a normal direction is spread while the torque value is small are generated in a characteristic curve of a rotation angle of the first permanent magnet and an electromagnetic torque by the current of the first winding and the first permanent magnet, the rotation angle of the first permanent magnet being measured with respect to the first permanent magnet in a stable equilibrium operating state based on the first magnetic core, a detent torque becoming zero in the stable equilibrium operating state, the detent torque being generated by an attractive force between the first magnetic core and the permanent magnet during non-power feeding to the first winding, and the power feeding is performed to the first winding from the battery either when the large-value narrow-angle torque is generated, or when the small-value wide-angle torque is generated, and
    wherein at least a portion of induced electromotive force, which is generated in the air coil by the movement of said second permanent magnets according to the rotation of said second disk, is charged to said battery.
  2. The motor generator according to claim 1, wherein the second permanent magnets are fixed such that an angle at which a straight line passing the center of the second disks and the center of the second permanent magnets and a straight line which is normal line to the center of the magnetic surface of the second permanent magnets is set to 0°.
  3. The motor generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
    two first disk and two second disks are fixed to the rotation axis respectively,
    the polarity of the first permanent magnets provided in one first disk and the polarity of the first permanent magnets provided in the other first disk is opposite to each other,
    the polarity of the second permanent magnets provided in one second disk and the polarity of the second permanent magnets provided in the other second disk is opposite to each other,
    the first magnetic core is connected such that one end of which corresponds to the first permanent magnet provided in one first disk and the other end of which corresponds to the first permanent magnet provided in the other first disk, and
    the second magnetic core is connected such that one end of which corresponds to the second permanent magnet provided in one second disk and the other end of which corresponds to the second permanent magnet provided in the other second disk.
  4. The motor generator according to one of claim 1 to 3, wherein:
    the first frame, the second frame, the fist disk and the second disk are made of a non-metallic material.
PCT/KR2012/000497 2011-09-02 2012-01-19 A motor generator WO2013032072A1 (en)

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CN112895568A (en) * 2021-01-19 2021-06-04 李华燕 Many punching press of rotation type piece device for tablet production
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KR20130025781A (en) 2013-03-12
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