WO2013029776A1

WO2013029776A1 - Electric vehicle, motor vehicle, receiving device, and method for operating the electric vehicle

Info

Publication number: WO2013029776A1
Application number: PCT/EP2012/003606
Authority: WO
Inventors: Martin Biener; Andreas Mindt
Original assignee: Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2011-09-03
Filing date: 2012-08-28
Publication date: 2013-03-07
Also published as: DE102011112345A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric vehicle (1) having a receiving device (8), which is arranged detachably fastened to the vehicle body (4) and/or inside the vehicle body (4). The receiving device (8) comprises at least one holding means (9) for accommodating a motor vehicle (10) having an internal combustion engine and a transmission unit, by means of which energy generated by the internal combustion engine can be utilized for the drive unit (3) and/or for heating the passenger compartment (5) of the electric vehicle (1). The invention further relates to a motor vehicle (10) according to claim 2, to a receiving device (8) according to claim 3, and to a method according to claim 8.

Description

description

Electric vehicle, motor vehicle, cradle

and method of operating the electric vehicle

The invention relates to an electric vehicle, in particular a passenger car, with a drive device acting on a medium, for example a road, for generating a relative movement between the electric vehicle and the medium and with a body which encloses a passenger compartment, a storage device and an electric machine acting on the drive device.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a receiving device for fastening a motor vehicle to an electric vehicle and a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine.

The invention also relates to a method for operating such an electric vehicle and a cooling circuit for an internal combustion engine having a flow and a return, which connect the internal combustion engine with a heat exchanger, wherein a coolant, in particular a fluid, by the flow from the heat exchanger to the internal combustion engine and flows through the return from the engine to the heat exchanger.

Electric vehicles, so-called storage electric vehicles, achieve a range of about 150 kilometers according to the current state of storage technology. This limit results from the size and cost of the storage device. At growing

Requirements for air conditioning of the passenger compartment, i. Cooling demand in summer and heating demand in winter, the range is reduced significantly immediately. An increase in range or a high degree of climate comfort can only be achieved through a higher vehicle mass and increased costs.

To minimize these problems, so-called range extenders are known. A range extender is, for example, an internal combustion engine additionally installed in the vehicle, which is started when necessary and generates electricity for the electric machine via a generator. Another solution is a so-called hybrid drive. In a hybrid drive has a

CONFIRMATION COPY Vehicle an electric machine and an internal combustion engine, both of which are force coupled, for example, on a common drive shaft, are arranged in the vehicle.

From the document DE 94 14 493 U1 it is known to provide a passenger vehicle of variable size, which consists of two complete vehicles, which can be positively and positively connected to each other to the passenger car. In one embodiment of the passenger vehicle that includes a single vehicle

Internal combustion engine and the other individual vehicle, an electric machine for driving the single car and / or the passenger car.

The document US 2003/0047363 A1 shows a foldable two-wheeled vehicle, which can be mounted in a cargo space of a larger four-wheel vehicle and transported by this. The four-wheel vehicle is powered by a water-cooled four-stroke internal combustion engine, while the two-wheeled vehicle uses an electric motor to drive.

Against this background, the invention has the object, an electric vehicle of the type mentioned in such a way that the range can be increased if necessary, without raising the mass of the electric vehicle and without the size of the

Electric vehicle significantly affect.

This object is achieved with an electric vehicle according to the features of

Claim 1. The dependent claims relate to particularly expedient developments of the invention.

According to the invention, therefore, an electric vehicle is provided, which has a receiving device, which is detachably fastened to the body and / or arranged in the interior of the body, wherein the receiving device at least one holding means for receiving a

Motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine, such as a motorized two-wheeler, and a transmission device by means of which the energy generated by the internal combustion engine for the drive device and / or for heating the passenger compartment of the electric vehicle is usable includes. This makes it possible for a two-wheeled vehicle carried on or in the electric vehicle, such as scooters, motorcycles or motorcycles, to be used to increase the range of the electric vehicle. A motor vehicle may according to the invention but also another vehicle, such as a quad or ATV, a jet ski, a

Be a snowmobile or a work implement like a lawnmower. The motor vehicle is connected to the electric vehicle this as a range extender. Separately, that can be Motor vehicle as an independent vehicle, for example, in tight inner cities, are used.

The object is further achieved with a receiving device according to the features of claim 2 and with a motor vehicle according to the features of claim 3. The dependent claims relate to particularly expedient developments of the invention.

According to the invention, therefore, a receiving device is provided which has at least one holding means for receiving a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine and a

Transmission device, by means of which the electric power generated by the internal combustion engine for the drive device and / or the thermal energy for heating the passenger compartment of the electric vehicle is usable comprises.

According to the invention, a motor vehicle is provided which has a generator for

Generating electrical energy for an electric vehicle and of the

Recording device according to the invention can be received.

Is the motor vehicle connected to the electric vehicle, so it can be used to drive the

Electric vehicle does not act on the medium by force. That at the

Receiving device arranged motor vehicle has a distance to the medium. The medium is the substance or object, against which the electric vehicle or the motor vehicle are relatively movable. In a car or a two-wheeler, this may be a road, a boat in a water. Thus, the invention also relates, for example, to an electric vehicle, which is a boat, to which an automobile as a motor vehicle can be fastened by means of the receiving device.

The object is also achieved by a method according to the features of

Patent claim 8.

According to the invention, therefore, a method is provided in which the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle is started while the electric machine is operating below a limit value on the storage device, for example when the storage device of the electric vehicle is exhausted, and a generator connected to the storage device for operating the electric motor and / or for the regeneration of the storage device is driven by the internal combustion engine. In a preferred embodiment of the invention is a conventional Elektrof ahrzeug, which was supplemented by the receiving device for the motor vehicle. The receiving device serves both the fixing and mounting of the motor vehicle to the electric vehicle as well as in the simplest case of providing an electrical connection between the electric vehicle and the motor vehicle. It is advantageous that the

Motor vehicle comprises a generator and the transmission device of the

Receiving device is an electrical connection line, by means of which the generator with the electric machine and / or the storage device is electrically connected.

If an additional energy requirement occurs in the electric vehicle, the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle is started and the energy generated by the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle is made available to the electric vehicle. For this purpose, the recording device has a controller that is compatible with the control of the electric vehicle and the control of the

Motor vehicle cooperates. On the one hand, this interaction relates to the starting and stopping of the internal combustion engine and, on the other hand, also to the regulation of the internal combustion engine with regard to the optimization of the power, the emission of pollutants and / or the

Fuel consumption. For this purpose, for example, the setpoint speed of the internal combustion engine or a request request via a defined power of the controller

Internal combustion engine specified. The communication between the controllers can be wired. A favorable alternative to this is that the communication takes place wirelessly, for example by means of Bluetooth technology.

Another favorable embodiment is that the receiving device or the

Electric vehicle has a generator which via drive means with the

Internal combustion engine is connected. The drive means is for example a drive wheel and / or a PTO shaft of the motor vehicle. The transmission device comprises

For example, a shaft coupling or a roller bearing for receiving the drive wheel. This makes it possible that the motor vehicle does not have to carry the generator. This has a favorable effect both on the driving characteristics of the vehicle detached from the electric vehicle

Motor vehicle as well as the handling in the attachment and release of the

Motor vehicle to and from the recording device.

The inclusion of the motor vehicle can be outside of the body of the electric vehicle, for example on the bed or at the rear, preferably transverse to the direction of travel, or in larger electric vehicles, such as inibus or Van, also inside, for example, by the tailgate done. The arrangement of the motor vehicle on a trailer is possible, which then forms the receiving device. In a recording of the motor vehicle in the interior of the electric vehicle, the receiving device comprises a device for

Treatment and / or removal of the emissions generated by the internal combustion engine. The receiving device may still have an additional fresh air supply.

The invention makes it possible that the working as a range extender motor vehicle need only be carried if the need is accepted. The motor vehicle and the receiving device can be purchased separately from the electric vehicle. Above all, the motor vehicle can be used as a stand-alone vehicle.

For fastening the motor vehicle, the wheels of the motor vehicle are located on the

Cradle on. In addition, the receiving device has at least one further holding means, which is applied, for example, to an axle of the motor vehicle or to its body and / or frame structure. In a suitable embodiment of the invention, the receiving device is designed as a retrofit rear carrier. This can be purchased separately from electric vehicle and motor vehicle and includes the transmission device with all the necessary hydraulic, mechanical and electrical components. The generator for generating the electrical energy can be integrated in the receiving device, wherein the mechanical coupling with the

Internal combustion engine then takes place via a drive wheel or a PTO of the motor vehicle.

It is favorable that the transmission device of the recording at least one

Coolant line for the exchange of coolant between the electric vehicle and the motor vehicle comprises. The internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle has a

Fluid cooling, so the cooling circuits of the electric vehicle and the motor vehicle can be connected. As a result, on the one hand a simple and powerful cooling of the internal combustion engine is possible, on the other hand, the heat of the internal combustion engine can be used for the heating of the passenger compartment. The use of this heat provides an additional increase in the range of the electric vehicle.

The connection of the two cooling circuits takes place in a preferred embodiment via a coolant line of the transmission device. The coolant line has for this purpose a clutch, which is an actuator for a directional control valve in the cooling circuit of the

Electric vehicle and / or the motor vehicle has. By the interaction of the actuator and the directional control valve is by applying the clutch

For example, the connection between the engine and heat exchanger of the Motor vehicle interrupted and the coolant in the coolant line and so in the

Cooling circuit of the electric vehicle passed.

The transfer of power between the motor vehicle and the electric vehicle takes place in

the simplest case directly electric. For this purpose, the transmission device comprises an electrical connection between the generator of the motor vehicle and the electric vehicle. Alternatively, the mechanical power coupling between the motor vehicle and the receiving device is possible. For this purpose, either via a PTO, a torque from the motor vehicle passed to the generator integrated in the receiving device or the electric vehicle or recorded the rotational movement of a drive wheel of the motor vehicle from the transmission device and transmitted to the generator integrated in the receiving device or the electric vehicle.

For the transmission of heat from the internal combustion engine to the electric vehicle, the motor vehicle has a cooling circuit comprising a supply and a return, which connect the internal combustion engine with a heat exchanger, wherein a coolant, in particular a fluid, by the flow from the heat exchanger to the internal combustion engine and flows through the return from the engine to the heat exchanger. According to the invention, a directional control valve and two connections for a clutch are provided in the supply line or the return line. As a result, a quick connection and interconnection of the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine with that of the electric vehicle is possible.

Preferably, a switchable with the directional control valve bridging line of the heat exchanger is present between the flow and the return. Moreover, it is favorable that the directional control valve is designed to be actuatable by an actuating device of a coupling fixed to the connection.

The invention allows numerous embodiments. To further clarify its basic principle, one of them is shown in the drawing and will be described below. This shows in

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an electric vehicle with a receiving device for a motor vehicle.

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of an electric vehicle; Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a detail of the electric vehicle;

4 shows a schematic representation of a motor vehicle;

Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a refrigeration cycle;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic representation of the cooling circuit shown in Figure 5.

Figures 1, 2 and 3 show an electric vehicle 1 with acting on a medium 2

Drive means 3 for generating a relative movement between electric vehicle 1 and medium 2. The electric vehicle 1 has a body 4, which includes a passenger compartment 5, a storage device 6 and two electric machines 7, wherein each of the two

Drive means 3 is associated with an electric machine 7. By means of an electric machine 7, electrical energy is converted from the storage device 6 into mechanical energy, which is transmitted to the drive devices 3.

The electric vehicle 1 has a receiving device 8. The receiving device 8 is detachably fastened to the body 4. The receiving device 8 has at least one holding means 9 for receiving a motor vehicle 10.

FIG. 4 shows the motor vehicle 10, which comprises an internal combustion engine 11. The

Motor vehicle 10 also has a generator 12 for generating electrical energy for the electric vehicle. The rear wheel of the motor vehicle 10 is the drive means 28. Is in an alternative, not shown in the embodiment, the embodiment shown in Figure 1 receiving device 8 equipped with a generator 12, then it works

Drive means 28 of the motor vehicle 10 frictionally on the generator 12 a.

The receiving device 8 has a transmission device, not shown, by means of which the energy generated by the engine 1 shown in Figure 1 1 for the

Drive device 3 and / or for the heating of the passenger compartment 5 of the electric vehicle 1 is available.

The method for operating the electric vehicle 1 will be explained below with reference to FIGS. During operation of the electric machine 7, the internal combustion engine 1 1 of the motor vehicle 10 is started at a power request of the electric vehicle 1. These

Energy requirement may be a heating energy requirement or the need for electrical energy concern for the electric machine 7. Thus, for example, when the fuel level falls below a limit value, the internal combustion engine 1 1 of the motor vehicle 10 is started and a generator 12 connected to the storage device 6 for the operation of the electric machine 7 and / or for the regeneration of the storage device 6

Internal combustion engine 1 1 driven.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show a cooling circuit 13 for one shown in FIG

In the return 15 are a heat exchanger 20, a directional control valve 16 and two connections 17 for a clutch 18 a not shown refrigerant line of a transmission device of FIG. 1 shown receiving device 8 shown. The flow direction 19 of the coolant is indicated by arrows.

FIG. 5 shows the cooling circuit 13 in a closed functional state. In this case, no couplings 18 are applied to the terminals 17. The directional control valve 16 is characterized in a switching state in which the coolant from the heat exchanger 20 via the flow 14 to the internal combustion engine 1 1 and from the internal combustion engine 1 1 via the. Return 15 flows to the heat exchanger 20. A to bypass the heat exchanger 20, the return line 15 to the flow 14 connecting bridging line 21 is closed off on one side by the directional control valve 16 and flow-free inactive.

FIG. 6 shows an enlarged view of a section 22 of the cooling circuit 13 shown in FIG. 5. The cooling circuit is in an open functional state, in which couplings 18 are applied to the connections 17. Each clutch 18 has one

Actuator 23. An actuator 23 is preferred as one

executed concentric mandrel, which engages in the terminal 17. By the engagement of the actuating device 23, a closure cone 24 is moved against the force of a spring element 25 and thus the connection 17 to the clutch 18 is opened. In the directional control valve 17 is additionally moved by the actuator 23, a tube 26 and a closure plate 27 against the force of the spring element 25. In the illustrated switching position of

Directional valve 17 interrupts the tube 26, the return line 15. The opening of the closure plate 27 and the closure cone 24 now leaves the flow of the coolant from the

Internal combustion engine 1 1 via terminal 17 and coupling 18 to the electric vehicle 1 and of the electric vehicle 1 via coupling 18, port 17 through the tube 26 and the

Bridging line 21 to the internal combustion engine 1 1 to. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

electric vehicle

medium

driving means

body

Passenger compartment storage facility

electric machine

cradle

holding means

Motor vehicle internal combustion engine

generator

Cooling circuit

leader

Return valve

connection

clutch

flow direction

Heat exchanger bypass line

neckline

actuator

closure cone

Spring element tube Closer drive means

Claims

claims

1. Electric vehicle (1) having a on a medium (2) acting drive means (3) for generating a relative movement between the electric vehicle (1) and medium (2) and with a body (4) which a passenger compartment (5), a storage device (6) and an electric machine (7) acting on the drive device (3), characterized in that the electric vehicle (1) has a receiving device (8) releasably attached to the body (4) and / or inside the body (4) is arranged, wherein the receiving device (8) at least one holding means (9) for receiving a motor vehicle (10) with an internal combustion engine (1 1) and a transmission device by means of which the internal combustion engine (11) generated energy for the

Drive device (3) and / or for heating the passenger compartment (5) of the

Electric vehicle (1) is usable includes.

2. receiving device (8) for fixing a motor vehicle (10) on a

Electric vehicle (1), characterized in that the receiving device (8) at least one holding means (9) for receiving a motor vehicle (10) with a

Internal combustion engine (11) and a transmission device, by means of which the energy generated by the internal combustion engine (11) for the drive device (3) and / or for heating the passenger compartment (5) of the electric vehicle (1) is usable comprises.

3. Motor vehicle (10) with an internal combustion engine (1 1), characterized in that the motor vehicle (10) has a generator (12) for generating electrical energy for a

Electric vehicle (1).

4. Electric vehicle (1), motor vehicle (10) and / or receiving device (8) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the

Receiving device (8) has a generator (12) which is connected via a drive means (28) of the motor vehicle (10) with the internal combustion engine (11).

5. Electric vehicle (1), motor vehicle (10) and / or receiving device (8) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the motor vehicle (10) comprises a generator (12) and the transmission device of Receiving device (8) is an electrical connection line, by means of which the generator

(12) to which the electric machine (7) and / or the storage device (6) is electrically connected.

6. Electric vehicle (1), motor vehicle (10) and / or receiving device (8) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the

Transmission device of the receptacle (8) at least one coolant line to

Replacement of coolant between the electric vehicle (1) and the motor vehicle (10).

7. Electric vehicle (1), motor vehicle (10) and / or receiving device (8) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the

Coolant line has a coupling (18), which has an actuating device (23) for a directional control valve (16) in the cooling circuit (13) of the electric vehicle (1) and / or the motor vehicle (10).

8. A method for operating an electric vehicle (1) according to at least one of

preceding claims, characterized in that during operation of the electric machine (7) at an energy request of the electric vehicle (1) the

Internal combustion engine (1 1) of the motor vehicle (10) is started.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that when falling below a limit value at the storage device (6), the internal combustion engine (1 1) of the

Motor vehicle (10) started and connected to the memory device (6) and / or with the electric machine (7) generator (12) for the operation of the electric machine (7) and / or for the regeneration of the storage device (6) of the internal combustion engine ( 1 1) is driven.

10. Motor vehicle (10) according to at least one of claims 1 to 7 with a cooling circuit

(13) for an internal combustion engine (1 1) with a flow (14) and a return (15), characterized in that in the flow (14) or the return (15) a

Directional valve (16) and a connection (17) for a coupling (18) are provided.

1 1. Motor vehicle (10) according to claim 9, characterized in that between the

Flow (14) and the return (15) one with the directional control valve (16) switchable

Bridging line (21) of a heat exchanger (20) is present and / or the Directional control valve (16) by an actuating device (23) of one of the terminal (17) fixed coupling (18) is designed to be actuated.