WO2013029270A1 - 一种高强度耐磨气缸套及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强度耐磨气缸套及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2013029270A1
WO2013029270A1 PCT/CN2011/079267 CN2011079267W WO2013029270A1 WO 2013029270 A1 WO2013029270 A1 WO 2013029270A1 CN 2011079267 W CN2011079267 W CN 2011079267W WO 2013029270 A1 WO2013029270 A1 WO 2013029270A1
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cylinder liner
strength wear
preparing
resistant
resistant cylinder
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PCT/CN2011/079267
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English (en)
French (fr)
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薛德龙
秦小才
刘治军
邹悟会
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河南省中原内配股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2011/079267 priority Critical patent/WO2013029270A1/zh
Priority to CN201180012791.4A priority patent/CN102959110B/zh
Publication of WO2013029270A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013029270A1/zh
Priority to US13/968,827 priority patent/US9239111B2/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J10/00—Engine or like cylinders; Features of hollow, e.g. cylindrical, bodies in general
    • F16J10/02—Cylinders designed to receive moving pistons or plungers
    • F16J10/04—Running faces; Liners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/4927—Cylinder, cylinder head or engine valve sleeve making
    • Y10T29/49272—Cylinder, cylinder head or engine valve sleeve making with liner, coating, or sleeve

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of engine parts, and particularly relates to a high-strength wear-resistant cylinder sleeve and a preparation method thereof.
  • the cylinder liner is one of the key parts of the engine.
  • the material is mostly ordinary gray cast iron or alloy gray cast iron.
  • This type of cylinder liner mainly relies on reducing carbon equivalent and alloy strengthening to meet the requirements of strength and wear resistance.
  • the tensile strength is generally below 350MPa, and the strength and wear resistance are poor. It can not meet the energy saving and consumption reduction of high-power engine machines.
  • Development requirements for emission reduction At present, almost all of the cylinder liner cast iron products at home and abroad are developing in the direction of low emission.
  • the use of EGR has higher requirements for wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the cylinder liner in the engine. Therefore, the development of high-strength wear-resistant cylinder liners is an urgent problem that needs to be solved in the development of the prior art.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high-strength wear-resistant cylinder liner and a preparation method thereof, so as to meet the high requirements of the engine for the strength and wear resistance of the cylinder liner.
  • a high-strength wear-resistant cylinder sleeve the weight percentage composition of the cylinder liner is as follows: C3.0-3.3%, Si2.0-2.3%, P0.3-0.6%, S ⁇ 0.1%, Mn0.3-0.6 %, Mo 0.1-0.3%, Nb 0.08-0.15%, the balance is iron; the cylinder liner structure is phosphorus-containing acicular ferrite and carbon-rich austenite, wherein the phosphorus eutectic is not less than 3%.
  • the carbon content in austenite is 1.8-2.2%.
  • the trace amount of phosphorus in the cylinder liner can promote graphitization, and the alloying elements can increase the hardenability during quenching and facilitate the formation of acicular ferrite.
  • the invention still further provides a preparation method of the high-strength wear-resistant cylinder liner, the steps are basically as follows: according to the weight ratio of C3.0-3.3%, Si2.0-2.3%, Mn0.3-0.6%, Mo0 .1-0.3%, Nb0.08-0.15%, the balance is iron, the cylinder liner is made by centrifugal casting, austenitizing in neutral atmosphere, then austempering, and finally low temperature tempering Cylinder liner.
  • the casting temperature is 1320 ° C - 1400 ° C
  • the centrifuge speed is 1350-1400 rpm.
  • the pre-cooling time T 12+3*s before austenitizing, where s is the single-wall thickness of the cylinder liner, The unit of s is in mm and the unit of T is in s.
  • the conditions for austenitizing are incubated at 920 ° C ⁇ 10 for 90-100 min.
  • the austempering temperature is 330-350 ° C and the time is 75-85 min.
  • the quenching liquid is a nitrate salt, and the composition is a mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate, wherein the mass ratio of sodium nitrate to potassium nitrate is 1:1.
  • the temperature of low temperature tempering is 160-180 ° C, and the time is 90-120 min.
  • the portion not involved in the method may be conventionally used in the art.
  • the invention provides a cylinder sleeve containing phosphorus acicular ferrite and carbon-rich austenite, the structure containing phosphorus eutectic and molybdenum, niobium carbide, phosphorus-containing acicular ferrite and carbon-rich
  • the strength of cast iron is between ductile iron and gray cast iron, and has better wear resistance than gray cast iron and ductile cast iron. Therefore, the application of phosphorus-containing ferritic ferrite and carbon-rich austenitic cast iron, especially The engine applied to EGR highlights its corrosion resistance and wear resistance. This is the first time it has been used as a material on the engine after the discovery of spheroidal graphite and compacted graphite cast iron cylinder liners.
  • the structure is mainly obtained by a preparation method, wherein a cylinder liner is firstly produced by centrifugal casting.
  • the phosphorus-containing cast iron having a pearlite of not less than 95% and a matrix of pearlite can be stably produced, after pre-cooling.
  • the austenitization is carried out by heating in a neutral atmosphere, and then the austenite is formed into acicular ferrite and carbon-rich austenite by isothermal quenching of the phosphorus-containing cylinder liner, and the phosphorus eutectic is generated at the same time, so that the cylinder liner has high strength and resistance. Grinding, corrosion resistant features.
  • the performance of the cylinder liner obtained by the invention is as follows: the hardness is HRC38-43, Rm>400Mpa, and the corrosion resistance is good. Apply it to the EGR engine and it works well.
  • the invention Compared with the existing cylinder liner, the invention has the following advantages:
  • the cylinder liner of the invention is a phosphorus-containing acicular ferrite and a carbon-rich austenite structure, and has superior performance, overcomes the disadvantage of low wear resistance of the pearlite cylinder liner, and overcomes the resistance of the as-cast bainite cylinder liner.
  • the shortcoming of poor rot, the preparation process is simple and stable.
  • Example 1 is a structural diagram of a cylinder liner obtained by centrifugal casting of Example 1 after heat treatment;
  • Figure 2 is a metallographic picture of the optical microscope of Figure 1 magnified 500 times;
  • Figure 3 is an SEM image magnified 1000 times of Figure 1;
  • Example 4 is a structural diagram of a cylinder liner obtained by centrifugal casting of Example 2 after heat treatment;
  • Figure 5 is a metallographic picture of the optical microscope of Figure 4 magnified 500 times;
  • Fig. 6 is an SEM picture magnified 1000 times of Fig. 4.
  • the preparation method is as follows:
  • Centrifugal casting casting temperature 1380 ° C, centrifuge speed 1360 rev / min.
  • the cylinder liner blank is processed into a semi-finished product, and the inner hole and the outer circle are left with a margin of 0.5 mm; the semi-finished single-sided cylinder wall thickness is 8 mm, and the pre-cooling time is 36 seconds.
  • Heat treatment the liner is placed in a controlled atmosphere furnace for austenitizing at 920 ° C for 1.5 hours, and then quenched into a salt bath consisting of 50% potassium nitrate + 50% sodium nitrate. Isothermal at 340 ° C for 75 min; then tempered at 180 ° C for 2 h.
  • the obtained cylinder liner structure is acicular ferrite and carbon-rich austenite.
  • the graphite length is 4-8 mm, which satisfies the ATSM grade 5 standard.
  • the preparation method is as follows:
  • Centrifugal casting casting temperature 1400 ° C, centrifuge speed 1380 rev / min.
  • the cylinder liner blank is processed into a semi-finished product, and the inner hole and the outer circle are left with a remaining amount of 0.5 mm.
  • Heat treatment the liner is placed in a controlled atmosphere furnace at 920 ° C for austenitization for 100 min, then quenched into a salt bath consisting of 50% potassium nitrate + 50% sodium nitrate, 330 ° C isothermal for 85 min; then tempered at 180 ° C low temperature 2h.
  • the obtained cylinder liner structure is acicular ferrite and carbon-rich austenite.
  • the graphite length is 4-8 mm, which satisfies the ATSM grade 5 standard.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

一种高强度耐磨气缸套及其制备方法，所述气缸套重量百分组成如下：C 3.0-3.3%、Si 2.0-2.3%、P 0.3-0.6%、S<0.1%、Mn 0.3-0.6%、Mo 0.1-0.3%、Nb 0.08-0.15%、余量为铁；所述气缸套组织为含磷针状铁素体和富碳奥氏体，其中磷共晶不小于3%。该气缸套克服了珠光体缸套耐磨性低的缺点，同时也克服了铸态贝氏体耐腐蚀性差的缺点，硬度为HRC38-43，Rm>400MPa,强度高，耐腐蚀性好。

Description

一种高强度耐磨气缸套及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于发动机配件技术领域，特别涉及一种高强度耐磨气缸套及其制备方法。
背景技术
气缸套是发动机的关键零件之一，目前其材质多为普通灰铸铁或合金灰铸铁。该类气缸套主要是依靠降低碳当量和合金强化来满足强度和耐磨性的要求，抗拉强度一般为350MPa以下，强度和耐磨性较差，不能满足大功率发动机机器对节能、降耗、减排的发展要求。目前，国内外的缸套铸铁产品几乎都在向低排放方向发展， EGR的使用对发动机内的气缸套的耐磨、耐腐的要求更高。因此开发高强度耐磨气缸套是现有技术发展提出的一个迫在眉睫需要解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高强度耐磨气缸套及其制备方法，以满足发动机对气缸套强度与耐磨性的高要求。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种高强度耐磨气缸套，所述气缸套重量百分组成如下：C3.0-3.3%，Si2.0-2.3%，P0.3-0.6%，S＜0.1%，Mn0.3-0.6%，Mo0.1-0.3%,Nb0.08-0.15%，余量为铁；所述气缸套组织为含磷针状铁素体和富碳奥氏体，其中磷共晶不小于3%。
奥氏体中的含碳量为1.8-2.2%。
气缸套中的微量磷可以促进石墨化，合金元素在淬火时能增加淬透性、便于针状铁素体的形成。
本发明还进一步提供了所述的高强度耐磨气缸套的制备方法，步骤基本如下：按照重量百分配比C3.0-3.3%、Si2.0-2.3%、Mn0.3-0.6%、Mo0.1-0.3%、Nb0.08-0.15%，余量为铁进行配料，通过离心铸造制造出气缸套，在中性气氛中进行奥氏体化，之后等温淬火，最后低温回火获得所述气缸套。
离心铸造气缸套时，浇铸温度为1320℃-1400℃，离心机转速为1350-1400转/分。
离心铸造之后，奥氏体化之前预冷时间T=12+3*s，其中s为缸套单边壁厚， s的单位以mm计，T的单位以s计。
奥氏体化的条件为在920℃±10保温90-100min。
等温淬火的温度为330-350℃，时间为75-85min。
淬火液为硝盐，成分为硝酸钠与硝酸钾的混合液，其中硝酸钠与硝酸钾的质量比为1：1。
低温回火的温度为160-180℃，时间为90-120min。
方法中未涉及到的部分采用本领域常规技术手段即可。
本发明提供了一种含磷的针状铁素体和富碳奥氏体的缸套，组织内含有磷共晶和钼、铌的碳化物，含磷的针状铁素体和富碳奥氏体铸铁强度介于球墨铸铁和灰铸铁之间，同时具有比灰铸铁和球墨铸铁更好的耐磨性能，因此，含磷针状铁素体和富碳奥氏体铸铁的应用，特别是应用到EGR的发动机上更凸显出它的耐腐、耐磨的优越性，这是在发现球墨和蠕墨铸铁气缸套后，首次作为一种材质在发动机上使用。
其组织主要通过制备方法获得，其中先离心铸造生产出气缸套，本发明离心铸造工况下，能稳定地生产出珠光体不低于95%，基体为珠光体的含磷铸铁，预冷后通过中性气氛加热进行奥氏体化、然后通过含磷缸套的等温淬火获得组织为针状铁素体和富碳的奥氏体、同时磷共晶产生，使缸套具有强度高、耐磨、耐腐的特点。
本发明获得的气缸套的性能如下：硬度为HRC38-43，Rm＞400Mpa，耐腐蚀性好。将其应用于EGR发动机上，使用效果良好。
本发明相对于现有的气缸套，具有以下优点：
本发明气缸套为含磷的针状铁素体和富碳的奥氏体组织，性能优越，克服了珠光体缸套耐磨性低的缺点、同时也克服了铸态贝氏体气缸套耐腐性差的缺点，制备工艺简单、稳定。
附图说明
图1为实施例1离心铸造得到的气缸套通过热处理后的组织图；
图2为图1放大500倍的光学显微镜照的金相图片；
图3为图1放大1000倍的SEM图片；
图4为实施例2离心铸造得到的气缸套通过热处理后的组织图；
图5为图4放大500倍的光学显微镜照的金相图片；
图6为图4放大1000倍的SEM图片。
具体实施方式
以下以具体实施例来说明本发明的技术方案，但本发明的保护范围不限于此：
实施例1
高强度耐磨气缸套，其重量百分组成为（%）：
C:3.25，Si:2.25，P:0.35，S:0.08，Mn：0.5，Mo：0.2，Nb:0.082，余量为Fe。
制备方法如下：
离心铸造：浇铸温度1380℃，离心机转速1360转/min。
机加工：将缸套毛坯加工成半成品，内孔和外圆留0.5mm余量；半成品单边缸壁厚度为8mm，预冷时间为36秒。
热处理：缸套放入可控气氛炉中920℃奥氏体化1.5小时，然后淬入组成为50%硝酸钾+50%硝酸钠的盐浴中， 340℃等温75min；然后在180℃低温回火2h。
从图中1-3中可以看出，获得的气缸套组织为针状铁素体和富碳奥氏体，放大100倍的条件下，石墨长度为4-8mm，满足ATSM5级标准。气缸套的硬度平均为HRC41.1，Rm=432Mpa。
实施例2
高强度耐磨气缸套，其重量百分组成为（%）：
C:3.2，Si:2.15，P:0.35，S:0.07，Mn：0.35，Mo：0.26，Nb:0.12，余量为Fe。
制备方法如下：
离心铸造：浇铸温度1400℃，离心机转速1380转/min。
机加工：将缸套毛坯加工成半成品，内孔和外圆留0.5mm余量。
热处理：缸套放入可控气氛炉中920℃奥氏体化100min，然后淬入组成为50%硝酸钾+50%硝酸钠的盐浴中，330℃等温85min；然后在180℃低温回火2h。
从图中4-6中可以看出，获得的气缸套组织为针状铁素体和富碳奥氏体，放大100倍的条件下，石墨长度为4-8mm，满足ATSM5级标准。获得的气缸套硬度平均为HRC42.8，Rm=448 Mpa。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种高强度耐磨气缸套，其特征在于，所述气缸套重量百分组成如下：C3.0-3.3%，Si2.0-2.3%，P0.3-0.6%，S＜0.1%，Mn0.3-0.6%，Mo0.1-0.3%,Nb0.08-0.15%，余量为铁；所述气缸套组织为含磷针状铁素体和富碳奥氏体，其中磷共晶不小于3%。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的高强度耐磨气缸套，其特征在于，奥氏体中的含碳量为1.8-2.2%。
  3. 权利要求1所述的高强度耐磨气缸套的制备方法，其特征在于，按照重量百分配比C3.0-3.3%、Si2.0-2.3%、Mn0.3-0.6%、Mo0.1-0.3%、Nb0.08-0.15%，余量为铁进行配料，离心铸造制造出气缸套，在中性气氛中进行奥氏体化，之后等温淬火，最后低温回火获得所述气缸套。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的高强度耐磨气缸套的制备方法，其特征在于，等温淬火的温度为330-350℃，时间为75-85min。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的高强度耐磨气缸套的制备方法，其特征在于，淬火液为硝酸钾与硝酸钠质量比为1：1的混合液。
  6. 如权利要求3-5之一所述的高强度耐磨气缸套的制备方法，其特征在于，低温回火的温度为160-180℃，时间为90-120min。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的高强度耐磨气缸套的制备方法，其特征在于，奥氏体化的条件为在910-930℃保温90-100min。
  8. 如权利要求3-5之一所述的高强度耐磨气缸套的制备方法，其特征在于，离心铸造气缸套时，浇铸温度为1320℃-1400℃，离心机转速为1350-1400转/min。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的高强度耐磨气缸套的制备方法，其特征在于，离心铸造之后，奥氏体化之前预冷时间T为：T=12+3*s，其中s为缸套单边壁厚，计量单位是毫米;T的计量单位是秒 。
PCT/CN2011/079267 2011-09-02 2011-09-02 一种高强度耐磨气缸套及其制备方法 WO2013029270A1 (zh)

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CN106381442A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2017-02-08 常熟市精工模具制造有限公司 高耐磨d型石墨铁素基体的玻璃模具材料及其制造方法

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