WO2013023847A1 - Battery module having air cooling, and motor vehicle - Google Patents

Battery module having air cooling, and motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013023847A1
WO2013023847A1 PCT/EP2012/063677 EP2012063677W WO2013023847A1 WO 2013023847 A1 WO2013023847 A1 WO 2013023847A1 EP 2012063677 W EP2012063677 W EP 2012063677W WO 2013023847 A1 WO2013023847 A1 WO 2013023847A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery module
air
cells
module according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/063677
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Christian Pankiewitz
Achim Schmidt
Original Assignee
Sb Limotive Germany Gmbh
Sb Limotive Company Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sb Limotive Germany Gmbh, Sb Limotive Company Ltd. filed Critical Sb Limotive Germany Gmbh
Publication of WO2013023847A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013023847A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6566—Means within the gas flow to guide the flow around one or more cells, e.g. manifolds, baffles or other barriers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery module having a battery cell stack with at least two battery cells and a motor vehicle.
  • Battery modules represent rechargeable electrical energy storage, for example, find a wide use in portable consumer devices and in automotive applications, in particular lithium-ion batteries or
  • -Accumulators may be operated depending on the power requirement for a permanently safe and gentle operation only in a certain temperature range. Taking into account the performance and the slowest possible aging, for example, depending on the composition of a lithium-ion battery, an optimal operating temperature in the range between 30 ° C and 40 ° C is given.
  • Joule heat which can be described by the electrical current and the internal resistance of the cell, as well as heat due to reversible
  • Thermal management system used. For its design load cycles are usually used, with which the temperature rise can be predicted within the battery module in known thermal boundary conditions. Be tuned to the setting of the optimum operating temperature, for example in the
  • a cooling or cold plate over which the heat can be dissipated.
  • These plates may be air or fluid flows through and, depending on the degree of required cooling capacity, for example, be applied to water / glycol mixtures or evaporating refrigerant.
  • DE 10 2007 024 869 A1 describes a battery module which is arranged in a housing, wherein certain areas, preferably upper and lower sides of the housing, have a porous structure.
  • Cells of the battery module are positioned in the housing at a distance from each other, so that a cooling medium for temperature control can be passed through the housing. Disclosure of the invention
  • a battery module is provided with a battery cell stack having at least two, preferably prismatic, battery cells, each battery cell being contacted by at least one air channel, preferably a prismatic air channel, which is inserted into the battery cell stack.
  • Battery cell stack is inserted.
  • the inventive design of a battery module direct air cooling within the battery module is realized with little design effort.
  • the ratio of mantle to bottom surface is up to 25: 1. Therefore, despite lower heat transfer coefficients
  • Air cooling in comparison to the liquid cooling a cooling by flow around the battery cells technically feasible.
  • Air flow can through the free cross-sectional area of the air duct the
  • Flow rate can be adjusted.
  • Flow resistance can be realized by increasing the flow velocity and thus reducing the free channel cross section of the air ducts. This can be made simple and modular depending on the application.
  • each battery cell is positioned according to this particularly preferred embodiment of the invention between two air channels.
  • the air ducts used are formed by a hollow body, preferably by a prismatic hollow body having an inlet and a
  • the inlets and the outlets of the air ducts are each provided with a collecting device, so that the air flow can be guided in each case via a single inlet and outlet.
  • the collecting device for the inlets of the air ducts is to be noted that by suitable, known in the art means homogenization of the
  • Air flow with low pressure loss can be guaranteed to all
  • the two collecting devices are arranged on opposite sides of the battery module and also not on the side of the battery module having the contacts of the battery cells in order to make the construction of the battery module as simple as possible.
  • Battery module has for this purpose conventional means for air treatment, which are known from the prior art.
  • the battery cells and the air ducts are dimensioned such that a cuboid or prismatic battery cell stack results, which can advantageously be easily inserted into a corresponding battery housing and optionally braced to prevent swelling of the battery cells, in particular when using lithium batteries. Counteract ion cells during operation.
  • the air ducts are reinforced in the interior with braces to ensure the dimensional stability during compression of the battery cell stack or at a swelling of the battery cells.
  • the inner sides of the air channels are increased, preferably by introduced rib elements, on the other hand, the surface can be modified by turbulators so that the local
  • the contact surfaces of the battery cells and the air channels are preferably congruent to ensure the greatest possible transfer of heat.
  • the width of the air ducts is appropriately scaled according to the amount of heat to be absorbed, so that the battery cells or the battery module can be optimally tempered.
  • the housing of the battery cells and the air ducts are preferably made of a thermally conductive material in order to ensure an unhindered heat exchange between the battery cells and the air ducts.
  • the thermal resistance is minimized by heat conduction within the air duct wall by the lowest possible wall thickness and a suitable material selection.
  • the thermally conductive material is a metal, preferably iron or aluminum, more preferably aluminum, whereby an economical and trouble-free production is given.
  • Be coated plastic layer This is tuned such that the thermal resistance remains acceptable within the framework of the overall system, that is, there is sufficient heat transfer for cooling.
  • Battery module ensures that the air used for cooling does not come into contact with live parts.
  • this is designed as a lithium-ion accumulator.
  • the invention also relates to a motor vehicle with an electric drive motor for driving the motor vehicle and one connected to the electric drive motor or connectable according to the invention
  • Battery module preferably a lithium-ion battery.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of a battery cell stack of the battery module according to the invention of battery cells and air ducts, and
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the battery cell stack according to FIG. 1.
  • a battery cell stack 10 is shown for a battery module having prismatic battery cells 1 1, between which prismatic air channels 12 are arranged, both ends of the
  • Battery cell stack 10 each have an air channel 12. Therefore, each battery cell 1 1 is contacted on two opposite sides of an air duct 12. On the upper side 13 of the battery cell stack 10, the contacts 14 of the battery cells 1 1 are arranged for interconnection. On two opposite side surfaces 15,16 of the battery cell stack 10, which are formed by the narrow sides of the battery cells 1 1 and air channels 12, collecting devices 17, 18, which are shown schematically in Figure 2, located. By means of these collecting devices 17, 18, the air 19 used for cooling is distributed to inlets 20 in the air channels 12 and from the outlets not shown here on the opposite side of the
  • Air channels 12 merged again.
  • Arrangement of the contacts 14 and the collecting means 17, 18 is a simple separation of the live parts of the air used for cooling 19 possible. Since the battery cell stack 10 is usually clamped in a battery case, not shown here, struts 21 are provided in the air ducts 12, a deformation of the
  • the battery module 10 has other, usually existing facilities that are known from the prior art, for example, for guiding the air for cooling, for conditioning the air and control and regulating devices, which are not shown in Figures 1 and 2 ,

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery module having a battery cell stack (10) that comprises at least two battery cells (11), wherein every battery cell (11) is contacted by at least one air channel (12). The at least one air channel (12) is inserted into the battery cell stack (10). Sufficient cooling of the battery cells (11) by means of an air flow is thus possible despite a poor thermal transfer coefficient. The invention further relates to an embodiment of said battery module as a lithium-ion accumulator and to a motor vehicle.

Description

Beschreibung Titel  Description title
Batteriemodul mit Luftkühlung sowie Kraftfahrzeug  Battery module with air cooling and motor vehicle
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Batteriemodul einen Batteriezellenstapel mit mindestens zwei Batteriezellen aufweisend sowie ein Kraftfahrzeug. The present invention relates to a battery module having a battery cell stack with at least two battery cells and a motor vehicle.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Batteriemodule stellen wiederaufladbare elektrische Energiespeicher dar, die beispielsweise einen breiten Einsatz in tragbaren Konsumgeräten und in automobilen Anwendungen finden, wobei insbesondere Lithium-Ionen-Batterien bzw. Battery modules represent rechargeable electrical energy storage, for example, find a wide use in portable consumer devices and in automotive applications, in particular lithium-ion batteries or
-Akkumulatoren als Schlüsseltechnologie für die teilweise oder vollständige Accumulators as a key technology for partial or complete
Elektrifizierung von Fahrzeugen gelten. Electrification of vehicles apply.
Diese Batteriemodule und insbesondere Lithium-Ionen-Batterien bzw. These battery modules and in particular lithium-ion batteries or
-Akkumulatoren dürfen je nach Leistungsanforderung für einen dauerhaft sicheren und schonenden Betrieb nur in einem bestimmten Temperaturbereich betrieben werden. Unter Berücksichtigung der Leistungsfähigkeit und einer möglichst langsamen Alterung ist beispielsweise, je nach Zusammensetzung eines Lithium-Ionen-Akkumulators, eine optimale Betriebstemperatur im Bereich zwischen 30 °C und 40 °C gegeben. -Accumulators may be operated depending on the power requirement for a permanently safe and gentle operation only in a certain temperature range. Taking into account the performance and the slowest possible aging, for example, depending on the composition of a lithium-ion battery, an optimal operating temperature in the range between 30 ° C and 40 ° C is given.
Während des Betriebs von Zellen eines Batteriemoduls entsteht Wärme, nämlich Joulesche Wärme, die durch den elektrischen Strom und den inneren Widerstand der Zelle beschrieben werden kann, sowie Wärme, die aufgrund reversibler During the operation of cells of a battery module heat is generated, namely Joule heat, which can be described by the electrical current and the internal resistance of the cell, as well as heat due to reversible
Vorgänge in der Zelle freigesetzt wird. Diese Wärme muss abgeführt werden, um ein Aufheizen der Zelle über eine kritische Betriebstemperatur zu vermeiden. Dazu wird üblicherweise ein Processes in the cell is released. This heat must be dissipated to avoid heating the cell above a critical operating temperature. This is usually a
Thermomanagementsystem verwendet. Zu dessen Auslegung werden in der Regel Lastzyklen herangezogen, mit denen der Temperaturanstieg innerhalb des Batteriemoduls bei bekannten thermischen Randbedingungen vorhergesagt werden kann. Darauf abgestimmt werden zur Einstellung der optimalen Betriebstemperatur, beispielsweise bei der Thermal management system used. For its design load cycles are usually used, with which the temperature rise can be predicted within the battery module in known thermal boundary conditions. Be tuned to the setting of the optimum operating temperature, for example in the
Verwendung von einem Lithium-Ionen-Akkumulator in einem Kraftfahrzeug, Kühl- und Kältekreisläufe eingesetzt, um die im Betrieb erwärmten Akkumulatorzellen zu kühlen. Hierzu werden die Akkumulatorzellen bzw. deren Module Use of a lithium-ion battery in a motor vehicle, cooling and refrigeration circuits used to cool the battery cells heated during operation. For this purpose, the accumulator cells or their modules
üblicherweise mit ihrer Unterseite gegen eine Kühl- oder Kälteplatte gepresst, über welche die Wärme abgeführt werden kann. Dazu können diese Platten luft- oder fluiddurchströmt sein und, abhängig vom Grad der geforderten Kühlleistung, beispielsweise mit Wasser/Glykol-Gemischen bzw. verdampfendem Kältemittel beaufschlagt werden. Usually pressed with its underside against a cooling or cold plate over which the heat can be dissipated. These plates may be air or fluid flows through and, depending on the degree of required cooling capacity, for example, be applied to water / glycol mixtures or evaporating refrigerant.
So wird in der DE 10 2007 024 869 A1 ein Batteriemodul beschrieben, das in einem Gehäuse angeordnet ist, wobei bestimmte Bereiche, vorzugsweise Ober- und Unterseite des Gehäuses, eine poröse Struktur besitzen. Die einzelnenThus, DE 10 2007 024 869 A1 describes a battery module which is arranged in a housing, wherein certain areas, preferably upper and lower sides of the housing, have a porous structure. The single ones
Zellen des Batteriemoduls sind in dem Gehäuse mit Abstand zueinander positioniert, so dass ein Kühlmedium zur Temperierung durch das Gehäuse geleitet werden kann. Offenbarung der Erfindung Cells of the battery module are positioned in the housing at a distance from each other, so that a cooling medium for temperature control can be passed through the housing. Disclosure of the invention
Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Batteriemodul einen Batteriezellenstapel mit mindestens zwei, vorzugsweise prismatische Batteriezellen aufweisend bereitgestellt, wobei jede Batteriezelle von zumindest einem Luftkanal, vorzugsweise einem prismatischen Luftkanal, kontaktiert wird, der in den According to the invention, a battery module is provided with a battery cell stack having at least two, preferably prismatic, battery cells, each battery cell being contacted by at least one air channel, preferably a prismatic air channel, which is inserted into the
Batteriezellenstapel eingefügt ist.  Battery cell stack is inserted.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung eines Batteriemoduls wird eine direkte Luftkühlung innerhalb des Batteriemoduls mit geringem konstruktiven Aufwand realisiert. Bei prismatischen Zellen beträgt das Verhältnis von Mantel- zu Bodenfläche bis zu 25 : 1. Daher ist trotz geringeren Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten bei The inventive design of a battery module direct air cooling within the battery module is realized with little design effort. For prismatic cells, the ratio of mantle to bottom surface is up to 25: 1. Therefore, despite lower heat transfer coefficients
Luftkühlung im Vergleich zur Flüssigkeitskühlung eine Entwärmung durch Umströmung der Batteriezellen technisch umsetzbar. Air cooling in comparison to the liquid cooling a cooling by flow around the battery cells technically feasible.
Werden die Mantelflächen der Batteriezelle umströmt, stellen sich abhängig von der Geschwindigkeit des Luftstroms konvektive Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten zwischen 10 und 100 W/m2/K ein. Die gewählte Strömungsgeschwindigkeit zwischen den Zellen bzw. in den Luftkanälen kann einfach je nach realisierbarem Druckverlust für jeden Anwendungsfall adaptiert werden. Bei gegebenem If the lateral surfaces of the battery cell flow around, convective heat transfer coefficients between 10 and 100 W / m 2 / K are established depending on the velocity of the air flow. The selected flow velocity between the cells or in the air ducts can be easily adapted depending on the realizable pressure loss for each application. Given
Luftdurchsatz kann über die freie Querschnittsfläche des Luftkanals die  Air flow can through the free cross-sectional area of the air duct the
Strömungsgeschwindigkeit eingestellt werden. Flow rate can be adjusted.
Eine Verbesserung des Wärmeaustausche, allerdings auf Kosten des An improvement in heat exchange, but at the expense of
Strömungswiderstands, ist durch Erhöhung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und damit Reduzierung des freien Kanalquerschnitts der Luftkanäle realisierbar. Dies kann je nach Anwendungsfall einfach und modular vorgenommen werden. Flow resistance, can be realized by increasing the flow velocity and thus reducing the free channel cross section of the air ducts. This can be made simple and modular depending on the application.
Bevorzugt wird eine alternierende Anordnung von Batteriezellen und Luftkanälen, wobei vorzugsweise zudem an beiden Enden des Batteriezellenstapels jeweils ein Luftkanal angeordnet ist. Damit ist jede Batteriezelle nach dieser besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung zwischen zwei Luftkanälen positioniert. Die eingesetzten Luftkanäle werden durch einen Hohlkörper, vorzugsweise durch einen prismatischen Hohlkörper ausgebildet, der einen Einlass und einen Preference is given to an alternating arrangement of battery cells and air ducts, wherein preferably in each case an air duct is arranged at both ends of the battery cell stack. Thus, each battery cell is positioned according to this particularly preferred embodiment of the invention between two air channels. The air ducts used are formed by a hollow body, preferably by a prismatic hollow body having an inlet and a
Auslass für die zur Kühlung verwendete Luft aufweist. Mittels dieser Luftkanäle ist eine gezielte Luftführung innerhalb des Batteriemoduls möglich. Bevorzugterweise sind die Einlässe und die Auslässe der Luftkanäle jeweils mit einer Sammeleinrichtung versehen, so dass der Luftstrom jeweils über eine einzelne Zu- bzw. Ableitung geführt werden kann. Bei der Ausgestaltung der Sammeleinrichtung für die Einlässe der Luftkanäle ist zu beachten, dass durch geeignete, dem Fachmann bekannte Mittel eine Homogenisierung der Has outlet for the air used for cooling. By means of these air ducts a targeted air flow within the battery module is possible. Preferably, the inlets and the outlets of the air ducts are each provided with a collecting device, so that the air flow can be guided in each case via a single inlet and outlet. In the design of the collecting device for the inlets of the air ducts is to be noted that by suitable, known in the art means homogenization of the
Luftströmung mit geringem Druckverlust gewährleistet werden kann, um alleAir flow with low pressure loss can be guaranteed to all
Zellen gleichmäßig zu kühlen. Vorzugsweise sind die beiden Sammeleinrichtungen auf entgegengesetzten Seiten des Batteriemoduls angeordnet und zudem nicht auf der Seite des Batteriemoduls, die die Kontakte der Batteriezellen aufweist, um die Konstruktion des Batteriemoduls möglichst einfach zu gestalten. To cool cells evenly. Preferably, the two collecting devices are arranged on opposite sides of the battery module and also not on the side of the battery module having the contacts of the battery cells in order to make the construction of the battery module as simple as possible.
Durch die gekapselte Luftführung innerhalb des Moduls mittels der Luftkanäle können Maßnahmen für die Luftaufbereitung, das heißt Entfeuchtung und Filterung auf ein Minimum reduziert werden. Das erfindungsgemäße The encapsulated air flow within the module by means of the air ducts measures for the air treatment, ie dehumidification and filtering can be reduced to a minimum. The invention
Batteriemodul weist dazu übliche Einrichtungen zur Luftaufbereitung auf, die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt sind. Battery module has for this purpose conventional means for air treatment, which are known from the prior art.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Batteriezellen und die Luftkanäle derart dimensioniert, dass sich ein quaderförmiger bzw. prismatischer Batteriezellenstapel ergibt, der vorteilhafterweise einfach in ein entsprechendes Batteriegehäuse eingebracht und gegebenenfalls verspannt werden kann, um einem Anschwellen der Batteriezellen, insbesondere bei der Verwendung von Lithium-Ionen-Zellen während des Betriebs entgegenzuwirken. According to a preferred embodiment, the battery cells and the air ducts are dimensioned such that a cuboid or prismatic battery cell stack results, which can advantageously be easily inserted into a corresponding battery housing and optionally braced to prevent swelling of the battery cells, in particular when using lithium batteries. Counteract ion cells during operation.
Vorzugsweise sind die Luftkanäle im Innenraum mit Verstrebungen verstärkt, um beim Verpressen des Batteriezellenstapels bzw. bei einem Anschwellen der Batteriezellen die Formstabilität zu gewährleisten. Preferably, the air ducts are reinforced in the interior with braces to ensure the dimensional stability during compression of the battery cell stack or at a swelling of the battery cells.
Um den Wärmeübergang zu steigern, können nach bevorzugten In order to increase the heat transfer, can according to preferred
Ausführungsformen einerseits die Innenseiten der Luftkanäle vergrößert werden, vorzugsweise durch eingebrachte Rippenelemente, andererseits kann die Oberfläche durch Turbulatoren so modifiziert werden, dass der lokale Embodiments on the one hand, the inner sides of the air channels are increased, preferably by introduced rib elements, on the other hand, the surface can be modified by turbulators so that the local
Turbulenzgrad der Strömung an der Wandung erhöht und damit der konvektive Wärmeübergang verbessert wird. Dabei ist jedoch jeweils zu berücksichtigen, dass durch diese Maßnahmen der Strömungswiderstand erhöht wird. Increased turbulence of the flow on the wall and thus the convective heat transfer is improved. However, it should be noted in each case that the flow resistance is increased by these measures.
Die Kontaktflächen der Batteriezellen und der Luftkanäle sind vorzugsweise kongruent, um eine größtmögliche Übertragung der Wärme zu gewährleisten. Die Breite der Luftkanäle wird entsprechend der aufzunehmenden Wärmemenge passend skaliert, so dass die Batteriezellen bzw. das Batteriemodul optimal temperiert werden können. Die Gehäuse der Batteriezellen und die Luftkanäle bestehen vorzugsweise aus einem wärmeleitfähigen Material, um einen ungehinderten Wärmeaustausch zwischen den Batteriezellen und den Luftkanälen zu gewährleisten. The contact surfaces of the battery cells and the air channels are preferably congruent to ensure the greatest possible transfer of heat. The width of the air ducts is appropriately scaled according to the amount of heat to be absorbed, so that the battery cells or the battery module can be optimally tempered. The housing of the battery cells and the air ducts are preferably made of a thermally conductive material in order to ensure an unhindered heat exchange between the battery cells and the air ducts.
Vorzugsweise wird der thermische Widerstand durch Wärmeleitung innerhalb der Luftkanalwand durch eine möglichst geringe Wandstärke und eine geeignete Materialauswahl minimiert. Bevorzugterweise ist das wärmeleitfähige Material ein Metall, vorzugsweise Eisen oder Aluminium, besonders bevorzugt Aluminium, wodurch eine wirtschaftliche und problemlose Fertigung gegeben ist. Preferably, the thermal resistance is minimized by heat conduction within the air duct wall by the lowest possible wall thickness and a suitable material selection. Preferably, the thermally conductive material is a metal, preferably iron or aluminum, more preferably aluminum, whereby an economical and trouble-free production is given.
Zudem können die Luftkanäle auf der Außenfläche mit einer dünnen In addition, the air channels on the outer surface with a thin
Kunststoffschicht beschichtet sein. Diese ist derart abgestimmt, dass der thermische Widerstand im Rahmen des Gesamtsystems akzeptabel bleibt, das heißt ein zur Kühlung ausreichender Wärmeübergang gegeben ist. Be coated plastic layer. This is tuned such that the thermal resistance remains acceptable within the framework of the overall system, that is, there is sufficient heat transfer for cooling.
Vorteilhafterweise kann damit eine elektrische Isolierung zwischen den Zellen garantiert werden. Advantageously, thus an electrical insulation between the cells can be guaranteed.
Auch ansonsten ist durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung des Also otherwise, by the inventive design of the
Batteriemoduls sichergestellt, dass die zur Kühlung verwendete Luft nicht in Kontakt mit spannungsführenden Teilen kommt. Battery module ensures that the air used for cooling does not come into contact with live parts.
Nach einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Batteriemoduls ist dieses als Lithium-Ionen-Akkumulator ausgebildet. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the battery module, this is designed as a lithium-ion accumulator.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist zudem ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem elektrischen Antriebsmotor zum Antreiben des Kraftfahrzeugs und einem mit dem elektrischen Antriebsmotor verbundenen oder verbindbaren erfindungsgemäßen The invention also relates to a motor vehicle with an electric drive motor for driving the motor vehicle and one connected to the electric drive motor or connectable according to the invention
Batteriemodul, vorzugsweise einem Lithium-Ionen-Akkumulator. Battery module, preferably a lithium-ion battery.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben. Zeichnungen Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims. drawings
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand der Zeichnungen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen: Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings and the description below. Show it:
Figur 1 in einer Seitenansicht einen Batteriezellenstapel des erfindungsgemäßen Batteriemoduls aus Batteriezellen und Luftkanälen, und Figure 1 is a side view of a battery cell stack of the battery module according to the invention of battery cells and air ducts, and
Figur 2 in einer Aufsicht den Batteriezellenstapel nach Figur 1 . FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the battery cell stack according to FIG. 1.
Ausführungsformen der Erfindung Embodiments of the invention
In Figur 1 und Figur 2 ist ein Batteriezellenstapel 10 für ein Batteriemodul dargestellt, das prismatische Batteriezellen 1 1 aufweist, zwischen denen prismatische Luftkanäle 12 angeordnet sind, wobei beide Enden des In Figure 1 and Figure 2, a battery cell stack 10 is shown for a battery module having prismatic battery cells 1 1, between which prismatic air channels 12 are arranged, both ends of the
Batteriezellenstapels 10 jeweils einen Luftkanal 12 aufweisen. Daher ist jede Batteriezelle 1 1 auf zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten von einem Luftkanal 12 kontaktiert. Auf der Oberseite 13 des Batteriezellenstapels 10 sind die Kontakte 14 der Batteriezellen 1 1 zur Verschaltung angeordnet. An zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Seitenflächen 15,16 des Batteriezellenstapels 10, die durch die Schmalseiten der Batteriezellen 1 1 und Luftkanäle 12 ausgebildet werden, sind Sammeleinrichtungen 17, 18, die in Figur 2 schematisch dargestellt sind, befindlich. Mittels dieser Sammeleinrichtungen 17, 18 wird die zum Kühlen verwendete Luft 19 auf Einlässe 20 in den Luftkanälen 12 verteilt bzw. von den hier nicht dargestellten Auslässen auf der entgegengesetzten Seite der Battery cell stack 10 each have an air channel 12. Therefore, each battery cell 1 1 is contacted on two opposite sides of an air duct 12. On the upper side 13 of the battery cell stack 10, the contacts 14 of the battery cells 1 1 are arranged for interconnection. On two opposite side surfaces 15,16 of the battery cell stack 10, which are formed by the narrow sides of the battery cells 1 1 and air channels 12, collecting devices 17, 18, which are shown schematically in Figure 2, located. By means of these collecting devices 17, 18, the air 19 used for cooling is distributed to inlets 20 in the air channels 12 and from the outlets not shown here on the opposite side of the
Luftkanäle 12 wieder zusammengeführt. Durch die räumlich getrennte Air channels 12 merged again. Through the spatially separated
Anordnung der Kontakte 14 und den Sammeleinrichtungen 17, 18 ist eine einfache Trennung der spannungführenden Teile von der zur Kühlung verwendeten Luft 19 möglich. Da der Batteriezellenstapel 10 in der Regel in einem hier nicht dargestellten Batteriegehäuse verspannt wird, sind in den Luftkanälen 12 Verstrebungen 21 vorgesehen, die eine Verformung der Arrangement of the contacts 14 and the collecting means 17, 18 is a simple separation of the live parts of the air used for cooling 19 possible. Since the battery cell stack 10 is usually clamped in a battery case, not shown here, struts 21 are provided in the air ducts 12, a deformation of the
Luftkanäle 12 unter Druck verhindern. Ansonsten verfügt das Batteriemodul 10 über sonstige, üblicherweise vorhandene Einrichtungen, die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt sind, beispielsweise zur Führung der Luft zum Kühlen, zur Konditionierung der Luft sowie Steuer- und Regeleinrichtungen, die jedoch in den Figuren 1 und 2 nicht dargestellt sind. Prevent air ducts 12 under pressure. Otherwise, the battery module 10 has other, usually existing facilities that are known from the prior art, for example, for guiding the air for cooling, for conditioning the air and control and regulating devices, which are not shown in Figures 1 and 2 ,

Claims

Ansprüche  claims
Ein Batteriemodul einen Batteriezellenstapel (10) mit mindestens zwei Batteriezellen (1 1 ) aufweisend, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede A battery module comprising a battery cell stack (10) having at least two battery cells (1 1), characterized in that each
Batteriezelle (1 1 ) von zumindest einem Luftkanal (12) kontaktiert ist, der in den Batteriezellenstapel (10) eingefügt ist.  Battery cell (1 1) of at least one air channel (12) is contacted, which is inserted in the battery cell stack (10).
Das Batteriemodul nach Anspruch 1 , wobei die Batteriezellen (1 1 ) und der zumindest eine Luftkanal (12) prismatisch sind. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the battery cells (1 1) and the at least one air channel (12) are prismatic.
Das Batteriemodul nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei jeweils zwischen zwei Batteriezellen (1 1 ) ein Luftkanal (12) angeordnet ist. The battery module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in each case between two battery cells (1 1) an air channel (12) is arranged.
Das Batteriemodul nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei jede The battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each
Batteriezelle (1 1 ) zwischen zwei Luftkanälen angeordnet ist.  Battery cell (1 1) is arranged between two air channels.
Das Batteriemodul nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei der zumindest eine Luftkanal (12) jeweils einen Einlass (20) und einen Auslass aufweist, die jeweils mit einer Sammeleinrichtung (17, 18) versehen sein können. The battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one air passage (12) each has an inlet (20) and an outlet, each of which may be provided with a collecting means (17, 18).
Das Batteriemodul nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei der zumindest eine Luftkanal (12) im Innenraum Verstrebungen (21 ), Rippenelemente und/oder Turbulatoren aufweist. The battery module according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one air channel (12) in the interior struts (21), rib elements and / or turbulators.
Das Batteriemodul nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei ein Gehäuse der Batteriezellen (1 1 ) und der zumindest eine Luftkanal (12) aus einem wärmeleitfähigen Material bestehen. The battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a housing of the battery cells (1 1) and the at least one air duct (12) made of a thermally conductive material.
Das Batteriemodul nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei der zumindest eine Luftkanal (12) auf der Außenfläche mit einer Kunststoffschicht versehen ist. The battery module according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the at least one air channel (12) is provided on the outer surface with a plastic layer.
9. Das Batteriemodul nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei das 9. The battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the
Batteriemodul in einem Batteriegehäuse angeordnet und gegebenenfalls verspannt ist.  Battery module is arranged in a battery case and possibly braced.
10. Das Batteriemodul nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei das 10. The battery module according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the
Batteriemodul als Lithium-Ionen-Akkumulator ausgebildet ist.  Battery module is designed as a lithium-ion battery.
1 1 . Ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem elektrischen Antriebsmotor zum Antreiben des Kraftfahrzeugs und einem mit dem elektrischen Antriebsmotor verbundenen oder verbindbaren Batteriemodul gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10. 1 1. A motor vehicle having an electric drive motor for driving the motor vehicle and a battery module connected or connectable to the electric drive motor according to one of claims 1 to 10.
PCT/EP2012/063677 2011-08-16 2012-07-12 Battery module having air cooling, and motor vehicle WO2013023847A1 (en)

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