WO2013023340A1 - 一种金银花提取物、包含其的药物组合物及其用途 - Google Patents

一种金银花提取物、包含其的药物组合物及其用途 Download PDF

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WO2013023340A1
WO2013023340A1 PCT/CN2011/078335 CN2011078335W WO2013023340A1 WO 2013023340 A1 WO2013023340 A1 WO 2013023340A1 CN 2011078335 W CN2011078335 W CN 2011078335W WO 2013023340 A1 WO2013023340 A1 WO 2013023340A1
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antibiotic
bacteria
resistant
bacterium
caused
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PCT/CN2011/078335
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张铁军
石建功
孟红
韩丰年
马旭伟
李竹兰
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甘肃普源医药科技有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2011/078335 priority Critical patent/WO2013023340A1/zh
Priority to CN201180072833.3A priority patent/CN103889430B/zh
Publication of WO2013023340A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013023340A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/35Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle family)
    • A61K36/355Lonicera (honeysuckle)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04Antibacterial agents
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • a honeysuckle extract a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, and use thereof
  • the invention belongs to the field of pharmaceutical technology. Specifically, the present invention relates to the use of a plant extract obtained by extracting and purifying a traditional Chinese medicine honeysuckle or a plant of the same origin, Lonicera japonica or the same genus, for the preparation of an antibacterial agent. Background technique
  • “Honeysuckle” comes from the “Compendium of Materia Medica”, which is the collective name for Chinese herbal medicines and plants.
  • Plant honeysuckle also known as honeysuckle, is a perennial, semi-evergreen entwined woody vine of the family Lonicerae. Because the honeysuckle flower is initially white, and then turned yellow, it is named honeysuckle.
  • the medicinal material honeysuckle is the honeysuckle of the honeysuckle family and the dried flower buds or the first flowers of the same genus.
  • Honeysuckle has been praised as a good medicine for clearing away heat and detoxification since ancient times. It is one of the common antipyretic drugs commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has been used in clinical practice for thousands of years and is deeply loved by doctors and patients. It is sweet and cold, fragrant, sweet and cold, without hurting the stomach, and it is fragrant and fragrant. Honeysuckle can not only dispel the wind and heat, but also clear the blood poison, used in a variety of heat and sexual diseases, such as body heat, rash, hair spots, heat sores, sore throat and so on, all have significant effects. In modern studies, the mechanism of heat-clearing and detoxifying honeysuckle was discussed. For example, honeysuckle has obvious antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects.
  • honeysuckle extract 0.25g / kg can inhibit rat carrageenan foot swelling; injection of 30-40g / kg can reduce the degree of egg whiteness; 8g / kg, 2 times / day, also has obvious anti-exudation and anti-proliferation effects on rat croton oil granules.
  • honeysuckle has an important regulatory effect on the body's immune system. Honeysuckle decoction promotes the phagocytic function of leukocytes; intraperitoneal injection of honeysuckle injection also significantly promotes the phagocytic function of inflammatory cells.
  • honeysuckle contained organic acids, triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids and their glycosides, iridoid glycosides, volatile oils and the like.
  • the main active ingredient in honeysuckle is a chlorogenic acid compound; in addition, there is a volatile component linalool. Therefore, the quality of honeysuckle is usually evaluated by the content of chlorogenic acid.
  • the extraction and refining process of honeysuckle is mostly based on chlorogenic acid compounds, and a small part is based on volatile components.
  • chlorogenic acid has antibacterial and broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral effects, it is not the only antipyretic, bacteriostatic and antiviral component of honeysuckle, and chlorogenic acid can be inactivated by protein in vivo, its antibacterial and antibiotic resistance. The virus is not very effective. Moreover, the chlorogenic acid compound has Sensitization has also been recognized by more than a few researchers. Therefore, the active ingredients and mechanism of action of antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral of honeysuckle are not fully understood.
  • Patent No. ZL200610083556.7 discloses a plant prepared from Lonicera japonica Thunb. or its plant origin Lonicera japonica or other plants of the same genus A method of extracting, and a honeysuckle extract prepared by the method and a pharmaceutical composition containing the extract.
  • the invention discloses that the active ingredient in the prepared honeysuckle extract is Kailuan sylvestic acid and a derivative thereof, and the honeysuckle extract is found to have antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-viral properties. active.
  • the invention has no clear research contents and results on the antibacterial action of the prepared honeysuckle extract. Summary of the invention
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a honeysuckle extract which is used as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for diseases caused by bacteria.
  • the honeysuckle extract is prepared from honeysuckle or its root-derived plant Lonicera japonica or other plants, and the active ingredient thereof is Kailian.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition comprising the honeysuckle extract.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide use of the honeysuckle extract or pharmaceutical composition for the preparation of a medicament for preventing and/or treating a disease caused by bacteria.
  • the above technical solution is achieved by the following:
  • the present invention provides a honeysuckle extract for use as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for a disease caused by bacteria.
  • the honeysuckle extract contains an iridoid compound represented by the following structural formula:
  • X 2 represents 0, and R represents H;
  • R represents H;
  • 1 and 2 each independently represent 11, C 1-6 lower alkyl or C 2-6 lower alkenyl.
  • the main active ingredient of the honeysuckle extract is an open-linked sapogenin of formula (1).
  • the honeysuckle extract contains 50% by weight or more of the open-linked sassafras acid represented by the formula (1); further preferably, the honeysuckle extract contains 70% by weight or more of the open-shelled wood
  • the glucoside is more preferably 80% by weight or more; more preferably 90% by weight or more of the saponin.
  • honeysuckle extract described herein can be prepared according to the method disclosed in the patent ZL200610083556.7, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the honeysuckle extract is prepared by a process comprising the following steps:
  • step (1) to give the extract concentrated under normal pressure or under reduced pressure and dried to give extract, or spray dried to obtain a powder, after redissolution with water, containing not more than 95% by volume aqueous C r C 6 alkanol Performing precipitation or sedimentation to obtain a precipitate or a solution concentrate;
  • the method for preparing the honeysuckle extract comprises the following steps:
  • the extract obtained in the step (1) is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain an extract, dissolved in water, filtered, and concentrated to dryness, dissolved in 95% (v/v) aqueous solution of ethanol, and distilled water is added to make the solution contain 75% ethanol. (volume/volume), filtered after standing, and the filtrate is recovered from the flow extract of ethanol;
  • the preparation method further comprises purifying the eluate containing the iridoid compound obtained in the step (3) by gel chromatography;
  • the preparation method further comprises purifying the eluate containing the iridoid compound obtained in the step (3) through a Sephadex LH-20 gel column, and collecting the water eluate.
  • the honeysuckle extract of the present invention can be used for preparing a disease caused by preventing and/or treating bacteria.
  • a drug the bacteria being an antibiotic resistant bacteria, preferably a multibiotic antibiotic resistant bacteria; specifically, the antibiotic is selected from the group consisting of ampicillin, penicillin, piperacillin, tazobactam, amoxicillin, clavi Acid, cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime sodium, sulpiride, levofloxacin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem, cefepime, cefoxitin, gentamicin , amikacin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, compound sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, amika, sulbactam, ticarcillin, stick
  • the antibiotic is
  • the bacterium may be a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterium; further preferably, the multiplex antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterium is selected from the group consisting of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Krebs One or more of Bacillus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus, Enterobacter, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella, and Kaposi; more preferably, the multiple antibiotic resistant Gram The negative bacteria are Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and/or Klebsiella.
  • the bacterium is a Gram-positive bacterium resistant to multiple antibiotics; further preferably, the multiplex-antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterium is selected from the group consisting of Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and suppuration One or more of Streptococcus group A, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis; more preferably, the multi-antibiotic resistant Gram-positive bacteria are methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and/or Staphylococcus epidermidis.
  • the diseases caused by the bacteria are infection-related diseases caused by bacteria, particularly infectious diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as digestive system infections, blood system infections, respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, central nervous system infections, One or more of a bone joint infection, an ear, a mastoid and/or sinus infection, and a skin soft tissue infection; preferably, the disease caused by the bacteria is a respiratory infection caused by an antibiotic resistant bacteria.
  • the disease caused by the bacteria may be a respiratory infection caused by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterium; preferably, the disease caused by the bacterium is infectious by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterium Pneumonia; further preferably, the disease caused by the bacterium is a nosocomial pneumonia caused by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterium; more preferably, the disease caused by the bacterium is a multi-antibiotic-resistant Klebs Nosocomial infectious pneumonia caused by bacilli.
  • the disease caused by the bacterium is a respiratory infection caused by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterium; preferably, the disease caused by the bacterium is a pneumonia caused by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterium; further Preferably, the disease caused by the bacteria is pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above gold Silver flower extract; preferably, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or excipient.
  • the present invention provides the use of the above honeysuckle extract or the above pharmaceutical composition for the preparation of a medicament for preventing and/or treating a disease caused by a bacterium.
  • the bacteria are antibiotic resistant bacteria, preferably multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria.
  • the bacterium is a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterium; further preferably, the multiplex antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterium is selected from the group consisting of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae , one or more of Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus, Enterobacter, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and catarrhalis; more preferably, the multi-antibiotic resistant Gram negative The bacteria are Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and/or Klebsiella.
  • the bacterium is a Gram-positive bacterium resistant to multiple antibiotics; further preferably, the multiplex-antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterium is selected from the group consisting of Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and suppuration One or more of Streptococcus group A, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis; more preferably, the multi-antibiotic resistant Gram-positive bacteria are methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus And / or Staphylococcus aureus.
  • the diseases caused by the bacteria are infection-related diseases caused by bacteria, particularly infectious diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as digestive system infections, blood system infections, respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, central nervous system infections, One or more of a bone joint infection, an ear, a mastoid and/or sinus infection, and a skin soft tissue infection; preferably, the disease caused by the bacteria is a respiratory infection caused by the antibiotic resistant bacteria.
  • the disease caused by the bacteria is a respiratory infection caused by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria; further preferably, the disease caused by the bacteria is an infection caused by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria More preferably, the disease caused by the bacterium is a nosocomial pneumonia caused by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterium; and more preferably, the disease caused by the bacterium is a multi-antibiotic resistant Kreb Nosocomial pneumonia caused by Bacillus.
  • the disease caused by the bacterium is a respiratory infection caused by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterium; preferably, the disease caused by the bacterium is a pneumonia caused by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterium; further Preferably, the disease caused by the bacteria is pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
  • the invention provides a method of preventing and/or treating a disease caused by a bacterium, the method comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the above-described honeysuckle extract and/or the above pharmaceutical composition.
  • the bacteria are antibiotic resistant bacteria, preferably multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria.
  • the bacterium is a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterium; further preferably, the multiplex antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterium is selected from the group consisting of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae , one or more of Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus, Enterobacter, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and catarrhalis; more preferably, the multi-antibiotic resistant Gram negative The bacteria are Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and/or Klebsiella.
  • the bacterium is a Gram-positive bacterium resistant to multiple antibiotics; further preferably, the multiplex-antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterium is selected from the group consisting of Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and suppuration One or more of Streptococcus group A, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis; more preferably, the multi-antibiotic resistant Gram-positive bacteria are methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus And / or Staphylococcus aureus.
  • the diseases caused by the bacteria are infection-related diseases caused by bacteria, particularly infectious diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as digestive system infections, blood system infections, respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, central nervous system infections, One or more of a bone joint infection, an ear, a mastoid and/or sinus infection, and a skin soft tissue infection; preferably, the disease caused by the bacteria is a respiratory infection caused by the antibiotic resistant bacteria.
  • the disease caused by the bacteria is a respiratory infection caused by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria; further preferably, the disease caused by the bacteria is an infection caused by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria More preferably, the disease caused by the bacterium is a nosocomial pneumonia caused by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterium; and more preferably, the disease caused by the bacterium is a multi-antibiotic resistant Kreb Nosocomial pneumonia caused by Bacillus.
  • the disease caused by the bacterium is a respiratory infection caused by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterium; preferably, the disease caused by the bacterium is a pneumonia caused by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterium; further Preferably, the disease caused by the bacteria is pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
  • the research on the substance-based research of honeysuckle detoxification has set off a climax. Many research institutions or laboratories are committed to the separation and extraction of effective components of honeysuckle.
  • the inventors have found through extensive experiments that the prepared honeysuckle extract and its active ingredient are combined with scutellarin, which has the function of inhibiting and/or killing bacteria, especially antibiotic-resistant bacteria, in vitro and in vivo, including Significantly neutralizes the effects of bacterial endotoxin and antipyretic effects.
  • the bacteria include Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, and the effect on Gram-negative bacteria is more prominent than that of Gram-positive bacteria.
  • the honeysuckle extract is suitable for some Gram-negative bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, large
  • the half-inhibitory concentration of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is about 1 mg/ml, and the half-bacterial concentration against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus, is also 0.92 mg/ml.
  • the effective concentration of extracts or monomers is more than ten, tens or even hundreds of mg/ml.
  • the results of this experiment suggest that the half effective concentration of honeysuckle extract is only 1.1. Between -1.7 mg/ml, this is rare in Chinese herbal extracts, which indicates that the honeysuckle extract has a strong antibacterial effect on multi-drug resistant bacteria.
  • Fig. 1 is a HPLC chromatogram of the honeysuckle extract N4 prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, which was determined to contain 52.6% by weight of open-linked saponin.
  • Fig. 2 is a HPLC chromatogram of the honeysuckle extract N3 prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, which was determined to contain 79.3% by weight of open-linked saponin.
  • Fig. 3 is a HPLC chromatogram of the honeysuckle extract N2 prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, which was determined to contain 84.7% by weight of open-linked sassafras.
  • Fig. 4 is a HPLC chromatogram of the honeysuckle extract N1 prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, which was determined to contain 90.67% by weight of open-linked saponin.
  • Figure 5 is a HPLC chromatogram of the open-linked saponin standard used in the examples of the present invention, and the purity was 98.03% (by weight). The best way to implement the invention
  • the experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
  • the raw materials, reagent materials, etc. used in the following examples can be purchased from conventional biochemical reagent stores or pharmaceutical companies without special instructions. among them:
  • honeysuckle medicinal materials used in the examples were purchased from Beijing Tongrentang Chain Pharmacy, and the place of origin was Henan. It was processed by Peizhou Jingyi Traditional Chinese Medicine Pieces Factory, batch number 200502014, and was identified as the Lonicera japonica Thunb. Dry flower buds.
  • the HPLC method was used for the determination of the content of the open-linked saponin in the honeysuckle extract, and the following instruments and conditions were specifically used:
  • Reagents Chromatography with acetonitrile; purified water; analytically pure acetic acid.
  • the strains used in the examples were Escherichia coli, Pseudomona aeruginosa, Klehsielia pneuniordae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
  • the clinical isolate which is a multi-drug resistant strain, is provided by the Clinical Laboratory of the Fourth Hospital of Jinan City, Shandong province. The drug resistance is shown in Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 below.
  • Bacillus subtilis is provided by the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
  • R resistance
  • S sensitive
  • I mediation (moderate resistance).
  • AMP ampicillin
  • PIP piperacillin
  • TZP piperacillin/tazobactam
  • AMC amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
  • CZO cefazolin
  • CXM cefuroxime
  • CTX cefotaxime
  • CAZ ceftazidime
  • CRO ceftriaxone
  • IPM imipenem
  • FEP cefepime
  • FOX cefoxitin
  • GEN gentamicin
  • AMK amikacin
  • CIP ciprofloxacin
  • TCY tetracycline
  • NIT nitrofurantoin.
  • AK amikacin
  • ATM aztreonam
  • AMP ampicillin
  • CRO ceftriaxone
  • CLS Shupushen
  • CXM cefuroxime sodium
  • CAZ ceftazidime
  • CTX cefotaxime
  • CFP cephalosporin Piperketone
  • CIP Ciprofloxacin
  • CN Qingda
  • FEP cefepime
  • LEV levooxyfluoride
  • NOR norfloxacin
  • PIP piperacillin
  • SAM amika/sulbactam
  • TIM ticarcillin / clavulanic acid
  • TOB refractory
  • TZP gemini star
  • IPM imipenem
  • MH minocycline
  • MEM meropenem.
  • PEN penicillin
  • OXA oxacillin
  • SAM ampicillin/penicillin
  • FOX cefoxitin
  • GEN gentamicin
  • AMK amikacin
  • CIP ciprofloxacin
  • VAN vancomycin
  • RIF rifampicin
  • SXT compound sulfamethoxazole
  • TCY tetracycline
  • CLI clindamycin
  • NIT nitrofurantoin.
  • tissue sectioning operation used in the examples is based on "Pathology Technology", People's Medical Publishing House, 1st edition, 39-41 pages; Hematoxylin-eosin staining operation according to Pathology Technology, People's Medical Publishing House, 1st edition, 41-43.
  • Constant temperature incubator Shanghai Yuejin Medical Devices No. 1 Factory.
  • Spectrophotometer produced by East China Electronic Tube Factory.
  • Microplate reader Product of the Swiss company Leibo.
  • honeysuckle medicinal material 500g
  • coarsely pulverize it and extract it twice with 50% (vol/vol) ethanol aqueous solution with a weight of 13 times dry weight of the honeysuckle medicinal material, and extract for 1 hour each time.
  • the extracts were combined, concentrated to a thick extract under reduced pressure, dissolved in 450 ml of distilled water, cooled to room temperature, allowed to stand for 24 hours, and filtered to give a clear solution.
  • the clear solution was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure, and 1600 ml of a 95% (v/v) aqueous solution of ethanol was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred well, and distilled water was slowly added thereto to make the solution contain 75% (v/v) of ethanol, allowed to stand for 24 hours, and filtered. The filtrate was collected, and the ethanol was recovered under reduced pressure to a flow extract.
  • the flow extract was added with water (500 ml), dissolved and filtered, and the filtrate was passed through a pretreated styrene SP-825 macroporous adsorption resin color column, followed by 5 times the amount of resin column volume of water, and then 6 20% (vol/vol) of the volume of the resin column was eluted with an aqueous ethanol solution, and the ethanol was recovered under reduced pressure to give an alcohol-free taste, and lyophilized to obtain 4.31 g of honeysuckle extract (Hollywood extract N4).
  • the HPLC extract was used to determine 52% of the extract of the honeysuckle extract N4 (see Figure 1 for chromatogram).
  • the honeysuckle is treated to the resin ethanol eluate according to the above method, and the ethanol is recovered under reduced pressure, and further purified by Sephadex LH-20 gel color column, including elution with water, collecting the sample liquid, recovering under reduced pressure, and freeze-drying, according to the condensation.
  • the number of purifications of the gel column was obtained, and the honeysuckle extracts N3, N2 and Nl were obtained, respectively.
  • Kailuan saponin as a reference, the HPLC method was used to determine the content of the extract of N. sinensis in N3, which was 79.3% (see Figure 2).
  • N2 contains Kailianmu The glycoside was 84.7% (see Figure 3 for chromatograms); N1 contained 90.67% of open sapphire (see Figure 4 for chromatograms).
  • Example 2 In vitro inhibition of clinically resistant strains of honeysuckle extract and kaifusinic acid in this example The honeysuckle extracts Nl, N2, N3, N4 and saponin of the preparation of Example 1 were determined in this example. In vitro inhibition of acid (NO) against clinically resistant strains Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis.
  • NO acid
  • the above 6 strains lyophilized were inoculated into a nutrient broth liquid medium. Take about 4ml of broth culture medium, add 1ml of liquid strain, incubate at 37 °C for 20 hours, observe Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis; Bacillus subtilis, patina Pseudomonas grows on the surface and forms a membrane. The inoculation culture was repeated to obtain an activated strain.
  • test sample honeysuckle extracts Nl, N2, N3, N4 and Kailuan saponin (NO) were diluted with PBS to a concentration of 40 mg/ml, and then diluted 2 times to the ratio of ⁇ 'J (1:2) 1 : 4, 1 : 8, 1 : 16, 1 : 32, 1 : 64, 1 : 128 ).
  • the activated bacterial suspension was diluted to a concentration equivalent to 0.5 McMurray standard, and after dilution with broth medium 1:10, ⁇ broth was added to each well.
  • the stock solution and the different concentrations of the antibacterial drug solution after dilution are separately added to the sterilized 96-well plate, and the first to eighth holes are added with the drug solution, and each well is ⁇ , at this time, the drug concentration of the first hole to the eighth hole 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.3125, 0.15625 mg/mL
  • the microplate reader was tested at 630 nm, and the inhibition rate of bacteria was calculated by Formula 2, and the obtained data was substituted into Formula 1 to calculate the specific distance, and the ratio was less than 50% of the disease rate virus dilution index.
  • Half of the bacteriostatic concentration was obtained (Reed-Muench method).
  • Bacterial inhibition rate (inhibition test OD value - drug control OD value) / (bacterial solution control OD value - blank control OD value) ...
  • the honeysuckle extract and the saponin have certain inhibitory effects on the above-mentioned clinical resistant bacteria and spores, and the effect on Gram-negative bacteria is more prominent than that of Gram-positive bacteria.
  • N1 is the best in addition to the sapogenin, such as Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • the half-inhibitory concentration is 1.1 ⁇ 1.7 mg/ml.
  • the half-bacterial concentration of the positive Bacillus licheniformis also reached 1.6 mg/ml.
  • the bacterial test strain used in this example is Klebsiella spp. in Table 1, and is specifically isolated from the sputum sample of clinical pneumonia patients of the Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan City. The drug resistance is shown in Table 1.
  • Test drug Honeysuckle extract N 1 , milky white crystalline powder.
  • Gentamicin Sulfate Injection (Specification: 2ml 80,000 units; purchased from Tianjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., production batch number 09082732)
  • Ceftazidime for injection (Specification: lg; purchased from Shandong Weiqida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., production batch number 20081204)
  • the inoculum was slowly dropped into the nasal cavity of the animal, and the body was erected to allow the inoculated liquid to enter the tracheobronchial.
  • the normal control group was inoculated with bacterial culture medium 5 ( ⁇ L, and the other groups of animals were inoculated with Klebsiella bacterial liquid 5 ( ⁇ L (freshly expanded bacterial solution diluted to 1.5 ⁇ 10 8 CFU/ml).
  • the drug-resistant control group (gentamicin group) was intramuscularly injected with gentamicin daily at 400 units/unit (200 ⁇ ) once a day;
  • the sensitive drug control group (ceftazidime) was injected daily with 30mg/200ml, once a day;
  • the honeysuckle extract N1 efficacy model group was injected with honeysuckle extract N1 (200 ⁇ ) daily, once a day, the dosage is shown in Table 8. ;
  • Normal control group and model control group were injected with normal saline 200 ⁇ once daily for 6 days.
  • Each experimental group (except the anti-drug control group) was administered by tail vein injection on the first 1-4 days, and the fifth to sixth passages were administered by intraperitoneal injection.
  • the normal control group showed that the lung tissue was milky white and shiny
  • the lungs of the model control group showed blood red color, purple-red spots or plaques, and sometimes the whole lung lobe showed consolidation (the bottom of formalin) or the atelectasis of individual lung lobe (the lobe atrophy into small groups);
  • Honeysuckle extract N1 efficacy model group 2 animals in two groups of lung tissue red can also see purple red spots, the other 8 animals lung tissue observation similar to the normal control animals, occasionally the surface distribution of red spots;
  • the lung tissue of the N1 low-dose group was reddish and distributed with purple-red spots, similar to the model group animals;
  • the lung tissue of the drug-resistant control group was similar to that of the model group;
  • the lung tissue of the animal was white with occasional red spots.
  • the paraffin-embedded HE (hematoxylin-eosin) stained tissue sections were examined by microscopy. The scores were scored according to the following tissue case scoring system. The results are shown in Table 10.
  • Pathology scoring system (References: [l] Martin RJ, Chu HW, Honour JM, Airway inflammation and bronchial hypersponsiveness after mycoplasma pneumoniaw infection in a murine model J Am J Reapir Cell Mol Biol. 2001.24:577; [2] Xiaohong , Xin Deli, Hou Ancun et al. Establishment of a mouse model of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and application of histopathological scoring method, Chongqing Medical 2004: vol 33(9): 1338-1340 ):
  • the honeysuckle extract N1 has a significant effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae-mouse pneumonia in vivo, and has a dose-effect relationship.

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Abstract

一种金银花提取物、含有该提取物的药物组合物及其用途。所述金银花提取物中含有环烯醚萜类化合物;可抗多种多重抗生素耐药菌,包括多重耐药的革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌;可用于制备预防和/或治疗细菌、特别是多重抗生素耐药菌造成的疾病的药物。

Description

Figure imgf000002_0001
L 丄丄 ιυι^ ΐ" 一种金银花提取物、 包含其的药物组合物及其用途 技术领域
本发明属于制药技术领域。具体而言,本发明涉及从中药金银花或其基 源植物忍冬或同属植物中提取、 精制得到的植物提取物在制备抗菌药物中 的用途。 背景技术
"金银花"一名出自 《本草纲目》 , 为中药材和植物的统称。 植物金银花 又名忍冬, 为忍冬科多年生、 半常绿缠绕木质藤本植物。 由于忍冬花初开为 白色, 后转为黄色, 因此得名金银花。 药材金银花即为忍冬科忍冬属植物忍 冬及同属植物干燥花蕾或初开的花。
金银花自古被誉为清热解毒的良药,是我国传统医学常用的清热解毒药 物之一, 几千年以来, 在临床上发挥着突出疗效, 深受医患人群的喜爱。 它 性甘寒、 气芳香, 甘寒清热而不伤胃, 芳香透达又可祛邪。 金银花既能宣散 风热, 还善清解血毒, 用于各种热性病, 如身热、 发疹、 发斑、 热毒疮痈、 咽喉肿痛等证, 均效果显著。 近代研究对金银花清热解毒的机制作了初步探 讨。 例如, 金银花有明显的解热和抗炎作用, 腹腔注射金银花提取液 0.25g / kg, 能抑制大鼠角叉菜胶性脚肿; 注射 30-40g / kg 能减轻蛋清性脚肿程 度; 注射 8g / kg、 2次 /天, 对大鼠巴豆油性肉芽嚢也有明显抗渗出和抗增 生的作用。 另外认为金银花对机体免疫系统有重要的调节作用, 金银花煎剂 促进白细胞的吞噬功能; 腹腔注射金银花注射液, 也有明显促进炎性细胞吞 噬功能的作用。
对金银花化学成分的研究表明, 金银花中含有有机酸类、 三萜皂苷类、 黄酮及其苷类、 环烯醚萜苷类、 挥发油等。 虽然从金银花中已经分离得到并 鉴定了多种成分, 但目前认为金银花中主要有效成分为绿原酸类化合物; 此 外, 还有挥发性成分芳樟醇等。 因此, 通常以绿原酸的含量高低来评价金银 花质量的优劣, 金银花的提取、 精制工艺多以绿原酸类化合物为考察指标, 少部分以挥发性成分为考察指标。 绿原酸虽具有解热和广谱的抗菌、 抗病毒 作用, 但其并非是金银花中唯一解热、 抑菌和抗病毒成分, 且绿原酸在体内 能被蛋白质灭活, 其抗菌和抗病毒作用并不强。 而且, 绿原酸类化合物具有 致敏作用亦为逾来逾多的研究者所共识。 因此, 对金银花解热、镇痛、 消炎、 抗菌、 抗病毒的有效成分和作用机理尚不完全清楚。
专利号为 ZL200610083556.7, 发明名称为"金银花提取物, 其制备方法 和应用 "的发明专利公开了一种从中药金银花 (Lonicera japonica Thunb.)或其 基源植物忍冬或同属其他植物中制备植物提取物的方法, 以及由该方法制备 的金银花提取物和含有该提取物的药物组合物。该发明公开了所制得的金银 花提取物中的有效成分为开联番木鳖苷酸及其衍生物类化合物, 并发现该金 银花提取物具有解热、 镇痛、 消炎、 抗菌和抗病毒的活性。 但是, 该发明对 于制得的金银花提取物的抗菌作用并无明确的研究内容及结果。 发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种用作细菌所引起疾病的预防剂和 /或治 疗剂的金银花提取物。该金银花提取物从金银花或其基源植物忍冬或同属其 他植物制备得到, 其中的有效成分为开联番木鳖苷酸。
本发明的另一个目的是提供包含所述金银花提取物的药物组合物。
本发明的又一个目的是提供所述金银花提取物或药物组合物在制备用 于预防和 /或治疗细菌所引起疾病的药物中的用途。
本发明的还一个目的是提供一种预防和 /或治疗细菌所引起疾病的方法。 上述技术方案通过以下实现:
一方面,本发明提供了一种用作细菌所引起疾病的预防剂和 /或治疗剂的 金银花提取物。
其中, 述金银花提取物含有以下述结构式表示的环烯醚萜类化合物:
Figure imgf000003_0001
( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) 其中
式(1 ) 中, X2表示 0, R表示 H; 式(2 )、(3 )、(4 )中, 12各自独立地表示11、 C1-6低级烷基或 C2-6 低级链烯基。
优选地, 所述金银花提取物的主要有效成分为式(1 ) 的开联番木鳖苷 酸。
优选地, 所述金银花提取物中含 50重量%以上的以式( 1 )表示的开联 番木鳖苷酸; 进一步优选地, 所述金银花提取物中含 70 重量%以上的开联 番木鳖苷酸;更优选含 80重量%以上的开联番木鳖苷酸;最优选含 90重量% 以上的开联番木鳖苷酸。
可以根据专利 ZL200610083556.7公开的方法制备本文所述金银花提取 物, 该专利的公开内容以引用的方式全部并入本文。 根据本发明的具体实施 方式, 所述金银花提取物通过包括以下步骤的方法制备:
( 1 )将植物金银花或其基源植物忍冬或同属其他植物粉碎, 然后用水 和 /或含量不大于 95体积%的 CrC6烷醇水溶液进行提取, 得到提取液;
( 2 )将步骤( 1 )得到的提取液经常压或减压浓缩干燥得到浸膏, 或经 喷雾干燥得到粉末, 再用水溶解后, 用含量不大于 95体积%的 CrC6烷醇水 溶液进行沉淀或沉降, 得到沉淀物或溶解液浓缩物;
( 3 )将经步骤( 2 )得到的沉淀物或溶解液浓缩物用色谱方法分离纯化, 收集含有环烯醚萜类化合物的洗脱液,其中所述的色谱方法选自大孔吸附树 脂柱色谱法、 正相硅胶色谱法和反相硅胶色谱法中的一种或多种;
优选地, 所述金银花提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
( 1 )将金银花药材粉碎, 以 50% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液提取, 从而 得到提取液;
( 2 )将步骤(1 )得到的提取液减压浓缩得到浸膏, 加水溶解, 过滤, 溶液浓缩至干, 加 95% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液溶解, 同时加入蒸馏水使 溶液含乙醇 75% (体积 /体积), 静置后过滤, 滤液回收乙醇的流浸膏;
( 3 )向将步骤(2 )得到的流浸膏加水溶解并过滤, 滤液通过苯乙烯大 孔吸附树脂色语柱, 然后依次用水、 20% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液洗脱, 回 收 20% (体积 /体积 ) 乙醇水溶液洗脱液中的乙醇;
更优选地, 所述制备方法进一步包括将步骤(3 )获得的含有环烯醚萜 类化合物的洗脱液通过凝胶色谱纯化;
最优选地, 所述制备方法进一步包括将步骤(3 )获得的含有环烯醚萜 类化合物的洗脱液通过 Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱柱纯化, 收集水洗脱液。
本发明的金银花提取物可以用于制备预防和 /或治疗细菌所引起疾病的 药物, 所述细菌为抗生素耐药菌, 优选为多重抗生素耐药菌; 具体地, 所述 抗生素选自氨苄西林、 青霉烷砜、 哌拉西林、 他唑巴坦、 阿莫西林、 克拉维 酸、 头孢唑林、 头孢呋辛、 头孢曲松、 头孢呋新钠、 舒普深、 左旋氧氟、 头 孢噻肟、 头孢他啶、 亚胺培南、 头孢吡肟、 头孢西丁、 庆大霉素、 阿米卡星、 环丙沙星、 氯霉素、 复方新诺明、 四环素、 呋喃妥因、 氨曲南、 环丙沙星、 诺氟沙星、 氨卡、 舒巴坦、 替卡西林、 棒酸、 妥布霉素、 特治星、 亚胺培南、 米诺环素、 美罗培南、 青霉素、 苯唑西林、 红霉素、 万古霉素、 利福平和克 林霉素中的一种或多种。
优选地, 所述细菌可以为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌; 进一步优选 地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌选自大肠杆菌、 铜绿假单胞菌、 克 雷伯氏杆菌、 鲍曼不动杆菌、 变形杆菌、 肠科杆菌属、 流感嗜血杆菌、 肺炎 杆菌和卡他菌属中的一种或多种; 更优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏 阴性菌为大肠杆菌、 铜绿假单胞菌和 /或克雷伯氏杆菌。
或者, 所述细菌为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌; 进一步优选地, 所 述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌选自金黄色葡萄球菌、耐曱氧西林金黄色 葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌 A组、肺炎链球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和表皮葡萄球菌 中的一种或多种; 更优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌为耐曱氧 西林金黄色葡萄球菌、 金黄色葡萄球菌、 枯草芽孢杆菌和 /或表皮葡萄球菌。
此外, 所述细菌所引起疾病为细菌引起的感染类疾病, 特別是抗生素耐 药菌引起的感染类疾病,例如消化系统感染,血液系统感染,呼吸系统感染, 尿路感染, 中枢神经系统感染, 骨关节感染, 耳、 乳突和 /或鼻窦感染以及皮 肤软组织感染中的一种或多种; 优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为由抗生素耐 药细菌引起的呼吸系统感染。
其中, 所述细菌所引起疾病可以为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌引起 的呼吸系统感染; 优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏 阴性菌引起的感染性肺炎; 进一步优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生 素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌引起的院内感染性肺炎; 更优选地, 所述细菌所引起 疾病为多重抗生素耐药的克雷伯氏杆菌引起的院内感染性肺炎。
或者, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌引起的呼 吸系统感染; 优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性 菌引起的肺炎; 进一步优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为耐曱氧西林金黄色葡 萄球菌引起的肺炎。
另一方面, 本发明还提供一种药物组合物, 所述药物组合物包含上述金 银花提取物;优选地,所述药物组合物还包括药学上可接受的载体和 /或赋形 剂。
又一方面, 本发明提供上述金银花提取物或上述药物组合物在制备用于 预防和 /或治疗细菌所引起疾病的药物中的用途。
其中, 所述细菌为抗生素耐药菌, 优选为多重抗生素耐药菌。
优选地, 所述细菌为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌; 进一步优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌选自大肠杆菌、 铜绿假单胞菌、 克雷伯 氏杆菌、 鲍曼不动杆菌、 变形杆菌、 肠科杆菌属、 流感嗜血杆菌、 肺炎杆菌 和卡他菌属中的一种或多种; 更优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性 菌为大肠杆菌、 铜绿假单胞菌和 /或克雷伯氏杆菌。
或者, 所述细菌为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌; 进一步优选地, 所 述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌选自金黄色葡萄球菌、耐曱氧西林金黄色 葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌 A组、肺炎链球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和表皮葡萄球菌 中的一种或多种; 更优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌为耐曱氧 西林金黄色葡萄球菌和 /或金黄色葡萄球菌。
此外, 所述细菌所引起疾病为细菌引起的感染类疾病, 特別是抗生素耐 药菌引起的感染类疾病,例如消化系统感染,血液系统感染,呼吸系统感染, 尿路感染, 中枢神经系统感染, 骨关节感染, 耳、 乳突和 /或鼻窦感染以及皮 肤软组织感染中的一种或多种; 优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为由所述抗生 素耐药细菌引起的呼吸系统感染。
优选地,所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌引起的 呼吸系统感染; 进一步优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革 兰氏阴性菌引起的感染性肺炎; 更优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生 素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌引起的院内感染性肺炎; 再优选地, 所述细菌所引起 疾病为多重抗生素耐药的克雷伯氏杆菌引起的院内感染性肺炎。
或者, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌引起的呼 吸系统感染; 优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性 菌引起的肺炎; 进一步优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为耐曱氧西林金黄色葡 萄球菌引起的肺炎。
再一方面,本发明提供一种预防和 /或治疗细菌所引起疾病的方法,所述 方法包括给有此需要的患者施用治疗有效量的上述金银花提取物和 /或上述 药物组合物。
其中, 所述细菌为抗生素耐药菌, 优选为多重抗生素耐药菌。 优选地, 所述细菌为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌; 进一步优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌选自大肠杆菌、 铜绿假单胞菌、 克雷伯 氏杆菌、 鲍曼不动杆菌、 变形杆菌、 肠科杆菌属、 流感嗜血杆菌、 肺炎杆菌 和卡他菌属中的一种或多种; 更优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性 菌为大肠杆菌、 铜绿假单胞菌和 /或克雷伯氏杆菌。
或者, 所述细菌为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌; 进一步优选地, 所 述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌选自金黄色葡萄球菌、耐曱氧西林金黄色 葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌 A组、肺炎链球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和表皮葡萄球菌 中的一种或多种; 更优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌为耐曱氧 西林金黄色葡萄球菌和 /或金黄色葡萄球菌。
此外, 所述细菌所引起疾病为细菌引起的感染类疾病, 特別是抗生素耐 药菌引起的感染类疾病,例如消化系统感染,血液系统感染,呼吸系统感染, 尿路感染, 中枢神经系统感染, 骨关节感染, 耳、 乳突和 /或鼻窦感染以及皮 肤软组织感染中的一种或多种; 优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为由所述抗生 素耐药细菌引起的呼吸系统感染。
优选地,所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌引起的 呼吸系统感染; 进一步优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革 兰氏阴性菌引起的感染性肺炎; 更优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生 素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌引起的院内感染性肺炎; 再优选地, 所述细菌所引起 疾病为多重抗生素耐药的克雷伯氏杆菌引起的院内感染性肺炎。
或者, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌引起的呼 吸系统感染; 优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性 菌引起的肺炎; 进一步优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为耐曱氧西林金黄色葡 萄球菌引起的肺炎。 绿原酸及其衍生物被认为具有抗菌、 抗病毒活性之后, 金银花清热解毒 的物质基 研究掀起了一个高潮, 多家研究机构或实验室都致力于金银花有 效成分的分离和提取。
本发明人经过大量实验,发现制备的金银花提取物及其有效成分开联番 木鳖苷酸, 在体外、体内都具有抑制和 /或杀灭细菌, 特別是抗生素耐药菌的 作用, 包括具有显著的中和细菌内毒素的作用和退热作用。 所述细菌包括革 兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌,且对革兰氏阴性菌效果较革兰氏阳性菌效果更 为突出。 该金银花提取物对部分革兰氏阴性菌、 例如肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌、 大 肠埃希氏杆菌、 铜绿假单胞菌的半数抑菌浓度均在 l mg/ml左右, 对革兰氏 阳性菌、 例如芽孢杆菌的半数抑菌浓度也达到 0.92mg/ml。 目前中药提取物 抗菌作用的资料并不少见, 提取物或单体半数有效浓度多在十、 数十甚至上 百 mg/ml ; 而本实验检测结果提示, 金银花提取物的半数有效浓度仅在 1.1-1.7 mg/ml之间, 此在中药提取物中实为少见, 这些都表明金银花提取物 对多重耐药菌具有较强的抗菌作用。
此外, 实验发现含较高含量的开联番木鳖苷酸的金银花提取物表现出体 外抗菌及体内治疗肺炎的突出效果, 含量与提取物作用效果呈明显正相关, 表明金银花提取物的主要活性成分是开联番木鳖苷酸。 附图说明
以下, 结合附图来详细说明本发明的实施例:
图 1为本发明实施例 1中制备的金银花提取物 N4的 HPLC色谱图, 经测定其含有 52.6% (重量比 ) 的开联番木鳖苷酸。
图 2为本发明实施例 1中制备的金银花提取物 N3的 HPLC色谱图, 经测定其含有 79.3% (重量比) 的开联番木鳖苷酸。
图 3为本发明实施例 1中制备的金银花提取物 N2的 HPLC色谱图, 经测定其含有 84.7% (重量比) 的开联番木鳖苷酸。
图 4为本发明实施例 1中制备的金银花提取物 N1的 HPLC色谱图, 经测定其含有 90.67% (重量比) 的开联番木鳖苷酸。
图 5为本发明实施例中采用的开联番木鳖苷酸标准品的 HPLC色谱图, 纯度为 98.03% (重量比)。 实施发明的最佳方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述, 给出的实施 例仅为了阐明本发明, 而不是为了限制本发明的范围。
下述实施例中的实验方法, 如无特殊说明, 均为常规方法。 下述实施 例中所用的药材原料、 试剂材料等, 如无特殊说明, 均可自常规生化试剂 商店或药品经营企业购买得到。 其中:
实施例中采用的金银花药材购自北京同仁堂连锁药店, 产地为河南, 由毫州市京皖中药饮片厂加工, 批号 200502014 , 经中国医学科学院药物 研究所鉴定为忍冬科植物忍冬 Lonicera japonica Thunb.的干燥花蕾。
实施例中采用的开联番木鳖苷酸, 其用作提取物含量测定的标准品以 及用作药理实验的药物 (本文筒称为 NO ), 由中国医学科学院药物研究所 天然药物化学研究室按照专利 ZL200610083556.7公开的方法自制, 经测定 含量为 98.03% (色谱图见图 5 )。
实施例中对于金银花提取物中的开联番木鳖苷酸的含量测定方法采 用 HPLC外标法, 具体采用下述仪器和条件:
( 1 )仪器 Agilent 1100液相色谱仪, 包括四元泵、 自动进样器、 DAD 检测器和 Chemstation色语工作站;
( 2 ) 色谱条件和系统适用性试验: 色谱柱为 Prevail C18 5μ(250ηιηιΧ4.6ηιηι) [Alltech, 美国]; 乙腈 -1%冰醋酸水溶液 (13 : 87)为流动 相, 梯度洗脱; 流速 0.9 ml/min, 停止时间 40分钟, 平衡时间 10分钟, 检 测波长为 242 nm。 理论板数按 JYH峰计算应不低于 1000。
( 3 )试剂: 色谱用乙腈; 纯净水; 分析纯乙酸。
实施例中采用的菌种大肠杆菌 ( Escherichia coli )、 铜绿假单胞菌 ( Pseudomona aeruginosa ), 克雷 4白氏干菌 ( Klehsielia pneuniordae ), 金黄色 葡萄球菌 ( Staphylococcus aureus )、 表皮葡萄球菌均为临床分离株, 为多重 耐药菌, 由山东省济南市市立四院检验科提供, 其耐药情况见下表 1、 2、 3、 4、 5。 枯草芽孢杆菌由中国科学院微生物学研究所提供。
表 1 : 克雷伯氏杆菌实验菌株背景材料
Figure imgf000009_0001
表 1和表 2的备注:
R: 耐药; S: 敏感; I: 中介度(中度耐药)。
AMP: 氨苄西林; PIP: 哌拉西林; TZP: 哌拉西林 /他唑巴坦; AMC: 阿莫西林 /克拉维酸; CZO: 头孢唑啉; CXM: 头孢呋辛; CTX: 头孢噻肟; CAZ: 头孢他啶; CRO: 头孢曲松; IPM: 亚胺培南; FEP: 头孢吡肟; FOX: 头孢西丁; GEN: 庆大霉素; AMK: 阿米卡星; CIP: 环丙沙星; CHL: 氯 霉素; SXT: 复方新诺明; TCY: 四环素; NIT: 呋喃妥因。
表 3铜绿假单胞菌背景资料
Figure imgf000010_0001
备注: R: 耐药; S: 敏感; I: 中介度。
AK: 阿米卡星; ATM: 氨曲南; AMP: 氨苄西林; CRO: 头孢曲松; CLS: 舒普深; CXM: 头孢呋新钠; CAZ: 头孢他啶; CTX: 头孢噻肟; CFP: 头孢哌酮; CIP: 环丙沙星; CN: 庆大; FEP: 头孢吡肟; LEV: 左旋氧氟; NOR: 诺氟杀星; PIP: 哌拉西林; SAM: 氨卡 /舒巴坦; TIM: 替卡西林 / 棒酸; TOB: 妥布; TZP: 特治星; IPM: 亚胺培南; MH: 米诺环素; MEM: 美洛培南。
表 4金黄色葡萄球菌背景资料
Figure imgf000010_0002
表 4和表 5的备注:
R: 耐药; S: 敏感; I: 中介度。
PEN: 青霉素; OXA: 苯唑西林; SAM: 氨苄西林 /青霉烷砜; FOX: 头孢西丁; GEN: 庆大霉素; AMK: 阿米卡星; CIP: 环丙沙星; ERY: 红 霉素; VAN: 万古霉素; RIF: 利福平; SXT: 复方新诺明; TCY: 四环素; CLI: 克林霉素; NIT: 呋喃妥因。
实施例中采用的组织切片操作根据 《病理学技术》, 人民卫生出版社, 第 1版, 39-41 页; 苏木精 -伊红染色操作根据 《病理学技术》, 人民卫生出 版社, 第 1版, 41-43页。
实施例中采用的设备:
恒温培养箱: 上海跃进医疗器械一厂产品。
净化工作台: 济南隆宏公司产品。
分光光度计: 华东电子管厂生产。
酶标仪: 芬兰雷勃公司产品。
722分光光度计: 上海精密科学仪器有限公司产品。
-20°C冰箱: 中国青岛得贝公司产品。
-80°C冰箱: 美国 FOMAS公司产品。
离心机: 贺立氏台式氐温离心机: 贺立氏公司产品。
此外, 实施例中进行实验的实验室为 BSL-2实验室和 ABSL-2实验室。 实施例 1 金银花提取物的制备
取金银花药材(500g ), 粗粉碎, 用重量为金银花药材干重 13倍的 50% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液提取 2次, 每次提取 1小时。 合并提取液, 减压浓 缩至稠浸膏, 加入 450毫升蒸馏水加热溶解, 冷却至室温, 静置 24小时, 过滤, 得澄清溶液。
将该澄清溶液减压浓缩至干, 加 1600毫升 95% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶 液, 充分搅拌溶解, 同时緩慢加入蒸馏水使溶液含乙醇 75% (体积 /体积), 静置 24小时, 过滤, 收集滤液, 再减压回收乙醇至流浸膏状。
将该流浸膏加水 500毫升, 溶解并过滤, 滤液通过经预处理的苯乙烯 SP-825型大孔吸附树脂色语柱,依次用 5倍量树脂柱体积的水洗脱, 然后再 用 6倍量树脂柱体积的 20% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液洗脱, 减压回收乙醇 至无醇味, 冷冻干燥, 得到金银花提取物 4.31克(金银花提取物 N4 )。
以开联番木鳖苷酸为参照物, 用 HPLC外标法测定该金银花提取物 N4 中含开联番木鳖苷酸 52% (色谱图见图 1 )。
将金银花按照前述方法处理至树脂乙醇洗脱液减压回收乙醇后, 采用 Sephadex LH-20凝胶色语柱进一步纯化, 包括用水洗脱, 收集样品液, 减压 回收, 冷冻干燥, 根据该凝胶色谱柱纯化次数, 分別得到金银花提取物 N3、 N2和 Nl。 以开联番木鳖苷酸为参照物, 用 HPLC外标法测定该金银花提取 物 N3中含开联番木鳖苷酸 79.3% (色语图见图 2 ); N2中含开联番木鳖苷酸 84.7% (色谱图见图 3 ); N1中含开联番木鳖苷酸 90.67% (色谱图见图 4 )。 实施例 2 金银花提取物和开联番木鳖苷酸对临床耐药菌株的体外抑制作用 本实施例测定了实施例 1制备的金银花提取物 Nl、 N2、 N3、 N4以及 开联番木鳖苷酸(NO )对临床耐药菌株大肠杆菌、 铜绿假单胞菌、 克雷伯氏 杆菌、 金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌以及枯草芽孢杆菌的体外抑制作用。
1、 活化菌种及菌液制备
将冻干保存的上述 6个菌种接种于营养肉汤液体培养基。取约 4ml肉汤 培养基, 加入 lml的液体菌种, 37°C培养 20小时, 肉目艮观察到大肠杆菌、 克雷伯氏杆菌、 金黄色葡萄球菌、 表皮葡萄球菌; 枯草芽胞杆菌、 铜绿假单 胞菌呈表面生长, 形成菌膜。 重复接种培养, 获得活化菌种。
2、 抑菌试验
将受试样品金银花提取物 Nl、 N2、 N3、 N4和开联番木鳖苷酸(NO ) 用 PBS稀释成 40mg/ml浓度, 然后做 2倍比系歹 'J稀释(1 : 2、 1 : 4、 1 : 8、 1 : 16、 1 : 32、 1 : 64、 1 : 128 )。
将活化的菌悬液稀释成浓度相当于 0.5 麦氏比浊标准, 经肉汤培养基 1: 10稀释后, 向每孔中加 ΙΟΟμΙ菌液。 将原液及倍比稀释后不同浓度的抗 菌药物溶液分別加到灭菌的 96孔板中, 第 1至第 8孔加药液, 每孔 ΙΟΟμΙ, 此时, 第 1孔至第 8孔药物浓度分別为 20、 10、 5、 2.5、 1.25、 0.625、 0.3125、 0.15625mg/mL
同时设菌液对照, 即菌液加等容量培养液;
37°C培养 20h, 酶标仪于 630nm检测, 用公式②计算细菌抑制率, 并将 获得的数据代入公式①计算比距,比距与低于 50%的病变率病毒稀释度指数 相加, 获得半数抑菌浓度 ( Reed-Muench方法)。
比距 =(高于 50%抑制率 -50% )/(高于 50%抑制率 -低于 50%抑制率 ) 公式①
细菌抑制率 = (抑菌试验 OD值 -药物对照 OD值) / (菌液对照 OD值 -空白对照 OD值) ......公式②
结果详见表 6、 7。
体外抑菌 (革兰氏阳性菌)试验结果
半数抑菌浓度
金银花提取物
金黄色葡萄球菌 表皮葡萄球菌 枯草芽孢杆菌
N0 3.97 mg/ml 4.5 mg/ml 0.92mg/ml
N1 6.9mg/ml 7.3mg/ml 1.6mg/ml N2 15.8mg/ml 17.2mg/ml 6.8mg/ml
N3 17.3mg/ml 18.3mg/ml 26.8mg/ml
N4 16.0mg/ml 18.7mg/ml 21.6mg/ml 表 7 体外抑菌 (革兰氏阴性)试验结果
半数抑菌浓度
金银花提取物
大肠杆菌 铜绿假单胞菌 克雷伯氏杆菌
NO 0.89mg/ml 1.12mg/ml 0.95 mg/ml
N1 l . lmg/ml 1.7mg/ml 1.4mg/ml
N2 2.6mg/ml 9.6mg/ml 1.9mg/ml
N3 5.2mg/ml 5.4mg/ml 4.9mg/ml
N4 25mg/ml 24mg/m 9.8mg/ml
从上述结果可以看出,金银花提取物和开联番木鳖苷酸对上述临床耐药 细菌和芽孢菌有一定的体外抑制作用,且对革兰氏阴性菌效果较革兰氏阳性 菌效果突出, 其中除开联番木鳖苷酸外, N1效果最佳, 比如克雷伯氏杆菌、 大肠埃希氏杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌的半数抑菌浓度均在 1.1~1.7 mg/ml, 对革兰 氏阳性芽孢杆菌半数抑菌浓度也达到 1.6mg/ml。
值得重视的是, 本研究特別采用了多重耐药菌, 提示金银花提取物和开 联番木鳖苷酸对多重耐药菌的较强抗菌作用, 具有重要的临床意义。 实施例 3 金银花提取物对小鼠-克雷伯氏杆菌肺炎模型的疗效观察
本实施例观察了实施例 1制备的金银花提取物 N1对小鼠-克雷伯氏杆菌 肺炎模型的体内疗效。
本实施例采用的细菌试验株为表 1的克雷伯氏杆菌, 具体分离自济南市 第四人民医院临床肺炎患者痰液标本, 耐药情况见表 1。
受试药物: 金银花提取物 N 1 , 乳白色结晶状粉末。
硫酸庆大霉素注射液(规格: 2ml 8万单位; 购自天津药业 焦作有限公司, 生产批号 09082732 )
注射用头孢他啶(规格: lg; 购自山东威奇达药业股份有限 公司, 生产批号 20081204 )
实验动物: 昆明种鼠, 雄性, 16~18g, 购自山东大学动物中心。
1、 动物分组 将昆明鼠随机分为正常对照组, 模型对照组, 金银花提取物 N1疗效模 型组大、 中、 小剂量组, 抗药对照组(庆大霉素)和敏感药物对照组(头孢 他啶)。 每组 10只, 共 70只动物。
2、 模型制备
在乙醚麻醉下, 将接种物緩緩滴入动物鼻腔, 并将鼠体位直立, 使接种 液体进入气管支气管。 其中正常对照组接种细菌培养基 5(^L, 其余组的动 物接种克雷伯氏杆菌菌液 5(^L (新鲜扩增的菌液稀释至 1.5x l08CFU/ml )。
3、 干预治疗
抗药对照组(庆大霉素组)每日肌肉注射庆大霉素 400单位 /只( 200μ ), 每日 1次;
敏感药物对照组(头孢他啶 )每日注射 30mg/只 ( 200μ ), 每日 1次; 金银花提取物 N1 疗效模型组每日注射金银花提取物 N1 ( 200μ∑ ), 每 日 1次, 剂量见表 8;
正常对照组和模型对照组每日注射生理盐水 200μΙ^, 每日 1次; 连续干预治疗 6天。
表 8 金银花提取物 N1给药剂量
Figure imgf000014_0001
各实验组(除抗药对照组外)第 1-4 日采用尾静脉注射给药, 第 5-6 曰 采用腹腔注射给药。
4、 动物观察结果
与正常对照组比较, 所有动物饮食减少, 皮毛凌乱, 模型组、 受试药物 'J、剂量组和抗药对照组尤为显著。
第 5天, 模型组死亡 2只, 抗药对照组死亡 2只, 受试药物小剂量组死 亡 1只。 死亡动物立刻做称重、 解剖, 肺脏组织用福尔马林固定, 备做病理 学检查。
5、 体重检测和剖检
在第 6天末次给药 2h后, 将动物在乙醚麻醉下牵颈臼处死, 称重并做 剖检。
1 )体重分析
结果见下表 9。 表 9 体重分析结果
Figure imgf000015_0001
2 )剖检
正常对照组动物可见肺组织呈乳白色, 光泽;
模型对照组动物肺组织外观呈血红色, 有紫红色斑点或斑块, 有时可见 整个肺叶呈实变(置福尔马林中沉底)或个別肺叶的肺不张(肺叶萎缩成小 团);
金银花提取物 N1疗效模型组大剂量组有 2只动物肺组织呈红色, 也可 见紫红色斑点, 其余 8只动物肺组织肉眼观察与正常对照组动物相近, 偶见 表面分布有红色斑点;
N1中剂量组动物有 4只动物可见肺组织呈红色, 并分布有紫红色斑点, 其余 6只动物肺组织外观与大剂量组类似;
N1 小剂量组动物肺组织多成红色, 分布有紫红色斑点, 与模型组动物 类似;
抗药对照组(庆大霉素)动物肺组织与模型组动物类似;
敏感药物对照组(头孢他啶)动物肺组织呈白色, 偶见红色斑点。
6、 动物肺组织病理学检查
将石蜡包埋 HE (苏木精-伊红)染色组织切片做显微镜检测。 按照如下 组织病例学评分系统进行评分, 结果见表 10。
病理学评分系统(参考文献: [l]Martin RJ,Chu HW,Honour JM,Airway inflammation and bronchial hypersponsiveness after mycoplasma pneumoniaw infection in a murine model J Am J Reapir Cell Mol Biol.2001.24:577; [2] 晓 红, 辛得莉, 侯安存等, 小鼠肺炎支原体肺炎模型的建立及病理组织学评分 方法的应用, 重庆医学 2004: vol 33(9): 1338-1340 ):
A. 细支管、 支气管周围浸润 (部位的百分率): 0 =无; 1 =少许 ( <25 % ); 2 =许多 ( 25 % ~ 75 % ); 3 =所有 ( >75 % )。
B. 细支气管、 支气管浸润的定性:
0 =无:偶见轻微的浸润,或支气管周围淋巴样细胞团块见于正常动物; 1=轻: 不正常, 常常伴有间断的环; 2=中度: 完整的环或新月形的环, 伴 有<5个细胞的厚度; 3 =严重: 完全的环, 伴有 >5~ 10个细胞厚度。
C. 细支气管 /支气管腔渗出:
0 =无; 1=轻度: ≤25%月空闭合; 2 =重度: ≥25%月空闭合。
D. 血管周围浸润, (部位的百分率):
0 =无; 1 =少 (<10% ); 2 =许多 (10% ~50% ); 3 =大多数 (>50% )
E. 实质性肺炎:
0 =无; 1=轻度: 斑状实质性浸润; 2 =重度: 斑和融合的实质性浸润。 分数的计算 = A+3(B+C)+D+E=0-26分。
各实验组的病理学检测结果见表 10。 表 10 动物病理学检测评分结果
( ±s, n=10)
Figure imgf000016_0001
从上表结果可以看出, 金银花提取物 N1具有显著的体内抗肺炎克雷伯 氏杆菌 -小鼠肺炎的效果, 且呈一定的量效关系。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种用作细菌所引起疾病的预防剂和 /或治疗剂的含有环烯醚萜类化 合物的金银花提取物。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的金银花提取物, 其特征在于, 所述金银花提 取物含有以下述结构式 示的环烯醚萜类化合物:
Figure imgf000017_0001
( 1 ) (2) (3) (4) 其中
式(1 ) 中, X2表示 0, R表示 H;
式(2)、(3)、(4)中, 12各自独立地表示11、 C1-6低级烷基或 C2-6 低级链烯基。
3、 根据权利要求 1 所述的金银花提取物, 其特征在于, 所述金银花提 取物中含 50重量%以上的以式(1 )表示的开联番木鳖苷酸;
优选地, 所述金银花提取物中含 70 重量%以上的开联番木鳖苷酸; 进 一步优选含 80重量%以上的开联番木鳖苷酸; 更优选含 90重量%以上的开 联番木鳖苷酸。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的金银花提取物, 其特征在于, 所述金银花提 取物通过包括以下步骤的方法制备:
( 1 )将植物金银花或其基源植物忍冬或同属其他植物粉碎, 然后用水 和 /或含量不大于 95体积%的 CrC6烷醇水溶液进行提取, 得到提取液;
(2)将步骤( 1 )得到的提取液经常压或减压浓缩干燥得到浸膏, 或经 喷雾干燥得到粉末, 再用水溶解后, 用含量不大于 95体积%的 CrC6烷醇水 溶液进行沉淀或沉降, 得到沉淀物或溶解液浓缩物;
( 3 )将经步骤( 2 )得到的沉淀物或溶解液浓缩物用色谱方法分离纯化, 收集含有环烯醚萜类化合物的洗脱液,其中所述的色谱方法选自大孔吸附树 脂柱色谱法、 正相硅胶色谱法和反相硅胶色谱法中的一种或多种;
优选地, 所述金银花提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
( 1 )将金银花药材粉碎, 以 50% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液提取, 从而 得到提取液;
( 2 )将步骤(1 )得到的提取液减压浓缩得到浸膏, 加水溶解, 过滤, 溶液浓缩至干, 加 95% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液溶解, 同时加入蒸馏水使 溶液含乙醇 75% (体积 /体积), 静置后过滤, 滤液回收乙醇的流浸膏;
( 3 )向将步骤(2 )得到的流浸膏加水溶解并过滤, 滤液通过苯乙烯大 孔吸附树脂色语柱, 然后依次用水、 20% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液洗脱, 回 收 20% (体积 /体积 ) 乙醇水溶液洗脱液中的乙醇;
更优选地, 所述制备方法进一步包括将步骤(3 )获得的含有环烯醚萜 类化合物的洗脱液通过凝胶色谱纯化;
最优选地, 所述制备方法进一步包括将步骤(3 )获得的含有环烯醚萜 类化合物的洗脱液通过 Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱柱纯化, 收集水洗脱液。
5、 根据权利要求 1 所述的金银花提取物, 其特征在于, 所述细菌为抗 生素耐药菌, 优选为多重抗生素耐药菌;
其中, 所述抗生素选自氨苄西林、 青霉烷砜、 哌拉西林、 他唑巴坦、 阿 莫西林、 克拉维酸、 头孢唑林、 头孢呋辛、 头孢曲松、 头孢呋新钠、 舒普深、 左旋氧氟、 头孢噻肟、 头孢他啶、 亚胺培南、 头孢吡肟、 头孢西丁、 庆大霉 素、 阿米卡星、 环丙沙星、 氯霉素、 复方新诺明、 四环素、 呋喃妥因、 氨曲 南、 环丙沙星、 诺氟沙星、 氨卡、 舒巴坦、 替卡西林、 棒酸、 妥布霉素、 特 治星、 亚胺培南、 米诺环素、 美罗培南、 青霉素、 苯唑西林、 红霉素、 万古 霉素、 利福平和克林霉素中的一种或多种。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的金银花提取物, 其特征在于, 所述细菌为多 重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌;
优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌选自大肠杆菌、 铜绿假单 胞菌、 克雷伯氏杆菌、 鲍曼不动杆菌、 变形杆菌、 肠科杆菌属、 流感嗜血杆 菌、 肺炎杆菌和卡他菌属中的一种或多种;
进一步优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌为大肠杆菌、 铜绿 假单胞菌和 /或克雷伯氏杆菌。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的金银花提取物, 其特征在于, 所述细菌为多 重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌;
优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌选自金黄色葡萄球菌、 耐 曱氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌 A组、肺炎链球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌 和表皮葡萄球菌中的一种或多种;
进一步优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌为耐曱氧西林金黄 色葡萄球菌、 金黄色葡萄球菌、 枯草芽孢杆菌和 /或表皮葡萄球菌。
8、 根据权利要求 1 所述的金银花提取物, 其特征在于, 所述细菌所引 起疾病为细菌引起的感染类疾病, 特別是抗生素耐药菌引起的感染类疾病, 例如消化系统感染, 血液系统感染, 呼吸系统感染, 尿路感染, 中枢神经系 统感染, 骨关节感染, 耳、 乳突和 /或鼻窦感染以及皮肤软组织感染中的一种 或多种;
优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为由抗生素耐药细菌引起的呼吸系统感 染。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的金银花提取物, 其特征在于, 所述细菌所引 起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌引起的呼吸系统感染;
进一步优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌 引起的感染性肺炎;
更优选地,所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌引起 的院内感染性肺炎;
再优选地,所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的克雷伯氏杆菌引起 的院内感染性肺炎。
10、 根据权利要求 8所述的金银花提取物, 其特征在于, 所述细菌所引 起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌引起的呼吸系统感染;
优选地,所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌引起的 肺炎;
进一步优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为耐曱氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌引起 的肺炎。
11、 一种药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述药物组合物包含根据权利要求 1至 10中任一项所述的金银花提取物;
优选地, 所述药物组合物还包括药学上可接受的载体和 /或赋形剂。
12、 根据权利要求 1至 10中任一项所述的金银花提取物或根据权利要 求 11所述的药物组合物在制备用于预防和 /或治疗细菌所引起疾病的药物中 的用途。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述细菌为抗生素耐 药菌, 优选为多重抗生素耐药菌。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述细菌为多重抗生 素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌;
优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌选自大肠杆菌、 铜绿假单 胞菌、 克雷伯氏杆菌、 鲍曼不动杆菌、 变形杆菌、 肠科杆菌属、 流感嗜血杆 菌、 肺炎杆菌和卡他菌属中的一种或多种;
进一步优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌为大肠杆菌、 铜绿 假单胞菌和 /或克雷伯氏杆菌。
15、 根据权利要求 13所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述细菌为多重抗生 素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌;
优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌选自金黄色葡萄球菌、 耐 曱氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌 A组、肺炎链球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌 和表皮葡萄球菌中的一种或多种;
进一步优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌为耐曱氧西林金黄 色葡萄球菌和 /或金黄色葡萄球菌。
16、 根据权利要求 12所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述细菌所引起疾病 为细菌引起的感染类疾病, 特別是抗生素耐药菌引起的感染类疾病, 例如消 化系统感染,血液系统感染, 呼吸系统感染,尿路感染, 中枢神经系统感染, 骨关节感染, 耳、 乳突和 /或鼻窦感染以及皮肤软组织感染中的一种或多种; 优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为由所述抗生素耐药细菌引起的呼吸系统 感染。
17、 根据权利要求至 16所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述细菌所引起疾 病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌引起的呼吸系统感染;
进一步优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌 引起的感染性肺炎;
更优选地,所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌引起 的院内感染性肺炎;
再优选地,所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的克雷伯氏杆菌引起 的院内感染性肺炎。
18、 根据权利要求 16所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述细菌所引起疾病 为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌引起的呼吸系统感染;
优选地,所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌引起的 肺炎;
进一步优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为耐曱氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌引起 的肺炎。
19、 一种预防和 /或治疗细菌所引起疾病的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法 包括给有此需要的患者施用治疗有效量的根据权利要求 1至 10中任一项所 述的金银花提取物和 /或根据权利要求 11所述的药物组合物。
20、 根据权利要求 19所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述细菌为抗生素耐 药菌, 优选为多重抗生素耐药菌。
21、 根据权利要求 20所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述细菌为多重抗生 素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌;
优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌选自大肠杆菌、 铜绿假单 胞菌、 克雷伯氏杆菌、 鲍曼不动杆菌、 变形杆菌、 肠科杆菌属、 流感嗜血杆 菌、 肺炎杆菌和卡他菌属中的一种或多种;
进一步优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌为大肠杆菌、 铜绿 假单胞菌和 /或克雷伯氏杆菌。
22、 根据权利要求 20所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述细菌为多重抗生 素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌;
优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌选自金黄色葡萄球菌、 耐 曱氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌 A组、肺炎链球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌 和表皮葡萄球菌中的一种或多种;
进一步优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌为耐曱氧西林金黄 色葡萄球菌和 /或金黄色葡萄球菌。
23、 根据权利要求 19所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述细菌所引起疾病 为细菌引起的感染类疾病, 特別是抗生素耐药菌引起的感染类疾病, 例如消 化系统感染,血液系统感染, 呼吸系统感染,尿路感染, 中枢神经系统感染, 骨关节感染, 耳、 乳突和 /或鼻窦感染以及皮肤软组织感染中的一种或多种; 优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为由所述抗生素耐药细菌引起的呼吸系统 感染。
24、 根据权利要求至 23所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述细菌所引起疾 病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌引起的呼吸系统感染;
进一步优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌 引起的感染性肺炎;
更优选地,所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌引起 的院内感染性肺炎;
再优选地,所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的克雷伯氏杆菌引起 的院内感染性肺炎。
25、 根据权利要求 23所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述细菌所引起疾病 为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌引起的呼吸系统感染;
优选地,所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌引起的 肺炎;
进一步优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为耐曱氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌引起 的肺炎。
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