WO2013021091A1 - Module de stockage thermique basé sur la chaleur latente à taux de transfert de chaleur élevés - Google Patents

Module de stockage thermique basé sur la chaleur latente à taux de transfert de chaleur élevés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013021091A1
WO2013021091A1 PCT/ES2012/070619 ES2012070619W WO2013021091A1 WO 2013021091 A1 WO2013021091 A1 WO 2013021091A1 ES 2012070619 W ES2012070619 W ES 2012070619W WO 2013021091 A1 WO2013021091 A1 WO 2013021091A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
channel
internal element
module according
container
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2012/070619
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Esther RIVAS RAMOS
M. Esther ROJAS BRAVO
M. del Rocio BAYÓN CABEZA
Original Assignee
Centro De Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas (Ciemat)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centro De Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas (Ciemat) filed Critical Centro De Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas (Ciemat)
Publication of WO2013021091A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013021091A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an energy storage module in the form of latent heat, which is designed to obtain high rates of heat transfer between a two-phase heat transfer fluid and a storage medium that changes from solid phase to liquid phase, when There is no direct contact between them.
  • Plants which generate electricity from concentrated solar radiation. In them, the presence of a storage system allows them to be kept in operation also during the hours of absence of solar radiation.
  • Transfer Fluid or HTF is a single phase fluid.
  • the heat transfer fluid is a biphasic fluid, whose thermal potential is acquired mainly through evaporation. Therefore, to store and later recover this potential efficiently, it is It is advisable to use a substance that changes phase (Phase Change Material or PCM).
  • the working temperature range ie steam / water saturation temperature of 210 e C-310 e C
  • the pressure range in which the turbine and the hydraulic circuit can operate ie 20 bar -100 bar
  • the solid-liquid phase change temperature of a large number of anhydrous salts and eutectic mixtures is within this range, in addition, in general, they all have a low cost, so they can be good candidates for storage systems. But, its main drawback is the low thermal conductivity (less than 1 W / mK), which greatly limits the power of the storage system.
  • US Patent 2933885 describes a thermal storage system based on latent heat where the module is composed of a PCM container and a set of tubes embedded therein placed either vertically or in the form of downward spirals through which a heat transfer fluid circulates biphasic
  • the invention aims to alleviate the technical problems mentioned in the previous section.
  • a thermal storage module comprising a substantially cylindrical container with a longitudinal axis, upper and lower lids at its ends, at least three inlet and outlet holes located in the lids and in the body of the container, a material of phase change and an internal element surrounded by said container.
  • the internal element is formed by two spiral-shaped plates that together with the container delimit an outer channel and an inner channel and where said element, at its upper and lower ends, has a conical spiral geometry, the phase change material being found In the inner channel.
  • the module further comprises an interconnection piece provided with an opening adapted to cooperate with the internal element so that the phase change material does not invade the lower cover and the outer channel can pass through said piece.
  • the lower cover will preferably be conical, that is, in the same way as the piece.
  • the PCM is one or a eutectic mixture of the following compounds: nitrites, nitrates, chlorites, chlorates, fluorites, fluorates, hydroxides or alkali metal carbonates.
  • the module It comprises an insulating layer between the container and the outer channel and in the spaces between the upper and lower covers and the internal element.
  • An additional plate can also be provided attached to the upper end of the internal element that extends the internal channel vertically to the upper cover and supports within the internal channel perpendicular to the internal element plates.
  • Figure 1 shows an external front view of the module.
  • Figure 2 is a top view of the container.
  • Figure 3 is a cross section of the container along line I.
  • Figure 4 shows a cross section along line II.
  • Figure 5 It is an external front view of the internal element that forms a double spiral channel.
  • Figure 6 shows a mid-section cross section of the double spiral channel.
  • Figure 7 It is a longitudinal section of the thermal storage module through the center.
  • Figure 8 shows a cross section of the thermal storage module along line III.
  • Figure 9 Detailed view of the scratched areas at the top and bottom of the module of Figure 7.
  • Figure 10 shows the double unwound spiral channel and the positions of the structural supports.
  • the thermal storage module is designed so that, during the charging process, the latent heat from the condensation of HTF is stored by the PCM in the form of latent heat of fusion and, during the discharge process, the latent heat of solidification released by the PCM is absorbed by the HTF in the form of latent heat of vaporization.
  • the thermal storage module (figure 1) is formed by a container 1, an upper lid 2, a lower lid 3, an internal element 4 (figure 5) formed by two spiral-shaped plates that delimit an outer channel 5 and a channel interior 6 and, finally, an interconnection piece 7 (figure 4) provided with a spiral opening 8.
  • the outer channel 5, through which the HTF circulates, is completely closed at its upper and lower ends, as shown in Figure 9, forming a cavity with conical spiral geometry, both at the top and bottom, to favor the drain of the condensed flow and the suction of the non-condensed fluid during the loading and the discharge of the steam flow generated during the discharge.
  • the HTF is in indirect contact with the PCM (which is in the inner channel 6) always in the best possible conditions from the point of view of heat transfer.
  • the loading and unloading process once the module of the invention comes into operation, is as follows: under load, a certain saturated steam flow (heat transfer fluid) is injected into the thermal storage module whose saturation temperature should be slightly higher than the PCM melting temperature; In discharge, a certain saturated liquid flow is injected whose saturation temperature must be slightly lower than the solidification temperature of the PCM.
  • a certain saturated steam flow heat transfer fluid
  • the saturated steam that feeds the thermal storage module during charging condenses by giving latent heat to the PCM which, from solid to liquid state, stores energy in the form of latent heat of fusion.
  • the heat transfer fluid now in the form of a saturated liquid, evaporates, absorbing the latent heat that the PCM gives it when it passes from a liquid state to a solid state. It is therefore a module that works both ways.
  • figure 1 you can see the positions of the inlet and outlet ducts of the storage module 9, 10, 1 1.
  • the heat transfer fluid saturated steam
  • the conduit upper 1 1 acts as an outlet for the uncondensed steam flow during this process, giving the thermal storage module the character of separator between steam and condensate.
  • the heat transfer fluid saturated liquid
  • the steam flow resulting from the heat transfer of the PCM to this heat transfer fluid exits through 1 1 while maintaining 9 closed.
  • the internal element 4 must be accessible from the top and from the bottom to facilitate its assembly and future maintenance, hence the upper and lower covers 3 are preferably flanged.
  • Figure 3 indicates, in an indicative way, the way in which the thermal insulation 12 should be placed inside the module to minimize lateral thermal losses. Its asymmetric shape is due to the need to adapt it to the development of element 4 and to thermally reinforce the wall 13.
  • thermal insulation 12 also fills the upper dead spaces 13 and lower 14 to prevent thermal losses to the outside in these areas and to buffer thermal bridges that may exist in the lower part of the storage module.
  • the contours of 9, 10 and 1 1 must be adequately coated with thermal insulation 12 since they are crucial points from the point of view of heat losses.
  • Figure 4 represents a cross-section along the line II of Figure 1 of the interconnection piece 7 that is located between the lower cover 3 and the container 1.
  • this interconnection piece 7 a spiral opening 8 has been made, to allow the internal element 4 of Figure 5 to pass through it.
  • the internal element 4 and the interconnection piece 7 must be welded so that the inner channel 6 is closed at its bottom.
  • Figure 5 shows the asymmetry of the internal element 4 with respect to the main vertical axis. Because the internal element 4 is asymmetric with respect to the axis main, the entry holes 10 and 1 1 are not in the exact center of the container.
  • Figure 5 also shows the channels 5 and 6 of the internal element 4 before being placed inside the container 1 and being welded to the part 7.
  • the channels 5 and 6 form two equally spaced spirals, but these They could also have configurations with variable spacing.
  • the outer channel 5, through which the HTF circulates, is closed at its upper and lower ends, which have a conical spiral shape. In this way, both the drainage of the resulting condensate flow in the load and the suction of the resulting steam flow in the discharge is favored. Thus, the closed channel 5 performs, during the loading process, the separator mission.
  • This channel is delimited laterally by the plate that forms it, the outer channel plate 5 and by an additional plate 15 welded vertically to the latter, as shown in Figure 9.
  • the internal channel height 6 must be such that it allows changes in the volume of the PCM during thermal cycling and, in turn, prevents The dilated PCM overflows.
  • the maximum height of the inner channel 6 is a design parameter of the thermal storage module that will depend on the value "e”, the diameter "D” and the height ⁇ ", as well as the type of PCM used.
  • PCM materials that can be used to fill the inner channel 9 are: nitrites, nitrates, chlorites, chlorates, fluorites, fluorates, hydroxides or carbonates of alkali metals as well as eutectic mixtures thereof.
  • the internal element 4 preferably, must not be welded to the upper lid 2 of the container to allow free thermal expansion thereof and thus avoid possible torsion problems.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show the arrangement of the phase 16 change material inside the thermal storage module, noting how it occupies the interior of the inner channel 6, which is closed at the lower end thanks to the interconnection piece 7 of Figure 4. This optimizes the amount of PCM used, since the condensed fluid accumulates in the area between the interconnection piece 7 and the lower cover 3.
  • the height that the PCM reaches in the thermal storage module before its expansion (ie in solid state) must coincide with the position of 9, that is, with the height at which saturated steam is injected in charge (as is indicated in figure 7).
  • FIG 8 also shows that PCM 16 is always surrounded by heat transfer fluid 17, except in dead spaces 13, where thermal insulation 12 is reinforced. In turn, the channel through which the heat transfer fluid, 5, will always be surrounded by thermal insulation 12 that is necessary to prevent thermal losses to the outside.
  • the insulator 12 introduced in spaces 13 and 14 can be seen in more detail.
  • the inlet 9 of the heat transfer fluid 17 can be tangential to the lateral surface of the container 1 instead of perpendicular as indicated in the figures.
  • a certain number of supports 18 welded perpendicularly to the surface of the channel can also be placed inside the internal spiral channel 6 containing PCM 16, as shown by way of example in Figure 10, with a length equal to the spacing "e" and of the same material as element 4.
  • the calculation of the number of supports per unit area and the thickness of the same must be done according to the working conditions of the heat transfer fluid, the nature of the PCM and the type of structural material of element 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un module de stockage thermique basé sur la transmission de chaleur d'un fluide caloporteur à un matériau à changement de phase compris dans un canal délimité par des plaques métalliques en forme de spirale qui forment un élément interne du module. On fait circuler le fluide caloporteur dans le canal extérieur au canal qui comprend le matériau à changement de phase. L'élément interne présente une section longitudinale en spirale conique au niveau des parties supérieure et inférieure. Ainsi, une fois que le fluide a parcouru le module de la partie supérieure à la partie inférieure, le condensat reste dans la partie inférieure, se séparant automatiquement de la vapeur, qui peut être recyclée.
PCT/ES2012/070619 2011-08-11 2012-08-09 Module de stockage thermique basé sur la chaleur latente à taux de transfert de chaleur élevés WO2013021091A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP201131378 2011-08-11
ES201131378A ES2414310B1 (es) 2011-08-11 2011-08-11 Módulo de almacenamiento térmico basado en calor latente con altas tasas de transferencia de calor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013021091A1 true WO2013021091A1 (fr) 2013-02-14

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ES (1) ES2414310B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013021091A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3058209A1 (fr) * 2016-10-27 2018-05-04 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Systeme de stockage thermique par materiau a changement de phase
US20220026155A1 (en) * 2020-07-22 2022-01-27 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Spiral heat exchanger with monolithic phase change material chamber
CN118009783B (zh) * 2024-04-08 2024-06-04 杭州皓华压力容器有限公司 一种可自适应调节的蒸汽储能罐

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2565690B1 (es) * 2014-09-05 2017-01-20 Abengoa Solar New Technologies,S.A. Método y sistema de almacenamiento térmico para planta solar de generación de vapor y planta solar de generación de vapor

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3303877A (en) * 1963-06-05 1967-02-14 Ramen Corp A B Heat exchanger
EP1426720A1 (fr) * 2002-11-22 2004-06-09 HONDA MOTOR CO., Ltd. Appareil d'accumulation de chaleur
EP1431694A1 (fr) * 2001-09-25 2004-06-23 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Unite d'accumulation de chaleur et procede permettant de fabriquer cette unite
US20040194908A1 (en) * 2003-02-19 2004-10-07 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Heat storing element and method for manufacturing heat storage apparatus using the element

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3303877A (en) * 1963-06-05 1967-02-14 Ramen Corp A B Heat exchanger
EP1431694A1 (fr) * 2001-09-25 2004-06-23 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Unite d'accumulation de chaleur et procede permettant de fabriquer cette unite
EP1426720A1 (fr) * 2002-11-22 2004-06-09 HONDA MOTOR CO., Ltd. Appareil d'accumulation de chaleur
US20040194908A1 (en) * 2003-02-19 2004-10-07 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Heat storing element and method for manufacturing heat storage apparatus using the element

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3058209A1 (fr) * 2016-10-27 2018-05-04 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Systeme de stockage thermique par materiau a changement de phase
US20220026155A1 (en) * 2020-07-22 2022-01-27 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Spiral heat exchanger with monolithic phase change material chamber
CN118009783B (zh) * 2024-04-08 2024-06-04 杭州皓华压力容器有限公司 一种可自适应调节的蒸汽储能罐

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2414310B1 (es) 2014-03-21
ES2414310A1 (es) 2013-07-18

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