WO2013020254A1 - 环保节能循环流化床有机热载体锅炉 - Google Patents

环保节能循环流化床有机热载体锅炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013020254A1
WO2013020254A1 PCT/CN2011/001820 CN2011001820W WO2013020254A1 WO 2013020254 A1 WO2013020254 A1 WO 2013020254A1 CN 2011001820 W CN2011001820 W CN 2011001820W WO 2013020254 A1 WO2013020254 A1 WO 2013020254A1
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Prior art keywords
furnace
tube
pipe
tail
vertical flue
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PCT/CN2011/001820
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李守泉
李平
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山东圣威新能源有限公司
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Publication of WO2013020254A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013020254A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F23L15/04—Arrangements of recuperators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the technical field of organic heat carrier boilers, and relates to an environmentally friendly energy-saving circulating fluidized bed organic heat carrier boiler.
  • Prior art circulating fluidized bed organic heat carrier boilers are mostly assembled as a whole, the convection tube bundle is bulky, and the number of internal convection tubes is large.
  • the boiler of this structure has the problems of poor assembly flexibility, difficulty in repairing and replacing components, biasing of the organic heat carrier inlet header, and low flow velocity of the convection tube, which is easily burned by high temperature flue gas.
  • the prior art circulating fluidized bed organic heat carrier boiler mainly has the following defects: 1. Due to the overall design of the convection heating surface, the flow rate of the organic heat carrier in the high temperature zone and the flow rate of the flue gas in the low temperature zone tube bundle is too low.
  • the cyclone separation device is located in the organic heat carrier furnace hall, and it is difficult to find when the components are damaged, when found When the problem occurs, the organic heat carrier furnace has been damaged and must be shut down for maintenance.
  • the furnace temperature is not easy to adjust. When the furnace temperature is too high, it is easy to coke, affecting the heat transfer effect, reducing the thermal efficiency of the organic heat carrier furnace, and the return port is easily blocked.
  • the internal structure of the existing circulating fluidized bed organic heat carrier furnace unreasonably affects the heat transfer effect, the thermal efficiency is reduced during long-time operation, the internal damage is difficult to repair, the damage frequency is high, the trouble-free operation time is short, and the prior art circulation flow is caused.
  • the operating cost of the organic hot carrier furnace of the chemical bed is increased.
  • the environmentally-friendly and energy-saving circulating fluidized bed organic heat carrier boiler of the present invention comprises a furnace and a tail vertical flue, and a heat insulating refractory layer and a steel frame are respectively arranged around the furnace and the tail vertical flue;
  • the top of the furnace and the vertical flue of the tail is provided with a ceiling pipe, one end of the ceiling pipe is connected with the outlet header;
  • the upper part of the inner wall of the furnace is provided with a square disk radiation heating pipe bundle;
  • the lower part of the furnace is connected with the coal hopper a coal supply port;
  • the bottom of the furnace is provided with an isobaric air box, an air distribution plate and a hood;
  • the main point is that a multi-tube cyclone separation is provided between the furnace and the vertical flue of the tail to communicate with the upper flue of the furnace
  • the device, the top of the multi-tube cyclone separation device is in communication with the top of the vertical flue of the tail, the bottom of the multi-cyclone separating
  • the high and low temperature convection tube bundle peripheral wear guards are provided with a convection section connection header between the high and low temperature convection tube bundles.
  • a flow equalization plate is arranged in the inlet header box.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention compared with the prior art are: simple structure assembly, convenient maintenance and maintenance, obvious energy saving and consumption reduction effect, and solving the unreasonable internal structure of the circulating fluidized bed organic heat carrier furnace of the prior art, resulting in poor heat transfer effect,
  • the technical problem is that the thermal efficiency is reduced during long-term operation, the internal damage is difficult to repair, the damage frequency is high, the fault-free operation time is short, and the return port is easily blocked.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the heat transfer oil inlet header
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the return material structure
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the air preheater system.
  • the boiler base 2 the equal pressure bellows 3, the air distribution plate 4, the hood 5, the coal supply port 6, the return port 7, the furnace 8, the coal hopper 9, the main jet tube 10, the auxiliary jet tube 1 1 , the main Electric damper 12, drop cylinder 13, insulated cylinder 14, steel frame 15, auxiliary electric damper 16, auxiliary air inlet pipe 17, square disk radiation heat pipe bundle 18, outlet header 19, cyclone separator 20, ceiling pipe 21, and more Cyclone separation device 22, expansion joint 23, thermal insulation refractory layer 24, tail vertical flue 25, radiation and convection connection header 26, high temperature convection tube bundle 27, convection section connection header 28, low temperature convection tube bundle 29, inlet set Box 30, air preheater 31, flue gas outlet 32, flow plate 33, wear guard 34, heating device 35, heat medium circulation pump 36, secondary air nozzle 37, primary fan 38, primary air preheating Import 39, secondary fan 40, secondary air preheating inlet 41, secondary air duct 42, primary air duct
  • the carrier boiler comprises a furnace 7 and a tail vertical flue 24, and a furnace refractory layer 23 and a steel frame 14 are respectively arranged around the furnace 7 and the tail vertical flue 24; the top of the furnace 7 and the tail vertical flue 24 are provided
  • the ceiling pipe 20 has one end of the ceiling pipe 20 communicating with the outlet header 18; the upper part of the inner wall of the furnace is provided with a square disk radiation heating pipe bundle 17; the lower part of the furnace furnace is provided with a coal feeding port 5 communicating with the coal hopper 8;
  • the top portion communicates with the top of the tail vertical flue 24, and the bottom of the multi-tube
  • the multi-tube cyclone separation apparatus includes a cyclone separator 19 connected by an expansion joint 22 and a discharge cylinder 12 having a lower end communicating with the main jet tube 9, and a heat insulating cylinder 13 is disposed outside the discharge cylinder 12.
  • the upper part of the heat insulating tube 13 is connected to the auxiliary air inlet pipe 16 through the auxiliary electric damper 15, the branch pipe is disposed under the auxiliary air inlet pipe 16, and the auxiliary jet pipe 10 is disposed at the lower portion of the discharge cylinder 12; the lower end of the branch pipe
  • the main electric damper 11 is connected to the main jet pipe 9, and the lower port of the main jet pipe 9 communicates with the return port 6 of the lower portion of the furnace.
  • a flow equalizing plate 32 is disposed in the inlet header 29.
  • the boiler of the invention is divided into two parts, one is a furnace part, the other is a tail vertical flue section, the furnace section is selected with a reasonable cross-sectional area, a reasonable height, and an equal pressure bellows and an air distribution board are arranged in the lower part of the furnace part.
  • the hood, the windshield is placed at a distance of more than 2. 5m from the air distribution plate. 2. 5tn or less.
  • the circulating fluidized bed combustion coal is not only used in organic heat carrier boilers, but also widely used in industrial steam boilers, chemical baking boilers, hot blast stoves, cement drying furnaces, ceramic hot air. Furnace, etc. With this kind of combustion method, it can solve a single problem of fuel type, and more importantly, it can save coal by using this technology.
  • the blackness of smoke is less than that of Ringermann I. It is easy to maintain and reduce the economic loss caused by shutdown. The operating cost is low, and all investment can be recovered within one year.
  • the multi-tube cyclone separation device is located between the vertical flue portion of the tail and the furnace part and is easy to disassemble. It can be quickly disassembled for repair or replacement when damaged, and reduces the economic loss caused by long-term shutdown. When the multi-tube cyclone separation device is partially whirlwind When the ions are damaged, part of the flue gas that is not separated is directly discharged from the cyclone separator outlet.
  • the returning system installed under the multi-tube cyclone separation device adopts the jet principle at the material port position, and the high-speed flowing gas flow and its formation of a low-pressure zone around the material port make the material port not blocked.
  • the use of cold air outside the drop barrel reduces the temperature of the blank, reduces the use of insulation and reduces costs.
  • the main ventilation duct and the auxiliary ventilation duct of the returning system pass through the respective electric dampers.
  • the microcomputer controls the automatic adjustment of the respective air inlets, which can automatically keep the furnace combustion temperature within a reasonable range and prevent the furnace temperature from being too high. Slag formation improves the service life and thermal efficiency of the circulating fluidized bed organic heat carrier furnace.
  • the inner diameter cross-sectional area of the inlet header box on the boiler of the invention is 1-3 times of the cross-sectional area of all the openings on the inlet header box, and the current-flowing plate is installed internally, and according to the actual situation and all the openings on the inlet header box
  • the cross-sectional area is 1-3 times to select a reasonable inlet header diameter, and a suitable installation angle is selected for the current-flow plate in the range of 0-90 °, thereby ensuring the same flow velocity in each convection tube bundle and solving the bias flow problem. .
  • the invention avoids safety accidents, increases boiler running time and reduces economic loss.
  • the organic heat carrier circulation system of the present invention as shown in FIG. 5, the organic heat carrier is input to the inlet header 29 via the heat medium circulating oil pump 35, and the inlet header 29 is connected to the low temperature convection tube bundle 28;
  • the flow equalization plate 32 inside the inlet header 29 ensures that the flow rate of the organic heat carrier entering the low temperature convection tube bundle 28 is the same, avoiding the technical problem of partial convection tube burnout due to the split flow.
  • the convection tube bundles are connected through the convection section connection header 27, and after the low temperature convection tube bundle 28 exchanges heat with the flue gas, enter the high temperature convection tube bundle 26 to continue heat exchange with the flue gas; as shown in Fig.
  • the high and low temperature convection tube bundles that is, the convection heating surface structure
  • the high temperature convection tube bundle 26 and the low temperature convection tube bundle 28 are segmented.
  • the high-temperature convection tube bundle 26 and the low-temperature convection tube bundle 28 can adopt different structures according to the actual conditions, so that the smoke velocity of each convective tube bundle and the internal oil velocity in the high and low temperature regions are within a reasonable range, and the suction is improved. Thermal effect.
  • the radiation and convection connection box 25 enters the square disk radiation heating tube bundle 17 to fully absorb heat in the furnace portion 7, and finally passes through the top heating surface 20 from the outlet header 18 to the heating device 34, and then returns to reheat.
  • the combustion system of the present invention is mainly composed of a boiler base 1, a furnace 7, a multi-tube cyclone separation device 21, a return port 6, an air preheater 30, etc., and the lower portion of the furnace 7 is dense.
  • the bottom layer is the air distribution plate 3, and the air hood 4 is evenly arranged on the air distribution plate 3.
  • the returning system of the present invention is shown in the schematic diagram of the returning system of Fig. 3, which is mainly composed of an expansion joint 22, a dropping cylinder 12, a heat insulating cylinder 13, a main jet tube 9, and an auxiliary jet under the multi-tube cyclone separating device 21.
  • the tube 10 is composed, and the expansion joint 22 mainly prevents unnecessary loss of the high temperature expansion of the returning system.
  • the outside cold air is divided into two parts, and a part of the cold air is tangentially entered into the heat insulating tube 13 through the auxiliary electric damper 15 and the auxiliary jet tube 16, and the cold air is wound.
  • the drop cylinder 12 is rotated downward while being exchanged with the high temperature particles therein to become a high temperature pore gas, and the high speed inflow downward from the auxiliary jet tube 10 into the discharge drum 12.
  • Another part of the cold air passes directly through the main electric damper 1 into the main jet 9 and mixes the hot air flowing out of the auxiliary jet 10 and the falling particles of the drop cylinder 12, and flows at a high speed to the return port 6 into the furnace.
  • the high-speed airflow in the auxiliary jet tube 10 and the main jet tube 9 forms a low-pressure zone (jet principle) near the bottom port of the drop cylinder 12, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of blocking the material; and the microcomputer adjusts the main electric damper 1 1 and the auxiliary electric damper through actual conditions. 15
  • a reasonable amount of air is distributed to ensure that the furnace combustion temperature is automatically maintained within a reasonable range, and the furnace temperature is too high to cause the furnace to coke.

Abstract

一种环保节能循环流化床有机热载体锅炉，包括炉膛（7）和尾部竖直烟道（24），炉膛（7）和竖直烟道（24）的周围分别设有保温耐火材料层（23）和钢架（14），炉膛（7）顶部设有顶棚管（20），顶棚管（20）的一端与出口集箱（18）连通；炉膛（7）内壁的上部设有方盘辐射受热管束（17），炉膛（7）下部设有与煤斗（8）连通的给煤口（5），炉膛（7）底部设有等压风箱（2）、布风板（3）和风帽（4）；炉膛（7）和尾部竖直烟道（24）之间设有与炉膛（7）上部出烟道连通的多管旋风分离装置（21），多管旋风分离装置（21）的顶部与尾部竖直烟道（24）的顶部连通，多管旋风分离装置（21）的底部与炉膛（7）下部的返料口（6）连通；竖直烟道（24）内设有分段连接的高、低温对流管束（26、28），尾部竖直烟道（24）底部设有与等压风箱（2）连通的空气预热器（30），空气预热器（30）上设有烟气出口（31）。该锅炉能够解决传热效果差、故障多维修难、返料口容易堵塞的问题。

Description

环保节能循环流化床有机热载体锅炉 技术领域 本发明属于有机热载体锅炉技术领域，涉及一种环保节能循环流化床有 机热载体锅炉。
背景技术 现有技术的的循环流化床有机热载体锅炉大多为整体组装，对流管束体 积庞大， 且其内部对流管数量很多。 这种结构的锅炉存在组装灵活性差、 维修更换组件 困难、 有机热载体进口集箱存在着偏流现象、 对流管流速低的部位很容易被高温烟气烧 坏的技术问题。 现有技术的的循环流化床有机热载体锅炉主要有下述缺陷： 1.由于对流 受热面整体设计， 使得有机热载体在高温区的管道内和烟气在低温区域管束内的流速过 低， 降低了吸热效果， 若是高温或者低温段损坏严重时需要更换所有的对流受热面， 使 维修成本很髙； 2.旋风分离装置位于有机热载体炉堂内， 部件损坏时不易发现， 当发现 问题时有机热载体炉已经损坏， 必须停炉检修。 3.炉膛温度不容易调节， 当炉膛温度过 高时容易结焦， 影响传热效果， 降低有机热载体炉热效率， 返料口容易被堵塞。 现有的 循环流化床有机热载体炉内部结构不合理影响传热效果， 长时间运行时热效率降低， 内 部损坏时很难维修， 损坏频率高无故障运行时间短， 导致现有技术的循环流化床有机热 载体炉运行成本增高。
发明内容 本发明的目的是解决现有技术循环流化床有机热载体炉内部结构不合 理导致传热效果差、 长时间运行时热效率降低、 内部损坏时难以维修、 损坏频率高、 无 故障运行时间短、 返料口容易堵塞的技术问题， 降低现有的循环流化床有机热载体炉的 维修、 运行成本。 提供一种高效节能环保的循环流化床有机热载体炉，
为了实现上述目的， 本发明环保节能循环流化床有机热载体锅炉， 包括炉膛和尾部 竖直烟道， 所述炉膛和尾部竖直烟道的周围分别设有保温耐火材料层和钢架； 所述炉膛 和尾部竖直烟道的顶部设有顶棚管， 顶棚管的一端与出口集箱连通； 所述炉膛内壁的上 部设有方盘辐射受热管束； 所述炉膛的下部设有与煤斗连通的给煤口； 所述炉膛的底部 设有等压风箱、 布风板和风帽； 其要点是所述炉膛和尾部竖直烟道之间设有与炉膛上部 出烟道连通的多管旋风分离装置， 多管旋风分离装置的顶部与尾部竖直烟道的顶部连 通， 多管旋风分离装置的底部与炉膛下部设有的返料口连通； 所述尾部竖直烟道内设有 分段连接的高、 低温对流管束， 位于上部的高温对流管束通过辐射与对流连接集箱与所 述顶棚管连通， 位于下部的低温对流管束与进口集箱连通； 所述尾部竖直烟道的底部设 有与炉膛底部等压风箱连通的空气预热器， 空气预热器上设有与尾部竖直烟道底部连通 的烟气出口。
所述多管旋风分离装置， 包括由膨胀节连接的旋风分离子和下端与主射流管连通的 落料筒， 落料筒外面设有保温筒， 保温筒的上部通过辅助电动风门与辅助进风管连通， 辅助进风管的下面设有分支管， 落料筒的下部设有辅助射流管； 所述分支管的下端通过 主电动风门与主射流管连接， 主射流管的下端口与炉膛下部的返料口连通。
所述高、 低温对流管束外设防磨罩， 高、 低温对流管束之间设有对流段连接集箱。 所述进口集箱内设均流板。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果是： 结构组装简单、 维修维护方便、 节能降耗效 果明显， 解决了现有技术循环流化床有机热载体炉内部结构不合理导致传热效果差、 长 时间运行时热效率降低、 内部损坏时难以维修、 损坏频率高、 无故障运行时间短、 返料 口容易堵塞的技术问题。
附图说明 图 1是本发明结构示意图；
图 2是导热油进口集箱结构示意图；
图 3是返料结构示意图；
图 4是高、 低温对流管束结构示意图；
图 5是有机热载体循环系统原理图；
图 6是燃烧系统原理图；
图 7是空气预热器系统原理图。
图中 1、 锅炉底座 2、 等压风箱 3、 布风板 4、 风帽 5、 给煤口 6、 返料口 7、炉膛 8、煤斗 9、主射流管 10、辅助射流管 1 1、主电动风门 12、落料筒 13、 保温筒 14、钢架 15、辅助电动风门 16、辅助进风管 17、方盘辐射受热管束 18、 出口集箱 19、 旋风分离子 20、 顶棚管 21、 多管旋风分离装置 22、 膨胀节 23、 保温耐火材料层 24、 尾部竖直烟道 25、 辐射与对流连接集箱 26、 高温对流管束 27、 对流段连接集箱 28、 低温对流管束 29、 进口集箱 30、 空气预热器 31、 烟气 出口 32、均流板 33、防磨罩 34、用热设备 35、热媒循环泵 36、二次风喷口 37、 一次风机 38、 一次风空气预热进口 39、 二次风机 40、 二次风空气预热进口 41、 二次风道 42、 一次风道
具体实施方式 参照图 1， 图中 1是锅炉底座， 本发明环保节能循环流化床有机热 载体锅炉， 包括炉膛 7和尾部竖直烟道 24， 炉膛 7和尾部竖直烟道 24的周围分别设有 保温耐火材料层 23和钢架 14 ; 炉膛 7和尾部竖直烟道 24的顶部设有顶棚管 20， 顶棚 管 20的一端与出口集箱 18连通； 炉膛内壁的上部设有方盘辐射受热管束 17 ; 炉膛的下 部设有与煤斗 8连通的给煤口 5 ; 炉膛的底部设有等压风箱 2、 布风板 3和风帽 4 ; 炉膛 7和尾部竖直烟道 24之间设有与炉膛 7上部出烟道连通的多管旋风分离装置 21 , 多管 旋风分离装置 21 的顶部与尾部竖直烟道 24的顶部连通， 多管旋风分离装置 21 的底部 与炉膛下部设有的返料口 6连通； 尾部竖直烟道 24 内设有分段连接的高、 低温对流管 束 26、 28， 位于上部的高温对流管束 26通过辐射与对流连接集箱 25与所述顶棚管 20 连通， 位于下部的低温对流管束与进口集箱 29 连通； 尾部竖直烟道的底部设有与炉膛 底部等压风箱 2连通的空气预热器 30， 空气预热器 30上设有与尾部竖直烟道底部连通 的烟气出口 30。
参照图 1和图 3， 所述多管旋风分离装置， 包括由膨胀节 22连接的旋风分离子 19 和下端与主射流管 9连通的落料筒 12， 落料筒 12外面设有保温筒 13， 保温筒 13的上 部通过辅助电动风门 15与辅助进风管 16连通， 辅助进风管 16的下面设有分支管， 落 料筒 12的下部设有辅助射流管 10 ; 所述分支管的下端通过主电动风门 1 1与主射流管 9 连接， 主射流管 9的下端口与炉膛下部的返料口 6连通。
参照图 1和图 4， 所述高、 低温对流管束 26、 28外设防磨罩 33， 高、 低温对流管 束之间设有对流段连接集箱 27。
参照图 2， 所述进口集箱 29内设均流板 32。
本发明的设计和工作原理：
本发明锅炉分为两个部分， 一是炉膛部分， 二是尾部竖直烟道部分， 炉膛部分选择 合理的截面积， 合理的高度， 在炉膛部分的下部， 布置有等压风箱、 布风板、 风帽， 在 炉膛部分距布风板 2. 5m以上位置布置方盘辐射受热管束， 2. 5ra以下由保温耐火材料构 成， 因为低速循环流化床只有在距离布风板 1. 5tn 以下才有磨损， 这种布置不可能对受 热面造成磨损； 在尾部竖直烟道部分与炉膛部分中间布置多管旋风分离装置， 在此位置 多管旋风分离装置是活动连接， 便于更换， 多管旋风分离装置能够控制好烟气流速， 并 且其合理的安装位置及特殊结构， 都可以解决对流受热面的磨损问题， 多管旋风分离装 置下面安装了采用射流原理的返料系统， 返料系统主通气管道与辅助通气管道通过各自 的电动风门， 根据实际情况， 由微电脑控制进行自动调节各自的进风量， 能够使炉膛燃 烧温度始终自动保持在合理范围， 防止由于炉膛温度过高而结渣影响传热效果， 进而烧 坏辐射区域的换热管。 在尾部竖直烟道部分安装有高温对流管束、 低温对流管束、 空气 预热器。 高温对流管束、 低温对流管束分段连接， 便于维修更换， 解决由于部分对流管 损坏难以修理的问题， 提高了循环流化床有机热载体炉的运行时间， 降低了维修成本。 对流区采用分段连接， 并且高、 低温区的对流管束可以根据各自的实际情况釆用不同的 结构，使得在高、低温区各个经过对流管束的烟速和其内部的油速都处在合理的范围内， 提高吸热效果。
由于循环流化床燃烧煤种适应性广、燃烧效率高，不仅仅应用于有机热载体锅炉上， 也广泛应用于工业的蒸汽锅炉、 化工的焙烧锅炉、 热风炉、 水泥烘干炉、 陶瓷热风炉等。 用这种燃烧方式， 可以解决燃料种类单一问题， 更重要的是采用本技术后节煤可达
15%~30%, 烟气黑度小于林格曼 I 级， 维修方便从而减少停炉带来的经济损失， 运行成 本低， 一年内即可回收全部投资。
多管旋风分离装置位于尾部竖直烟道部分与炉膛部件中间且方便拆卸， 损坏时能够 快速拆卸维修或者更换， 降低长时间停炉带来的经济损失； 当多管旋风分离装置中部分 旋风分离子损坏时， 没有分离的部分烟气直接从旋风分离子出口排出， 由于旋风分离子 出口直径小导致烟气流速很快， 而多管旋风分离装置外部空间很大， 当分离的烟气进入 多管旋风分离装置外部空间时， 烟气速度突然下降， 颗粒大的物料在重力作用下沉降到 多管旋风分离装置顶部， 比较干净的烟气进入对流区， 这样即使多管旋风分离装置中部 分旋风分离子损坏也不会磨损对流受热面管束， 延长了对流管束的使用寿命， 避免了由 于多管旋风分离装置损坏导致对流受热面管束磨损而造成重大停炉事故。 多管旋风分离 装置合理的安装位置和其特殊的结构能够避免流受热面磨损， 提高了循环流化床有机热 载体炉的运行时间和使用寿命， 降低了维修、 运行成本。
多管旋风分离装置下面安装的返料系统， 其料口位置采用射流原理， 高速流动的气 流和其在料口周围形成低压区使得料口不会被堵塞。 落料筒外面通有冷空气可以降低落 料的温度， 减少了保温材料的使用， 降低了成本。 返料系统主通气管道与辅助通气管道 通过各自的电动风门， 根据实际情况， 由微电脑控制进行自动调节各自的进风量， 能够 使炉膛燃烧温度始终自动保持在合理范围， 防止由于炉膛温度过高而结渣， 提高了循环 流化床有机热载体炉的使用寿命和热效率。
本发明锅炉的对流区域即高、 低温对流管束釆用分段连接， 便于维修更换， 避免了 由于高温或者低温部分对流管损坏而造成整个相应的高、 低温对流管不能使用的问题。 并且当高温或者低温整个管束损坏严重时只是更换相应的高温或者低温段管束， 其他管 束可以正常使用， 避免更换所有的对流受热面， 降低了维修成本。对流区釆用分段连接， 使得高、 低温区的对流管束可以根据各自的实际情况采用不同的结构， 这样在高、 低温 区各个经过对流管束的烟速和其内部的油速都处在合理的范围内， 提高吸热效果， 整体 上提高了循环流化床有机热载体炉的热效率。
本发明锅炉上的进口集箱的内径截面积是进口集箱上所有开孔截面积和的 1-3倍， 并且内部安装均流板， 通过计算， 根据实际情况和进口集箱上所有开孔截面积和的 1-3 倍来选取合理的进口集箱直径， 并且给均流板在 0~90 ° 范围内选用一个合适的安装角 度， 从而保证了各个对流管束内流速相同， 解决了偏流问题。 本发明避免了安全事故、 提高锅炉运行时间， 降低经济损失。
本发明主要构成系统的主要作用和创新点：
本发明的有机热载体循环系统， 如图 5所示， 有机热载体经热媒循环油泵 35输入 进口集箱 29， 进口集箱 29与低温对流管束 28相连通； 如图 2导热油进口集箱结构示意 图所示， 进口集箱 29内部的均流板 32可保证进入低温对流管束 28的有机热载体流速 相同， 避免由于分流导致部分对流管烧坏的技术问题。 各对流管束通过对流段连接集箱 27连接，经过低温对流管束 28与烟气热交换后进入高温对流管束 26继续与烟气迸行热 交换； 如图 4高、 低温对流管束即对流受热面结构示意图所示， 为了便于维修、 提高吸 热效果， 将高温对流管束 26、 低温对流管束 28分段制作。 当其中一部分对流管损坏时， 找到与之相对应的对流管束， 迅速的拆卸并维修， 缩短的停炉时间， 降低了由于停炉带 来的经济损失。 并且高温对流管束 26、 低温对流管束 28可以根据各自的实际情况采用 不同的结构， 使得在高、 低温区各个经过对流管束的烟速和其内部的油速都处在合理的 范围内， 提高吸热效果。 最后经辐射与对流连接集箱 25进入方盘辐射受热管束 17在炉 膛部分 7内充分的吸收热量， 最后经过顶部受热面 20从出口集箱 18送入用热设备 34， 继而再返回重新加热。
本发明的燃烧系统， 如图 6所示， 该系统主要由锅炉底座 1、 炉膛 7、 多管旋风分 离装置 21、 返料口 6、 空气预热器 30等所组成， 炉膛 7的下部是密相料层， 最底部是 布风板 3， 布风板 3上均匀布置风帽 4， 经过空气预热器 30的一次空气由等压风箱 2经 过布风板 3从风帽 4均匀进入炉膛 7， 燃料与石灰石混合物经螺旋给煤机送至煤斗 8 , 二次风约占总空气量的 40%， 分别由二次风喷口 36和给煤口 5进入炉膛 7 ; 二次风喷口 36分上、中、下三层布置， 以利于燃烧和炉温控制， 降低 NO,的排放。 当 Ca/S比在 1. 5〜 2. 5时脱硫效率通常可达 90%; 整个燃烧是在低流化风速下进行， 炉温控制在 90(TC， 烟 气从炉膛 7 出来以后， 夹带了大量的颗粒物料进入高温多管旋风分离装置 21 内的旋风 分离子 19， 旋风分离子 19由耐高温、 耐磨铸钢铸造而成， 多管旋风分离装置 21位于尾 部竖直烟道部分 24与炉膛 7的中间， 并且便于拆卸， 被分离的颗粒经落料筒 12通过返 料口 6返回炉膛循环再燃烧； 当多管旋风分离装置 21中部分旋风分离子 19损坏时， 没 有分离的部分烟气直接从旋风分离子 19出口排出， 由于旋风分离子 19出口直径小导致 烟气流速很快， 而多管旋风分离装置 21 外部空间很大， 当分离的烟气进入多管旋风分 离装置 21 外部空间时， 烟气速度突然下降， 颗粒大的物料在重力作用下沉降到多管旋 风分离装置 21顶部， 比较干净的烟气进入尾部竖直烟道 24 , 这样即使多管旋风分离装 置 21中部分旋风分离子 19损坏也不会磨损对流受热面管束。离开多管旋风分离装置 21 的烟气进入尾部竖直烟道 24， 随烟气排走的微细颗粒可由锅炉后部的除尘器设备收集。
本发明的返料系统， 如图 3返料系统结构示意图所示， 该系统主要由多管旋风分离 装置 21下面的膨胀节 22、 落料筒 12、 保温筒 13、 主射流管 9、 辅助射流管 10组成， 膨胀节 22 主要防止返料系统高温膨胀造成不必要的损失， 外界的冷空气分成两部分， 其中一部分通过辅助电动风门 15和辅助射流管 16切向进入保温筒 13，冷空气绕着落料 筒 12向下转动同时和其内的高温颗粒换热变成高温孔气， 从辅助射流管 10向下倾斜高 速流入落料筒 12。 另一部分冷空气直接通过主电动风门 1 1进主射流管 9和从辅助射流 管 10流出的热空气、 落料筒 12落下的颗粒混合， 高速流向返料口 6进入炉膛。 辅助射 流管 10和主射流管 9内的高速气流在落料筒 12底部端口附近形成低压区（射流原理）， 避免了堵料现象； 并且微电脑通过实际情况调节主电动风门 1 1和辅助电动风门 15分配 合理的风量， 保证炉膛燃烧温度始终自动保持在一个合理的范围， 避免炉膛温度过高使 得炉膛结焦。
本发明的空气预热器系统， 如图 7所示本炉空气预热器为两级布置管式空气预热器 30， 上面一级为一次风空气预热进口 38， 下面为二次风空气预热进口 40， 空气分别由 一次风机 37和二次风机 39送入。 空气预热器 30的烟气在管内自上而下流动， 空气在 管外横向冲刷， 经过两个行程后分别进入一次风道 42和二次风道 41， 预热温度分别达 到 18CTC和 120°C .为使管箱在热状态下能自由伸胀， 在管箱上部装有伸缩节。

Claims

1、 一种环保节能循环流化床有机热载体锅炉， 包括炉膛和尾部竖直烟道， 所述 炉膛和尾部竖直烟道的周围分别设有保温耐火材料层和钢架； 所述炉膛和尾部竖直 烟道的顶部设有顶棚管， 顶棚管的一端与出口集箱连通； 所述炉膛内壁的上部设有 方盘辐射受热管束； 所述炉膛的下部设有与煤斗连通的给煤口； 所述炉膛的底部设 有等压风箱、 布风板和风帽； 其特征是所述炉膛和尾部竖直烟道之间设有与炉膛上 部出烟道连通的多管旋风分离装置， 多管旋风分离装置的顶部与尾部竖直烟道的顶 部连通， 多管旋风分离装置的底部与炉膛下部设有的返料口连通； 所述尾部竖直烟 道内设有分段连接的高、 低温对流管束， 位于上部的高温对流管束通过辐射与对流 连接集箱与所述顶棚管连通， 位于下部的低温对流管束与进口集箱连通； 所述尾部 竖直烟道的底部设有与炉膛底部等压风箱连通的空气预热器， 空气预热器上设有与 尾部竖直烟道底部连通的烟气出口。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的环保节能循环流化床有机热载体锅炉， 其特征是所述 多管旋风分离装置， 包括由膨胀节连接的旋风分离子和下端与主射流管连通的落料 筒， 落料筒外面设有保温筒， 保温筒的上部通过辅助电动风门与辅助进风管连通， 辅助进风管的下面设有分支管， 落料筒的下部设有辅助射流管； 所述分支管的下端 通过主电动风门与主射流管连接， 主射流管的下端口与炉膛下部的返料口连通。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的环保节能循环流化床有机热载体锅炉， 其特征是所述 高、 低温对流管束外设防磨罩， 高、 低温对流管束之间设有对流段连接集箱。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的环保节能循环流化床有机热载体锅炉， 其特征是所述 进口集箱内设均流板。
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