WO2013015097A1 - Electricity storage system and system interconnection system using same - Google Patents

Electricity storage system and system interconnection system using same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013015097A1
WO2013015097A1 PCT/JP2012/067344 JP2012067344W WO2013015097A1 WO 2013015097 A1 WO2013015097 A1 WO 2013015097A1 JP 2012067344 W JP2012067344 W JP 2012067344W WO 2013015097 A1 WO2013015097 A1 WO 2013015097A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
circuit
storage battery
discharge
charging
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2012/067344
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
俊之 平田
紘一郎 江阪
大祐 福田
Original Assignee
三洋電機株式会社
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Publication date
Application filed by 三洋電機株式会社 filed Critical 三洋電機株式会社
Priority to JP2013525648A priority Critical patent/JP6043967B2/en
Publication of WO2013015097A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013015097A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the electrical storage system connected to the line which connects a solar cell and a grid connection apparatus.
  • a solar power generation system having a solar cell and a grid interconnection device that converts DC power output from the solar cell into AC power and superimposes it on a commercial power system.
  • Such a grid-connected device of a photovoltaic power generation system can perform a self-sustained operation in which a solar cell is disconnected from a commercial power system and a power output from the solar cell is supplied to a load when a power failure occurs in the commercial power system. It has become.
  • the grid interconnection device cannot operate independently when a power failure occurs while the solar cell cannot output DC power (for example, at night). For this reason, a grid interconnection device is also proposed in which power from the storage battery can be input to the grid interconnection device, and in the event of a power failure, the power from the storage battery can be converted into AC power and supplied to the load. Yes. (Patent Document 1). JP 2008-54473 A
  • a storage battery is connected to a line connecting the solar battery and the inverter circuit, and a charge / discharge circuit for charging and discharging the storage battery is arranged between the storage battery and the line. ing.
  • the grid interconnection device detects that a power failure has occurred, the grid interconnection device gives a discharge command to the charge / discharge circuit, and supplies power from the storage battery to the inverter circuit.
  • the grid interconnection device can perform a self-sustained operation.
  • the grid interconnection device has a function that can be used in combination with the solar battery and the storage battery, but many grid interconnection devices that do not have such a function are also provided.
  • a circuit for notifying the power storage system of a power failure is separately required for the grid interconnection device, After all, there is a problem that a dedicated grid interconnection device is required.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such a point, and provides a power storage system that can assemble a solar power generation system that uses both a storage battery and a solar battery even when an existing grid interconnection device is used. .
  • the power storage system of the present invention comprises a storage battery, wherein the storage battery is connected to a grid interconnection device that converts the output power of the solar battery into alternating current power and outputs it to the commercial power system.
  • a charging circuit for charging the storage battery, a line connecting the solar battery and the grid interconnection device, and a discharge circuit connected between the storage battery and discharging from the storage battery to the grid interconnection device A power failure detection circuit for detecting a power failure in the commercial power system, and having a configuration that enables discharge from the storage battery to the grid interconnection device when the power failure is detected by the power failure detection circuit.
  • the power storage system supplies the DC power output from the storage battery to the grid interconnection device without receiving a power failure signal from the grid interconnection device in the event of a power failure. Then, the grid interconnection device receives this DC power, converts it to AC power, and can supply power to the load (becomes able to operate independently). In this manner, a solar power generation system that uses a storage battery and a solar battery in combination can be assembled even if an existing grid interconnection device is used.
  • the power failure detection circuit has an open / close circuit that opens a contact piece when power is supplied from a commercial power system, detects that the open / close circuit is closed, and detects the closed circuit from the storage battery. It discharges to a system apparatus, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
  • the charging circuit and the discharging circuit are charging / discharging circuits that charge and discharge the storage battery via an insulating transformer.
  • the charging circuit and the discharging circuit are configured by a charging / discharging circuit using a non-insulated bidirectional chopper circuit, and have a switch between the charging / discharging circuit and the line, When the power failure detection circuit detects feeding of the commercial power system, the switch is opened.
  • the terminal that outputs power, the commercial power system, and a load connected to the grid interconnection device or the output from the commercial power system A switching circuit that outputs any one of the electric power to the load is provided, and when a power failure is detected, output power of the grid interconnection device is output to the load.
  • the storage battery when the power failure is detected by the power failure detection circuit and the output voltage of the solar battery is equal to or higher than a first predetermined value, the storage battery is charged by the charging circuit, and the power failure detection circuit causes the power failure to occur. And when the output voltage of the solar cell is less than a first predetermined value, the storage battery is discharged by the discharge circuit, the power failure detection circuit detects the feeding of the commercial power system, and the output of the solar cell. When the voltage is equal to or higher than a second predetermined value, the charging circuit charges the storage battery, the power failure detection circuit detects the power supply of the commercial power system, and the output voltage of the solar battery is less than the second predetermined value. In some cases, the charging circuit and the discharging circuit are stopped.
  • the grid interconnection system of the present invention includes the grid interconnection device and the above-described power storage system.
  • a power storage system capable of assembling a solar power generation system that uses a storage battery and a solar battery in combination using an existing grid interconnection device.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating a photovoltaic power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment.
  • the solar power generation system 100 includes a solar cell 1, a grid interconnection device 2, and a power storage system 3.
  • the solar cell 1 changes its power generation amount according to the amount of solar radiation.
  • the solar cell 1 includes a plurality of single cell solar cells, and is configured by connecting a plurality of single cell solar cells in series and / or in parallel.
  • the rated voltage is 250 V, 300 V, output 2.4 Kw, output 4.8 Kw, and the like.
  • the grid interconnection device 2 receives the DC power output from the solar cell 1, converts the input DC power into AC power, and outputs the AC power to the commercial power grid 5 via the grid interconnection relay 21 (linkage). System operation). Further, when the commercial power system 5 is out of power, the DC power output from the solar cell 1 and / or the power storage system 3 is input, the input DC power is converted into AC power, and this AC power is converted to a relay 22 for independent operation. Is supplied to the load 6 through (stand-alone operation).
  • the grid interconnection device 2 has a function of automatically switching between grid operation and independent operation by detecting a power failure in the commercial power system 5. It should be noted that the switching between the grid operation and the independent operation may be performed manually after the grid interconnection device 2 detects a power failure and stops.
  • the block diagram of the grid connection apparatus 2 in 1st Embodiment is shown in FIG.
  • the grid interconnection device 2 includes a booster circuit 23, an inverter circuit 24, a filter circuit 25, a grid interconnection control circuit 26, a grid interconnection relay 21, and a self-sustained operation relay 22.
  • the booster circuit 23 is composed of a booster chopper circuit having a reactor, a switch element, and a diode. By controlling the duty ratio of the switch element, the DC power input to the grid interconnection device 2 is obtained. Boost to desired voltage.
  • the inverter circuit 24 is composed of a plurality of switch elements connected in a full bridge. By performing PWM control of this switch element, the DC power output from the booster circuit 23 is converted into AC power. The inverter circuit 24 outputs the converted AC power to the filter circuit 25.
  • the filter circuit 25 includes two reactors and a capacitor, and removes a high-frequency component of AC power output from the inverter circuit 24.
  • the AC power from which the high frequency component has been removed is output to the commercial power system via the grid interconnection relay 21 or to the load 6 via the autonomous operation relay 22.
  • the grid interconnection control circuit 26 controls operations of the booster circuit 23, the inverter circuit 24, the grid interconnection relay 21, and the independent operation relay 22.
  • the grid interconnection control circuit 26 determines whether or not the commercial power system 5 has a power failure at the time of startup. When the commercial power system 5 has a power failure, the grid interconnection control circuit 26 opens the grid interconnection relay 21 and closes the autonomous operation relay 22 to perform autonomous operation. In addition, when the commercial power system 5 is supplying power, the grid interconnection control circuit 26 closes the grid interconnection relay 21 and opens the independent operation relay 22 to perform interconnection operation.
  • FIG. 3 shows a configuration diagram of the power storage system 3 in the first embodiment.
  • the perspective view of the electrical storage system 3 in 1st Embodiment is shown in FIG.
  • the power storage system 3 includes a storage battery 30, a charge / discharge circuit 31, a power storage system control circuit 32, and a power failure detection circuit 33.
  • the storage battery 30, the charging / discharging circuit 31, and the electrical storage system control circuit 32 are accommodated in the housing 35a.
  • the power failure detection circuit 33 is housed in a housing 35b different from the housing 35a, and is connected to the power storage system control circuit 32 in the housing 35a by a signal line 36.
  • the storage battery 30 is configured by using, for example, a lead storage battery and connecting cells in series and / or in parallel so that the rated voltage is 12 [V] to 240 [V].
  • the charging / discharging circuit 31 is configured to charge or discharge the storage battery 30 via the insulating transformer 31c.
  • two bridge circuits 31a and 31b in which a plurality of (four) switch elements (for example, an element such as an IGBT) in which diodes are connected in antiparallel are connected in a full bridge are connected to an insulating transformer 31c. Connected through.
  • the charge / discharge circuit 31 can perform both charge and discharge, it can be called a charge circuit or a discharge circuit.
  • the AC side of the bridge circuit 31a is connected to the insulation transformer 31c, and the DC side is connected to the line 7 connecting the solar cell 1 and the grid interconnection device 2.
  • the line 7 and the charge / discharge circuit 31 are connected by a connection line 38.
  • the AC side of the bridge circuit 31 b is connected to the insulating transformer 31 c, and the DC side is connected to the storage battery 30.
  • the switch element of the bridge circuit 31a is PWM-driven, and the switch element of the bridge circuit 31b is stopped (shut off) to operate as a diode rectifier circuit.
  • the output voltage from the solar cell 1 is stepped down to a voltage slightly higher than the rated output of the storage battery 30, and the storage battery 30 can be charged.
  • Charging is performed by constant current charging until the voltage of the storage battery 30 reaches a predetermined voltage value, and is charged by constant voltage when the voltage of the storage battery 30 is higher than the predetermined voltage value.
  • the switch element of the bridge circuit 31b When discharging the storage battery 30, the switch element of the bridge circuit 31b is PWM-driven, and the switch element of the bridge circuit 31a is stopped (cut off) to operate as a diode rectifier circuit. Thereby, the output voltage from the storage battery 30 is boosted to about the operating voltage of the solar battery 1 and supplied to the grid interconnection device 2.
  • An electromagnetic relay is used for the power failure detection circuit 33.
  • An AC relay that receives driving power from the commercial power system 5 is used as the electromagnetic relay.
  • the AC relay is installed near the distribution board that distributes the power of the commercial power system 5 (the casing 35b is arranged near the distribution board).
  • the AC relay is connected to the commercial power system 5 by wiring from the distribution board and supplied with AC power.
  • the AC relay opens the contact piece when power is supplied from the commercial power system 5, and closes the contact piece when power is not supplied.
  • the contact piece is connected to the power storage system control circuit 32 via the signal line 36, and the power storage system control circuit 32 detects a power failure by detecting a current flowing when the contact piece is closed. Conversely, the power storage system control circuit 32 detects that the commercial power system 5 supplies power when no current flows.
  • the power storage system control circuit 32 controls the operation of the charge / discharge circuit 31.
  • the operation of the charging / discharging circuit 31 is as follows: (1) When the commercial power system is out of power and the solar cell is sufficiently generating power, (2) The commercial power system is out of power and the solar cell is sufficiently When power is not generated, (3) When the commercial power system is feeding and the solar cell is generating power, (4) When the commercial power system is feeding and the solar cell is not generating power Divided into four ways.
  • the commercial power system 5 is in a state where the solar battery can sufficiently generate power, supply power to the load 6 for autonomous operation, and use the power for charging the storage battery during a power failure. is there.
  • the power storage system control circuit 32 detects a power failure of the commercial power system 5 by the power failure detection circuit 33, and the voltage of the connection line 38 (output voltage of the solar cell) is equal to or higher than a first predetermined value (for example, the load 6 for autonomous operation). This value is determined when the value is sufficient to supply power. In this case, the power storage system control circuit 32 instructs the charge / discharge circuit 31 to charge the solar battery 1 to the storage battery 30.
  • the case of (2) will be described.
  • the power storage system control circuit 32 detects the power failure of the commercial power system 5 by the power failure detection circuit 33, and the voltage of the connection line 38 (the output voltage of the solar cell) is less than a first predetermined value (for example, the load 6 for autonomous operation). This value is determined when the value is sufficient to supply power.
  • the power storage system control circuit 32 monitors the current flowing between the storage battery 30 and the charge / discharge circuit, and performs discharge by current control so that the current becomes a predetermined current value.
  • the power storage system control circuit 32 detects the power supply of the commercial power system 5 by the power failure detection circuit 33, and the voltage of the connection line 38 (the output voltage of the solar battery) is equal to or higher than a second predetermined value (for example, the rated voltage of the storage battery 30). In some cases, this state is determined. In this case, the power storage system control circuit 32 instructs the charge / discharge circuit 31 to charge the solar battery 1 to the storage battery 30.
  • the case of (4) will be described.
  • the power storage system control circuit 32 detects the power supply of the commercial power system 5 by the power failure detection circuit 33 and the voltage of the connection line 38 (output voltage of the solar battery) is less than a second predetermined value (for example, the rated voltage of the storage battery 30). In some cases, this state is determined. In this case, the power storage system control circuit 32 shuts off all the switch elements constituting the bridge circuit of the charge / discharge circuit 31 and stops the charge / discharge circuit 31.
  • the first predetermined value may be set higher than the second predetermined value. In this way, charging is performed when the threshold value is higher than that during power supply during a power failure, and therefore, power supply with priority to the load 6 can be performed during a power failure.
  • the power storage system control circuit 32 is configured to perform protection control such as overcharge protection and overdischarge protection in addition to the control performed in the cases (1) to (4).
  • the power storage system 3 detects a power failure by the power failure detection circuit 33 connected to the commercial power system 5 and supplies DC power from the storage battery 30 to the grid interconnection device 2. become.
  • the electrical storage system 3 supplies the direct current power which the storage battery 30 outputs to the grid connection apparatus 2, without receiving the signal of a power failure from the grid connection apparatus 2 at the time of a power failure.
  • the grid connection apparatus 2 receives this direct current power, converts it into alternating current power, and can supply electric power to the load 6 (becomes able to carry out a self-supporting operation).
  • a solar power generation system that uses a storage battery and a solar battery in combination can be assembled even if an existing grid interconnection device is used.
  • the charging / discharging circuit 31 performs charging and discharging of the storage battery 30 via an insulating transformer, the switching element of the charging / discharging circuit 31 is shut off (stopped) so as to be connected to the solar battery 1. Since the line 7 connecting the system device 2 and the storage battery 30 are disconnected, the commercial power system 5 supplies power, and the solar battery 1 is not generating power, the discharge from the storage battery 30 to the grid interconnection device 2 Can be prevented.
  • the charge / discharge circuit 31 discharges the storage battery 30 only when the commercial power system 5 has a power failure. As a result, only charging is performed when the commercial power system 5 is feeding, so that the storage battery 30 can be used with a charging capacity of almost 100% when the commercial power system 5 fails.
  • the power failure detection circuit 33 is accommodated in a housing 35b separate from the housing 35a, and the power storage system control circuit 32 and the power failure detection circuit in the housing 35a are connected by a signal line 36.
  • the power failure detection circuit 33 can be arrange
  • the charging / discharging circuit 31 that charges and discharges the storage battery 30 via an insulating transformer is adopted.
  • a non-insulating bidirectional chopper is used for the charging / discharging circuit. Is adopted.
  • the grid connection apparatus 2 of the grid connection apparatus 2 is The power storage system 3 is provided with a switching circuit that outputs power from the commercial power grid 5 to the load 6 during power feeding.
  • the structure similar to 1st Embodiment can be used description is abbreviate
  • FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing the solar power generation system 100 according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram illustrating a modified example of the power storage system 3 in the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the power storage system 3 in the second embodiment.
  • the charge / discharge circuit 31 d includes a plurality (two) of switch elements 131 and 132, a reactor 133, a switch 134, and a diode 135 in which diodes are connected in reverse parallel.
  • the switch element 131 By opening and closing the switch element 131 at a predetermined duty ratio, the output voltage from the solar cell 1 is stepped down to a voltage slightly higher than the rated output of the storage battery 30, and the storage battery 30 can be charged.
  • the charging is constant current charging until the voltage of the storage battery 30 reaches a predetermined voltage value, and constant voltage charging is performed when the voltage of the storage battery 30 is greater than the predetermined voltage value.
  • the switch element 132 When discharging the storage battery 30, the switch element 132 is opened and closed with a predetermined duty ratio. Thereby, the output voltage of the storage battery 30 is boosted to about the operating voltage of the solar battery 1 and supplied to the grid interconnection device 2.
  • the switch 134 and the diode 135 are connected in parallel, and the diode 135 is connected to flow a current from the charge / discharge circuit 31 to the storage battery 30.
  • a parallel circuit of the switch 134 and the diode 135 is provided between the charge / discharge circuit 31 and the storage battery 30 (or may be provided between the charge / discharge circuit 31 and the line 7).
  • the parallel circuit of the switch 134 and the diode 135 is for preventing this, and the switch 134 is opened when the commercial power system 5 is supplying power, and the switch 134 is closed and used in the event of a power failure. .
  • the switch 134 is opened, and discharge from the storage battery 30 to the grid interconnection device 2 can be prevented.
  • the switch 134 is closed to supply power from the storage battery 30 to the grid interconnection device 2.
  • the power storage system 3 includes a switching circuit 34 as shown in FIGS.
  • As the switching circuit 34 a switch circuit that switches between two contacts is used.
  • the switching circuit 34 is housed in the housing 35b shown in FIG. 7 together with the power failure detection circuit 33.
  • the switching circuit 34 is connected to the autonomous operation relay 22 of the grid interconnection device 2, the commercial power system 5, and the load 6.
  • the connection of the autonomous operation relay 22 and the load 6, and the commercial power system 5 and the load 6 are connected. Switch between connections.
  • the switching circuit 34 When the switching circuit 34 connects the autonomous operation relay 22 and the load 6, output power when the grid interconnection device 2 performs autonomous operation can be supplied to the load. Further, when the switching circuit 34 connects the commercial power system 5 and the load 6, the power of the commercial power system 5 can be supplied to the load.
  • a connection line 39 is used for connection between the autonomous operation relay 22 and the switching circuit 34.
  • the commercial power system 5 and the switching circuit 34 are connected by wiring from the distribution board.
  • the switching circuit 34 is connected to the load by using an outlet 37 provided in the housing 35b so that a household load can be easily connected.
  • the power storage system control circuit 32 switches the connection of the switching circuit 34 in addition to the control described in the first embodiment.
  • the power storage system control circuit 32 detects a power failure, the power storage system control circuit 32 connects the autonomous operation relay 22 and the load 6, and when the power failure is not detected (the commercial power system 5 is supplying power) The power system 5 and the load 6 are connected. Thereby, at the time of a power failure of the commercial power system 5, the power that the grid interconnection device operates independently is supplied to the load 6, and the power supplied from the commercial power system 5 is supplied to the load 6 when the commercial power system 5 is fed.
  • the power storage system 3 having such a switching circuit 34 is connected to a grid interconnection device capable of automatic switching between interconnection operation and independent operation, it is possible to continue supplying power to the load 6 even if a power failure occurs.
  • a grid interconnection device capable of automatic switching between interconnection operation and independent operation
  • FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram showing the solar power generation system 100 according to the third embodiment.
  • the charge / discharge circuit 31 has a solar cell side circuit 31a on the solar cell side of the insulating transformer 31c. And the solar cell side circuit 31a has the 1st switch element 41 which charges by repeating conduction
  • the solar cell side circuit 31 a is connected so as to bypass the first switch element 41 (for example, in parallel with the first switch element 41), and a first diode 44 that flows a current in a direction opposite to that of the first switch element 41.
  • the storage battery side circuit 31b is connected so as to bypass the second switch element 42 (for example, in parallel with the second switch element 42), and includes a second diode 45 that flows a current in the direction opposite to that of the second switch element 42.
  • the power storage system 3 further includes a parallel circuit 130 in which a switch 134 and a third diode 135 are connected in parallel between the charge / discharge circuit 31 and the storage battery 30.
  • the first switch element 41 is PWM-driven, whereby a current flows through the first switch element 41, the second diode 45, and the third diode 135, and the storage battery 30 is charged.
  • the storage system 3 opens the switch 134 and PWM-drives the second switch element 41, whereby a current flows through the switch 134, the second switch element 42, and the first diode 44, so that the storage battery 30 Discharge. That is, charging is performed by bypassing the switch during charging, and discharging is performed through the switch during discharging.
  • the power storage system 3 is provided with a manual switch 40 on a power line connecting the line 7 and the charge / discharge circuit 31, and when the power storage system 3 is used, the manual switch 40 is closed and used.
  • the power storage system 3 includes ground fault detection sensors CT1 and CT4 such as ZCT for detecting a ground fault, current sensors CT2 and CT3, and voltage sensors VS1 and VS2.
  • Ground fault detection sensor CT1 is arrange
  • the current sensor CT2 is disposed on the cathode side (storage battery side) of the third diode 135, and detects the charging current to the storage battery.
  • the current sensor CT3 is disposed on the storage battery side of the switch 134 and detects a discharge current from the storage battery.
  • the ground fault detection sensor CT4 is disposed between the parallel circuit 130 and the storage battery 30, and detects a ground fault therebetween.
  • the voltage sensor VS1 is disposed on the solar cell 1 side of the charge / discharge circuit 31 and detects the voltage of the solar cell 1.
  • the voltage sensor VS ⁇ b> 2 is connected to the storage battery 30 side of the charge / discharge circuit 31 and detects the voltage of the storage battery 30.
  • the outputs of these sensors CT1 to CT4 and voltage sensors VS1 and VS2 are input to the power storage system control circuit 32 and used when the power storage system 3 performs a protection operation.
  • the power storage system control circuit 32 includes a charge drive circuit 61 for driving the first switch element 41, a discharge drive circuit 62 for driving the second switch element 42, and a switch drive circuit for driving the switch 134. Have.
  • the charge drive circuit 61 inputs a gate block signal GB1 and a charge control signal S1, which will be described later, and drives the first switch element 41.
  • the charge control signal S1 is a signal for driving the first switch element 41 in order to charge the storage battery 30 in normal operation.
  • the charging current or charging voltage is set.
  • a PWM signal created by feedback is used.
  • “Hi” is input as the gate block signal GB1, the first switch element 41 is cut off (so-called gate block) regardless of what signal is input to the charge control signal S1. The switch element is prohibited from being turned on (maintained in a cut-off state).
  • the discharge drive circuit 62 receives the discharge control signal S2 and drives the second switch element 42.
  • the discharge control signal S2 is a signal for driving the second switch element 42 to discharge the storage battery 30 in a normal operation, and is generated by feeding back a discharge current and a charge voltage when discharging the storage battery 30. Use signals.
  • “Hi” is input as the gate block signal GB2
  • the transmission of the discharge control signal S2 is cut off, the second switch element 42 is cut off (so-called gate block), and the first switch element is always turned off. To do.
  • the power storage system control circuit 32 includes a PV undervoltage detection unit 51, a PV overvoltage detection unit 52, and a solar cell ground fault detection unit 53. In addition, the power storage system control circuit 32 includes a discharge overcurrent detection unit 54 that detects charging / discharging abnormality of the power storage system 3.
  • the power storage system control circuit 32 includes a storage battery overcharge detection unit 56 that detects an abnormality in the storage battery 30, a storage battery overdischarge detection unit 57, and a storage battery ground fault detection unit 58.
  • the PV undervoltage detection unit 51 detects the voltage of the solar cell 1 with the voltage sensor VS1, and outputs a PV undervoltage signal SA1 according to the detected voltage. Specifically, when the voltage of the solar cell 1 is lower than a predetermined voltage value, it is determined that the voltage of the solar cell 1 is low and the storage battery 30 cannot be charged (abnormal), and the PV undervoltage signal SA1 is “Hi”. Is output. Further, when the voltage of the solar cell 1 is higher than a predetermined voltage value, it is determined that the voltage of the solar cell 1 is high and the storage battery 30 can be charged (normal), and “Low” is output as the PV undervoltage signal SA1. .
  • the predetermined voltage value is set such that the charge / discharge circuit 31 can determine that the storage battery 30 cannot be charged.
  • the PV overvoltage detection unit 51 detects the voltage of the solar cell 1 with the voltage sensor VS1, and outputs a PV undervoltage signal SA1 according to the detected voltage. Specifically, when the voltage of the solar cell 1 is higher than a predetermined voltage value, an abnormality of the solar cell 1 is detected, and “Hi” is output as the PV overvoltage signal SA2. When the voltage of the solar cell 1 is lower than a predetermined voltage value, the solar cell 1 is determined to be normal, and “Low” is output as the PV undervoltage signal SA1.
  • a voltage value higher than a voltage for example, a rated voltage or a prescribed maximum voltage
  • the solar cell ground fault detector 53 detects the current flowing to the solar cell 1 side of the charge / discharge circuit 31 by the ground fault detection sensor CT1, and outputs a solar cell ground fault signal SA3 according to the detected current. Specifically, when the current detected by the ground fault detection sensor CT1 is higher than a predetermined current value, a ground fault (abnormality) of the solar battery is detected, and “Hi” is output as the solar battery ground fault signal SA3. To do. Further, when the current detected by the ground fault detection sensor CT1 is lower than a predetermined current value, it is determined that the solar battery 1 has no ground fault (normal), and “Low” is output as the solar battery ground fault signal SA3. .
  • the predetermined current value is set to a current value that does not flow when charging / discharging is normally performed by the charging / discharging circuit 31.
  • the discharge overcurrent detection unit 54 detects a current discharged from the storage battery 30 by the current sensor CT3, and outputs a discharge overcurrent signal SA4 according to the detected current. Specifically, when the current detected by the current sensor CT3 is higher than a predetermined current value, it is detected that the battery 30 is overdischarged (abnormal), and “Hi” is output as the discharge overcurrent signal SA4. To do. When the current detected by the current sensor CT3 is lower than a predetermined current value, it is detected as normal and “Low” is output as the discharge overcurrent signal SA4.
  • the predetermined current value is set to a current value higher than a current (for example, a rated discharge current or a maximum discharge current) that flows during normal discharge by the charge / discharge circuit 31.
  • the charging overcurrent detection unit 55 detects the current charged in the storage battery 30 by the current sensor CT2, and outputs the charging overcurrent signal SA5 according to the detected current. Specifically, when the current detected by the current sensor CT2 is higher than a predetermined current value, it is detected that the storage battery 30 is overcharged (abnormal), and “Hi” is output as the charge overcurrent signal SA5. To do. When the current detected by the current sensor CT2 is lower than a predetermined current value, it is detected as normal and “Low” is output as the charge overcurrent signal SA5.
  • a current value higher than a current for example, a rated charge current or a maximum charge current
  • the storage battery overcharge detection unit 56 detects the voltage of the storage battery 30 with the voltage sensor VS2, and outputs a storage battery overcharge signal SA6 according to the detected voltage. Specifically, when the voltage detected by voltage sensor VS2 is higher than a predetermined voltage value, it is detected that storage battery 30 is overcharged, and “Hi” is output as storage battery overcharge detection signal SA6. Further, when the voltage detected by the voltage sensor VS2 is lower than a predetermined voltage value, it is detected that the storage battery 30 is normal, and “Low” is output as the storage battery overcharge detection signal SA6.
  • the predetermined voltage value will be described.
  • the voltage (open voltage) of the storage battery 30 is high if it is high, and low if it is low, depending on the charge capacity (for example, in proportion).
  • the operating voltage of the storage battery is defined, and when this operating voltage is exceeded, it can be determined that the battery is overcharged. Therefore, the upper limit of the operating voltage is preferably set to the predetermined voltage value.
  • the storage battery overdischarge detection unit 57 detects the voltage of the storage battery 30 by the voltage sensor VS2, and outputs a storage battery overdischarge signal SA7 according to the detected voltage. Specifically, when the voltage detected by the voltage sensor VS2 is lower than a predetermined voltage value, it is detected that the storage battery 30 is overdischarged, and “Hi” is output as the storage battery overdischarge detection signal SA7. Further, when the voltage detected by the voltage sensor VS2 is higher than a predetermined voltage value, it is detected that the storage battery 30 is normal, and “Low” is output as the storage battery overdischarge detection signal SA7.
  • the predetermined voltage value may be set to the lower limit of the operating voltage of the storage battery 30.
  • the storage battery ground fault detection unit 58 detects a current flowing to the storage battery 30 side of the charge / discharge circuit 31 by the ground fault detection sensor CT4 and outputs a storage battery ground fault signal SA8. Specifically, when the current detected by the ground fault detection sensor CT4 is higher than a predetermined current value, the ground fault (abnormality) of the storage battery 30 is detected, and “Hi” is output as the storage battery ground fault signal SA8. . Further, when the current detected by the ground fault detection sensor CT4 is lower than a predetermined current value, it is determined that the storage battery 30 has no ground fault (normal), and “Low” is output as the storage battery ground fault signal SA8.
  • the predetermined current value is set to a current value that does not flow when charging / discharging is normally performed by the charging / discharging circuit 31.
  • the output signals SA1 to SA8 are input to the gate block signal generation circuit 64, and the gate block signals GB1 and GB2 are output to the charge drive circuit 61 and the discharge drive circuit 62, respectively, according to the input signals.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an operation pattern of the gate block signal generation circuit 64.
  • the gate block signal generation circuit 64 when any “Hi” signal of the signals SA1, SA2, SA3, SA5, SA6, and SA8 is input to the gate block signal generation circuit 64, the gate block signal generation circuit 64 The gate block signal GB1 is generated and output to the charge driving circuit 61. When any one of the signals SA2, SA3, SA4, SA7, and SA8 is input to the gate block signal generation circuit 64, the gate block signal generation circuit 64 receives the “Hi” gate block signal GB2. It is generated and output to the discharge drive circuit 62.
  • the abnormality of the solar cell 1, the storage battery 30, and the charge / discharge circuit 31 is judged, and when the abnormality is detected, the first switch element 41 or the second switch element 42 is gate-blocked.
  • the first switch element 41 is gate-blocked.
  • the solar cell 1 is overvoltage, when the solar cell 1 is grounded, when the current flowing during discharge is overcurrent, when the storage battery 30 is overdischarged, or when the storage battery 30 is grounded.
  • the power storage system 3 includes a power failure detection unit 59, a discharge operation unit 60, a logical product circuit AN1, and a negative circuit NO1.
  • the power failure detection unit 59 outputs a “Hi” signal when the power failure detection circuit 33 detects a power failure of the commercial power system 5, and a “Low” signal when the power failure detection circuit 33 detects power supply of the commercial power system 5. Output to AN1.
  • the discharge operation unit 60 accepts discharge from the user.
  • a button for accepting the discharge of the storage battery 30 may be prepared, and the user may accept the discharge when the button is pressed. If the discharge operation unit 60 accepts discharge, the discharge operation unit 60 outputs a “Hi” signal to the AND circuit AN1 if the discharge operation unit 60 does not accept discharge.
  • the AND circuit AN1 outputs a “Hi” signal when the “Hi” signal is input from the discharge operation unit 60 and the power failure detection unit 59, and “Low” if any one of the signals is “Low”. Output a signal.
  • the signal output from the AND circuit AN1 is input to the switch drive circuit 63 and the negative circuit NO1.
  • the switch driving circuit 63 closes the switch 134 when the “Hi” signal is input, and opens the switch 134 when the “Low” signal is input.
  • the input signal is inverted and the discharge inhibition signal SA9 is output to the gate block signal generation circuit 64. That is, when the “Hi” signal is input to the negative circuit NO1, the “Low” signal is output as the discharge inhibition signal, and when the “Low” signal is input, the “Hi” signal is output as the discharge inhibition signal.
  • the gate block signal generation circuit 64 When the “Hi” discharge inhibition signal is input, the gate block signal generation circuit 64 generates a “Hi” gate block signal GB 2 and outputs the gate block signal GB 2 to the discharge drive circuit 62.
  • the storage battery 30, or the charge / discharge circuit 31 when there is an abnormality in the solar cell 1, the storage battery 30, or the charge / discharge circuit 31, the first switch element or the second switch element is gate-blocked.
  • the charging / discharging operation of the charging / discharging circuit 31 is prohibited depending on the state, and the storage system 3 or the storage battery 30 can be protected.
  • the discharge of the storage battery 30 is blocked from the soft and hard surfaces by the gate block of the charging / discharging circuit 31 and the switch 134, the discharge of the storage battery 30 is not accidentally discharged and the self-supporting operation of the storage battery 30 is performed. A sufficient charging capacity can be secured.
  • the battery is charged by bypassing the switch when charging, and discharged through the switch when discharging. For this reason, it is not necessary to operate the switch 134 about the charging operation performed even when the commercial power system 5 is out of power or during power feeding, and can be easily executed only by the operation by software.
  • the first switch element 41 and the second switch element 42 are kept in the cutoff state by the gate block.
  • the output of the control signals S1 and S2 is reduced (for example, set to zero) so as to be in the cutoff state. It may be kept.
  • the charge / discharge circuit 31 is expressed as shown in FIG. 8 for simplicity.
  • the first switch element 41 is a switch element of the bridge circuit 31a.
  • the second switch element 42 corresponds to the switch element of the bridge circuit 31b, respectively, and the first diode corresponds to the switch element of the bridge circuit 31a. It can be said that it corresponds to a diode provided in parallel, and the second diode corresponds to a diode provided in anti-parallel to the switch element of the bridge circuit 31b.
  • the parallel circuit 130 is expressed as shown in FIG. 8 for the sake of simplicity, but can be connected as shown in FIG. 4, for example.
  • the charge / discharge circuit 31 using the insulation transformer 31c has been described.
  • a charge / discharge circuit 31d as shown in FIG. 4 that does not use the insulation transformer 31c can also be used.
  • the first switch element 41 corresponds to the switch element 131
  • the second switch element corresponds to the switch element 132
  • the first diode 44 is a diode provided in antiparallel with the first switch element.
  • the second diode 45 corresponds to a diode provided in antiparallel with the second switch element.
  • an electromagnetic relay that opens a contact piece when power is supplied from the commercial power system 5 is used to determine whether the commercial power system 5 is a power failure or power supply.
  • Various circuits can be used as long as the circuit opens and closes the contact piece.
  • a photocoupler or the like may be used.
  • the power failure detection circuit 33 uses an electromagnetic relay to open and close the contact piece to detect a power failure.
  • the contact piece is opened and closed by using an open / close circuit such as a photocoupler. You may detect whether the electric power grid
  • a lead storage battery is used as the storage battery 30
  • a lithium ion battery a nickel hydrogen battery, or the like can also be used.
  • the charge / discharge circuits (insulation type) 31a to 31c using the insulation transformer and the bidirectional chopper 31d are described as the charge / discharge circuit 31, but various configurations can be used.
  • a charging circuit and a discharging circuit may be arranged in parallel.
  • the charging circuit and the discharging circuit may be set to either an insulating type or a non-insulating type.
  • charging is performed from the solar battery 1, but it is also possible to charge using the commercial power system 5.
  • the charging circuit and the discharging circuit are separated, the discharging circuit is disposed between the line 7 and the storage battery 30, and the charging circuit is disposed between the commercial power system 5 and the storage battery 30.
  • the storage battery 30 can be charged, without using the bidirectional
  • the outlet 37 is provided in the housing 35b, but the outlet 37 is attached to a wall of a building and used by wiring from the switching circuit to the outlet 37 (for example, wiring from the inside of the wall). You may do it.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

[Problem] To provide an electricity storage system in which an existing system interconnection device can be used to build a solar power generation system that uses a storage cell and a solar cell jointly. [Solution] An electricity storage system provided with a storage cell (30), for supplying the output of the storage cell (30) to a system interconnection device (2) for converting the output power of a solar cell (1) to alternating-current power and outputting to a commercial power system (5); the electricity storage system characterized in comprising: a charging circuit (31) for charging the storage cell (30); a line (7) for connecting the solar cell (1) and the system interconnection device (2); a discharging circuit (31) for discharging from the storage cell (30) to the system interconnection device (2), the discharging circuit being connected to the storage cell (30); and a power outage detection circuit (33) for detecting a power outage in the commercial power system (5); discharging from the storage cell (30) to the system interconnection device (2) being enabled when a power outage is detected by the power outage detection circuit (33).

Description

[規則26に基づく補充 30.07.2012]　蓄電システム、及びそれを利用した系統連系システム[Supplement based on Rule 26.07.2012] Power storage system and grid interconnection system using it
　本発明は、太陽電池と系統連系装置とを接続するラインに接続される蓄電システムに関する。 This invention relates to the electrical storage system connected to the line which connects a solar cell and a grid connection apparatus.
　近年、太陽電池と、この太陽電池から出力される直流電力を交流電力に変換して商用電力系統へ重畳する系統連系装置とを有する太陽光発電システムが提供されている。この様な太陽光発電システムの系統連系装置は、商用電力系統において停電が起きた場合に太陽電池を商用電力系統から切り離し、太陽電池から出力される電力を負荷へ供給する自立運転が行えるようになっている。 Recently, a solar power generation system having a solar cell and a grid interconnection device that converts DC power output from the solar cell into AC power and superimposes it on a commercial power system is provided. Such a grid-connected device of a photovoltaic power generation system can perform a self-sustained operation in which a solar cell is disconnected from a commercial power system and a power output from the solar cell is supplied to a load when a power failure occurs in the commercial power system. It has become.
　系統連系装置は、太陽電池が直流電力の出力ができない間（例えば、夜間等）、に停電がおきた場合は、自立運転することができない。このため、系統連系装置に、蓄電池からの電力も入力できるようにし、停電が起きた場合には、蓄電池からの電力を交流電力に変換して負荷へ供給できる系統連系装置も提案されている。（特許文献１）。
特開２００８－５４４７３ The grid interconnection device cannot operate independently when a power failure occurs while the solar cell cannot output DC power (for example, at night). For this reason, a grid interconnection device is also proposed in which power from the storage battery can be input to the grid interconnection device, and in the event of a power failure, the power from the storage battery can be converted into AC power and supplied to the load. Yes. (Patent Document 1).
JP 2008-54473 A
　特許文献１に記載の系統連系装置は、太陽電池とインバータ回路とを接続するラインに蓄電池が接続され、蓄電池とラインとの間には蓄電池の充電、及び放電を行う充放電回路が配置されている。これにより、停電が起きたことを系統連系装置が検出すると、系統連系装置は、充放電回路に放電指令を与え、蓄電池からインバータ回路へ電力を供給する。これにより、太陽電池が発電しない夜間でも、蓄電池が電源となり系統連系装置は自立運転を行うことができる。 In the grid interconnection device described in Patent Document 1, a storage battery is connected to a line connecting the solar battery and the inverter circuit, and a charge / discharge circuit for charging and discharging the storage battery is arranged between the storage battery and the line. ing. Thus, when the grid interconnection device detects that a power failure has occurred, the grid interconnection device gives a discharge command to the charge / discharge circuit, and supplies power from the storage battery to the inverter circuit. Thereby, even at night when the solar battery does not generate electricity, the storage battery becomes a power source, and the grid interconnection device can perform a self-sustained operation.
　しかしながら、上述のように系統連系装置に太陽電池と蓄電池と併用できる機能が予め設けられていれば良いが、この様な機能を有していない系統連系装置も数多く提供されている。また、この様な機能を有していない系統連系装置に、蓄電池と充放電回路とを有する蓄電システムをつけたとしても、停電を蓄電システムに知らせる回路が系統連系装置に別途必要となり、結局、専用の系統連系装置が必要になる問題がある。 However, as described above, it is sufficient that the grid interconnection device has a function that can be used in combination with the solar battery and the storage battery, but many grid interconnection devices that do not have such a function are also provided. In addition, even if a power storage system having a storage battery and a charge / discharge circuit is attached to a grid interconnection device that does not have such a function, a circuit for notifying the power storage system of a power failure is separately required for the grid interconnection device, After all, there is a problem that a dedicated grid interconnection device is required.
　本発明は、この様な点に鑑み成されたものであり、既存の系統連系装置を利用しても蓄電池と太陽電池とを併用する太陽光発電システムを組み上げることができる蓄電システムを提供する。 The present invention has been made in view of such a point, and provides a power storage system that can assemble a solar power generation system that uses both a storage battery and a solar battery even when an existing grid interconnection device is used. .
　上記目的を達成するために、本発明の蓄電システムは、蓄電池を備え、太陽電池の出力電力を交流電力に変換し商用電力系統へ出力する系統連系装置に前記蓄電池を接続する蓄電システムにおいて、前記蓄電池の充電を行う充電回路と、前記太陽電池及び前記系統連系装置を接続するラインと、前記蓄電池との間に接続され、前記蓄電池から前記系統連系装置への放電を行う放電回路と、前記商用電力系統の停電を検出する停電検出回路と、を備え、前記停電検出回路により、停電を検出した場合に前記蓄電池から前記系統連系装置への放電を可能とする構成を備えることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the power storage system of the present invention comprises a storage battery, wherein the storage battery is connected to a grid interconnection device that converts the output power of the solar battery into alternating current power and outputs it to the commercial power system. A charging circuit for charging the storage battery, a line connecting the solar battery and the grid interconnection device, and a discharge circuit connected between the storage battery and discharging from the storage battery to the grid interconnection device A power failure detection circuit for detecting a power failure in the commercial power system, and having a configuration that enables discharge from the storage battery to the grid interconnection device when the power failure is detected by the power failure detection circuit. Features.
　この様にすることで、蓄電システムは、停電時に、系統連系装置から停電の信号を受け取ることなく、系統連系装置に蓄電池の出力する直流電力を供給する。そして、系統連系装置は、この直流電力を受けて交流電力に変換し、負荷へ電力を供給できるようになる（自立運転できるようになる）。この様に、既存の系統連系装置を利用しても蓄電池と太陽電池とを併用する太陽光発電システムを組み上げることができる。 In this way, the power storage system supplies the DC power output from the storage battery to the grid interconnection device without receiving a power failure signal from the grid interconnection device in the event of a power failure. Then, the grid interconnection device receives this DC power, converts it to AC power, and can supply power to the load (becomes able to operate independently). In this manner, a solar power generation system that uses a storage battery and a solar battery in combination can be assembled even if an existing grid interconnection device is used.
　また、上述の発明において、前記停電検出回路は、商用電力系統から電力が供給されると接片を開く開閉回路を有し、前記開閉回路が閉じたことを検出して前記蓄電池から前記系統連系装置への放電を行うことを特徴とする。 In the above-described invention, the power failure detection circuit has an open / close circuit that opens a contact piece when power is supplied from a commercial power system, detects that the open / close circuit is closed, and detects the closed circuit from the storage battery. It discharges to a system apparatus, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
　また、上述の発明において、前記充電回路、及び前記放電回路は、絶縁トランスを介して前記蓄電池の充電、及び放電を行う充放電回路であることを特徴とする。 In the above-described invention, the charging circuit and the discharging circuit are charging / discharging circuits that charge and discharge the storage battery via an insulating transformer.
　また、上述の発明において、前記充電回路、及び前記放電回路は、非絶縁型の双方向チョッパ回路による充放電回路により構成され、前記充放電回路と前記ラインとの間に開閉器を有し、前記停電検出回路により、前記商用電力系統の給電を検出した場合に前記開閉器を開くことを特徴とする。 In the above-mentioned invention, the charging circuit and the discharging circuit are configured by a charging / discharging circuit using a non-insulated bidirectional chopper circuit, and have a switch between the charging / discharging circuit and the line, When the power failure detection circuit detects feeding of the commercial power system, the switch is opened.
　また、上述の発明において、前記系統連系装置が自立運転する場合に電力を出力する端子と、前記商用電力系統と、負荷に接続され、前記系統連系装置、或いは前記商用電力系統からの出力電力のいずれかを前記負荷へ出力する切替回路を有し、停電を検出した場合に、前記系統連系装置の出力電力を前記負荷へ出力することを特徴とする。 Further, in the above-described invention, when the grid interconnection device is operated independently, the terminal that outputs power, the commercial power system, and a load connected to the grid interconnection device or the output from the commercial power system A switching circuit that outputs any one of the electric power to the load is provided, and when a power failure is detected, output power of the grid interconnection device is output to the load.
　また、上述の発明において、前記停電検出回路により、停電を検出し、且つ太陽電池の出力電圧が第１所定値以上である場合に前記充電回路により蓄電池を充電し、前記停電検出回路により、停電を検出し、且つ太陽電池の出力電圧が第１所定値未満である場合に前記放電回路により蓄電池を放電し、前記停電検出回路により、前記商用電力系統の給電を検出し、且つ太陽電池の出力電圧が第２所定値以上である場合に前記充電回路により蓄電池を充電し、前記停電検出回路により、前記商用電力系統の給電を検出し、且つ太陽電池の出力電圧が第２所定値未満である場合に前記充電回路、及び前記放電回路を停止することを特徴とする。 Moreover, in the above-mentioned invention, when the power failure is detected by the power failure detection circuit and the output voltage of the solar battery is equal to or higher than a first predetermined value, the storage battery is charged by the charging circuit, and the power failure detection circuit causes the power failure to occur. And when the output voltage of the solar cell is less than a first predetermined value, the storage battery is discharged by the discharge circuit, the power failure detection circuit detects the feeding of the commercial power system, and the output of the solar cell When the voltage is equal to or higher than a second predetermined value, the charging circuit charges the storage battery, the power failure detection circuit detects the power supply of the commercial power system, and the output voltage of the solar battery is less than the second predetermined value. In some cases, the charging circuit and the discharging circuit are stopped.
　また、上記目的を達成するために、本発明の系統連系システムは、前記系統連系装置と、上述の蓄電システムとを備えることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the grid interconnection system of the present invention includes the grid interconnection device and the above-described power storage system.
　本発明によれば、既存の系統連系装置を利用して蓄電池と太陽電池とを併用する太陽光発電システムを組み上げることができる蓄電システムを提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a power storage system capable of assembling a solar power generation system that uses a storage battery and a solar battery in combination using an existing grid interconnection device.
第１の実施形態における太陽光発電システム１００を示す構成図である。It is a lineblock diagram showing photovoltaic power generation system 100 in a 1st embodiment. 第１の実施形態における系統連系装置２の構成図である。It is a lineblock diagram of system interconnection device 2 in a 1st embodiment. 第１の実施形態における蓄電システム３の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the electrical storage system 3 in 1st Embodiment. 第１の実施形態における蓄電システム３の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the electrical storage system 3 in 1st Embodiment. 第２の実施形態における太陽光発電システム１００を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows the solar energy power generation system 100 in 2nd Embodiment. 第２の実施形態における蓄電システム３の変形例を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows the modification of the electrical storage system 3 in 2nd Embodiment. 第２の実施形態における蓄電システム３の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the electrical storage system 3 in 2nd Embodiment. 第３の実施形態における太陽光発電システム１００を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows the solar energy power generation system 100 in 3rd Embodiment. ゲートブロック信号生成回路の動作パターンを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the operation | movement pattern of a gate block signal generation circuit.
（第１の実施形態）
　以下、図面に基づき本発明の第１の実施形態を詳述する。図１は第１の実施形態における太陽光発電システム１００を示す構成図である。 (First embodiment)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating a photovoltaic power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment.
　太陽光発電システム１００は、太陽電池１、系統連系装置２、及び蓄電システム３により構成されている。 The solar power generation system 100 includes a solar cell 1, a grid interconnection device 2, and a power storage system 3.
　太陽電池１は、日射量に応じて発電量が変化する。また、太陽電池１は、複数の単セルの太陽電池を有し、複数の単セルの太陽電池を直列接続及び／又は並列接続することにより構成されている。例えば、定格電圧が２５０Ｖ、３００Ｖ、出力２．４Ｋｗ、出力４．８Ｋｗなどである。 The solar cell 1 changes its power generation amount according to the amount of solar radiation. The solar cell 1 includes a plurality of single cell solar cells, and is configured by connecting a plurality of single cell solar cells in series and / or in parallel. For example, the rated voltage is 250 V, 300 V, output 2.4 Kw, output 4.8 Kw, and the like.
　系統連系装置２は、太陽電池１から出力された直流電力を入力し、入力した直流電力を交流電力に変換して、系統連系用リレー２１を介して商用電力系統５へ出力する（連系運転）。また、商用電力系統５が停電時には、太陽電池１及び／又は蓄電システム３から出力された直流電力を入力し、入力した直流電力を交流電力に変換して、この交流電力を自立運転用リレー２２を介して負荷６へ供給する（自立運転）。系統連系装置２は、商用電力系統５の停電を検出して連系運転と自立運転の切り替えを自動で行う機能を有する。尚、連系運転と自立運転の切り替えは、系統連系装置２が停電を検出して停止した後、手動で行えるように構成しても良い。図２に第１の実施形態における系統連系装置２の構成図を示す。 The grid interconnection device 2 receives the DC power output from the solar cell 1, converts the input DC power into AC power, and outputs the AC power to the commercial power grid 5 via the grid interconnection relay 21 (linkage). System operation). Further, when the commercial power system 5 is out of power, the DC power output from the solar cell 1 and / or the power storage system 3 is input, the input DC power is converted into AC power, and this AC power is converted to a relay 22 for independent operation. Is supplied to the load 6 through (stand-alone operation). The grid interconnection device 2 has a function of automatically switching between grid operation and independent operation by detecting a power failure in the commercial power system 5. It should be noted that the switching between the grid operation and the independent operation may be performed manually after the grid interconnection device 2 detects a power failure and stops. The block diagram of the grid connection apparatus 2 in 1st Embodiment is shown in FIG.
　系統連系装置２は、昇圧回路２３、インバータ回路２４、フィルタ回路２５、系統連系制御回路２６、系統連系用リレー２１、及び自立運転用リレー２２を有している。 The grid interconnection device 2 includes a booster circuit 23, an inverter circuit 24, a filter circuit 25, a grid interconnection control circuit 26, a grid interconnection relay 21, and a self-sustained operation relay 22.
　昇圧回路２３は、図２に示すように、リアクトル、スイッチ素子、ダイオードを有する昇圧チョッパ回路により構成され、スイッチ素子のデューティ比を制御することにより、系統連系装置２に入力された直流電力を所望の電圧に昇圧する。 As shown in FIG. 2, the booster circuit 23 is composed of a booster chopper circuit having a reactor, a switch element, and a diode. By controlling the duty ratio of the switch element, the DC power input to the grid interconnection device 2 is obtained. Boost to desired voltage.
　インバータ回路２４は、フルブリッジ接続した複数のスイッチ素子により構成される。このスイッチ素子をＰＷＭ制御することにより、昇圧回路２３の出力する直流電力を交流電力に変換する。インバータ回路２４は変換した交流電力をフィルタ回路２５に出力する。 The inverter circuit 24 is composed of a plurality of switch elements connected in a full bridge. By performing PWM control of this switch element, the DC power output from the booster circuit 23 is converted into AC power. The inverter circuit 24 outputs the converted AC power to the filter circuit 25.
　フィルタ回路２５は、２つのリアクトルとコンデンサにより構成され、インバータ回路２４の出力する交流電力の高周波成分を除去する。高周波成分が除去された交流電力は、系統連系用リレー２１を介して商用電力系統へ、或いは自立運転用リレー２２を介して負荷６へ出力される。 The filter circuit 25 includes two reactors and a capacitor, and removes a high-frequency component of AC power output from the inverter circuit 24. The AC power from which the high frequency component has been removed is output to the commercial power system via the grid interconnection relay 21 or to the load 6 via the autonomous operation relay 22.
　系統連系制御回路２６は、昇圧回路２３、インバータ回路２４、系統連系用リレー２１、自立運転用リレー２２の動作を制御する。系統連系制御回路２６は、起動時に商用電力系統５が停電しているか否かを判断する。系統連系制御回路２６は、商用電力系統５が停電している場合は、系統連系用リレー２１を開き、自立運転用リレー２２を閉じ自立運転を行う。また、系統連系制御回路２６は、商用電力系統５が給電している場合は、系統連系用リレー２１を閉じ、自立運転用リレー２２を開いて連系運転を行う。 The grid interconnection control circuit 26 controls operations of the booster circuit 23, the inverter circuit 24, the grid interconnection relay 21, and the independent operation relay 22. The grid interconnection control circuit 26 determines whether or not the commercial power system 5 has a power failure at the time of startup. When the commercial power system 5 has a power failure, the grid interconnection control circuit 26 opens the grid interconnection relay 21 and closes the autonomous operation relay 22 to perform autonomous operation. In addition, when the commercial power system 5 is supplying power, the grid interconnection control circuit 26 closes the grid interconnection relay 21 and opens the independent operation relay 22 to perform interconnection operation.
　蓄電システム３は、商用電力系統５が停電している場合に、系統連系装置２に電力を供給し、商用電力系統５が給電している場合は、太陽電池１の出力電力を利用して充電する。図３に第１の実施形態における蓄電システム３の構成図を示す。図４に第１の実施形態における蓄電システム３の斜視図を示す。 The power storage system 3 supplies power to the grid interconnection device 2 when the commercial power system 5 is out of power, and uses the output power of the solar cell 1 when the commercial power system 5 supplies power. Charge. FIG. 3 shows a configuration diagram of the power storage system 3 in the first embodiment. The perspective view of the electrical storage system 3 in 1st Embodiment is shown in FIG.
　蓄電システム３は、蓄電池３０、充放電回路３１、蓄電システム制御回路３２、及び停電検出回路３３を備える。蓄電池３０、充放電回路３１、及び蓄電システム制御回路３２は、筺体３５ａ内に収容される。また停電検出回路３３は、筺体３５ａとは別の筺体３５ｂに収容され、信号線３６により筺体３５ａ内の蓄電システム制御回路３２に接続される。 The power storage system 3 includes a storage battery 30, a charge / discharge circuit 31, a power storage system control circuit 32, and a power failure detection circuit 33. The storage battery 30, the charging / discharging circuit 31, and the electrical storage system control circuit 32 are accommodated in the housing 35a. The power failure detection circuit 33 is housed in a housing 35b different from the housing 35a, and is connected to the power storage system control circuit 32 in the housing 35a by a signal line 36.
　蓄電池３０は、例えば、鉛蓄電池が利用され、定格電圧が１２［Ｖ］～２４０［Ｖ］になるように単電池を直列及び／又は並列に接続して構成される。 The storage battery 30 is configured by using, for example, a lead storage battery and connecting cells in series and / or in parallel so that the rated voltage is 12 [V] to 240 [V].
　充放電回路３１は、絶縁トランス３１ｃを介して蓄電池３０の充電、或いは放電を行うように構成されている。具体的には、ダイオードが逆並列接続された複数（４つ）のスイッチ素子（例えば、ＩＧＢＴのような素子が利用できる）をフルブリッジ接続した２つのブリッジ回路３１ａ、３１ｂを、絶縁トランス３１ｃを介して接続している。尚、充放電回路３１は、充電も放電も行うことができるため、充電回路とも放電回路とも言うことができる。 The charging / discharging circuit 31 is configured to charge or discharge the storage battery 30 via the insulating transformer 31c. Specifically, two bridge circuits 31a and 31b in which a plurality of (four) switch elements (for example, an element such as an IGBT) in which diodes are connected in antiparallel are connected in a full bridge are connected to an insulating transformer 31c. Connected through. In addition, since the charge / discharge circuit 31 can perform both charge and discharge, it can be called a charge circuit or a discharge circuit.
　ブリッジ回路３１ａの交流側は絶縁トランス３１ｃに接続され、直流側は、太陽電池１と系統連系装置２とを接続するライン７に接続される。このライン７と充放電回路３１は、接続ライン３８により接続される。ブリッジ回路３１ｂの交流側は絶縁トランス３１ｃに接続され、直流側は蓄電池３０に接続される。蓄電池３０を充電する際は、ブリッジ回路３１ａのスイッチ素子をＰＷＭ駆動し、ブリッジ回路３１ｂのスイッチ素子を停止（遮断）してダイオード整流回路として動作させる。これにより、太陽電池１からの出力電圧が蓄電池３０の定格出力より少し高い電圧に降圧され、蓄電池３０を充電することができる。充電は、蓄電池３０の電圧が所定の電圧値までは定電流充電を行い、蓄電池３０の電圧が所定の電圧値よりも大きい場合は、定電圧充電を行う。 The AC side of the bridge circuit 31a is connected to the insulation transformer 31c, and the DC side is connected to the line 7 connecting the solar cell 1 and the grid interconnection device 2. The line 7 and the charge / discharge circuit 31 are connected by a connection line 38. The AC side of the bridge circuit 31 b is connected to the insulating transformer 31 c, and the DC side is connected to the storage battery 30. When charging the storage battery 30, the switch element of the bridge circuit 31a is PWM-driven, and the switch element of the bridge circuit 31b is stopped (shut off) to operate as a diode rectifier circuit. Thereby, the output voltage from the solar cell 1 is stepped down to a voltage slightly higher than the rated output of the storage battery 30, and the storage battery 30 can be charged. Charging is performed by constant current charging until the voltage of the storage battery 30 reaches a predetermined voltage value, and is charged by constant voltage when the voltage of the storage battery 30 is higher than the predetermined voltage value.
　蓄電池３０を放電する際は、ブリッジ回路３１ｂのスイッチ素子をＰＷＭ駆動し、ブリッジ回路３１ａのスイッチ素子を停止（遮断）してダイオード整流回路として動作させる。これにより、蓄電池３０からの出力電圧が太陽電池１の動作電圧程度に昇圧され、系統連系装置２に供給される。 When discharging the storage battery 30, the switch element of the bridge circuit 31b is PWM-driven, and the switch element of the bridge circuit 31a is stopped (cut off) to operate as a diode rectifier circuit. Thereby, the output voltage from the storage battery 30 is boosted to about the operating voltage of the solar battery 1 and supplied to the grid interconnection device 2.
　停電検出回路３３には、電磁リレーが利用される。この電磁リレーには、駆動電力を商用電力系統５から供給を受けるＡＣリレーが用いられる。ＡＣリレーは、商用電力系統５の電力を分配する分電盤の近くに設置（筐体３５ｂを分電盤の近くに配置）される。ＡＣリレーはこの分電盤からの配線により、商用電力系統５と接続され、交流電力が供給される。ＡＣリレーは、商用電力系統５から電力が供給されている場合は、接片を開き、電力の供給が無くなると接片を閉じる。この接片は、信号線３６を介して蓄電システム制御回路３２に接続されており、蓄電システム制御回路３２は、接片が閉じることで流れる電流を検出して停電を検出する。また、逆に、蓄電システム制御回路３２は、電流が流れない場合に商用電力系統５が給電と検出する。 An electromagnetic relay is used for the power failure detection circuit 33. An AC relay that receives driving power from the commercial power system 5 is used as the electromagnetic relay. The AC relay is installed near the distribution board that distributes the power of the commercial power system 5 (the casing 35b is arranged near the distribution board). The AC relay is connected to the commercial power system 5 by wiring from the distribution board and supplied with AC power. The AC relay opens the contact piece when power is supplied from the commercial power system 5, and closes the contact piece when power is not supplied. The contact piece is connected to the power storage system control circuit 32 via the signal line 36, and the power storage system control circuit 32 detects a power failure by detecting a current flowing when the contact piece is closed. Conversely, the power storage system control circuit 32 detects that the commercial power system 5 supplies power when no current flows.
　蓄電システム制御回路３２は、充放電回路３１の動作を制御する。充放電回路３１の動作は、（１）商用電力系統が停電しており、且つ太陽電池が十分に発電している場合、（２）商用電力系統が停電しており、且つ太陽電池が十分に発電していない場合、（３）商用電力系統が給電しており、且つ太陽電池が発電している場合、（４）商用電力系統が給電しており、且つ太陽電池が発電していない場合の４通りに分かれる。 The power storage system control circuit 32 controls the operation of the charge / discharge circuit 31. The operation of the charging / discharging circuit 31 is as follows: (1) When the commercial power system is out of power and the solar cell is sufficiently generating power, (2) The commercial power system is out of power and the solar cell is sufficiently When power is not generated, (3) When the commercial power system is feeding and the solar cell is generating power, (4) When the commercial power system is feeding and the solar cell is not generating power Divided into four ways.
　（１）の場合について述べる。（１）の場合は、商用電力系統５が停電中、太陽電池が十分に発電を行い、自立運転用の負荷６に電力を供給でき、蓄電池への充電に電力を利用することができる状態である。蓄電システム制御回路３２は、停電検出回路３３により商用電力系統５の停電を検出し、接続ライン３８の電圧（太陽電池の出力電圧）が第１所定値以上（例えば、自立運転用の負荷６に電力を十分に供給できる値）である場合にこの状態と判断する。この場合、蓄電システム制御回路３２は、太陽電池１から蓄電池３０への充電を充放電回路３１に指示する。 The case of (1) will be described. In the case of (1), the commercial power system 5 is in a state where the solar battery can sufficiently generate power, supply power to the load 6 for autonomous operation, and use the power for charging the storage battery during a power failure. is there. The power storage system control circuit 32 detects a power failure of the commercial power system 5 by the power failure detection circuit 33, and the voltage of the connection line 38 (output voltage of the solar cell) is equal to or higher than a first predetermined value (for example, the load 6 for autonomous operation). This value is determined when the value is sufficient to supply power. In this case, the power storage system control circuit 32 instructs the charge / discharge circuit 31 to charge the solar battery 1 to the storage battery 30.
　（２）の場合について述べる。（２）の場合は、商用電力系統５が停電中、太陽電池は発電を行っているが、自立運転用の負荷６への電力供給が足りず、蓄電池の放電を利用して負荷電力の供給を行う状態である。蓄電システム制御回路３２は、停電検出回路３３により商用電力系統５の停電を検出し、接続ライン３８の電圧（太陽電池の出力電圧）が第１所定値未満（例えば、自立運転用の負荷６に電力を十分に供給できる値）である場合にこの状態と判断する。この場合、蓄電システム制御回路３２は、蓄電池３０と充放電回路との間に流れる電流を監視し、この電流が所定の電流値になるように電流制御により放電を行う。 The case of (2) will be described. In the case of (2), while the commercial power system 5 is out of power, the solar cell is generating power, but the power supply to the load 6 for independent operation is insufficient, and supply of load power using the discharge of the storage battery It is in a state to perform. The power storage system control circuit 32 detects the power failure of the commercial power system 5 by the power failure detection circuit 33, and the voltage of the connection line 38 (the output voltage of the solar cell) is less than a first predetermined value (for example, the load 6 for autonomous operation). This value is determined when the value is sufficient to supply power. In this case, the power storage system control circuit 32 monitors the current flowing between the storage battery 30 and the charge / discharge circuit, and performs discharge by current control so that the current becomes a predetermined current value.
　（３）の場合について述べる。（３）の場合は、商用電力系統５が給電中、太陽電池１が蓄電池３０を充電可能な状態である。蓄電システム制御回路３２は、停電検出回路３３により商用電力系統５の給電を検出し、接続ライン３８の電圧（太陽電池の出力電圧）が第２所定値（例えば、蓄電池３０の定格電圧）以上である場合にこの状態と判断する。この場合、蓄電システム制御回路３２は、太陽電池１から蓄電池３０への充電を充放電回路３１に指示する。 The case of (3) will be described. In the case of (3), the commercial power system 5 is supplying power, and the solar battery 1 is in a state where the storage battery 30 can be charged. The power storage system control circuit 32 detects the power supply of the commercial power system 5 by the power failure detection circuit 33, and the voltage of the connection line 38 (the output voltage of the solar battery) is equal to or higher than a second predetermined value (for example, the rated voltage of the storage battery 30). In some cases, this state is determined. In this case, the power storage system control circuit 32 instructs the charge / discharge circuit 31 to charge the solar battery 1 to the storage battery 30.
　（４）の場合について述べる。（４）の場合は、商用電力系統５が給電中、太陽電池１が蓄電池３０を充電ができない状態である。蓄電システム制御回路３２は、停電検出回路３３により商用電力系統５の給電を検出し、接続ライン３８の電圧（太陽電池の出力電圧）が第２所定値（例えば、蓄電池３０の定格電圧）未満である場合にこの状態と判断する。この場合、蓄電システム制御回路３２は、充放電回路３１のブリッジ回路を構成するスイッチ素子を全て遮断し、充放電回路３１を停止する。 The case of (4) will be described. In the case of (4), while the commercial power system 5 is supplying power, the solar battery 1 cannot charge the storage battery 30. The power storage system control circuit 32 detects the power supply of the commercial power system 5 by the power failure detection circuit 33 and the voltage of the connection line 38 (output voltage of the solar battery) is less than a second predetermined value (for example, the rated voltage of the storage battery 30). In some cases, this state is determined. In this case, the power storage system control circuit 32 shuts off all the switch elements constituting the bridge circuit of the charge / discharge circuit 31 and stops the charge / discharge circuit 31.
　また、第１所定値は第２所定値より高い値に設定すると良い。このようにすることで、停電時に給電時と比較して高い閾値の場合に充電を行うことになるため、停電時に負荷６優先の電力供給を行うことができる。 Also, the first predetermined value may be set higher than the second predetermined value. In this way, charging is performed when the threshold value is higher than that during power supply during a power failure, and therefore, power supply with priority to the load 6 can be performed during a power failure.
　また、蓄電システム制御回路３２は、（１）～（４）の場合に行う制御の他に、過充電保護や過放電保護などの保護制御も行うように構成されている。 The power storage system control circuit 32 is configured to perform protection control such as overcharge protection and overdischarge protection in addition to the control performed in the cases (1) to (4).
　以上の第１の実施形態によれば、蓄電システム３は、商用電力系統５へ接続される停電検出回路３３により停電を検出して、系統連系装置２へ蓄電池３０から直流電力を供給するようになる。この様にすることで、蓄電システム３は、停電時に系統連系装置２から停電の信号を受け取ることなく、系統連系装置２に蓄電池３０の出力する直流電力を供給する。そして、系統連系装置２は、この直流電力を受けて交流電力に変換し、負荷６へ電力を供給できるようになる（自立運転できるようになる）。この様に、既存の系統連系装置を利用しても蓄電池と太陽電池とを併用する太陽光発電システムを組み上げることができる。 According to the first embodiment described above, the power storage system 3 detects a power failure by the power failure detection circuit 33 connected to the commercial power system 5 and supplies DC power from the storage battery 30 to the grid interconnection device 2. become. By doing in this way, the electrical storage system 3 supplies the direct current power which the storage battery 30 outputs to the grid connection apparatus 2, without receiving the signal of a power failure from the grid connection apparatus 2 at the time of a power failure. And the grid connection apparatus 2 receives this direct current power, converts it into alternating current power, and can supply electric power to the load 6 (becomes able to carry out a self-supporting operation). In this manner, a solar power generation system that uses a storage battery and a solar battery in combination can be assembled even if an existing grid interconnection device is used.
　また、充放電回路３１は、絶縁トランスを介して蓄電池３０の充電、及び放電を行うようにしているため、充放電回路３１のスイッチ素子を遮断する（停止する）ことで太陽電池１と系統連系装置２を接続するライン７と蓄電池３０とが遮断されるため、商用電力系統５が電力を供給し、太陽電池１が発電していない場合に、蓄電池３０から系統連系装置２への放電を防ぐことができる。 Moreover, since the charging / discharging circuit 31 performs charging and discharging of the storage battery 30 via an insulating transformer, the switching element of the charging / discharging circuit 31 is shut off (stopped) so as to be connected to the solar battery 1. Since the line 7 connecting the system device 2 and the storage battery 30 are disconnected, the commercial power system 5 supplies power, and the solar battery 1 is not generating power, the discharge from the storage battery 30 to the grid interconnection device 2 Can be prevented.
　また、充放電回路３１は、商用電力系統５が停電している場合にのみ蓄電池３０を放電する。これにより、商用電力系統５が給電している場合は充電しか行わないため、商用電力系統５が停電した場合に、ほぼ１００％の充電容量にて蓄電池３０を利用することができる。 In addition, the charge / discharge circuit 31 discharges the storage battery 30 only when the commercial power system 5 has a power failure. As a result, only charging is performed when the commercial power system 5 is feeding, so that the storage battery 30 can be used with a charging capacity of almost 100% when the commercial power system 5 fails.
　また、停電検出回路３３を筺体３５ａと別体の筺体３５ｂに収容し、信号線３６にて筺体３５ａ内の蓄電システム制御回路３２と停電検出回路とを接続している。これにより、商用電力系統５の電力を分配する分電盤付近に停電検出回路３３を配置でき、商用電力系統５と停電検出回路３３を接続するラインを短くすることができる。このラインが短くなることで、このラインの断線を防ぎ、断線による蓄電池３０の誤作動を防ぐことができる。 Further, the power failure detection circuit 33 is accommodated in a housing 35b separate from the housing 35a, and the power storage system control circuit 32 and the power failure detection circuit in the housing 35a are connected by a signal line 36. Thereby, the power failure detection circuit 33 can be arrange | positioned near the distribution board which distributes the electric power of the commercial power system 5, and the line which connects the commercial power system 5 and the power failure detection circuit 33 can be shortened. By shortening this line, disconnection of this line can be prevented and malfunction of the storage battery 30 due to disconnection can be prevented.
　また、ＡＣリレーの接片が閉じた場合に停電を検出する構成になっているため、信号線３６が断線したとしても停電と判断されず、蓄電池３０が放電することがない。これにより、蓄電池３０の予期せぬ放電（商用電力系統５が給電時の放電）を防ぐことができる。　 Further, since the power failure is detected when the AC relay contact piece is closed, even if the signal line 36 is disconnected, it is not determined that the power failure occurs, and the storage battery 30 is not discharged. Thereby, the unexpected discharge (discharge when the commercial power system 5 is feeding) of the storage battery 30 can be prevented. *
（第２の実施形態）
　第１の実施形態において、充放電回路３１に絶縁トランスを介して蓄電池３０の充電、及び放電を行うものを採用したが、第２の実施形態では、充放電回路に非絶縁型の双方向チョッパを採用する。また、第２の実施形態では、系統連系装置２の自立運転用リレー２２と商用電力系統５とに接続され、商用電力系統５の停電・給電に応じて、停電時に系統連系装置２の電力を、給電時に商用電力系統５の電力を負荷６へ出力する切替回路を蓄電システム３に設ける。その他の構成については、第１の実施形態と同様の構成を用いることができるため説明を省略する。 (Second Embodiment)
In the first embodiment, the charging / discharging circuit 31 that charges and discharges the storage battery 30 via an insulating transformer is adopted. However, in the second embodiment, a non-insulating bidirectional chopper is used for the charging / discharging circuit. Is adopted. Moreover, in 2nd Embodiment, it connects with the relay 22 for independent operation of the grid connection apparatus 2, and the commercial power grid 5, and according to the power failure and electric power feeding of the commercial power grid 5, the grid connection apparatus 2 of the grid connection apparatus 2 is The power storage system 3 is provided with a switching circuit that outputs power from the commercial power grid 5 to the load 6 during power feeding. About another structure, since the structure similar to 1st Embodiment can be used, description is abbreviate | omitted.
　図５は、第２の実施形態における太陽光発電システム１００を示す構成図である。図６は、第２の実施形態における蓄電システム３の変形例を示す構成図である。図７は、第２の実施形態における蓄電システム３の斜視図である。 FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing the solar power generation system 100 according to the second embodiment. FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram illustrating a modified example of the power storage system 3 in the second embodiment. FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the power storage system 3 in the second embodiment.
　図６に示すように、充放電回路３１ｄは、ダイオードが逆並列接続された複数（２つ）のスイッチ素子１３１、１３２、リアクトル１３３、開閉器１３４、及びダイオード１３５を有している。スイッチ素子１３１を所定のデューティ比にて開閉することで、太陽電池１からの出力電圧が蓄電池３０の定格出力より少し高い電圧に降圧され、蓄電池３０を充電することができる。第１の実施形態と同様に、充電は、蓄電池３０の電圧が所定の電圧値までは定電流充電を行い、蓄電池３０の電圧が所定の電圧値よりも大きい場合は、定電圧充電を行う。 As shown in FIG. 6, the charge / discharge circuit 31 d includes a plurality (two) of switch elements 131 and 132, a reactor 133, a switch 134, and a diode 135 in which diodes are connected in reverse parallel. By opening and closing the switch element 131 at a predetermined duty ratio, the output voltage from the solar cell 1 is stepped down to a voltage slightly higher than the rated output of the storage battery 30, and the storage battery 30 can be charged. As in the first embodiment, the charging is constant current charging until the voltage of the storage battery 30 reaches a predetermined voltage value, and constant voltage charging is performed when the voltage of the storage battery 30 is greater than the predetermined voltage value.
　蓄電池３０を放電する場合は、スイッチ素子１３２を所定のデューティ比にて開閉する。これにより、蓄電池３０の出力電圧が太陽電池１の動作電圧程度に昇圧され、系統連系装置２に供給される。 When discharging the storage battery 30, the switch element 132 is opened and closed with a predetermined duty ratio. Thereby, the output voltage of the storage battery 30 is boosted to about the operating voltage of the solar battery 1 and supplied to the grid interconnection device 2.
　開閉器１３４とダイオード１３５は並列に接続されており、ダイオード１３５は、充放電回路３１から蓄電池３０へ向かう電流を流すように接続されている。開閉器１３４とダイオード１３５の並列回路は、充放電回路３１と蓄電池３０との間に設けられる（或いは、充放電回路３１とライン７との間に設けても良い）。非絶縁型の双方向チョッパを利用する場合、太陽電池１が発電していない場合は、充放電回路３１のスイッチ素子を遮断していても、スイッチ素子１３１に逆並列に接続されているダイオードを通して系統連系装置２へ蓄電池３０が放電されてしまう。 The switch 134 and the diode 135 are connected in parallel, and the diode 135 is connected to flow a current from the charge / discharge circuit 31 to the storage battery 30. A parallel circuit of the switch 134 and the diode 135 is provided between the charge / discharge circuit 31 and the storage battery 30 (or may be provided between the charge / discharge circuit 31 and the line 7). When a non-insulated bidirectional chopper is used, when the solar cell 1 is not generating power, even though the switch element of the charge / discharge circuit 31 is shut off, a diode connected in reverse parallel to the switch element 131 is used. The storage battery 30 is discharged to the grid interconnection device 2.
　開閉器１３４とダイオード１３５の並列回路はこれを防ぐためのものであり、商用電力系統５が給電している場合に開閉器１３４を開き、停電の際にはこの開閉器１３４を閉じて使用する。これにより、商用電力系統５が給電しており太陽電池１が発電していない場合に、開閉器１３４が開き、蓄電池３０から系統連系装置２への放電を防ぐことができる。停電の場合は蓄電池３０から系統連系装置２へ電力を供給するため、開閉器１３４は閉じられる。 The parallel circuit of the switch 134 and the diode 135 is for preventing this, and the switch 134 is opened when the commercial power system 5 is supplying power, and the switch 134 is closed and used in the event of a power failure. . Thereby, when the commercial power system 5 is supplying power and the solar cell 1 is not generating power, the switch 134 is opened, and discharge from the storage battery 30 to the grid interconnection device 2 can be prevented. In the case of a power failure, the switch 134 is closed to supply power from the storage battery 30 to the grid interconnection device 2.
　蓄電システム３は、図５、図６に示すように、切替回路３４を備える。切替回路３４は、２接点を切り替えるスイッチ回路が利用される。切替回路３４は、停電検出回路３３と一緒に図７に示す筺体３５ｂに収容される。切替回路３４は、系統連系装置２の自立運転用リレー２２と、商用電力系統５と、負荷６に接続され、自立運転用リレー２２及び負荷６の接続と、商用電力系統５及び負荷６の接続とを切り替える。 The power storage system 3 includes a switching circuit 34 as shown in FIGS. As the switching circuit 34, a switch circuit that switches between two contacts is used. The switching circuit 34 is housed in the housing 35b shown in FIG. 7 together with the power failure detection circuit 33. The switching circuit 34 is connected to the autonomous operation relay 22 of the grid interconnection device 2, the commercial power system 5, and the load 6. The connection of the autonomous operation relay 22 and the load 6, and the commercial power system 5 and the load 6 are connected. Switch between connections.
　切替回路３４が、自立運転用リレー２２と負荷６との接続を行うと、系統連系装置２が自立運転する際の出力電力を負荷へ供給可能になる。また、切替回路３４が、商用電力系統５と負荷６との接続を行うと、商用電力系統５の電力を負荷へ供給可能になる。 When the switching circuit 34 connects the autonomous operation relay 22 and the load 6, output power when the grid interconnection device 2 performs autonomous operation can be supplied to the load. Further, when the switching circuit 34 connects the commercial power system 5 and the load 6, the power of the commercial power system 5 can be supplied to the load.
　自立運転用リレー２２と切替回路３４との接続には接続ライン３９が用いられる。また、商用電力系統５と切替回路３４との接続は、分電盤からの配線により行う。切替回路３４の負荷との接続は、筺体３５ｂに設けられるコンセント３７を利用することで、家庭用負荷を容易に接続できるようになっている。 A connection line 39 is used for connection between the autonomous operation relay 22 and the switching circuit 34. The commercial power system 5 and the switching circuit 34 are connected by wiring from the distribution board. The switching circuit 34 is connected to the load by using an outlet 37 provided in the housing 35b so that a household load can be easily connected.
　蓄電システム制御回路３２は、第１の実施形態で述べた制御に加えて、切替回路３４の接続の切り替えを行う。蓄電システム制御回路３２は、停電を検出した場合に、自立運転用リレー２２と負荷６との接続を行い、停電を検出していない（商用電力系統５が給電している）場合には、商用電力系統５と負荷６との接続を行う。これにより、商用電力系統５の停電時には、系統連系装置が自立運転する電力を負荷６へ供給し、商用電力系統５の給電時には、商用電力系統５の供給する電力を負荷６へ供給する。 The power storage system control circuit 32 switches the connection of the switching circuit 34 in addition to the control described in the first embodiment. When the power storage system control circuit 32 detects a power failure, the power storage system control circuit 32 connects the autonomous operation relay 22 and the load 6, and when the power failure is not detected (the commercial power system 5 is supplying power) The power system 5 and the load 6 are connected. Thereby, at the time of a power failure of the commercial power system 5, the power that the grid interconnection device operates independently is supplied to the load 6, and the power supplied from the commercial power system 5 is supplied to the load 6 when the commercial power system 5 is fed.
　また、この様な切替回路３４を有する蓄電システム３を、連系運転と自立運転の自動切り替えが可能な系統連系装置と接続すると、停電したとしても負荷６へ電力を供給し続けることができるようになる（ＵＰＳのような利用ができる）。 Further, when the power storage system 3 having such a switching circuit 34 is connected to a grid interconnection device capable of automatic switching between interconnection operation and independent operation, it is possible to continue supplying power to the load 6 even if a power failure occurs. (It can be used like a UPS).
（第３の実施形態）
　第１の実施形態、及び第２の実施形態では、通常の蓄電池の放電、及び充電の動作について説明したが、蓄電システム３は通常動作に加えて、蓄電システム、或いは蓄電池の保護動作を行うことができる。本実施形態では蓄電システム３の保護動作について述べる。 (Third embodiment)
In the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the operation of discharging and charging the normal storage battery has been described. However, the power storage system 3 performs the protection operation of the power storage system or the storage battery in addition to the normal operation. Can do. In the present embodiment, the protection operation of the power storage system 3 will be described.
　図８は、第３の実施形態における太陽光発電システム１００を示す構成図である。充放電回路３１は、絶縁トランス３１ｃの太陽電池側には太陽電池側回路３１ａ、を有している。そして、太陽電池側回路３１ａは、周期的に導通／遮断を繰り返す（ＰＷＭ駆動する）ことにより充電を行う第１スイッチ素子４１を有している。また、充放電回路３１は、太陽電池の蓄電池側には、蓄電池側回路３１ｂを有している。そして、蓄電池側回路３１ｂは、周期的に導通／遮断を繰り返す（ＰＷＭ駆動する）ことにより放電を行う第２スイッチ素子４２を有している。 FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram showing the solar power generation system 100 according to the third embodiment. The charge / discharge circuit 31 has a solar cell side circuit 31a on the solar cell side of the insulating transformer 31c. And the solar cell side circuit 31a has the 1st switch element 41 which charges by repeating conduction | electrical_connection / interruption | blocking periodically (PWM drive). Moreover, the charging / discharging circuit 31 has the storage battery side circuit 31b in the storage battery side of a solar cell. And the storage battery side circuit 31b has the 2nd switch element 42 which discharges by repeating conduction | electrical_connection / interruption | blocking periodically (PWM drive).
　また、太陽電池側回路３１ａは、第１スイッチ素子４１をバイパスする様に（例えば、第１スイッチ素子４１と並列に）接続され、第１スイッチ素子４１と逆方向の電流を流す第１ダイオード４４を有している。また、蓄電池側回路３１ｂは、第２スイッチ素子４２をバイパスする様に（例えば、第２スイッチ素子４２と並列に）接続され、第２スイッチ素子４２と逆方向の電流を流す第２ダイオード４５を有している。 The solar cell side circuit 31 a is connected so as to bypass the first switch element 41 (for example, in parallel with the first switch element 41), and a first diode 44 that flows a current in a direction opposite to that of the first switch element 41. have. Further, the storage battery side circuit 31b is connected so as to bypass the second switch element 42 (for example, in parallel with the second switch element 42), and includes a second diode 45 that flows a current in the direction opposite to that of the second switch element 42. Have.
　蓄電システム３はさらに、充放電回路３１と蓄電池３０との間に開閉器１３４と第３ダイオード１３５を並列に接続した並列回路１３０を備えている。これにより、蓄電システム３は、第１スイッチ素子４１をＰＷＭ駆動することにより、第１スイッチ素子４１、第２ダイオード４５、及び第３ダイオード１３５を電流が流れて蓄電池３０が充電する。また、蓄電システム３は、開閉器１３４を開放し、第２スイッチ素子４１をＰＷＭ駆動することにより、開閉器１３４、第２スイッチ素子４２、及び第１ダイオード４４、を電流が流れて蓄電池３０が放電する。即ち、充電時には開閉器を迂回して充電し、放電時には開閉器を通して放電する。 The power storage system 3 further includes a parallel circuit 130 in which a switch 134 and a third diode 135 are connected in parallel between the charge / discharge circuit 31 and the storage battery 30. Thus, in the power storage system 3, the first switch element 41 is PWM-driven, whereby a current flows through the first switch element 41, the second diode 45, and the third diode 135, and the storage battery 30 is charged. Further, the storage system 3 opens the switch 134 and PWM-drives the second switch element 41, whereby a current flows through the switch 134, the second switch element 42, and the first diode 44, so that the storage battery 30 Discharge. That is, charging is performed by bypassing the switch during charging, and discharging is performed through the switch during discharging.
　また、蓄電システム３は、手動スイッチ４０をライン７と充放電回路３１とをつなぐ電力線に備えられ、蓄電システム３を利用する際には、手動スイッチ４０を閉じて利用する。また、蓄電システム３は、地絡を検知するＺＣＴなどの地絡検知センサＣＴ１、ＣＴ４、電流センサＣＴ２、ＣＴ３、電圧センサＶＳ１、ＶＳ２を有している。地絡検知センサＣＴ１は、ライン７と充放電回路３１との間に配置され、この間の地絡を検出する。電流センサＣＴ２は、第３ダイオード１３５のカソード側（蓄電池側）に配置され、蓄電池への充電電流を検出する。電流センサＣＴ３は、開閉器１３４の蓄電池側に配置され、蓄電池からの放電電流を検出する。地絡検知センサＣＴ４は、並列回路１３０と蓄電池３０との間に配置され、この間の地絡を検出する。電圧センサＶＳ１は充放電回路３１の太陽電池１側に配置され、太陽電池１の電圧を検出する。電圧センサＶＳ２は、充放電回路３１の蓄電池３０側に接続され、蓄電池３０の電圧を検出する。 In addition, the power storage system 3 is provided with a manual switch 40 on a power line connecting the line 7 and the charge / discharge circuit 31, and when the power storage system 3 is used, the manual switch 40 is closed and used. The power storage system 3 includes ground fault detection sensors CT1 and CT4 such as ZCT for detecting a ground fault, current sensors CT2 and CT3, and voltage sensors VS1 and VS2. Ground fault detection sensor CT1 is arrange | positioned between the line 7 and the charging / discharging circuit 31, and detects the ground fault in the meantime. The current sensor CT2 is disposed on the cathode side (storage battery side) of the third diode 135, and detects the charging current to the storage battery. The current sensor CT3 is disposed on the storage battery side of the switch 134 and detects a discharge current from the storage battery. The ground fault detection sensor CT4 is disposed between the parallel circuit 130 and the storage battery 30, and detects a ground fault therebetween. The voltage sensor VS1 is disposed on the solar cell 1 side of the charge / discharge circuit 31 and detects the voltage of the solar cell 1. The voltage sensor VS <b> 2 is connected to the storage battery 30 side of the charge / discharge circuit 31 and detects the voltage of the storage battery 30.
　これらのセンサＣＴ１～ＣＴ４、電圧センサＶＳ１、ＶＳ２の出力は、蓄電システム制御回路３２に入力され、蓄電システム３が保護動作を行う際に利用される。 The outputs of these sensors CT1 to CT4 and voltage sensors VS1 and VS2 are input to the power storage system control circuit 32 and used when the power storage system 3 performs a protection operation.
　蓄電システム制御回路３２は、第１スイッチ素子４１を駆動するための充電駆動回路６１、第２スイッチ素子４２を駆動するための放電駆動回路６２、開閉器１３４を駆動するための開閉器駆動回路を有している。 The power storage system control circuit 32 includes a charge drive circuit 61 for driving the first switch element 41, a discharge drive circuit 62 for driving the second switch element 42, and a switch drive circuit for driving the switch 134. Have.
　充電駆動回路６１は、後述するゲートブロック信号ＧＢ１と、充電制御信号Ｓ１とを入力し、第１スイッチ素子４１を駆動する。充電制御信号Ｓ１は、通常動作において蓄電池３０を充電するために第１スイッチ素子４１を駆動するための信号であり、蓄電池３０を定電流充電や定電圧充電を行う際に充電電流や充電電圧をフィードバックして作成されるＰＷＭ信号を利用する。また、ゲートブロック信号ＧＢ１として「Ｈｉ」が入力されている場合は、充電制御信号Ｓ１にどのような信号が入力されたとしても第１スイッチ素子４１を遮断し（所謂、ゲートブロック）、第１スイッチ素子のＯＮ動作を禁止する（遮断状態に保つ）。 The charge drive circuit 61 inputs a gate block signal GB1 and a charge control signal S1, which will be described later, and drives the first switch element 41. The charge control signal S1 is a signal for driving the first switch element 41 in order to charge the storage battery 30 in normal operation. When the storage battery 30 is subjected to constant current charging or constant voltage charging, the charging current or charging voltage is set. A PWM signal created by feedback is used. When “Hi” is input as the gate block signal GB1, the first switch element 41 is cut off (so-called gate block) regardless of what signal is input to the charge control signal S1. The switch element is prohibited from being turned on (maintained in a cut-off state).
　放電駆動回路６２は、放電制御信号Ｓ２を入力し、第２スイッチ素子４２を駆動する。放電制御信号Ｓ２は、通常動作において蓄電池３０を放電するために第２スイッチ素子４２を駆動するための信号であり、蓄電池３０を放電する際に放電電流や充電電圧をフィードバックして作成されるＰＷＭ信号を利用する。また、ゲートブロック信号ＧＢ２として「Ｈｉ」が入力されている場合は、放電制御信号Ｓ２の伝達が遮断され第２スイッチ素子４２を遮断し（所謂、ゲートブロック）、第１スイッチ素子の常にＯＦＦにする。 The discharge drive circuit 62 receives the discharge control signal S2 and drives the second switch element 42. The discharge control signal S2 is a signal for driving the second switch element 42 to discharge the storage battery 30 in a normal operation, and is generated by feeding back a discharge current and a charge voltage when discharging the storage battery 30. Use signals. When “Hi” is input as the gate block signal GB2, the transmission of the discharge control signal S2 is cut off, the second switch element 42 is cut off (so-called gate block), and the first switch element is always turned off. To do.
　また、蓄電システム制御回路３２は、ＰＶ不足電圧検出部５１、ＰＶ過電圧検出部５２、太陽電池地絡検出部５３を有している。また、蓄電システム制御回路３２は、蓄電システム３の充放電の異常を検出する放電過電流検出部５４を有している。また蓄電システム制御回路３２は、蓄電池３０の異常を検出する蓄電池過充電検出部５６、蓄電池過放電検出部５７、蓄電池地絡検出部５８を有している。 The power storage system control circuit 32 includes a PV undervoltage detection unit 51, a PV overvoltage detection unit 52, and a solar cell ground fault detection unit 53. In addition, the power storage system control circuit 32 includes a discharge overcurrent detection unit 54 that detects charging / discharging abnormality of the power storage system 3. The power storage system control circuit 32 includes a storage battery overcharge detection unit 56 that detects an abnormality in the storage battery 30, a storage battery overdischarge detection unit 57, and a storage battery ground fault detection unit 58.
　ＰＶ不足電圧検出部５１は、電圧センサＶＳ１により太陽電池１の電圧を検出し、検出した電圧に応じてＰＶ不足電圧信号ＳＡ１を出力する。具体的には、太陽電池１の電圧が所定の電圧値よりも低い場合に、太陽電池１の電圧が低く蓄電池３０の充電が不可能（異常）と判定し、ＰＶ不足電圧信号ＳＡ１として「Ｈｉ」を出力する。また、太陽電池１の電圧が所定の電圧値よりも高い場合に、太陽電池１の電圧が高く蓄電池３０の充電が可能（正常）と判定し、ＰＶ不足電圧信号ＳＡ１として「Ｌｏｗ」を出力する。ここで所定の電圧値は、充放電回路３１により蓄電池３０充電を行うことができないと判断できる電圧値が設定される。 The PV undervoltage detection unit 51 detects the voltage of the solar cell 1 with the voltage sensor VS1, and outputs a PV undervoltage signal SA1 according to the detected voltage. Specifically, when the voltage of the solar cell 1 is lower than a predetermined voltage value, it is determined that the voltage of the solar cell 1 is low and the storage battery 30 cannot be charged (abnormal), and the PV undervoltage signal SA1 is “Hi”. Is output. Further, when the voltage of the solar cell 1 is higher than a predetermined voltage value, it is determined that the voltage of the solar cell 1 is high and the storage battery 30 can be charged (normal), and “Low” is output as the PV undervoltage signal SA1. . Here, the predetermined voltage value is set such that the charge / discharge circuit 31 can determine that the storage battery 30 cannot be charged.
　ＰＶ過電圧検出部５１は、電圧センサＶＳ１により太陽電池１の電圧を検出し、検出した電圧に応じてＰＶ不足電圧信号ＳＡ１を出力する。具体的には、太陽電池１の電圧が所定の電圧値よりも高い場合に、太陽電池１の異常を検出し、ＰＶ過電圧信号ＳＡ２として「Ｈｉ」を出力する。また、太陽電池１の電圧が所定の電圧値よりも低い場合に、太陽電池１が正常と判定し、ＰＶ不足電圧信号ＳＡ１として「Ｌｏｗ」を出力する。ここで、所定の電圧値は、太陽電池１が通常動作を行う電圧（例えば、定格電圧や規定されている最大電圧）よりも高い電圧値が設定される。 The PV overvoltage detection unit 51 detects the voltage of the solar cell 1 with the voltage sensor VS1, and outputs a PV undervoltage signal SA1 according to the detected voltage. Specifically, when the voltage of the solar cell 1 is higher than a predetermined voltage value, an abnormality of the solar cell 1 is detected, and “Hi” is output as the PV overvoltage signal SA2. When the voltage of the solar cell 1 is lower than a predetermined voltage value, the solar cell 1 is determined to be normal, and “Low” is output as the PV undervoltage signal SA1. Here, as the predetermined voltage value, a voltage value higher than a voltage (for example, a rated voltage or a prescribed maximum voltage) at which the solar cell 1 performs a normal operation is set.
　太陽電池地絡検出部５３は、地絡検知センサＣＴ１により充放電回路３１の太陽電池１側に流れる電流を検出し、検出した電流に応じて太陽電池地絡信号ＳＡ３を出力する。具体的には、地絡検知センサＣＴ１により検出される電流が所定の電流値よりも高い場合に、太陽電池の地絡（異常）を検出し、太陽電池地絡信号ＳＡ３として「Ｈｉ」を出力する。また、地絡検知センサＣＴ１により検出される電流が所定の電流値よりも低い場合に、太陽電池１に地絡なし（正常）と判定し、太陽電池地絡信号ＳＡ３として「Ｌｏｗ」を出力する。ここで、所定の電流値は、充放電回路３１により正常に充放電を行う際に流れることのない電流値が設定される。 The solar cell ground fault detector 53 detects the current flowing to the solar cell 1 side of the charge / discharge circuit 31 by the ground fault detection sensor CT1, and outputs a solar cell ground fault signal SA3 according to the detected current. Specifically, when the current detected by the ground fault detection sensor CT1 is higher than a predetermined current value, a ground fault (abnormality) of the solar battery is detected, and “Hi” is output as the solar battery ground fault signal SA3. To do. Further, when the current detected by the ground fault detection sensor CT1 is lower than a predetermined current value, it is determined that the solar battery 1 has no ground fault (normal), and “Low” is output as the solar battery ground fault signal SA3. . Here, the predetermined current value is set to a current value that does not flow when charging / discharging is normally performed by the charging / discharging circuit 31.
　放電過電流検出部５４は、電流センサＣＴ３により蓄電池３０が放電する電流を検出し、検出した電流に応じて放電過電流信号ＳＡ４を出力する。具体的には、電流センサＣＴ３により検出される電流が所定の電流値よりも高い場合に、蓄電池３０から過放電されている（異常）と検出し、放電過電流信号ＳＡ４として「Ｈｉ」を出力する。また、電流センサＣＴ３により検出される電流が所定の電流値よりも低い場合に、正常と検出し、放電過電流信号ＳＡ４として「Ｌｏｗ」を出力する。ここで、所定の電流値は、充放電回路３１により、正常に放電を行う際に流れる電流（例えば、定格放電電流や最大放電電流）よりも高い電流値が設定される。 The discharge overcurrent detection unit 54 detects a current discharged from the storage battery 30 by the current sensor CT3, and outputs a discharge overcurrent signal SA4 according to the detected current. Specifically, when the current detected by the current sensor CT3 is higher than a predetermined current value, it is detected that the battery 30 is overdischarged (abnormal), and “Hi” is output as the discharge overcurrent signal SA4. To do. When the current detected by the current sensor CT3 is lower than a predetermined current value, it is detected as normal and “Low” is output as the discharge overcurrent signal SA4. Here, the predetermined current value is set to a current value higher than a current (for example, a rated discharge current or a maximum discharge current) that flows during normal discharge by the charge / discharge circuit 31.
　充電過電流検出部５５は、電流センサＣＴ２により蓄電池３０に充電する電流を検出し、検出した電流に応じて充電過電流信号ＳＡ５を出力する。具体的には、電流センサＣＴ２により検出される電流が所定の電流値よりも高い場合に、蓄電池３０に過充電されている（異常）と検出し、充電過電流信号ＳＡ５として「Ｈｉ」を出力する。また、電流センサＣＴ２により検出される電流が所定の電流値よりも低い場合に、正常と検出し、充電過電流信号ＳＡ５として「Ｌｏｗ」を出力する。ここで、所定の電流値は、充放電回路３１により、正常に充電を行う際に流れる電流（例えば、定格充電電流や最大充電電流）よりも高い電流値が設定される。 The charging overcurrent detection unit 55 detects the current charged in the storage battery 30 by the current sensor CT2, and outputs the charging overcurrent signal SA5 according to the detected current. Specifically, when the current detected by the current sensor CT2 is higher than a predetermined current value, it is detected that the storage battery 30 is overcharged (abnormal), and “Hi” is output as the charge overcurrent signal SA5. To do. When the current detected by the current sensor CT2 is lower than a predetermined current value, it is detected as normal and “Low” is output as the charge overcurrent signal SA5. Here, as the predetermined current value, a current value higher than a current (for example, a rated charge current or a maximum charge current) that flows when charging is normally performed by the charge / discharge circuit 31 is set.
　蓄電池過充電検出部５６は、電圧センサＶＳ２により蓄電池３０の電圧を検出し、検出した電圧に応じて蓄電池過充電信号ＳＡ６を出力する。具体的には、電圧センサＶＳ２により検出される電圧が所定の電圧値よりも高い場合に、蓄電池３０が過充電であることを検出し、蓄電池過充電検出信号ＳＡ６として「Ｈｉ」を出力する。また、電圧センサＶＳ２により検出される電圧が所定の電圧値よりも低い場合に、蓄電池３０が正常であることを検出し、蓄電池過充電検出信号ＳＡ６として「Ｌｏｗ」を出力する。ここで所定の電圧値について説明する。蓄電池３０の電圧（開放電圧）は、充電容量に応じて（例えば、比例して）、高ければ高く、低ければ低くなる。蓄電池３０が動作する充電容量を定めることにより、蓄電池の動作電圧が規定され、この動作電圧を超えると過充電と判断できる。したがって、所定の電圧値には、この動作電圧の上限を設定すると良い。 The storage battery overcharge detection unit 56 detects the voltage of the storage battery 30 with the voltage sensor VS2, and outputs a storage battery overcharge signal SA6 according to the detected voltage. Specifically, when the voltage detected by voltage sensor VS2 is higher than a predetermined voltage value, it is detected that storage battery 30 is overcharged, and “Hi” is output as storage battery overcharge detection signal SA6. Further, when the voltage detected by the voltage sensor VS2 is lower than a predetermined voltage value, it is detected that the storage battery 30 is normal, and “Low” is output as the storage battery overcharge detection signal SA6. Here, the predetermined voltage value will be described. The voltage (open voltage) of the storage battery 30 is high if it is high, and low if it is low, depending on the charge capacity (for example, in proportion). By determining the charging capacity at which the storage battery 30 operates, the operating voltage of the storage battery is defined, and when this operating voltage is exceeded, it can be determined that the battery is overcharged. Therefore, the upper limit of the operating voltage is preferably set to the predetermined voltage value.
　蓄電池過放電検出部５７は、電圧センサＶＳ２により蓄電池３０の電圧を検出し、検出した電圧に応じて蓄電池過放電信号ＳＡ７を出力する。具体的には、電圧センサＶＳ２により検出される電圧が所定の電圧値よりも低い場合に、蓄電池３０が過放電であることを検出し、蓄電池過放電検出信号ＳＡ７として「Ｈｉ」を出力する。また、電圧センサＶＳ２により検出される電圧が所定の電圧値よりも高い場合に、蓄電池３０が正常であることを検出し、蓄電池過放電検出信号ＳＡ７として「Ｌｏｗ」を出力する。ここで所定の電圧値は、蓄電池３０の動作電圧の下限を設定すると良い。 The storage battery overdischarge detection unit 57 detects the voltage of the storage battery 30 by the voltage sensor VS2, and outputs a storage battery overdischarge signal SA7 according to the detected voltage. Specifically, when the voltage detected by the voltage sensor VS2 is lower than a predetermined voltage value, it is detected that the storage battery 30 is overdischarged, and “Hi” is output as the storage battery overdischarge detection signal SA7. Further, when the voltage detected by the voltage sensor VS2 is higher than a predetermined voltage value, it is detected that the storage battery 30 is normal, and “Low” is output as the storage battery overdischarge detection signal SA7. Here, the predetermined voltage value may be set to the lower limit of the operating voltage of the storage battery 30.
　蓄電池地絡検出部５８は、地絡検知センサＣＴ４により充放電回路３１の蓄電池３０側に流れる電流を検出し蓄電池地絡信号ＳＡ８を出力する。具体的には、地絡検知センサＣＴ４により検出される電流が所定の電流値よりも高い場合に、蓄電池３０の地絡（異常）を検出し、蓄電池地絡信号ＳＡ８として「Ｈｉ」を出力する。また、地絡検知センサＣＴ４により検出される電流が所定の電流値よりも低い場合に、蓄電池３０に地絡なし（正常）と判定し、蓄電池地絡信号ＳＡ８として「Ｌｏｗ」を出力する。ここで、所定の電流値は、充放電回路３１により正常に充放電を行う際に流れることのない電流値が設定される。 The storage battery ground fault detection unit 58 detects a current flowing to the storage battery 30 side of the charge / discharge circuit 31 by the ground fault detection sensor CT4 and outputs a storage battery ground fault signal SA8. Specifically, when the current detected by the ground fault detection sensor CT4 is higher than a predetermined current value, the ground fault (abnormality) of the storage battery 30 is detected, and “Hi” is output as the storage battery ground fault signal SA8. . Further, when the current detected by the ground fault detection sensor CT4 is lower than a predetermined current value, it is determined that the storage battery 30 has no ground fault (normal), and “Low” is output as the storage battery ground fault signal SA8. Here, the predetermined current value is set to a current value that does not flow when charging / discharging is normally performed by the charging / discharging circuit 31.
　出力された信号ＳＡ１～ＳＡ８は、ゲートブロック信号生成回路６４に入力され、入力された信号に応じて、ゲートブロック信号ＧＢ１、ＧＢ２を、夫々充電駆動回路６１、放電駆動回路６２に出力する。図９は、ゲートブロック信号生成回路６４の動作パターンを示す図である。 The output signals SA1 to SA8 are input to the gate block signal generation circuit 64, and the gate block signals GB1 and GB2 are output to the charge drive circuit 61 and the discharge drive circuit 62, respectively, according to the input signals. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an operation pattern of the gate block signal generation circuit 64.
　図９に示すように、信号ＳＡ１、ＳＡ２、ＳＡ３、ＳＡ５、ＳＡ６、ＳＡ８の何れかの「Ｈｉ」信号がゲートブロック信号生成回路６４に入力されると、ゲートブロック信号生成回路６４は、「Ｈｉ」のゲートブロック信号ＧＢ１を生成して充電駆動回路６１へ出力する。また、信号ＳＡ２、ＳＡ３、ＳＡ４、ＳＡ７、ＳＡ８の何れかの「Ｈｉ」信号がゲートブロック信号生成回路６４に入力されると、ゲートブロック信号生成回路６４は、「Ｈｉ」のゲートブロック信号ＧＢ２を生成して放電駆動回路６２へ出力する。 As shown in FIG. 9, when any “Hi” signal of the signals SA1, SA2, SA3, SA5, SA6, and SA8 is input to the gate block signal generation circuit 64, the gate block signal generation circuit 64 The gate block signal GB1 is generated and output to the charge driving circuit 61. When any one of the signals SA2, SA3, SA4, SA7, and SA8 is input to the gate block signal generation circuit 64, the gate block signal generation circuit 64 receives the “Hi” gate block signal GB2. It is generated and output to the discharge drive circuit 62.
　これにより、太陽電池１、蓄電池３０、充放電回路３１の異常を判断し、異常が検出された場合に第１スイッチ素子４１、或いは第２スイッチ素子４２をゲートブロックする。具体的には、太陽電池１が電圧不足の場合、太陽電池１が過電圧の場合、太陽電池１が地絡している場合、充電時に流れる電流が過電流である場合、蓄電池が過充電の場合、蓄電池が地絡している場合に第１スイッチ素子４１のゲートブロックを行う。また、太陽電池１が過電圧の場合、太陽電池１が地絡している場合、放電時に流れる電流が過電流である場合、蓄電池３０が過放電の場合、蓄電池３０が地絡している場合に第２スイッチ素子４２のゲートブロックを行う。 Thereby, the abnormality of the solar cell 1, the storage battery 30, and the charge / discharge circuit 31 is judged, and when the abnormality is detected, the first switch element 41 or the second switch element 42 is gate-blocked. Specifically, when the solar cell 1 is insufficient in voltage, when the solar cell 1 is overvoltage, when the solar cell 1 is grounded, when the current flowing during charging is overcurrent, or when the storage battery is overcharged When the storage battery is grounded, the first switch element 41 is gate-blocked. Further, when the solar cell 1 is overvoltage, when the solar cell 1 is grounded, when the current flowing during discharge is overcurrent, when the storage battery 30 is overdischarged, or when the storage battery 30 is grounded The gate block of the second switch element 42 is performed.
　蓄電システム３は、停電検出部５９、放電操作部６０、論理積回路ＡＮ１、否定回路ＮＯ１を有している。 The power storage system 3 includes a power failure detection unit 59, a discharge operation unit 60, a logical product circuit AN1, and a negative circuit NO1.
　停電検出部５９は、停電検出回路３３が商用電力系統５の停電を検出すると、「Ｈｉ」信号を、停電検出回路３３が商用電力系統５の給電を検出すると、「Ｌｏｗ」信号を論理積回路ＡＮ１に出力する。 The power failure detection unit 59 outputs a “Hi” signal when the power failure detection circuit 33 detects a power failure of the commercial power system 5, and a “Low” signal when the power failure detection circuit 33 detects power supply of the commercial power system 5. Output to AN1.
　放電操作部６０では、ユーザーから放電の受付を行う。例えば、蓄電池３０の放電を受け付けるためのボタンを用意しておき、そのボタンが押されることによりユーザーから放電の受付を行うなどすると良い。放電操作部６０に放電の受付があれば、放電操作部６０は、「Ｈｉ」信号を、放電操作部６０に放電の受付がなければ「Ｌｏｗ」信号を論理積回路ＡＮ１へ出力する。 The discharge operation unit 60 accepts discharge from the user. For example, a button for accepting the discharge of the storage battery 30 may be prepared, and the user may accept the discharge when the button is pressed. If the discharge operation unit 60 accepts discharge, the discharge operation unit 60 outputs a “Hi” signal to the AND circuit AN1 if the discharge operation unit 60 does not accept discharge.
　論理積回路ＡＮ１は、放電操作部６０、及び停電検出部５９から「Ｈｉ」信号を入力すると、「Ｈｉ」信号を出力し、どちらかの信号が１つでも「Ｌｏｗ」であれば「Ｌｏｗ」信号を出力する。論理積回路ＡＮ１から出力された信号は、開閉器駆動回路６３と否定回路ＮＯ１に入力される。 The AND circuit AN1 outputs a “Hi” signal when the “Hi” signal is input from the discharge operation unit 60 and the power failure detection unit 59, and “Low” if any one of the signals is “Low”. Output a signal. The signal output from the AND circuit AN1 is input to the switch drive circuit 63 and the negative circuit NO1.
　開閉器駆動回路６３は、「Ｈｉ」信号が入力されると、開閉器１３４を閉じ、「Ｌｏｗ」信号が入力されると開閉器１３４を開く。 The switch driving circuit 63 closes the switch 134 when the “Hi” signal is input, and opens the switch 134 when the “Low” signal is input.
　否定回路ＮＯ１では、入力された信号を反転して放電禁止信号ＳＡ９をゲートブロック信号生成回路６４へ出力する。即ち、否定回路ＮＯ１に「Ｈｉ」信号が入力されると、放電禁止信号として「Ｌｏｗ」信号を出力し、「Ｌｏｗ」信号が入力されると、放電禁止信号として「Ｈｉ」信号を出力する。 In the negative circuit NO1, the input signal is inverted and the discharge inhibition signal SA9 is output to the gate block signal generation circuit 64. That is, when the “Hi” signal is input to the negative circuit NO1, the “Low” signal is output as the discharge inhibition signal, and when the “Low” signal is input, the “Hi” signal is output as the discharge inhibition signal.
　ゲートブロック信号生成回路６４は、「Ｈｉ」の放電禁止信号が入力されると、「Ｈｉ」のゲートブロック信号ＧＢ２を生成し、放電駆動回路６２へ出力する。 When the “Hi” discharge inhibition signal is input, the gate block signal generation circuit 64 generates a “Hi” gate block signal GB 2 and outputs the gate block signal GB 2 to the discharge drive circuit 62.
　これにより、放電操作部６０に放電の受付のない場合、或いは、停電検出回路３３により商用電力系統５の給電を検出した場合に、第２スイッチ素子４２をゲートブロックすると共に、開閉器１３４を開いて充放電回路３１による放電を２重に禁止している。逆に、放電操作部６０に放電の受付があり、且つ、停電検出回路３３により商用電力系統５の停電を検出した場合に、第２スイッチ素子４２を、ゲートブロックを解除すると共に、開閉器１３４が閉じて充放電回路３１による放電が可能になる。 As a result, when the discharge operation unit 60 does not accept discharge or when the power failure detection circuit 33 detects feeding of the commercial power system 5, the second switch element 42 is gate-blocked and the switch 134 is opened. Thus, the discharge by the charge / discharge circuit 31 is prohibited twice. On the contrary, when the discharge operation unit 60 accepts the discharge and the power failure detection circuit 33 detects the power failure of the commercial power system 5, the second switch element 42 is released from the gate block and the switch 134. Is closed and discharging by the charge / discharge circuit 31 becomes possible.
　以上、第３の実施形態によれば、太陽電池１、蓄電池３０、或いは充放電回路３１に異常がある場合は、前記第１スイッチ素子、或いは前記第２スイッチ素子をゲートブロックするため、異常な状態により充放電回路３１の充電動作、放電動作が禁止され、蓄電システム３、或いは蓄電池３０の保護を行うことができる。 As described above, according to the third embodiment, when there is an abnormality in the solar cell 1, the storage battery 30, or the charge / discharge circuit 31, the first switch element or the second switch element is gate-blocked. The charging / discharging operation of the charging / discharging circuit 31 is prohibited depending on the state, and the storage system 3 or the storage battery 30 can be protected.
　また、蓄電池３０の放電は、充放電回路３１のゲートブロックと、開閉器１３４によりソフトとハードの面からブロックするため、誤って放電されることが無く、自立運転を行う際の、蓄電池３０の充電容量を十分に確保することができる。 Moreover, since the discharge of the storage battery 30 is blocked from the soft and hard surfaces by the gate block of the charging / discharging circuit 31 and the switch 134, the discharge of the storage battery 30 is not accidentally discharged and the self-supporting operation of the storage battery 30 is performed. A sufficient charging capacity can be secured.
　また、充電時には開閉器を迂回して充電し、放電時には開閉器を通して放電する。このため、商用電力系統５が停電のときも、給電のときも行う充電動作について、開閉器１３４を動作させる必要がなく、ソフトによる動作のみで容易に実行することができる。 In addition, the battery is charged by bypassing the switch when charging, and discharged through the switch when discharging. For this reason, it is not necessary to operate the switch 134 about the charging operation performed even when the commercial power system 5 is out of power or during power feeding, and can be easily executed only by the operation by software.
　第３の実施形態では、ゲートブロックにより第１スイッチ素子４１、及び第２スイッチ素子４２を遮断状態に保っていたが、制御信号Ｓ１、Ｓ２の出力を絞って（例えば、ゼロにして）遮断状態に保っても良い。 In the third embodiment, the first switch element 41 and the second switch element 42 are kept in the cutoff state by the gate block. However, the output of the control signals S1 and S2 is reduced (for example, set to zero) so as to be in the cutoff state. It may be kept.
　第３の実施形態では、簡単のため充放電回路３１を図８のように表現したが、第１の実施形態における充放電回路３１においては、第１スイッチ素子４１は、ブリッジ回路３１ａのスイッチ素子が夫々第１スイッチ素子４１に相当し、第２のスイッチ素子４２は、ブリッジ回路３１ｂのスイッチ素子が夫々第２スイッチ素子４２に相当し、第１ダイオードは、ブリッジ回路３１ａのスイッチ素子に夫々逆並列に設けられるダイオードに相当し、第２ダイオードは、ブリッジ回路３１ｂのスイッチ素子に夫々逆並列に設けられるダイオードに相当すると言える。 In the third embodiment, the charge / discharge circuit 31 is expressed as shown in FIG. 8 for simplicity. However, in the charge / discharge circuit 31 in the first embodiment, the first switch element 41 is a switch element of the bridge circuit 31a. Corresponds to the first switch element 41, the second switch element 42 corresponds to the switch element of the bridge circuit 31b, respectively, and the first diode corresponds to the switch element of the bridge circuit 31a. It can be said that it corresponds to a diode provided in parallel, and the second diode corresponds to a diode provided in anti-parallel to the switch element of the bridge circuit 31b.
　また、第３の実施形態では、簡単のため並列回路１３０を図８のように表現したが、例えば、図４に示すように接続することができる。 In the third embodiment, the parallel circuit 130 is expressed as shown in FIG. 8 for the sake of simplicity, but can be connected as shown in FIG. 4, for example.
　また、第３の実施形態では、絶縁トランス３１ｃを用いる充放電回路３１について述べたが、絶縁トランス３１ｃを用いない、例えば、図４のような充放電回路３１ｄを利用することもできる。図４の場合、第１スイッチ素子４１は、スイッチ素子１３１に相当し、第２スイッチ素子は、スイッチ素子１３２に相当し、第１ダイオード４４は、第１スイッチ素子に逆並列に設けられるダイオードに相当し、第２ダイオード４５は、第２スイッチ素子に逆並列に設けられるダイオードに相当する。 In the third embodiment, the charge / discharge circuit 31 using the insulation transformer 31c has been described. However, for example, a charge / discharge circuit 31d as shown in FIG. 4 that does not use the insulation transformer 31c can also be used. In the case of FIG. 4, the first switch element 41 corresponds to the switch element 131, the second switch element corresponds to the switch element 132, and the first diode 44 is a diode provided in antiparallel with the first switch element. The second diode 45 corresponds to a diode provided in antiparallel with the second switch element.
　以上、本発明の一実施形態について説明したが、以上の説明は本発明の理解を容易にするためのものであり、本発明を限定するものではない。本発明はその趣旨を逸脱することなく、変更、改良され得ると共に本発明にはその等価物が含まれることは勿論である。 As mentioned above, although one embodiment of the present invention was described, the above explanation is for making an understanding of the present invention easy, and does not limit the present invention. It goes without saying that the present invention can be changed and improved without departing from the gist thereof, and that the present invention includes equivalents thereof.
　例えば、本実施形態では、商用電力系統５から電力が供給されると接片を開く電磁リレーを使用し、商用電力系統５が停電か給電かを判断していたが、電力の供給／遮断により接片を開閉する開閉回路であれば様々なものが利用できる。例えば、フォトカプラなどを利用しても良い。 For example, in this embodiment, an electromagnetic relay that opens a contact piece when power is supplied from the commercial power system 5 is used to determine whether the commercial power system 5 is a power failure or power supply. Various circuits can be used as long as the circuit opens and closes the contact piece. For example, a photocoupler or the like may be used.
　また、例えば、停電検出回路３３に電磁リレーを用いて接片の開閉を行って停電の検出を行っていたが、フォトカプラ等の様な開閉回路を利用して、接片の開閉を行い商用電力系統５が電力を供給しているか否かを検出しても良い。 In addition, for example, the power failure detection circuit 33 uses an electromagnetic relay to open and close the contact piece to detect a power failure. However, the contact piece is opened and closed by using an open / close circuit such as a photocoupler. You may detect whether the electric power grid | system 5 is supplying electric power.
　また、例えば、本実施形態では、蓄電池３０として鉛蓄電池を用いる例を示したが、リチウムイオン電池、ニッケル水素電池等も利用することができる。 For example, in the present embodiment, an example in which a lead storage battery is used as the storage battery 30 has been shown, but a lithium ion battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, or the like can also be used.
　また、例えば、本実施形態では、絶縁トランスを用いた充放電回路（絶縁型）３１ａ～３１ｃと、双方向チョッパ３１ｄとを充放電回路３１として記載したが、様々な構成を用いることができる。例えば、充電回路と放電回路とを並列に配置しても良い。また、充電回路、及び放電回路は、絶縁型、非絶縁型の何れに設定してもかまわない。 Further, for example, in this embodiment, the charge / discharge circuits (insulation type) 31a to 31c using the insulation transformer and the bidirectional chopper 31d are described as the charge / discharge circuit 31, but various configurations can be used. For example, a charging circuit and a discharging circuit may be arranged in parallel. Further, the charging circuit and the discharging circuit may be set to either an insulating type or a non-insulating type.
　また、例えば、本実施形態では、充電を太陽電池１から行っていたが、商用電力系統５を用いて充電することも可能である。この場合、充電回路と放電回路とを分け放電回路をライン７と蓄電池３０との間に配置し、充電回路を商用電力系統５と蓄電池３０との間に配置する。この様にすることで、双方向の系統連系装置２（専用の系統連系装置）を用いることなく、蓄電池３０を充電することができる。 Further, for example, in this embodiment, charging is performed from the solar battery 1, but it is also possible to charge using the commercial power system 5. In this case, the charging circuit and the discharging circuit are separated, the discharging circuit is disposed between the line 7 and the storage battery 30, and the charging circuit is disposed between the commercial power system 5 and the storage battery 30. By doing in this way, the storage battery 30 can be charged, without using the bidirectional | two-way grid connection apparatus 2 (dedicated grid connection apparatus).
　また、例えば、本実施形態では、コンセント３７を筺体３５ｂに設けたが、コンセント３７を建物の壁等に取り付け、切替回路からコンセント３７まで配線（例えば、壁の内側から配線するなど）して利用しても良い。 Further, for example, in the present embodiment, the outlet 37 is provided in the housing 35b, but the outlet 37 is attached to a wall of a building and used by wiring from the switching circuit to the outlet 37 (for example, wiring from the inside of the wall). You may do it.
　１　　太陽電池
　２　　系統連系装置
　３　　蓄電システム
　５　　商用電力系統
　６　　負荷
　７    ライン
　８　　連系用ブレーカ
　２１　系統連系用リレー
　２２  自立運転用リレー
　２３　系統連系制御回路
　２４　インバータ回路
　２５　フィルタ回路
　２６　系統連系制御回路
　３０　蓄電池
　３１  充放電回路
　３２　蓄電システム制御回路
　３３　停電検出回路
　３４　切替回路
３５　筺体
　３６　信号線
　３７　コンセント
　３８　接続ライン
　３９　接続ライン
　４０　手動スイッチ
　４１　第１スイッチ素子（充電スイッチ素子）
　４２　第２スイッチ素子（放電スイッチ素子）
　４４　第１ダイオード
　４５　第２ダイオード
　４８　ブレーカ
　１３０　並列回路
　１３４　開閉器
　１３５　第３ダイオード
　ＣＴ１～ＣＴ４　電流センサ
　ＶＳ１、ＶＳ２　電圧センサ
 
  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Solar cell 2 Grid connection apparatus 3 Power storage system 5 Commercial power grid 6 Load 7 Line 8 Link breaker 21 Grid connection relay 22 Self-sustained operation relay 23 Grid connection control circuit 24 Inverter circuit 25 Filter circuit 26 Grid connection System control circuit 30 Storage battery 31 Charge / discharge circuit 32 Storage system control circuit 33 Power failure detection circuit 34 Switching circuit 35 Housing 36 Signal line 37 Outlet 38 Connection line 39 Connection line 40 Manual switch 41 First switch element (charge switch element)
42 Second switch element (discharge switch element)
44 First diode 45 Second diode 48 Breaker 130 Parallel circuit 134 Switch 135 Third diode CT1 to CT4 Current sensor VS1, VS2 Voltage sensor

Claims (12)

  1. 　蓄電池を備え、太陽電池の出力電力を交流電力に変換し商用電力系統へ出力する系統連系装置に前記蓄電池の出力を供給する蓄電システムにおいて、
    　前記蓄電池の充電を行う充電回路と、
    　前記太陽電池及び前記系統連系装置を接続するラインと、前記蓄電池との間に接続され、前記蓄電池から前記系統連系装置への放電を行う放電回路と、
    　前記商用電力系統の停電を検出する停電検出回路と、を備え、
    　前記停電検出回路により、停電を検出した場合に前記蓄電池から前記系統連系装置への放電を可能とする構成を備えることを特徴とする蓄電システム。     In a power storage system that includes a storage battery and supplies the output of the storage battery to a grid interconnection device that converts the output power of the solar battery into alternating current power and outputs it to a commercial power system,
    A charging circuit for charging the storage battery;
    A discharge circuit connected between the storage battery and a line connecting the solar battery and the grid interconnection device, and discharging from the storage battery to the grid interconnection device;
    A power failure detection circuit for detecting a power failure in the commercial power system,
    A power storage system comprising a configuration that enables discharge from the storage battery to the grid interconnection device when a power failure is detected by the power failure detection circuit.
  2. 　前記停電検出回路は、商用電力系統から電力が供給されると接片を開く開閉回路を有し、
    　前記開閉回路が閉じたことを検出して前記蓄電池から前記系統連系装置への放電を行うことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の蓄電システム。     The power failure detection circuit has an open / close circuit that opens a contact when power is supplied from a commercial power system,
    2. The power storage system according to claim 1, wherein discharging from the storage battery to the grid interconnection device is performed by detecting that the open / close circuit is closed.
  3. 　前記充電回路、及び前記放電回路は、絶縁トランスを介して前記蓄電池の充電、及び放電を行う充放電回路であることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の蓄電システム。 The power storage system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the charging circuit and the discharging circuit are charging / discharging circuits that charge and discharge the storage battery via an insulating transformer.
  4. 　前記充電回路、及び前記放電回路は、非絶縁型の双方向チョッパ回路による充放電回路により構成され、
    　前記充放電回路と前記ラインとの間、或いは前記充放電回路と前記蓄電池との間に開閉器を有し、
    　前記停電検出回路により、前記商用電力系統の給電を検出した場合に前記開閉器を開くことを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２に記載の蓄電システム。     The charging circuit and the discharging circuit are constituted by a charging / discharging circuit by a non-insulated bidirectional chopper circuit,
    Having a switch between the charge / discharge circuit and the line, or between the charge / discharge circuit and the storage battery,
    3. The power storage system according to claim 1, wherein the switch is opened when the power failure detection circuit detects feeding of the commercial power system. 4.
  5. 　前記系統連系装置が自立運転する場合に電力を出力する端子と、前記商用電力系統と、負荷に接続され、前記系統連系装置、或いは前記商用電力系統からの出力電力のいずれかを前記負荷へ出力する切替回路を有し、
    　停電を検出した場合に、前記系統連系装置の出力電力を前記負荷へ出力することを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項４に記載の蓄電システム。     The grid interconnection device is connected to a terminal that outputs power when the grid interconnection device operates independently, the commercial power system, and a load, and either the grid interconnection device or the output power from the commercial power system is connected to the load. A switching circuit that outputs to
    The power storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein when a power failure is detected, output power of the grid interconnection device is output to the load.
  6. 　前記停電検出回路により、停電を検出し、且つ太陽電池の出力電圧が第１所定値以上である場合に前記充電回路により蓄電池を充電し、
    　前記停電検出回路により、停電を検出し、且つ太陽電池の出力電圧が第１所定値未満である場合に前記放電回路により蓄電池を放電し、
    　前記停電検出回路により、前記商用電力系統の給電を検出し、且つ太陽電池の出力電圧が第２所定値以上である場合に前記充電回路により蓄電池を充電し、
    　前記停電検出回路により、前記商用電力系統の給電を検出し、且つ太陽電池の出力電圧が第２所定値未満である場合に前記充電回路、及び前記放電回路を停止することを特徴とする蓄電システム。     When the power failure detection circuit detects a power failure and the output voltage of the solar battery is equal to or higher than a first predetermined value, the charging circuit charges the storage battery.
    When the power failure detection circuit detects a power failure and the output voltage of the solar battery is less than a first predetermined value, the discharge circuit discharges the storage battery,
    When the power failure detection circuit detects feeding of the commercial power system, and the output voltage of the solar battery is equal to or higher than a second predetermined value, the charging circuit charges the storage battery,
    The power failure detection circuit detects power supply of the commercial power system, and stops the charging circuit and the discharging circuit when the output voltage of the solar battery is less than a second predetermined value. .
  7. 　前記充電回路は、周期的に導通／遮断を繰り返すことにより前記充電を行う第１スイッチ素子を有し、
    　前記放電回路は、周期的に導通／遮断を繰り返すことにより前記放電を行う第２スイッチ素子を有し、
    　前記第１スイッチ素子をバイパスする様に接続され、前記第１スイッチ素子と逆方向の電流を流す第１ダイオードと、
    　前記第２スイッチ素子をバイパスする様に接続され、前記第２スイッチ素子と逆方向の電流を流す第２ダイオードと、
    　前記放電回路と前記蓄電池との間に開閉器と第３ダイオードを並列に接続した並列回路と、を備え、
    　充電の際には前記第１スイッチ素子、前記第２ダイオード、及び前記第３ダイオードを電流が流れて充電し、放電の際には、前記開閉器、前記第２スイッチ素子、及び前記第１ダイオードを電流が流れて放電することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の蓄電システム。     The charging circuit includes a first switch element that performs the charging by periodically repeating conduction / cutoff,
    The discharge circuit includes a second switch element that performs the discharge by periodically repeating conduction / cutoff,
    A first diode connected so as to bypass the first switch element and flowing a current in a direction opposite to the first switch element;
    A second diode connected so as to bypass the second switch element and flowing a current in a direction opposite to the second switch element;
    A parallel circuit in which a switch and a third diode are connected in parallel between the discharge circuit and the storage battery;
    When charging, the first switch element, the second diode, and the third diode are charged with current flowing, and when discharging, the switch, the second switch element, and the first diode are charged. The power storage system according to claim 1, wherein a current flows through the battery and discharges the battery.
  8. 　前記放電の受付を行う放電操作部を備え、
    　前記放電操作部に前記放電の受付のない場合、或いは、前記停電検出回路により前記商用電力系統の給電を検出した場合に、前記第２スイッチ素子をゲートブロックすると共に、前記開閉器を開くことを特徴とする請求項７に記載の蓄電システム。     A discharge operation unit for receiving the discharge;
    When the discharge operation unit does not accept the discharge, or when the power failure detection circuit detects feeding of the commercial power system, the second switch element is gate-blocked and the switch is opened. The power storage system according to claim 7, which is characterized by:
  9. 　前記太陽電池、前記蓄電池、前記放電回路、及び前記充電回路の異常を判断し、
    　前記異常が検出された場合に前記第１スイッチ素子、或いは前記第２スイッチ素子をゲートブロックすることを特徴とする請求項７又は請求項８に記載の蓄電システム。     Determining an abnormality of the solar cell, the storage battery, the discharge circuit, and the charging circuit;
    The power storage system according to claim 7 or 8, wherein when the abnormality is detected, the first switch element or the second switch element is gate-blocked.
  10. 　前記太陽電池の電圧不足の場合、前記太陽電池が過電圧の場合、前記太陽電池が地絡している場合、前記充電時に流れる電流が過電流である場合、前記蓄電池が過充電の場合、前記蓄電池が地絡している場合に前記第１スイッチ素子のゲートブロックを行うことを特徴とする請求項９に記載の蓄電システム。 In the case where the voltage of the solar battery is insufficient, the solar battery is overvoltage, the solar battery is grounded, the current flowing during charging is an overcurrent, the storage battery is overcharged, the storage battery The power storage system according to claim 9, wherein a gate block of the first switch element is performed when a ground fault occurs.
  11. 　前記太陽電池が過電圧の場合、前記太陽電池が地絡している場合、前記放電時に流れる電流が過電流である場合、前記蓄電池が過放電の場合、前記蓄電池が地絡している場合に前記第２スイッチ素子のゲートブロックを行うことを特徴とする請求項９又は１０に記載の蓄電システム。 When the solar cell is overvoltage, when the solar cell is grounded, when the current flowing during the discharge is overcurrent, when the storage battery is overdischarged, when the storage battery is grounded The power storage system according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the gate block of the second switch element is performed.
  12. 　前記系統連系装置と、請求項１乃至請求項１１の何れかに記載の蓄電システムとを備えることを特徴とする系統連系システム。
          A grid interconnection system comprising the grid interconnection device and the power storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
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