WO2013013523A1 - 一种运动控制接口及接口控制器 - Google Patents

一种运动控制接口及接口控制器 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2013013523A1
WO2013013523A1 PCT/CN2012/074650 CN2012074650W WO2013013523A1 WO 2013013523 A1 WO2013013523 A1 WO 2013013523A1 CN 2012074650 W CN2012074650 W CN 2012074650W WO 2013013523 A1 WO2013013523 A1 WO 2013013523A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
interface
linkage
control
real
axis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/074650
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
江俊逢
Original Assignee
Jiang Junfeng
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jiang Junfeng filed Critical Jiang Junfeng
Publication of WO2013013523A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013013523A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/414Structure of the control system, e.g. common controller or multiprocessor systems, interface to servo, programmable interface controller

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of advanced control, and particularly relates to a linkage interface of an motion control level in an open numerical control system and an interface controller thereof.
  • the numerical control system aims to control the deterministic motion relationship between the mechanical systems and the logic control of the auxiliary devices.
  • the former is called digital control; the latter is attributed to PLC (rogrammable logic controller), which can be programmed to control logic.
  • servo drives are often referred to as motion control systems, and the interface between the CNC and servo drives is called the motion control interface.
  • the digital control system was connected to the servo drive by digital pulse.
  • the CNC system sent a pulse signal of the "pulse and direction" type or "positive and negative double pulse” type to the servo drive to the servo drive.
  • the outstanding advantage of this connection method is that the system debugging and operation and maintenance are simple and not easy to cause interference.
  • this type of connection is only suitable for the CNC system to unidirectionally distribute the stepwise digital information about the coordinate values to the servo drive, which is its main disadvantage.
  • the invention patent (CN 100524122C) is based on a fieldbus and proposes a fieldbus controller in a bus-type digital control system.
  • the fieldbus is a serial, digital, multi-system between the field devices installed in the production process area, the automatic control devices in the instrument and control room, and the system. Point communication data bus".
  • the fieldbus is a networked control system that uses a single distributed, digitized, intelligent measurement device and control device as a network node, connected by a serial digital bus, and exchanges information to complete the automatic control function.
  • the original intention of the fieldbus was to control the PLC in the process control. It is the main function to connect the detectors controlled by a large number of switches in a simple way.
  • the field equipment such as boiler, distillation tower and reaction furnace are controlled by the process quantities such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, liquid level and composition.
  • the so-called process control is to control the change in temperature, pressure, flow, liquid level, composition and other process quantities. Automatic control of the amount.
  • the carrier of these process quantities is the instrumentation.
  • PLC is not aimed at the deterministic motion relationship between mechanical systems, that is, the motion control problem, but on the combined logic control problem involving many process quantities such as pressure, flow, liquid level and composition in process control.
  • the fieldbus is English Field bus.
  • the Bus-word reveals the origin of the fieldbus from the semantics. That is to say, since the detection instrument does not have real-time problems, the field bus is generated to solve the spatial dispersion of the detection instruments in the process control.
  • intelligent instruments have powerful information processing capabilities.
  • the intelligence of the instrumentation makes the instrumentation no longer just the detection device of the field device, but the dual identity of the detection device and the control device, so that some control functions can be completed for the field devices that are closely coupled with it.
  • a field bus with communication function is generated.
  • the reasonable dispersion of control is the outstanding superiority of fieldbus.
  • the field bus realizes the digital communication between the field device and the control system monitored by the smart meter, and the distributed structure combining the centralized control and the decentralized control is pushed to the fully decentralized structure, and the control system can be independent of the computer of the control room or
  • the control instrument directly relies on the smart meter to realize some basic control functions of the field device, and realizes reasonable decentralized control.
  • control function is moved forward to the smart meter, and the smart meter is used to implement some basic control functions for the field devices that are closely coupled with it, thereby avoiding excessive round-trip transmission of on-site information.
  • Control information processing on-site becomes the outstanding advantage of fieldbus.
  • fieldbus does not appear to solve problems that traditional control systems cannot solve.
  • the on-siteization of information processing is the goal pursued by intelligent instrumentation and fieldbus, and it is also a sign that the fieldbus is different from other computer communication technologies.
  • fieldbus The advantages of fieldbus are: First, control information processing on-site, resulting in reasonable dispersion of control functions; Second, automatic and rapid access to rich information on diagnosis, maintenance and management from field devices; Third, and enterprise management The combination of automation has realized the integration of management and control, which provides the possibility of adopting new system maintenance methods and enterprise management modes. That is to say, the generation of fieldbus reflects the need for intelligent equipment on the one hand, and reflects the requirements for integrated information integration of enterprise management and control on the other hand.
  • Fieldbus focuses on the overall performance of the system.
  • the main problem with fieldbus is that the system is too small, the system is not dispersed, and the advantages of the fieldbus in space cannot be realized. If the control is not integrated, the overall performance of the system cannot be improved, and the maximum performance of the fieldbus cannot be exerted. In this case, the high cost of the field bus, high commissioning and operation and maintenance costs will lead to a significant reduction in the economic benefits of the fieldbus, and even a negative benefit compared to the reduction of wiring and cable-saving.
  • the fieldbus is not necessarily the best choice when the system scale is small, the field devices are distributed, and the field devices do not have intelligent diagnostic and management requirements.
  • the plant-level integrated automation information network can be divided into three levels: factory management level, workshop monitoring level, and field equipment level.
  • the numerical control equipment (CNC machine, handling robot, etc.) belongs to the field equipment in the workshop monitoring level.
  • the numerical control system is only the control part of the numerical control equipment, and the motion control level is the interface between the numerical control system and the servo drive unit.
  • servo drive, spindle drive, sensor device, I/O device etc., only the functional components of the numerical control device connected to the numerical control system at the motion control level.
  • the IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE defines open systems as: "Applicants that conform to system specifications can run on different platforms of multiple vendors and can be used with other systems. Interoperable and consistent user interface.”
  • the so-called open numerical control system has an architecture that is object-oriented and is driven by a numerical control device (a numerical control system), a servo drive device, and a spindle drive.
  • a numerical control device a numerical control system
  • a servo drive device a servo drive device
  • a spindle drive Device, sensor device, I/O device, etc. Interoperability between devices is supported by the fieldbus between devices.
  • the numerical control software in the numerical control device uses the interpolation iterative control algorithm to generate the digital control information about the position of the coordinate axis required by the servo drive device under the control of the real-time operating system, and distributes the transmission number to the servo drive device in real time through the so-called numerical control system field bus.
  • the control information transmits command information to the servo drive device, the spindle drive device, the sensor device, the I/O device, and the like, and the command information includes information such as parameter adjustment, status monitoring, and fault diagnosis.
  • the Open System Interconnect (OSI) reference model is a network interconnection model established by the ISO Organization (International Organization for Standardization) in 1985 for computer network communication.
  • the existing CNC system field bus is based on the ISO/OSI open system interconnection reference model, and the bus architecture is simplified to the physical layer, data link layer and application layer.
  • a serial field bus is proposed for the internal control of the numerical control device. Controls "two-way, multipoint communication" between components in different levels of the process.
  • the physical layer provides a reliable external environment for data transmission, including media (fiber, twisted pair, coaxial cable, etc.), connectors (plugs/sockets), receivers, transmitters, repeaters, etc.;
  • the link layer is a physical layer-based data channel, used for establishing and dismantling data links, and detecting and correcting data.
  • the application layer is above the physical layer and the data link layer, and is under the application task of the user. All parts of the interface provide services and services to user processes through a series of commands.
  • the CNC system and servo drive, spindle drive, sensor unit, I/O unit are all functional components of the CNC unit. From the control flow point of view, the functional components such as servo drive, spindle drive, sensor device, and I/O device are in different levels of control flow.
  • Computer network communication systems have the characteristics of highly dispersed, long distance, huge amount of information, and extremely complex information structure. Thus, communication between computer networks is highly uncertain.
  • the numerical control system synchronously, high-speed and reliable real-time distribution of digital control information about the position of the coordinate axis to the servo drive at the motion control level is a basic task of computer numerical control, in particular, digital control information.
  • the distribution transmission process is not a communication process, and the process of allocating and transmitting digital control information and digital control information is deterministic. This is an essential feature of digital control devices that distinguish them from computer networks.
  • these functional components of numerical control systems such as numerical control systems, servo drives, spindle drives, sensor devices, I/O devices, etc. are at different levels of the control flow, with great differences in space and time. Dispersibility is a spatial difference, and real-time is a time difference. At the micro level, the exchange of information between these functional components of numerical control equipment is also extremely different in terms of information volume, information structure, information transmission method, safety and reliability.
  • the mechanical path of the coordinate axis is used to synthesize the Tool Path curve, which is the structure and function of the numerical control equipment such as CNC machine tools.
  • the coordinate value of the coordinate axis is discretized into digital control information, which is the structure and function of the numerical control system. specialty.
  • Digital control is the process of generating, distributing, transmitting, and executing the digital control information, which is called a control flow. This is the essential feature of the computer digital control system in terms of structure and function.
  • the architecture of the existing open CNC system is based on the IEEE definition of an open system. It is object-oriented and treats the entire control process of digital control as several objects without the concept of controlling the process. According to the "structure and function characteristics of the numerical control system", the existing CNC system field bus is also object-oriented, completely ignoring the process characteristics of the CNC system.
  • the multi-axis linkage technology involves both the real-time control process of the interpolation iteration under the control of the real-time operating system and the real-time communication process in the periodic communication of the field bus, so it is called the most advanced technology. .
  • the existing CNC system field bus must use a lot of expensive soft and hard resources to build a real-time synchronization mechanism to solve the multi-axis synchronous drive problem.
  • the numerical control equipment such as CNC machine tools belongs to the field equipment in the workshop monitoring level, which is not the system for the workshop monitoring level, but the single machine with a small model.
  • the numerical control system, the servo drive, the spindle drive, the sensor device, and the I/O device are all functional components of the numerical control device.
  • the existing CNC system field bus is for a single machine such as a CNC machine tool, and the bus architecture in the computer network is used to interconnect the functional components inside the numerical control device. It is neglected that the numerical control device is not a large-scale system, but a scale. Very small stand-alone.
  • the numerical control system assigns the transmitted numbers to the servo drives.
  • the process of assigning and transmitting control information and digital control information is deterministic.
  • the existing fieldbus of the numerical control system ignores the certainty of the process of distributing and transmitting digital control information and digital control information.
  • numerical control equipment is a small-scale single machine.
  • the functional components such as numerical control system, servo drive, spindle drive, sensor device, I/O device are not scattered field devices, but A highly centralized field device inside a single unit.
  • the existing fieldbus of the numerical control system ignores the internal concentration of functional components such as the numerical control system, the servo drive device, the spindle drive device, the sensor device, and the I/O device.
  • the so-called real time refers to the ability to execute a specified function within a limited time and respond to external asynchronous events.
  • Real-time performance is an important difference between CNC equipment and computer networks.
  • the real-time requirements of servo drive, spindle drive, sensor device, I/O device and other functional components are greatly different, among them, sensor device and servo
  • the drive device has the highest requirements for real-time performance, and the spindle drive device is second.
  • the I/O device compared with the above device, it can be said that there is no real-time problem.
  • the existing fieldbus of the numerical control system neglects the real-time performance of the numerical control equipment, especially ignoring the real-time difference between the functional components such as the servo drive device, the spindle drive device, the sensor device and the I/O device.
  • the fieldbus of the existing CNC system ignores the simplicity of the digital control information and command information in the information structure.
  • the basic function of the CNC system is to send digital control information synchronously, at high speed and reliably in real time to the servo drive.
  • the feature is that the real-time distribution and transmission process of digital control information is one-way and multi-point transmission of the servo drive by the digital control system, not "two-way, multi-point communication".
  • the fieldbus of the existing numerical control system ignores the unidirectionality of the process of distributing and transmitting digital control information.
  • the one-way and multi-point real-time distribution and transmission of digital control information is the basic function of the numerical control system.
  • Command information such as parameter adjustment, status monitoring, and fault diagnosis are used to implement auxiliary functions such as diagnosis, maintenance, and management in the auxiliary process.
  • the fieldbus of the existing numerical control system ignores the subjectivity of digital information and the auxiliaryness of command information.
  • the so-called sensors are mainly position detecting devices such as gratings and digital encoders, which are located at the bottom of the control flow and are generally attached to the servo drive.
  • the control information generated by the position detecting device such as the grating and the digital encoder should realize the on-site control information processing as much as possible.
  • the existing fieldbus of the numerical control system uploads the control information generated by the position sensor devices such as the grating and the digital encoder, which is opposite to the principle of the forward function of the control function, and generates a cross-layer transmission problem.
  • the existing CNC system field bus is aimed at real-time processing equipment such as CNC machine tools, applying the bus architecture in the computer network, setting the data link layer and using the technology of retransmission and error correction, which consumes a lot of computing resources and weakens the real-time. Sex, reducing reliability.
  • the root cause of the above-mentioned standardization dilemma in the motion control interface using the fieldbus is the uncertainty of the network communication and the resulting complexity of the fieldbus itself.
  • the existing fieldbus system of the numerical control system is aimed at a single machine such as a numerical control machine tool, and the bus architecture in the computer network is applied, which leads to the complexity of the motion control interface, which hinders the standardization of the numerical control system.
  • the above drawbacks indicate that the existing bus type CNC system is based on IEEE definition and is a real-time, highly centralized computer control system.
  • the existing CNC system field bus is based on the single machine of CNC machine tool, based on the ISO/OSI open system interconnection reference model, and the bus architecture in the computer network is used to interconnect the functional components inside the numerical control device, completely neglected.
  • the process characteristics of computer numerical control completely ignore the essential characteristics of numerical control equipment that is different from computer network.
  • the existing fieldbus of numerical control system can not only play the space advantage of field bus in reducing wiring and saving cable, but its complexity consumes a lot of computing resources and leads to high cost.
  • the difficulty in system debugging and operation and maintenance reduces the numerical control system.
  • the reliability and openness have caused the standardization dilemma of the motion control interface. Summary of the invention
  • the invention is based on data stream association control, and according to different process characteristics of the auxiliary process and the processing process, the invention divides the motion control interface into a non-real-time serial interface and a real-time linkage interface, and proposes a motion control interface and interface for the open numerical control system. Controller.
  • the linkage interface proposed by the present invention abandons the complicated periodic communication in the fieldbus technology, does not have a communication cycle, and converts the complex real-time control process and the real-time communication process into the simplest one-way transmission linkage pulse, which is multi-axis.
  • Linkage provides an extremely simple real-time synchronization mechanism.
  • a motion control interface including a linkage interface and a serial interface
  • the linkage interface includes a status word register, a T pointer, a T-split timer, and a pulse generator;
  • the status word register is used to register a status word, and specify a coordinate axis
  • the T pointer is used to register the current address of the follower table
  • the serial interface is configured to send an axis linkage table to the servo drive device; the axis linkage table is configured to store an L segmentation component of the coordinate axis, and control the coordinate axis to generate an axis displacement.
  • the linkage interface further includes a follower file storage device for storing the follower table, and a file reading module for reading the follower table.
  • serial interface is a field bus, an RS232 and RS485 interface, a USB interface or a wireless interface.
  • linkage interface is an FPGA device.
  • each data bit of the linkage interface is respectively connected to one servo driving device.
  • An interface controller for an open CNC system comprising a microprocessor, a motion control interface, and a real-time control module;
  • the motion control interface includes a follower file file memory, a file reading module, a linkage interface, and a serial interface;
  • the follower file file is used to store a follower table
  • the file reading module is configured to read the follower table
  • the linkage interface includes a status word register, a T pointer, a T-split timer, and a pulse generator;
  • the status word register is used to register a status word, and specify a coordinate axis;
  • the T pointer is used to register a current address of the follower table;
  • the pulse generator is configured to generate a pulse according to a timing signal in the ⁇ segmentation timer; the linkage interface is configured to send a linkage command to a servo driving device specified by the status word register; each data bit of the linkage interface Connect one servo drive separately;
  • the serial interface is configured to send an axis linkage table to the servo driving device;
  • the axis linkage table is configured to store an L segmentation component of the coordinate axis, and control the coordinate axis to generate an axis displacement;
  • the real-time control module includes a linkage coordinate axis setting module, a linkage command setting module, a rhythm control module, and an endpoint control module;
  • the linkage coordinate axis setting module is configured to write the address of the following table to the ⁇ pointer according to the sequence code of the trajectory instruction, read the status word from the following table, and write the status word register, and specify the coordinate of the linkage by ;
  • the timing time in the ⁇ dividing timer is up, the rhythm control module is configured to start a pulse generator output pulse, and send a linkage command to the servo driving device specified by the status word register through a linkage interface;
  • the end point control module is configured to control an end point of the trajectory command; if the ⁇ pointer is equal to the last address of the follow-up table, that is, the end point of the trajectory instruction is reached, the running flag is turned off; , the ⁇ pointer points to the next ⁇ .
  • the numerical control system field bus is used as the motion control interface, and the communication cycle is the same as the interpolation cycle, which also becomes a system parameter.
  • the existing fieldbus interface of the numerical control system is based on the ISO/OSI open system interconnection reference model. It completely ignores the essential characteristics of the numerical control equipment and distinguishes it from the computer network. It completely ignores the process characteristics of the numerical control system and restricts the openness of the real-time control process. The function and structure are extremely complicated, and the adjustment and maintenance are difficult and the price is high.
  • the linkage interface of the invention has a high function and structure, is completely open to the user, and does not need to be adjusted and maintained.
  • the transmission speed of the synchronization pulse is extremely high, the use is convenient, and the price is low.
  • Multi-axis synchronous drive technology is a key technology to be solved in the existing numerical control technology.
  • the dual-axis synchronous drive technology is listed as a key technology in the existing CNC technology.
  • multi-axis synchronization depends on the real-time synchronization mechanism of periodic communication in the fieldbus.
  • multi-axis synchronization depends on the linkage command transmitted in real time through the linkage interface, and the coordinate axes of the linkage are specified by the status word.
  • the linkage command is a parallel synchronization pulse
  • the status word is a user parameter
  • the linkage interface is similar to a parallel interface under the control of a status word. Therefore, the present invention solves the multi-axis synchronization mechanism problem with an extremely simple technical means, and has a high-speed and high-precision synchronization capability, thereby converting a complicated multi-axis synchronous drive technology into a simple conventional technique.
  • the existing digital control system field bus sets the data link layer, adopts the technology of retransmission and error correction, and consumes a large amount of computing resources, which reduces the real-time performance and reduces the reliability.
  • the linkage interface in the invention simply transmits the synchronization pulse in one direction, and the function and structure are highly simplified and highly reliable.
  • the non-real time interface is a conventional serial interface.
  • the axis linkage table is a standard file, and the non-real-time serial interface does not have real-time problems, so there is no need for real-time synchronization mechanism, and there is no cycle. Communication and thus the communication cycle is no longer a system parameter and there is no problem with the specification of the communication protocol. Therefore, the non-real-time serial interface can be any standard serial interface, including fieldbus, RS232 and RS485 interfaces, USB interface, mobile memory, wireless interface, etc. There is no standardization problem.
  • the linkage command is just a sync pulse.
  • FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a specific embodiment.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The machining process of a workpiece can generally be divided into an auxiliary process, a tool change process and a pass process.
  • the auxiliary process involves auxiliary functions and status settings controlled by the I/O device.
  • the tool change process involves tool magazine control.
  • the conventional PLC is used to control the tool magazine, or the soft PLC is used to generate the control flow of the combination logic to control the tool change process.
  • the present invention does not relate to a control method of a PLC and an I/O device.
  • the CNC system has only three working states: auxiliary function operation, switch quantity control, real-time control of the tool path curve.
  • the data flow association control describes the three working states by using three types of motion commands: a status command, a switch command, and a track command.
  • the user uses the status command, the switch command, and the track command to describe the entire machining process of the workpiece.
  • This set of motion instructions that are determined by the machining process is the NC machining program for the machining of the workpiece.
  • This invention is referred to as the DRC NC program.
  • the DRC NC program is a digital product manufactured by a digital control information manufacturing system, thereby fully digitizing the traditional form of control information, such as paper, G code programs, and the like.
  • the pass process involves real-time control of the tool path curve.
  • the so-called digital control is to discretize the tool path curve into discrete position information required by the coordinate axis and send it to the servo drive device at a certain time interval to control the combined displacement of the coordinate axis.
  • Such discrete position information of the coordinate axes distributed at a certain time interval is referred to as an associated data stream.
  • the discrete position information in the form of "0” is widely used. However, in many cases, the discrete position information is not a " ⁇ "0” form, but a coordinate value increment.
  • the discrete position information of the "1" "0” form is generally referred to as a step-type associative data stream, and the associated data stream composed of coordinate value increments is referred to as an incremental associated data stream.
  • the coordinate axes of the linkage are X, y, Z, A, B, etc.
  • the Tool Path is a function of five variables such as X, y, Z, A, and B.
  • Table 1 is a schematic diagram of the 5-axis linkage associated data flow of the toolpath curve.
  • the coordinate increments of the five variables X, y, Z, A, B, etc. are ⁇ Xi, ⁇ , ⁇ , AA i3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ , with ALi CAX ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , AA ⁇ ⁇ ,), micro
  • the line segment is referred to as the L segmentation of the tool path curve.
  • the X-axis first feeds ⁇ and then feeds ⁇ 2 until ⁇ X n , y, Z, A, B and so on.
  • t n is redundant.
  • it can be set appropriately, for example, At 0 is set to At n . Adjust the subscripts 0, 1, ..., n-1 to 1, ..., n.
  • the digital control information of the tool path curve includes two parts.
  • the first part is the L-segment, which describes the increment of the coordinate value when the relevant coordinate axes are linked and the required linkage, which is used to control the linkage of the relevant coordinate axes to produce the required composite displacement.
  • the second part is a T-segment, describing the follow-up between the resultant displacements, used to control the time interval between the resultant displacements.
  • the L segmentation also includes a quasi-deterministic error such as a backlash, a pitch error, a non-perpendicularity and a non-parallelism error between the drive chains, such as a deterministic error or a thermal deformation error.
  • the digital image of L-segmentation in the storage space is called the linkage table of the toolpath curve; the digital image of the T-segmentation in the storage space is called the follower table of the toolpath curve.
  • the coordinate value increments ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ of the coordinate axes are transmitted to X, y, Z, A via the motion control interface.
  • Servo drives such as B, etc.; X, y, Z, A, B and other servo drives write Z ⁇ Xi, ⁇ , ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, ⁇ , ⁇ :3 ⁇ 4 into their respective position rings, driving X, y, Z, A, B Equal axis feed, achieve synthetic displacement ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ )
  • L segmentation is dynamically generated during real-time control.
  • the technology is based on data flow association control, and configures control resources according to a control flow of generation, distribution, transmission, and execution of digital control information.
  • the process of generating digital control information and the process of assigning digital control information are both deterministic.
  • assigning the coordinate axis value increment to the servo drive is a kind
  • a one-way non-real-time transmission process is not a two-way real-time communication process. This is the essence of the motion control interface in computer digital control.
  • the generation and distribution of digital control information is a non-real-time task that should be completed in the auxiliary process.
  • the digital control information generating component is based on the PC, and uses the discrete geometric programming to generate the L segmentation of the tool path curve and stores it in the linkage table; the L segmentation is used to control the coordinate axis linkage to generate the synthetic displacement; the discrete motion planning is used to generate the tool path curve.
  • T is divided and stored in the follower table; the T split is used to control the time interval between the axis shifts.
  • the status word is set in the follow-up table to identify the coordinates of the linkage in the segment.
  • the status word is one byte and the number of bytes can be 32, 16, or 8.
  • an 8-bit status word can specify 8 linked axes. From low to high, each bit of the status word controls the enable state of one axis and the data channel. For example, the status word "11100000” specifies three axes of X, y, Z, etc., and the status word "00011000” specifies two axes, A, B, and so on.
  • the number of digits and the number of status words are user parameters.
  • the user can set the number of bits and the number of bytes of the status word by the status command.
  • the linkage L can be divided in the table ( ⁇ , Ayi, ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, ⁇ , ⁇ ) by ⁇ , Ay ,, ⁇ , ⁇ 13 ⁇ 4 separated into five independent axis linkage table. If five axis linkage tables such as X, y, Z, A, B, etc. are assigned to X, y, Z, A, B and other servo drive devices in the auxiliary process and stored, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , AAi, The ABi distribution process is separated from the real-time control process.
  • the axis linkage table is used to store the L-divided components of each coordinate axis, and the axis is controlled to generate the axis displacement.
  • the axis linkage table can be assigned to the relevant servo drive in advance during the auxiliary process. For example, through a serial interface such as a fieldbus, RS232 and RS485 interface, USB interface, mobile memory, wireless interface, etc., the axis linkage table is assigned to the servo drive in a non-real time.
  • the synchronization pulse is only sent according to the coordinate axis specified by the state word.
  • the set of sync pulses under the control of the status word is referred to as a linkage command.
  • the process by which the associated servo drive reads the coordinate value increment from its axis linkage table and writes it to its position loop.
  • the axis linkage table is allocated to the servo drive device in real time.
  • the control information that needs to be transmitted in real time is simplified to the linkage command.
  • the real-time control process of the tool path curve is highly simplified and converted into the simplest linkage command.
  • a tool path curve often consists of multiple curve segments.
  • the invention is not segmented according to the geometry of the curve, but is segmented according to the coordinate axes of the linkage.
  • the coordinate axes of the linkages in each segment are the same and are described by a track command. Therefore, the processing of a tool path often uses multiple track commands.
  • the track instruction is a single-byte instruction whose instruction code is:
  • the address code of the interpreter of the track instruction is the system parameter, which is automatically imported by the system during runtime.
  • the sequence code establishes a correspondence between the track command of the tool path curve and the linkage table and the follower table carried by the tool path.
  • the DRC NC program, the follower table, and the axis linkage table are generated by the PC system.
  • the DRC NC program is an executable file; the axis linkage table and the follower table are data files.
  • the DRC digital control program, the axis linkage table, and the follower table all use file systems such as FAT16 and FAT32.
  • file systems are a way to organize files on disk.
  • FAT Fe Allocation Table
  • FAT File Allocation Table
  • the file reading module is configured to read related sector addresses and data area addresses of the FAT table, the FDT table, the BPB table, and the like, and does not need to configure an operating system, thereby independently completing all functions of the file management: opening, creating, or deleting Files, enumerates and searches for files, supports long file names, and more.
  • the DRC numerical control program is distributed to the lower computer in a non-real time through the serial interface.
  • the lower computer is an embedded system, there is no need to configure an operating system. Therefore, the present invention is referred to as a data flow controller.
  • the PC system sends the follower table to the motion control interface through another serial interface, and sends the DRC digital control program to the data flow controller.
  • the data flow controller runs the DRC NC program, executes the track command in the DRC NC program, and completes the real-time control process of the tool path described by the track command.
  • the linkage interface 1 is used to The servo drive device specified by the status word register sends a linkage command; each data bit of the linkage interface 1 is respectively connected to a servo drive device;
  • the linkage interface 1 further includes a follower table file storage for storing the follower table, and a file reading module for reading the follower table;
  • the serial interface 2 is for transmitting an axis linkage table to the external servo drive device 100; the axis linkage table is for storing the L division component of the coordinate axis, and controlling the coordinate axis to generate the axis displacement.
  • An interface controller of the open CNC system as shown in FIG. 1 includes a microprocessor 3, a motion control interface, and a real-time control module.
  • the motion control interface includes a linkage interface 1, a serial interface 2, a follower table file memory 5, and a file reading module 6.
  • the real-time control module 4 includes a linkage axis setting module 41, a linkage command setting module 42, a rhythm control module 43, and an endpoint control module 44.
  • the linkage coordinate axis setting module 41 is configured to write the address of the following table to the T pointer according to the sequence code of the track instruction, read the status word from the following table, and write the status word register to specify the coordinate axis of the linkage.
  • the timing time in the split timer is up, and the rhythm control module 43 is configured to start the pulse generator to output a pulse, and send a linkage command to the servo drive specified by the status word register through the linkage interface.
  • the end point control module 44 is configured to control the end point of the trajectory instruction; if the ⁇ pointer is equal to the last address of the follow-up table, that is, to reach the end point of the trajectory instruction, the running flag is turned off; otherwise, The ⁇ pointer points to the next ⁇ .
  • the above technical solution divides the motion control interface into a non-real-time serial interface and a real-time linkage interface.
  • the serial interface is used to distribute the axis linkage table to the servo drive in a non-real time in the auxiliary process.
  • the serial interface is a regular serial interface. Compared with the fieldbus of the existing CNC system, it is important that, since the allocation process of the axis linkage table is non-real-time, the axis linkage table is a standard file, and the serial interface does not have real-time problems, so there is no need for real-time synchronization mechanism, and there is no periodic communication. The communication cycle is no longer a system parameter and there is no additional communication protocol.
  • the non-real-time serial interface can be any standard serial interface, including fieldbus, RS232 and RS485 interfaces, USB interfaces, mobile memory, wireless interfaces, and the like. In other words, in the present technical solution, there is no standardization problem with the serial interface.
  • Each data bit of the linkage interface 1 is respectively connected to one servo drive device.
  • each bit of the linkage interface is connected to a servo drive device, similar to an interrupt control line. Therefore, the linkage interface proposed by the technical solution provides an extremely simple real-time synchronization mechanism for multi-axis linkage, and is extremely easy to standardize.
  • Step 1 Linking axis setting steps
  • the first address of the following table is written into the T pointer, the status word is read from the following table and written into the status word register, and the coordinate axes of the linkage are specified;
  • the timing of the T split timer is up, the start pulse generator outputs a pulse, and the linkage command is sent to the servo drive device 100 specified by the status word register through the linkage interface 1;
  • the run flag is turned off; otherwise, the T pointer points to the next one, and steps 2 through 4 are repeated.
  • the servo drive After the servo drive receives the axis linkage table, set the execution flag to "1"; the first address of the axis linkage table is written to the L pointer according to the sequence code of the axis linkage table of the track command.
  • the servo drive device After receiving the linkage command, the servo drive device follows the linkage command, reads the coordinate value increment from the axis linkage table and writes it to the position loop according to the L pointer, and drives the coordinate axis feed to generate a composite displacement; the L pointer adds 1 to the L pointer. It is equal to the last address of the axis linkage table, and the execution flag is set to "0" to prepare the axis linkage table for the next track command.
  • the data flow controller runs the trajectory command; the interface controller generates the linkage command; the servo drive device follows the linkage command to continuously drive the coordinate axis feed. Repeatedly, until the T pointer reaches the end of the follower table, it reaches the end of the track command.
  • the state word register specifies the state as "11111000".
  • the real-time control process is that the data flow controller runs the trajectory describing the tool path curve.
  • the sending process of the above linkage command can be solidified. Therefore, when the data flow controller runs the trajectory command, it only needs to set the running flag to "1" and then query the running flag. Once the running flag is "0", the next motion command is executed.
  • FPGA devices can also be used to construct motion control interfaces, especially the linkage interface, which provides convenient technical means for users to expand and use.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了开放式数控系统的一种运动控制接口及接口控制器。按照辅助过程与加工过程的不同过程特征,将运动控制接口分为非实时串行接口(2)与实时联动接口(1)。所述联动接口(1)包括状态字寄存器、T指针、T分割定时器、脉冲发生器,所述串行接口(2)用于向伺服驱动装置发送轴联动表,所述轴联动表用于存储坐标轴的L分割分量,控制该坐标轴产生轴位移。所述联动接口(1)以极为简单的技术手段解决了刀路曲线的实时控制问题,将复杂的实时控制过程与实时通信过程转化为简单的联动命令的实时发送过程。所述联动接口(1)具有开放的实时控制过程,不存在通信协议与通信周期,从而将复杂的多轴同步驱动技术转化为简单的常规技术。所述联动接口(1)具有系统调试与运行维护简单、对用户完全开放、使用方便、价格低廉、可以标准化等优点。

Description

一种运动控制接口及接口控制器 技术领域 本发明属先进控制领域, 具体涉及一种开放式数控系统中运动控制级 的联动接口及其接口控制器。 技术背景
数控系统以控制机械系统之间的确定性运动关系以及辅助装置的逻辑 控制为目标。 前者就是所谓数字控制; 后者归于 PLC ( rogrammable logic controller ), 即可编程序逻辑控制。
在文献中, 伺服驱动装置通常称之为运动控制系统, 数控系统与伺服 驱动装置之间的界面则称为运动控制接口。
在早期, 数控系统与伺服驱动装置之间釆用数字脉冲方式连接, 数控 系统向伺服驱动装置发送"脉冲与方向"类型或"正反双脉冲"类型的关于坐 标值的脉冲信号。 这种连接方式的突出优点是系统调试与运行维护简单、 不易产生干扰。 然而, 这种连接方式只适用于数控系统向伺服驱动装置单 向分配发送关于坐标值的步进式数字信息, 这是其主要缺点。
上世纪九十年代以来, 许多厂商力求在运动控制接口使用现场总线 ( Field bus ), 并将现场总线接口技术视为开放式数控系统的标志之一。
例如, 发明专利 (CN 100524122C )基于现场总线, 提出了总线式数 控系统中的一种现场总线控制器。
现场总线的概念产生于 1984年。 根据国际电工委员会(International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC ) IEC61158的定义, 现场总线是"安装在 生产过程区域的现场设备、 仪表与控制室内的自动控制装置、 系统之间的 一种串行、 数字式、 多点通信的数据总线"。 或者说, 现场总线是以单个分 散的、 数字化、 智能化的测量设备与控制设备作为网络节点, 用串行数字 总线相连接, 实现相互交换信息, 共同完成自动控制功能的网络式控制系 统。
1984 年,美国仪表协会( ISA )下属的标准与实施工作组中的 ISA/SP50 开始制定现场总线标准; 1985年, 国际电工委员会决定由 Proway Working Group负责现场总线体系结构与标准的研究制定工作; 1986年, 德国开始 制定过程现场总线 (Process Fieldbus ) 标准, 简称为 PROFIBUS , 由此拉 开了现场总线标准制定及其产品开发的序幕。
现场总线诞生的初衷是针对过程控制中的 PLC控制, 将 PLC中由大 量开关所控制的检测仪表以一种较简洁的方式连接起来是其主要功能。
在化工、 轻工、 医药等过程工业的生产过程中, 通过温度、 压力、 流 量、 液位、 成分等过程量对锅炉、 蒸馏塔、 反应炉等现场设备进行控制。 所谓过程控制就是以温度、 压力、 流量、 液位、 成分等过程量作为被控变 量的自动控制。 这些过程量的载体就是检测仪表。 PLC并非针对机械系统 之间的确定性运动关系即运动控制问题, 而是针对过程控制中涉及压力、 流量、 液位、 成分等众多过程量的组合逻辑控制问题。
早期的检测仪表都是模拟式的, 其功能仅局限于监测。 模拟式检测仪 表所监测的信息可以自动记录但必须由人工汇总。 由此可见, 与运动控制 中的实时性相比, 可以认为, 过程控制中的过程量的组合逻辑控制不存在 实时性问题。 现场总线之英文为 Field bus。 Bus—词从语意上揭示了现场 总线的起源。 这就是说, 由于检测仪表不存在实时性问题, 现场总线是为 了解决过程控制中的检测仪表在空间上的分散性而产生的。
70年代以后,微处理器的诞生导致模拟式检测仪表演进为数字化的智 能仪表。 智能仪表的产生为现场总线的发展奠定了基础。
作为一个嵌入式系统, 智能化仪表拥有强大的信息处理能力。 检测仪 表的智能化使检测仪表不再只是现场设备的检测装置, 而是兼有检测装置 与控制装置之双重身份, 从而对与之耦合紧密的现场设备可以完成某些控 制功能。 为了实现智能仪表与控制系统之间的信息交换, 这就产生了具备 通信功能的现场总线。
控制合理分散是现场总线的突出优越性。 现场总线实现了智能仪表所 监测的现场设备与控制系统之间的数字通信, 将集中控制与分散控制相结 合的集散式结构推向了全分散式结构, 控制系统能够不依赖控制室的计算 机或控制仪表, 直接依靠智能仪表实现对现场设备的某些基本控制功能, 实现了合理的分散控制。
控制功能前移到智能仪表, 依靠智能仪表对与之耦合紧密的现场设备 实现了某些基本控制功能, 避免了现场信息过多地往返传送。 控制信息处 理现场化成为现场总线的突出优越性。
信息处理现场化需要合理处理分散与集中的关系。 重要的是, 分散与 集中的合理划分取决于被控过程的实际过程特征与控制系统的实际体系结 构。
从现场设备获得丰富的信息是现场总线技术独有的本质优越性。 检测 仪表的智能化导致现场有越来越多的信息可以向上传送。采用现场总线后, 可以从现场自动地、 快速地从智能仪表得到现场设备在诊断、 维护和管理 等方面的丰富信息, 用于诊断、 维护和管理现场设备以及诊断、 维护和管 理整个控制过程, 从而改善整个生产过程及其决策管理, 实现了管控一体 化。
因此,现场总线并不是为解决传统控制系统不能解决的问题而出现的。 信息处理的现场化是智能化仪表和现场总线所追求的目标, 也是现场总线 不同与其他计算机通信技术的标志。
现场总线的优越性在于, 一是控制信息处理现场化, 从而导致控制功 能的合理分散; 二是自动地、 快速地从现场设备获得诊断、 维护和管理等 方面的丰富信息; 三是与企业管理自动化相结合, 实现了管控一体化, 为 采用新型系统维护方式和企业管理模式提供了可能。 这就是说, 现场总线的产生一方面反映了现场设备智能化的需要, 另 一方面也反映了企业管控一体化信息集成的要求。
现场总线注重的是系统整体性能的提高。现场总线存在的主要问题是, 系统规模太小、 系统不分散便无法发挥现场总线在空间上的优势, 管控不 一体化便无法提高系统的整体性能, 从而无法发挥现场总线的最大效能。 在这种情况下, 现场总线的高价格、 调试与运行维护费用高等缺点将导致 现场总线产生的经济效益显著下降, 与减少布线、 节省电缆之所得相比, 甚至为负效益。
综上所述, 系统规模较小, 现场设备分布比较集中, 以及现场设备没 有智能诊断和管理要求时, 现场总线并不一定是最佳选择。
众所周知, 厂级综合自动化信息网络可分为三级: 工厂管理级、 车间 监控级、 现场设备级。
数控设备(数控机床、搬运机器人等 )属于车间监控级中的现场设备, 数控系统只是数控设备的控制部件, 运动控制级则是数控系统与伺服驱动 装置之间的接口。 至于 "伺服驱动装置、 主轴驱动装置、 传感器装置、 I/O 装置 ', 等只是在运动控制级与数控系统相连接的数控设备的功能部件。
IEEE ( Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers , 国标电气与电子 工程师协会)关于开放式系统的定义为: "符合系统规范的应用系统可以运 行在多个销售商的不同平台上, 可以与其它系统的应用进行互操作, 并且 具有一致风格的用户交互界面。 "
中国国家标准《GB/T 18759.1-2002·机械电气设备 ·开放式数控系统*第 1部分: 总则》(简称国标)抓住 IEEE定义的本质并遵循 IEEE定义的基 本原则, 直截了当将开放性定义为应用软件的"即插即用", 将开放式数控 系统定义为: "指应用软件构筑于遵循公开性、 可扩展性、 兼容性原则的系 统平台之上的数控系统, 使应用软件具备可移植性、 互操作性和人机界面 的一致性。 "
国标 《GB/T 18759. 2-2006·机械电气设备 ·开放式数控系统*第 2部分: 体系结构》 以基于 IEEE定义的开放式数控系统的黑箱模型为参考, 构建 了一种面向对象的体系结构。
国标《GB/T 18759.3-2009. 机械电气设备. 开放式数控系统. 第 3部 分: 总线接口与通信协议》 以 ISO/OSI开放系统互联参考模型为基础, 对 现场总线(Field bus )予以规范, 称之为 "开放式数控系统总线", 用于连 接 "数控装置、 伺服驱动装置、 主轴驱动装置、 传感器装置、 I/O装置", 以实现这些 "装置间的数字式、 双向、 多点的通信"。 另一种已公开的关于 机床数控系统现场总线标准《机床数控系统 NCUC-Bus现场总线协议规范 (草案)》 (简称国标草案) 正在制定中、 也是以 ISO/OSI开放系统互联参 考模型为基础。
从所述国标与国标草案关于所述开放式数控系统及其数字总线的定义 可知, 所谓开放式数控系统, 其体系结构是面向对象的, 由数控装置 (数 控系统)、 伺服驱动装置、 主轴驱动装置、 传感器装置、 I/O装置等组成, 装置间通过所述现场总线来支持装置间的互操作。 数控装置中的数控软件 在实时操作系统的掌控下釆用插补迭代控制算法产生伺服驱动装置所需要 的关于坐标轴位置的数字控制信息, 通过所谓数控系统现场总线向伺服驱 动装置实时分配发送数字控制信息, 向伺服驱动装置、 主轴驱动装置、 传 感器装置、 I/O 装置等传输命令信息, 所述命令信息包括参数调整、 状态 监控、 故障诊断等信息。
开放式系统互联 ( Open System Interconnect, OSI )参考模型是 ISO组 织(国际标准化组织)针对计算机网络通信于 1985年建立的网络互联模型。
现有数控系统现场总线以 ISO/OSI开放系统互联参考模型为基础, 将 总线的体系结构简化为物理层、 数据链路层、 应用层, 提出一种串行现场 总线,用于数控设备内部处于控制流程的不同层次中的部件之间的 "双向、 多点通信"。所述物理层为数据传输提供可靠的外部环境, 包括媒体(光纤、 双绞线、 同轴电缆等)、 连接器(插头 /插座)、 接收器、 发送器、 中继器等; 所述数据链路层为基于物理层的数据通道, 用于数据链路的建立与拆除、 对数据的检错与纠错; 所述应用层为物理层、 数据链路层之上, 用户应用 任务之下的所有部分, 通过一系列的命令为用户进程提供接口和服务。
发明人发现, 现有开放式数控系统是在实时操作系统掌控下的专用计 算机系统, 是 IEEE定义的产物, 釆用通用计算机系统的体系结构, 没有 控制流程的概念, 不是按照控制流程来配置控制资源。
数控系统与伺服驱动装置、 主轴驱动装置、 传感器装置、 I/O 装置都 是数控设备的功能部件。 从控制流程来看, 伺服驱动装置、 主轴驱动装置、 传感器装置、 I/O装置等功能部件处于不同层次的控制流程中。
任何形式的通信都具有不确定性。
计算机网络通信系统具有站点高度分散、 远距离、 信息量极大、 信息 结构极为复杂等显著特点。 因而, 计算机网络之间的通信具有高度的不确 定性。
然而, 对于数控设备来说, 数控系统在运动控制级向伺服驱动装置同 步、 高速、 可靠地实时分配发送关于坐标轴位置的数字控制信息是计算机 数字控制的基本任务, 特别是, 数字控制信息的分配发送过程并非通信过 程, 数字控制信息与数字控制信息的分配发送过程都是确定性的。 这是数 控设备区别于计算机网络的本质特征。
此外, 在宏观上, 数控系统、 伺服驱动装置、 主轴驱动装置、 传感器 装置、 I/O 装置等数控设备的这些功能部件处于控制流程的不同层次中, 在空间与时间方面存在极大的差异。 分散性是空间上的差异, 实时性是时 间上的差异。 在微观上, 数控设备的这些功能部件之间的信息交换在信息 量、 信息结构、 信息传输方式、 安全性与可靠性等方面同样存在极大的差 异。
发明人进而发现, 现有数控系统现场总线完全忽视了数控系统的结构 及功能特点, 完全忽视了数控设备及数控系统所固有的上述问题, 特别是 完全忽视了数控设备区别于计算机网络的本质特征, 产生了下述缺陷。 1、 数字控制的过程特征
利用坐标轴的机械运动来合成刀路(Tool Path ) 曲线, 是数控机床等 数控设备在结构及功能上的特点, 将坐标轴的坐标值离散为数字控制信息 则是数控系统在结构及功能上的特点。 数字控制是所述数字控制信息的生 成、 分配、 发送与执行的过程, 称之为控制流程。 这是计算机数字控制系 统在结构及功能上的本质特征。
现有开放式数控系统的体系结构基于 IEEE关于开放式系统的定义, 是面向对象的, 将数字控制的整个控制流程视为若干对象, 没有控制流程 的观念。 根据 "数控系统的结构及功能特点制定的" 现有数控系统现场总 线也是面向对象的, 完全忽视了数控系统的过程特征。
2、 多轴同步驱动
在基于 IEEE定义的现有开放式数控系统中, 多轴联动技术既涉及实 时操作系统掌控下的插补迭代实时控制过程, 又涉及现场总线的周期通信 中的实时通信过程, 故号称最尖端技术。
现有数控系统现场总线必须耗费大量昂贵的软硬资源构建实时同步机 制, 以解决多轴同步驱动问题。
3、 系统与单机
数控机床之类的数控设备属于车间监控级中的现场设备, 对车间监控 级而言并非系统, 而 见模很小的单机。 数控系统、 伺服驱动装置、 主轴 驱动装置、 传感器装置、 I/O装置都是数控设备的功能部件。
现有数控系统现场总线针对数控机床之类的单机, 套用计算机网络中 的总线体系结构, 用于数控设备内部的功能部件之间的互联, 忽视了数控 设备不是规模较大的系统, 而是规模很小的单机。
4、 确定性
与计算机网络不同, 数控系统、 伺服驱动装置、 主轴驱动装置、 传感 器装置、 I/O 装置等功能部件之间的信息传输, 特别是, 在运动控制级, 数控系统向伺服驱动装置分配发送的数字控制信息与数字控制信息的分配 发送过程都是确定性的。
现有数控系统现场总线忽视了数字控制信息与数字控制信息的分配发 送过程所具有的确定性。
5、 分散性
与计算机网络、 过程控制系统相比, 数控设备是规模很小的单机, 数 控系统、 伺服驱动装置、 主轴驱动装置、 传感器装置、 I/O 装置等功能部 件也不是分散的现场装置,而是处于一台单机内部的高度集中的现场装置。
现有数控系统现场总线忽视了数控系统、 伺服驱动装置、 主轴驱动装 置、 传感器装置、 I/O装置等功能部件的内部集中性。
6、 实时性
所谓实时性 (real time ), 是指能够在限定时间内执行完规定的功能并 对外部的异步事件作出响应的能力。
在计算机网络中存在通信的不确定性, 因而不存在实时性问题。 实时性是数控设备与计算机网络的重要区别,特别是,伺服驱动装置、 主轴驱动装置、 传感器装置、 I/O 装置等功能部件对实时性的要求存在极 大的差异, 其中, 传感器装置、 伺服驱动装置对实时性的要求最高, 主轴 驱动装置次之; 至于 I/O装置, 与上述装置相比, 可以说, 不存在实时性 问题。
现有数控系统现场总线忽视了数控设备的实时性, 特别是忽视了伺服 驱动装置、 主轴驱动装置、 传感器装置、 I/O 装置等功能部件在实时性方 面的差异。
7、 信息结构的简单性
与计算机网络中高度复杂的信息结构 (图像、 声音、 文字等) 不同, 在数控设备中, 只有数字控制信息与命令信息两种结构, 二者与机器指令 类似, 其数据结构与命令格式极为简单。
现有数控系统现场总线忽视了数字控制信息与命令信息在信息结构上 的简单性。
8、 分配发送过程的单向性
数控系统的基本功能是向伺服驱动装置同步、 高速、 可靠地实时分配 发送数字控制信息。 其特点在于, 数字控制信息的实时分配发送过程是数 控系统对伺服驱动装置的单向、 多点发送, 并非 "双向、 多点通信"。
现有数控系统现场总线忽视了数字控制信息的分配发送过程的单向 性。
9、 命令信息的辅助性
数字控制信息的单向、 多点的实时分配发送是数控系统的基本功能。 至于参数调整、 状态监控、 故障诊断等命令信息, 只是在辅助过程中用于 实现诊断、 维护和管理等辅助功能。
现有数控系统现场总线忽视了数字信息的主体性与命令信息的辅助 性。
10、 跨层次传输问题
在数控设备中,所谓传感器主要是光栅、数字编码器等位置检测装置, 位于控制流程的底层, 一般附属于伺服驱动装置。
按照控制功能前移的原则, 作为底层控制信息, 光栅、 数字编码器等 位置检测装置产生的控制信息应尽可能实现控制信息处理现场化。
现有数控系统现场总线将光栅、 数字编码器等位置传感器装置所产生 的控制信息上传, 与控制功能前移原则相反, 产生了跨层次传输问题。
11、 纠错与重发
在计算机网络中, 需要通过物理层不同的多个中继站或服务器远距离 多次转发信息结构极为复杂的海量信息。 在不同物理介质中传输信息极易 产生差错。 为此, 采用复杂的校验控制算法进行检错与纠错成为数据链路 层的基本任务之一。 由于计算机网络不存在实时性问题, 重发成为纠错的 有力技术手段。 与计算机网络不同, 对于数控机床之类的数控设备来说, 任何差错都 可能导致不能承受的严重后果。 因而, 提高可靠性的首要技术手段是发现 物理层干扰与硬件失效的早期征兆, 其处理方法不是糾错重发而是停机诊 断与检修。
现有数控系统现场总线针对数控机床之类的实时加工设备, 套用计算 机网络中的总线体系结构, 设置数据链路层并釆用重发糾错的技术手段, 耗费了大量计算资源反而削弱了实时性, 降低了可靠性。
12、 标准化困境
事实上, 现场总线的国际标准已有 12种之多, 厂商的企业标准更多。 不幸的是, 多标准就意味着没有标准。
在基于 IEEE定义的现有开放式数控系统中, 实时通信接口极为复杂, 难以标准化, 只能耗費大量计算资源配置不同的通信系统。 这种状况导致 中国国家标准 "GB/T 18759.2-2006·机械电气设备 ·开放式数控系统*第 2部 分体系结构" 设置了 5.6款,要求支持各类现场总线(例如 CAN、Profibus、 Sercos 等)。 这种状况也是国标 《GB/T 18759.3-2009. 机械电气设备. 开 放式数控系统. 第 3部分: 总线接口与通信协议》刚刚颁布, 《机床数控系 统 NCUC-Bus现场总线协议规范 (草案)》 又急于推出的原因。
运动控制接口釆用现场总线产生上述标准化困境的根本原因在于网络 通信的不确定性以及由此造成的现场总线自身的复杂性。 现有数控系统现 场总线针对数控机床之类的单机, 套用计算机网络中的总线体系结构, 导 致运动控制接口复杂化, 反而阻碍了数控系统的标准化。
上述缺陷表明, 现有总线式数控系统基于 IEEE定义, 是一种实时的、 高度集中的计算机控制系统。 现有数控系统现场总线针对数控机床之类的 单机, 以 ISO/OSI开放系统互联参考模型为基础, 套用计算机网络中的总 线体系结构, 用于数控设备内部的功能部件之间的互联, 完全忽视了计算 机数字控制的过程特征, 完全忽视了数控设备区别于计算机网络的本质特 征。
现有数控系统现场总线不仅不能发挥现场总线在减少布线、 节省电缆 等空间优势, 其复杂性反而耗费了大量计算资源导致高成本, 其在系统调 试与运行维护等方面的困难反而降低了数控系统的可靠性与开放性, 造成 了运动控制接口的标准化困境。 发明内容
运动控制级是数控系统与伺服驱动装置之间的接口。 数控系统向伺服 驱动装置同步、 高速、 可靠地实时分配发送关于坐标轴位置的数字控制信 息是计算机数字控制的基本任务。 数字控制信息的生成过程与数字控制信 息的分配过程都是确定性的。 对于刀路曲线的加工过程而言, 数字控制信 息的分配过程是单向的非实时发送过程, 并非一种双向的实时通信过程, 这是计算机数字控制中运动控制级接口的本质。 现有数控系统现场总线并未抓住这一本质 , 产生了许多缺陷。
本发明基于数据流关联控制, 按照辅助过程与加工过程的不同过程特 征, 本发明将运动控制接口分为非实时串行接口与实时联动接口, 为开放 式数控系统提出一种运动控制接口及接口控制器。
特别是, 本发明提出的联动接口舍弃了现场总线技术中的复杂的周期 通信, 不存在通信周期, 将复杂的实时控制过程与实时通信过程转化为最 简单的单向发送联动脉冲, 为多轴联动提供了一种极为简单的实时同步机 制。
本发明的技术方案说明如下。
一种运动控制接口, 包括联动接口与串行接口;
所述联动接口包括状态字寄存器、 T指针、 T分割定时器、 脉冲发生 器;
所述状态字寄存器用于寄存状态字, 指定联动的坐标轴;
所述 T指针用于寄存随动表的当前地址;
所述 T分割定时器用于寄存随动表当前地址中的 ( i = l,..., n ), 产 生定时信号;
所述脉冲发生器用于根据所述 T分割定时器中的定时信号产生脉冲; 按照随动表中 Ati ( i = l,...,n )指定的控制节律, 所述联动接口用于 向所述状态字寄存器指定的伺服驱动装置发送联动命令;
所述串行接口用于向伺服驱动装置发送轴联动表; 所述轴联动表用于 存储坐标轴的 L分割分量, 控制该坐标轴产生轴位移。
进一步地, 所述联动接口还包括用于存储随动表的随动表文件存储 器、 读取随动表的文件读取模块。
进一步地, 所述串行接口为现场总线、 RS232与 RS485接口、 USB接 口或无线接口。
进一步地, 所述联动接口为 FPGA器件。
进一步地, 所述联动接口的每个数据位分别连接一个伺服驱动装置。 开放式数控系统的一种接口控制器, 包括微处理器、 运动控制接口、 实时控制模块;
所述运动控制接口包括随动表文件存储器、文件读取模块、联动接口、 串行接口;
所述随动表文件存储器用于存储随动表;
所述文件读取模块用于读取所述随动表;
所述联动接口包括状态字寄存器、 T指针、 T分割定时器、 脉冲发生 器;
所述状态字寄存器用于寄存状态字, 指定联动的坐标轴; 所述 T指针用于寄存随动表的当前地址;
所述 Τ分割定时器用于寄存随动表当前地址中的 ( i = 1,..., η ), 产 生定时信号;
所述脉冲发生器用于根据所述 Τ分割定时器中的定时信号产生脉冲; 所述联动接口用于向所述状态字寄存器指定的伺服驱动装置发送联 动命令; 所述联动接口的每个数据位分别连接一个伺服驱动装置;
所述串行接口用于向伺服驱动装置发送轴联动表; 所述轴联动表用于 存储坐标轴的 L分割分量, 控制该坐标轴产生轴位移;
所述实时控制模块包括联动坐标轴设置模块、 联动命令设置模块、 节 律控制模块、 终点控制模块;
所述联动坐标轴设置模块用于根据轨迹指令的顺序码, 将随动表的地 址写入 Τ指针, 从所述随动表中读取状态字并写入状态字寄存器, 指定联 动的坐标由;
所述联动命令设置模块用于根据所述 Τ指针, 读取随动表中的 ( i = l,..., n ) 并写入 T分割定时器;
所述 Τ分割定时器中的定时时间到, 所述节律控制模块用于启动脉冲 发生器输出脉冲, 通过联动接口向所述状态字寄存器指定的伺服驱动装置 发送联动命令;
根据所述 Τ指针, 所述终点控制模块用于控制所述轨迹指令的终点; 如果所述 Τ指针等于所述随动表的末地址, 即到达所述轨迹指令的终点, 关闭运行标志; 否则, Τ指针指向下一个△ 。 本发明与现有技术对比所具有的有益效果是:
1、 功能与结构高度简化、 完全开放、 使用方便、 价格低廉
在基于 IEEE定义的现有开放式数控系统中,釆用数控系统现场总线作 为运动控制接口, 通信周期与插补周期一样, 也成为一个系统参数。 现有 数控系统现场总线接口以 ISO/OSI开放系统互联参考模型为基础, 完全忽 视了数控设备区别于计算机网络的本质特征, 完全忽视了数控系统的过程 特征, 制约了实时控制过程的开放性, 功能与结构极为复杂, 调整维护困 难, 价格高昂。
本发明中的联动接口, 其功能与结构高度简化, 对用户完全开放, 无 须调整维护, 同步脉冲的发送速度极高, 使用方便, 价格低廉。
2、 高速高精度多轴同步能力
多轴同步驱动技术是现有数控技术中亟待解决的关键技术。 国家 "高 档数控机床与基础制造装备" 2009年度科技重大专项 "课题 18 全数字高 档数控装置" 将双轴同步驱动技术列为现有数控技术中的一项关键技术。 在基于 IEEE定义的开放式数控系统中, 多轴同步取决于现场总线中 周期通信的实时同步机制。
简单就是美。
在本发明中, 多轴同步取决于通过联动接口实时发送的联动命令, 联 动的坐标轴则由状态字指定。 所述联动命令为并行的同步脉冲, 所述状态 字为用户参数, 所述联动接口类似于状态字控制下的并行接口。 因此, 本 发明以极为简单的技术手段解决了多轴同步机制问题, 具有高速高精度的 同步能力, 从而将复杂的多轴同步驱动技术转化为简单的常规技术。
3、 高可靠性
通信过程暴露于恶劣的工业环境中, 是影响可靠性的主要因素之一。 在基于 IEEE定义的现有开放式数控系统中, 通信周期成为一个系统参数, 通信协议的实时性、 数据表示的兼容性等一系列问题导致内部通信高度复 杂化, 是影响可靠性的重要原因之一。 现有数控系统现场总线设置了数据 链路层, 采用重发纠错的技术手段, 耗费了大量计算资源反而削弱了实时 性, 降低了可靠性。
与现有数控系统现场总线中的周期通信中的实时过程对比, 本发明中 的联动接口只是简单地单向发送同步脉冲, 功能与结构高度简化, 具有高 可靠性。
4、 标准化
现场总线的国际标准多达 12个, 厂商的企业标准更多。 这种状况导致 中国国家标准 "GB/T 18759.2-2006·机械电气设备 ·开放式数控系统.第 2部分 体系结构"设置了 5.6款, 要求支持各类现场总线 (例如 CAN、 Profibus、 Sercos等 )。
不幸的是, 多标准就意味着没有标准。
在本发明中, 非实时接口为常规串行接口。 与现有数控系统现场总线 对比, 重要的是, 由于轴联动表的分配过程是非实时的, 轴联动表为标准 文件, 非实时串行接口不存在实时性问题因而无须实时同步机制, 不存在 周期通信因而通信周期不再是系统参数, 不存在规范通信协议的问题。 因 而, 非实时串行接口可以是任何标准串行接口, 包括现场总线、 RS232 与 RS485接口、 USB接口、 移动存储器、 无线接口等, 不存在标准化的问题。
在本发明中, 联动命令只是一个同步脉冲。 在发送端, 联动接口类似 按 ( i = l ,. . . , n) 的节律不断地重复传输状态字的并行接口; 在接收端, 一个伺服驱动装置分别与联动接口的一个数据位连接, 类似一根中断控制 线。 因此, 所述联动接口极易标准化。
综上所述, 与现有数控系统现场总线对比, 本发明提出的运动控制接 口具有开放的实时控制过程, 不存在通信协议与通信周期, 简单、 高速、 可靠的同步机制, 系统调试与运行维护简单, 使用方便, 价格低廉, 可以 标准化等显著效果。 附图说明 图 1为具体实施方式的功能模块图。 具体实施方式 工件的加工过程一般可划分为辅助过程、 换刀过程与走刀过程。
辅助过程涉及由 I/O装置控制的辅助功能与状态设置。
换刀过程涉及刀库控制。 对于换刀过程, 一般釆用常规的 PLC控制刀 库, 或采用软 PLC生成组合逻辑的控制流来控制换刀过程。 本发明不涉及 PLC及 I/O装置的控制方法。
因此, 在工件的加工过程中, 数控系统只有三种工作状态: 辅助功能 操作、 开关量控制、 刀路曲线的实时控制。 数据流关联控制用状态指令、 开关指令、 轨迹指令三类运动指令来描述这三种工作状态。
根据加工工艺确定的顺序, 用户使用状态指令、 开关指令、 轨迹指令 来描述工件的全部加工过程。
这种由加工工艺确定了顺序的运动指令之集合就是该工件加工过程的 数控加工程序, 本发明称之为 DRC数控程序。
DRC数控程序是数字控制信息制造系统所制造的数字化产品, 从而将 控制信息的传统形态, 如图纸、 G代码程序等予以完全数字化。
走刀过程涉及刀路曲线的实时控制。
所谓数字控制就是将刀路曲线离散为坐标轴所需要的离散位置信息并 以一定的时间间隔发送给伺服驱动装置, 控制坐标轴的合成位移。 坐标轴 的这种按一定的时间间隔分布的离散位置信息称之为关联数据流。
在数字控制技术中, " "0" 形式的离散位置信息应用广泛。 然而, 在许多情况下。 离散位置信息不是 "Γ "0" 形态, 而是坐标值增量。 " 1" "0" 形态的离散位置信息一般称为步进型关联数据流, 由坐标值增量构成 的关联数据流, 则称之为增量型关联数据流。
在一般情况下, 设联动的坐标轴为 X、 y、 Z、 A、 B等 5轴。 刀路曲线 ( Tool Path ) 为 X、 y、 Z、 A、 B等 5个变量的函数。
表 1为该刀路曲线的 5轴联动关联数据流的示意图。
表 1
Δΐι △t2 • .. At, • .. △tn
Figure imgf000014_0001
表 1中, 时间 T被离散分割为 η个区间: ( i = 1,..., n ), 称之为该 刀路曲线的 T分割。 X、 y、 Z、 A、 B等 5个变量在 内的坐标值增量为 △Xi、 Αγ,, △ 、 AA ΔΒι, 以 ALi CAX^ △ 、 △ 、 AA^ ΑΒ,) 表之, 微线段 称之为该刀路曲线的 L分割。
在实时控制过程中, X轴首先进给 ΔΧ 经过 后再进给 ΔΧ2, 直到 △Xn, y、 Z、 A、 B等轴也是如此。 因而, tn是冗余的故舍去。 另外, 为 了统一控制步骤, 增加 Μ。。 。与刀路曲线无关, 可适当设定, 例如, 将 At0 设定为 Atn。 将下标 0,1,..., n-1调整为 1,..., n。 为叙述的方便起见, 且有別 于插补周期, 将 T分割中的△ (i=l,...,n)称之为控制节律。
由此可见, 刀路曲线的数字控制信息包括两部分。 第一部分是 L分割, 描述相关坐标轴联动时的坐标值增量及其所要求的联动性, 用于控制相关 坐标轴联动以产生所要求的合成位移。 第二部分是 T分割, 描述所述合成 位移之间的随动性, 用于控制所述合成位移之间的时间间隔。 所述 L分割 还包括传动链之间的反向间隙、 螺距误差、 不垂直度与不平行度误差等确 定性误差或热变形误差之类的准确定性误差。
L分割在存储空间的数字映像称之为刀路曲线的联动表; T分割在存储 空间的数字映像称之为刀路曲线的随动表。
对于给定的 T分割 (i= l,...,n), 坐标轴的坐标值增量△ 、 △ 、 △ 、 ΔΑ,, ΔΒ,, 通过运动控制接口传输给 X、 y、 Z、 A、 B等伺服驱动 器; X、 y、 Z、 A、 B等伺服驱动器将 Z\Xi、 △ 、 △¾、 ΔΑι, △:¾写入 各自的位置环, 驱动 X、 y、 Z、 A、 B 等坐标轴进给, 实现合成位移 ( ΔΧ、 △ 、 △ 、 ΔΑί、 ΔΒι)„
在基于 IEEE定义的现有开放式数控系统中, L分割是在实时控制过 程中动态产生的。 控制节律△ (i=l,...,n) 称之为插补周期, 是等长的。 在实时操作系统的控制下, 插补迭代控制算法在插补周期 (i=l,...,n) 中生成 ALi (AXi、 △ 、 △ 、 ΔΑί、 ΔΒι)„ 插补周期从而成为一个系统 参数。
显然, 在基于 IEEE定义的现有开放式数控系统中, 运动控制接口的 通信能力, 包括通信周期、 通信协议的制订及划分、 实时同步机制等都对 数控系统的性能产生重大影响。
本技术基于数据流关联控制, 按照数字控制信息的生成、 分配、 发送、 执行的控制流程配置控制资源。
数字控制信息的生成过程与数字控制信息的分配过程都是确定性的。 对于刀路曲线的加工过程而言, 向伺服驱动装置分配坐标轴值增量是一种 单向的非实时传输过程, 并非一种双向的实时通信过程。 这是计算机数字 控制中运动控制接口的本质。 因而, 数字控制信息的生成与分配都是应该 在辅助过程完成的非实时任务。
数字控制信息生成部件基于 PC, 釆用离散几何规划生成刀路曲线的 L 分割并存储在联动表中; 所述 L分割用于控制坐标轴联动产生合成位移; 采用离散运动规划生成刀路曲线的 T分割并存储在随动表中; 所述 T分割 用于控制所述轴位移之间的时间间隔。
随动表中设置状态字, 用于标识该段曲线中联动的坐标。 状态字为一 个字节, 字节的位数可以为 32、 16、 8。 例如, 8位状态字可指定 8个联动 的坐标轴。 从低位到高位, 状态字的每位控制一个坐标轴的使能状态及数 据通道。例如,状态字 "11100000"指定 X、 y、 Z等 3轴、状态字 "00011000" 指定 A、 B等 2轴。
状态字的位数与个数为用户参数。 用户可通过状态指令设置状态字的 位数与字节数。
进而, 可将联动表中的 L分割 (△ 、 Ayi, △¾、 ΔΑι, ΔΒι ) 按△ 、 Ay,, △ 、 ΔΑ 分离为 5个独立的轴联动表。 如果将 X、 y、 Z、 A、 B等 5个轴联动表在辅助过程中分配给 X、 y、 Z、 A、 B等伺服驱 动装置并存储起来, 从而将△ 、 八 、 △ 、 AAi、 ABi的分配过程与实 时控制过程分离。
轴联动表用于存储各个坐标轴的 L分割分量, 控制该坐标轴产生轴位 移。 所述轴联动表可以在辅助过程中事先分配给相关的伺服驱动装置。 例 如, 通过诸如现场总线、 RS232与 RS485接口、 USB接口、 移动存储器、 无线接口等串行接口 , 轴联动表非实时地分配给伺服驱动装置。
数字控制信息分配过程非实时化后, 在刀路曲线的实时控制过程中, 为控制相关坐标轴进行联动, 只须按照状态字指定的坐标轴向相关伺服驱 动装置发送同步脉冲。 为叙述简单起见, 将状态字控制下的这组同步脉冲 称之为联动命令。
这样一来, 所谓刀路曲线的实时控制过程, 就是按照随动表中的控制 节律 Ati ( i = 1,..., n ) , 向状态字指定的伺服驱动装置单向发送联动命令, 控制相关伺服驱动装置从其轴联动表中读取坐标值增量并写入其位置环的 过程。
与现有数控系统现场总线对比, 轴联动表非实时地分配给伺服驱动装 置, 需要实时传输的控制信息简化为联动命令, 刀路曲线的实时控制过程 得以高度简化, 转化为最简单的联动命令的单向实时发送。 一条刀路曲线往往由多条曲线段构成。 本发明不按照曲线的几何结构 分段, 而是按联动的坐标轴分段。 每段曲线中联动的坐标轴相同, 用一条 轨迹指令来描述。 因而, 一条刀路曲线的加工过程往往使用多条轨迹指令。
轨迹指令为单字节指令, 其指令码为:
B7: 轨迹指令的标识, 例如, B7 = 0;
B6 ~ B。: 7位顺序码, 用于对轨迹指令编号。
轨迹指令的解释程序的地址码为系统参数, 运行时由系统自动导入。 顺序码在刀路曲线的轨迹指令与其所携带的联动表、 随动表之间建立 对应关系。
DRC数控程序、 随动表、 轴联动表由 PC系统生成。
DRC数控程序为可执行文件; 轴联动表、 随动表为数据文件。 DRC数 控程序、 轴联动表、 随动表均采用诸如 FAT16、 FAT32 等文件系统。 众所 周知, 文件系统是在磁盘上组织文件的方法。 FAT ( File Allocation Table ) 是一种广泛使用的标准化文件系统。 为了实现单片机系统的海量数据存储 并支持单片机系统与使用操作系统的计算机通过文件系统交换数据, 市场 上已开发出一些文件读取模块。 所述文件读取模块用于读取 FAT表、 FDT 表、 BPB 表等相关的扇区地址和数据区的地址, 无须配置操作系统, 从而 独立地完成文件管理的全部功能: 打开、 新建或删除文件、 枚举和搜索文 件、 支持长文件名等。
在开放式数控系统中, DRC数控程序的不同实施方案产生了不同的体 系结构。
在本实施例中, DRC数控程序通过串行接口非实时地分配给下位机。 该下位机虽然是一个嵌入式系统, 但无须配置操作系统, 因之, 本发明称 之为数据流控制器。
PC 系统通过另一串行接口将随动表发送给运动控制接口, 将 DRC数 控程序发送给数据流控制器。
数据流控制器运行 DRC数控程序,执行 DRC数控程序中的轨迹指令, 完成该轨迹指令所描述的刀路曲线的实时控制过程。
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行烊细描述。
如图 1所示的一种运动控制接口, 包括联动接口 1与串行接口 2; 联动接口 1包括状态字寄存器、 T指针、 T分割定时器、 脉沖发生器; 状态字寄存器用于寄存状态字, 指定联动的坐标轴; T指针用于寄存随动 表的当前地址; T分割定时器用于寄存随动表当前地址中的△ ( i = l,..., n ), 产生定时信号; 脉冲发生器用于根据所述 T分割定时器中的定时信号 产生脉冲;
按照随动表中 ( i = l,..., n )指定的控制节律, 联动接口 1用于向 所述状态字寄存器指定的伺服驱动装置发送联动命令; 联动接口 1的每个 数据位分别连接一个伺服驱动装置;
联动接口 1还包括用于存储随动表的随动表文件存储器、 读取随动表 的文件读取模块;
串行接口 2用于向外部的伺服驱动装置 100发送轴联动表; 所述轴联 动表用于存储坐标轴的 L分割分量, 控制该坐标轴产生轴位移。
如图 1所示的开放式数控系统的一种接口控制器, 包括微处理器 3、 运动控制接口、 实时控制模块 4
运动控制接口包括联动接口 1、 串行接口 2、 随动表文件存储器 5、 文 件读取模块 6。
实时控制模块 4包括联动坐标轴设置模块 41、 联动命令设置模块 42、 节律控制模块 43、 终点控制模块 44。
联动坐标轴设置模块 41用于根据轨迹指令的顺序码, 将随动表的地 址写入 T指针, 从所述随动表中读取状态字并写入状态字寄存器, 指定联 动的坐标轴。
联动命令设置模块 42用于根据所述 T指针, 读取随动表中的 Ati ( i = Ι,. , ., η ) 并写入 Τ分割定时器。
Τ分割定时器中的定时时间到,节律控制模块 43用于启动脉沖发生器 输出一个脉冲, 通过联动接口向所述状态字寄存器指定的伺服驱动装置发 送联动命令。
根据所述 Τ指针, 终点控制模块 44用于控制所述轨迹指令的终点; 如果所述 Τ指针等于所述随动表的末地址, 即到达所述轨迹指令的终点, 关闭运行标志; 否则, Τ指针指向下一个△ 。 按照辅助过程与加工过程的不同过程特征, 上述技术方案将运动控制 接口分为非实时串行接口与实时联动接口。
串行接口用于在辅助过程向伺服驱动装置非实时地分配轴联动表。 串 行接口为常规串行接口。 与现有数控系统现场总线对比, 重要的是, 由于 轴联动表的分配过程是非实时的, 轴联动表为标准文件, 串行接口不存在 实时性问题因而无须实时同步机制, 不存在周期通信因而通信周期不再是 系统参数, 不存在另外制定通信协议的问题。 因而, 非实时串行接口可以 是任何标准串行接口, 包括现场总线、 RS232与 RS485接口、 USB接口、 移动存储器、 无线接口等。 换言之, 在本技术方案中, 串行接口不存在标 准化的问题。
联动接口 1每个数据位分别连接 1个伺服驱动装置, 在发送端, 联动 接口类似按控制节律 (i = l,...,n) 的节律不断地重复传输状态字的并 行接口; 在接收端, 联动接口的每一位分别连接一个伺服驱动装置, 类似 一根中断控制线。 因而, 本技术方案所提出的联动接口为多轴联动提供了 一种极为简单的实时同步机制, 而且极易标准化。
在加工过程中, 数据流控制器运行轨迹指令时, 坐标轴联动的实时控 制过程化为下述过程:
1 )、 发送联动命令
步骤 1、 联动坐标轴设置步骤
根据轨迹指令的顺序码, 将随动表的首地址写入 T指针, 从随动表中 读取状态字并写入状态字寄存器, 指定联动的坐标轴;
步驟 2、 联动命令设置步骤
根据 T指针, 读取随动表中的 ( i = 1,..., n )并写入 T分割定时器; 步骤 3、 节律控制步驟
T分割定时器中的定时时间到, 启动脉冲发生器输出一个脉冲, 通过 联动接口 1向状态字寄存器指定的伺服驱动装置 100发送联动命令;
步驟 4、 终点控制步骤
如果 T指针等于随动表的末地址, 即到达所述轨迹指令的终点, 关闭 运行标志; 否则, T指针指向下一个 , 重复步驟 2至步骤 4。
2 )、 伺服驱动装置驱动坐标轴进给
伺服驱动装置接收轴联动表后, 将执行标志置 "1" ; 根据轨迹指令的 轴联动表的顺序码, 将轴联动表的首地址写入 L指针。
伺服驱动装置接收联动命令后, 跟随联动命令, 根据 L指针, 从轴联 动表中读取坐标值增量并写入位置环, 驱动坐标轴进给产生合成位移; L 指针加 1 , 直至 L指针等于轴联动表的末地址, 将执行标志置 "0" , 准备执 行下一条轨迹指令的轴联动表。
这样一来, 所谓刀路曲线的实时控制过程, 就是按照随动表中的控制 节律 ( i = 1,..., n ), 控制状态字寄存器指定的伺服驱动装置从轴联动表 中读取坐标值增量并写入其位置环的过程。 数据流控制器运行轨迹指令; 接口控制器产生联动命令; 伺服驱动装置跟随联动命令, 不断地驱动坐标 轴进给。 如此周而复始, 直至 T指针到达随动表的末地址, 即到达轨迹指 令的终点。
例如, 对于 X、 y、 Z、 A、 B等 5轴联动的刀路曲线, 状态字寄存器指 定的状态为 " 11111000", 其实时控制过程就是, 数据流控制器运行描述该 刀路曲线的轨迹指令, 接口控制器不断地从随动表中读取 ( i = l,..., n ) 并写入 T分割定时器, T分割定时器中的定时时间到, 向状态字寄存器指 定的 X、 y、 Z、 A、 B伺服驱动装置发送联动命令; X、 y、 Z、 A、 B等伺 服驱动装置不断地接收联动命令,按照 l,...,n )所指定的控制节律, 从 AX l,...,n)、
Figure imgf000019_0001
l"..,n)、△ ( i = 1,·.., n )、 ( ι = 1,..., n )、 (i= l,...,n) 等 5个轴联动表中读取△ 、 △ 、 △ 、 AA^ AB^ 写入位置环, 驱动坐标轴进给。 如此周而复始, 直至刀路曲线的终点。
上述联动命令的发送过程可以固化。 因而, 数据流控制器运行轨迹指 令时, 只须将运行标志置 "1", 然后查询运行标志, 一旦运行标志为 "0", 则执行下一条运动指令。
还可以采用 FPGA器件来构造运动控制接口 ,特别是其中的联动接口 , 为用户的扩展使用提供方便的技术手段。 以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说 明, 不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。 对于本发明所属技术 领域的普通技术人员来说, 在不脱离本发明构思的前提下, 还可以做出若 干简单推演或替换, 都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种运动控制接口, 包括联动接口与串行接口;
所述联动接口包括状态字寄存器、 T指针、 T分割定时器、 脉冲发生 器;
所述状态字寄存器用于寄存状态字, 指定联动的坐标轴;
所述 T指针用于寄存随动表的当前地址;
所述 T分割定时器用于寄存随动表当前地址中的 ( i = Ι,. , ., η ), 产 生定时信号;
所述脉冲发生器用于根据所述 Τ分割定时器中的定时信号产生脉冲; 按照随动表中△ ( i = l,...,n )指定的控制节律, 所述联动接口用于 向所述状态字寄存器指定的伺服驱动装置发送联动命令;
所述串行接口用于向伺服驱动装置发送轴联动表; 所述轴联动表用于 存储坐标轴的 L分割分量, 控制该坐标轴产生轴位移。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的运动控制接口, 其特征还在于, 所述联动接 口还包括用于存储随动表的随动表文件存储器、 读取随动表的文件读取模 块。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的运动控制接口, 其特征还在于, 所述串行接口 为现场总线、 RS232与 RS485接口、 USB接口或无线接口。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的运动控制接口, 其特征还在于, 所述联动接 口为 FPGA器件。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的运动控制接口, 其特征还在于, 所述联动接 口的每个数据位分别连接一个伺服驱动装置。
6、 一种开放式数控系统的接口控制器, 其特征在于, 包括微处理器、 运动控制接口、 实时控制模块;
所述运动控制接口包括随动表文件存储器、文件读取模块、联动接口、 串行接口;
所述随动表文件存储器用于存储随动表;
所述文件读取模块用于读取所述随动表;
所述联动接口包括状态字寄存器、 T指针、 T分割定时器、 脉冲发生 器; 所述状态字寄存器用于寄存状态字, 指定联动的坐标轴; 所述 T指针 用于寄存随动表的当前地址; 所述 T分割定时器用于寄存随动表当前地址 中的 ( i = l,...,n ), 产生定时信号; 所述脉冲发生器用于根据所述 T分 割定时器中的定时信号产生脉冲;
所述联动接口用于向所述状态字寄存器指定的伺服驱动装置发送联 动命令; 所述联动接口的每个数据位分别连接一个伺服驱动装置; 所述串行接口用于向伺服驱动装置发送轴联动表; 所述轴联动表用于 存储坐标轴的 L分割分量, 控制该坐标轴产生轴位移;
所述实时控制模块包括联动坐标轴设置模块、 联动命令设置模块、 节 律控制模块、 终点控制模块;
所述联动坐标轴设置模块用于根据轨迹指令的顺序码, 将随动表的地 址写入 T指针, 从所述随动表中读取状态字并写入状态字寄存器, 指定联 动的坐标轴;
所述联动命令设置模块用于根据所述 T指针, 读取随动表中的 Ati ( i = Ι,. , ., η ) 并写入 Τ分割定时器;
所述 Τ分割定时器中的定时时间到, 所述节律控制模块用于启动脉冲 发生器输出脉冲, 通过联动接口向所述状态字寄存器指定的伺服驱动装置 发送联动命令;
根据所述 Τ指针, 所述终点控制模块用于控制所述轨迹指令的终点; 如果所述 Τ指针等于所述随动表的末地址, 即到达所述轨迹指令的终点, 关闭运行标志; 否则, Τ指针指向下一个△ 。
7、 如权利要求 5所述的开放式数控系统的接口控制器, 其特征在于, 所述串行接口为现场总线、 RS232与 RS485接口、 USB接口或无线接口。
PCT/CN2012/074650 2011-07-22 2012-04-25 一种运动控制接口及接口控制器 WO2013013523A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 201110206677 CN102354162B (zh) 2011-07-22 2011-07-22 一种运动控制接口及接口控制器
CN201110206677.7 2011-07-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013013523A1 true WO2013013523A1 (zh) 2013-01-31

Family

ID=45577737

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2012/074650 WO2013013523A1 (zh) 2011-07-22 2012-04-25 一种运动控制接口及接口控制器

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN102354162B (zh)
WO (1) WO2013013523A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105334806A (zh) * 2015-11-21 2016-02-17 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一六研究所 基于EtherCAT总线的工业机器人运动控制方法和系统

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9323235B2 (en) * 2011-04-11 2016-04-26 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Industrial control system with distributed motion planning
CN102354162B (zh) * 2011-07-22 2013-06-12 江俊逢 一种运动控制接口及接口控制器
CN106647638B (zh) * 2016-11-09 2019-03-26 湖南戈人自动化科技有限公司 运动控制系统
CN108594051B (zh) * 2018-07-11 2020-11-10 华润水泥技术研发有限公司 一种电气设备故障自动检测方法和系统
CN109656178B (zh) * 2018-12-28 2021-06-11 合肥安迅精密技术有限公司 一种多轴柔化同步驱动方法及系统
CN114609974A (zh) * 2020-12-07 2022-06-10 山东新松工业软件研究院股份有限公司 一种开放式多轴联动数控系统及方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101382787A (zh) * 2007-09-07 2009-03-11 深圳市众为兴数控技术有限公司 一种基于fpga的高速运动控制卡装置
US7529599B1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2009-05-05 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for coordination motion instructions
CN101738987A (zh) * 2009-12-14 2010-06-16 上海交通大学 五轴运动控制卡
JP4584045B2 (ja) * 2005-06-20 2010-11-17 住友重機械工業株式会社 モーションコントローラ、通信制御モジュール、制御装置、及び制御方法
CN102354154A (zh) * 2011-07-22 2012-02-15 江俊逢 一种开放式数控系统的实时内核芯片
CN102354162A (zh) * 2011-07-22 2012-02-15 江俊逢 一种运动控制接口及接口控制器

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4233540B2 (ja) * 2005-04-13 2009-03-04 ファナック株式会社 テーブル形式データを用いて各軸モータを駆動する数値制御装置
CN100370383C (zh) * 2005-10-31 2008-02-20 西安交通大学 柔性数字式运动控制系统
CN100524122C (zh) * 2007-01-15 2009-08-05 大连光洋科技工程有限公司 专用于全数字环形总线数控系统的总线控制器
CN201689326U (zh) * 2010-01-06 2010-12-29 南京工程学院 高速实时联动控制电路及芯片

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7529599B1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2009-05-05 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for coordination motion instructions
JP4584045B2 (ja) * 2005-06-20 2010-11-17 住友重機械工業株式会社 モーションコントローラ、通信制御モジュール、制御装置、及び制御方法
CN101382787A (zh) * 2007-09-07 2009-03-11 深圳市众为兴数控技术有限公司 一种基于fpga的高速运动控制卡装置
CN101738987A (zh) * 2009-12-14 2010-06-16 上海交通大学 五轴运动控制卡
CN102354154A (zh) * 2011-07-22 2012-02-15 江俊逢 一种开放式数控系统的实时内核芯片
CN102354162A (zh) * 2011-07-22 2012-02-15 江俊逢 一种运动控制接口及接口控制器

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105334806A (zh) * 2015-11-21 2016-02-17 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一六研究所 基于EtherCAT总线的工业机器人运动控制方法和系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102354162A (zh) 2012-02-15
CN102354162B (zh) 2013-06-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2013013523A1 (zh) 一种运动控制接口及接口控制器
CN103753534B (zh) 一种移动机器人控制器及其控制方法
WO2019109502A1 (zh) 一种基于物联网的数控机床智能监控网关
CN104786221B (zh) 一种基于以太网的开放式机械手控制方法
CN100370380C (zh) 一种开放式可重组软数控系统
CN107695775B (zh) 基于cps的重型数控机床热误差补偿控制系统及热误差补偿方法
CN103676781B (zh) 一种基于西门子840d二次界面的误差动态补偿系统
CN101266482A (zh) 基于单片机的四轴运动控制卡
WO2013013522A1 (zh) 可重构计算机数字控制系统与数字控制方法、重构方法
US9709974B2 (en) Open numeric control system with real time kernel and a real-time control method of a tool path
CN107765629A (zh) 一种基于软PLC和EtherCAT总线的DELTA2机器人控制系统
CN103941642A (zh) 热误差智能检测补偿系统
CN101013316A (zh) 一种总线式数控系统及其控制方法
Xu et al. Research and development of open CNC system based on PC and motion controller
CN110480658A (zh) 一种融合视觉自标定的六轴机器人控制系统
CN112282850A (zh) 一种可全方位信息采集的隧道掘进信息采集平台
TWI427448B (zh) 多軸同動機械之程式轉換模組及程式轉換方法
CN102520689A (zh) 基于龙芯处理器和fpga技术的嵌入式控制器
CN201035392Y (zh) 一种总线式数控系统
CN1455566A (zh) 现场总线分散控制站
US20170031856A1 (en) Method and Peripheral Module for Transmitting Highway Addressable Remote Transducer (HART) Variables and CPU Unit for Reading the HART Variables
CN101699361B (zh) 一种标准化控制机
CN111650886A (zh) 一种运动控制系统
CN102354154B (zh) 一种开放式数控系统的实时内核芯片
CN202351691U (zh) 基于龙芯处理器和fpga技术的嵌入式控制器

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 12818256

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

32PN Ep: public notification in the ep bulletin as address of the adressee cannot be established

Free format text: NOTING OF LOSS OF RIGHTS PURSUANT TO RULE 112(1) EPC (EPO FORM 1205A DATED 30/06/2014)

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 12818256

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1