WO2013013459A1 - Antenne cassegrain à micro-ondes - Google Patents

Antenne cassegrain à micro-ondes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013013459A1
WO2013013459A1 PCT/CN2011/082813 CN2011082813W WO2013013459A1 WO 2013013459 A1 WO2013013459 A1 WO 2013013459A1 CN 2011082813 W CN2011082813 W CN 2011082813W WO 2013013459 A1 WO2013013459 A1 WO 2013013459A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metamaterial
refractive index
layer
substrate
radius
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/082813
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘若鹏
季春霖
岳玉涛
Original Assignee
深圳光启高等理工研究院
深圳光启创新技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN 201110210317 external-priority patent/CN102487160B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201110210399.2A external-priority patent/CN102904042B/zh
Application filed by 深圳光启高等理工研究院, 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 filed Critical 深圳光启高等理工研究院
Publication of WO2013013459A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013013459A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/10—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism comprising three-dimensional array of impedance discontinuities, e.g. holes in conductive surfaces or conductive discs forming artificial dielectric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0053—Selective devices used as spatial filter or angular sidelobe filter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of antennas, and more particularly to a feedforward microwave antenna. ⁇ Background technique ⁇
  • a spherical wave radiated from a point source located at a focus of a lens is refracted by a lens to become a plane wave.
  • the lens antenna is composed of a lens and a radiator placed at the focus of the lens. The antenna is concentrated by the characteristics of the lens convergence, and the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiator is concentrated by the lens and then emitted.
  • the convergence of the lens is achieved by the refraction of the spherical shape of the lens.
  • the spherical wave emitted by the radiator 1000 is concentrated by the spherical lens 2000 and then emitted as a plane wave.
  • the lens antenna has at least the following technical problems:
  • the spherical lens 1000 is bulky and cumbersome, which is disadvantageous for miniaturization; the spherical lens 1000 has a large dependence on the shape and requires relatively accurate
  • the directional propagation of the antenna is realized; the electromagnetic wave reflection interference and loss are relatively serious, and the electromagnetic energy is reduced. Partial reflection occurs when electromagnetic waves pass through the interface of different media.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a microwave antenna having a small volume, a good antenna front-to-back ratio, a high gain, and a long transmission distance, in view of the above-mentioned defects of large reflection loss and reduced electromagnetic energy.
  • a feedforward microwave antenna comprising: a radiation source, a first metamaterial panel for diverging electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiation source, and converting the electromagnetic wave into a plane wave.
  • a second metamaterial panel comprising: a radiation source, a first metamaterial panel for diverging electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiation source, and converting the electromagnetic wave into a plane wave.
  • the first metamaterial panel comprises a first substrate and a plurality of third man-made metal microstructures or a third manhole structure periodically arranged on the first substrate;
  • the material panel comprises a core layer comprising a plurality of core metamaterial sheets having the same refractive index distribution, and a refractive index of each of the core metamaterial sheets is circularly distributed, and the core point of the core metamaterial layer is The center of the circle has the largest refractive index.
  • the core metamaterial sheet comprises a core metamaterial sheet substrate and a plurality of first man-made metal microstructures or first manhole structures periodically arranged on the core metamaterial sheet substrate.
  • the second metamaterial panel further includes a first graded metamaterial sheet to an Nth grade metamaterial sheet symmetrically disposed on both sides of the core layer, wherein the symmetrically disposed two layers of the Nth grade metamaterial layer Both are close to the core layer; the refractive index of each graded metamaterial sheet is circularly distributed, with the center point of each graded metamaterial layer as the center, the refractive index at the center of the circle is the largest, and the gradient metamaterials are increased from the radius
  • the maximum refractive index of the layer is continuously reduced to the same minimum refractive index n Q of the graded metamaterial sheet and the core metamaterial sheet and the same refractive index at the same radius; the first graded metamaterial sheet to The maximum refractive index of the Nth grade metamaterial sheet is respectively, n 2 , n 3 ...!
  • each graded metamaterial sheet comprises a graded metamaterial sheet substrate and periodically arranged on the surface of the graded metamaterial sheet substrate A plurality of second man-made metal microstructures or a second manhole structure; all of the graded metamaterial sheets and all of the core metamaterial sheets constitute a functional layer of the second metamaterial panel.
  • the second meta-material panel further includes a first matching layer to an M-th matching layer symmetrically disposed on two sides of the functional layer, wherein the symmetrically disposed two-layer M-th matching layer is adjacent to the first progressive meta-material sheet a refractive index distribution of each of the matching layers is uniform, the refractive index of the first matching layer close to the free space is substantially equal to the refractive index of the free space, and the refractive index of the Mth matching layer adjacent to the first graded metamaterial sheet is substantially equal to the first gradient
  • the supermaterial sheet has a minimum refractive index n Q .
  • the core metamaterial layer is centered on the center point of the core metamaterial sheet, and the refractive index at the radius r is: ⁇ 2 + / 2 - ss
  • n p represents the maximum refractive index value of the core metamaterial sheet
  • n Q represents the minimum refractive index value of the core metamaterial sheet
  • ss represents the vertical distance of the radiation source from the first graded metamaterial sheet The distance, / represents the maximum radius value of the core metamaterial sheet.
  • the center point of the i-th grade metamaterial layer is centered, and the refractive index at the radius r is:
  • the maximum refractive index value of the first graded metamaterial sheet in the first graded metamaterial sheet to the nth grade metamaterial sheet is represented, and n Q represents the same minimum value of each graded metamaterial sheet
  • the refractive index value, ss represents the vertical distance of the radiation source from the first graded metamaterial sheet, and / represents the same maximum radius value of each graded metamaterial sheet.
  • a plurality of the first artificial metal microstructures periodically arranged on the core metamaterial sheet substrate have a dimensional change rule: a plurality of the first artificial metal microstructures have the same geometric shape, the first The artificial metal microstructure is circularly distributed on the core metamaterial sheet substrate, and the center point of the core metamaterial sheet substrate is centered, and the first man-made metal microstructure at the center of the circle has the largest size, and the radius increases. Large, the first man-made metal microstructure of the corresponding radius is reduced in size and the first man-made metal microstructures at the same radius are the same size.
  • the second man-made metal microstructure periodically arranged on the first layer of the graded metamaterial sheet substrate has a dimensional change rule: the plurality of the second man-made metal microstructures have the same geometric shape, the first The second artificial metal microstructure is circularly distributed on the first layer of the graded metamaterial sheet substrate, and the center of the first layer of the graded metamaterial sheet substrate is centered, and the second man-made metal microstructure size at the center of the circle Maximize, as the radius increases, the second man-made metal microstructure of the corresponding radius decreases in size and the second man-made metal microstructures at the same radius are the same size.
  • the first artificial hole structure is filled with a medium having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the core metamaterial sheet substrate, and a plurality of the first artificial holes periodically arranged in the substrate of the core metamaterial sheet layer.
  • the arrangement of the structure is as follows: a plurality of the first artificial hole structures are circularly distributed with the center point of the core metamaterial sheet substrate as a center, and the first artificial hole structure at the center of the circle has the smallest volume, and the first radius at the same radius
  • the artificial pore structure has the same volume, and as the radius increases, the volume of the first artificial pore structure increases.
  • the first artificial hole structure is filled with a medium having a refractive index greater than a refractive index of the core metamaterial sheet substrate, and a plurality of the first artificial holes periodically arranged in the substrate of the core metamaterial sheet layer
  • the arrangement of the structure is as follows: a plurality of the first artificial hole structures are circularly distributed with the center point of the core metamaterial sheet substrate as a center, and the first artificial hole structure at the center of the circle has the largest volume, and the first at the same radius
  • the artificial pore structure has the same volume, and as the radius increases, the volume of the first artificial pore structure decreases.
  • the second artificial hole structure is filled with a medium having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the first layer of the graded metamaterial sheet substrate, and is periodically arranged in the first layer of the graded metamaterial sheet substrate.
  • the arrangement of the second artificial hole structure is such that a plurality of the second artificial hole structures are circularly distributed with the center point of the first layer of the graded metamaterial sheet base material, and the second artificial hole structure at the center of the circle has the smallest volume
  • the second artificial hole structure at the same radius has the same volume, and as the radius increases, the second artificial hole structure increases in volume.
  • the second artificial hole structure is filled with a medium having a refractive index greater than a refractive index of the first layer of the graded metamaterial sheet substrate, and is periodically arranged in the first layer of the graded metamaterial sheet substrate.
  • the arrangement of the second artificial hole structure is: a plurality of the second artificial hole structures are circularly distributed with the center point of the first layer of the graded metamaterial sheet base material, and the second artificial hole structure at the center of the circle is the largest.
  • the second artificial hole structure at the same radius has the same volume, and as the radius increases, the second artificial hole structure decreases in volume.
  • the plurality of first man-made metal microstructures, the plurality of second man-made metal microstructures, and the plurality of third man-made metal microstructures have the same geometry.
  • the geometry is a "work" shape comprising a vertical first metal branch and a second metal branch located at both ends of the first metal branch and perpendicular to the first metal branch.
  • the geometry further includes a third metal branch located at both ends of the second metal branch and perpendicular to the second metal branch.
  • the geometry is a flat snowflake type comprising two first metal branches perpendicular to each other and a second metal branch located at both ends of the first metal branch and perpendicular to the first metal branch.
  • the refractive index of the first metamaterial panel is circular, with the center point of the first metamaterial panel as a center, the refractive index at the center of the circle is the smallest, and the refractive index of the corresponding radius increases as the radius increases. And the refractive index is the same at the same radius.
  • the first meta-material panel is composed of a plurality of first meta-material sheets having the same refractive index distribution; a plurality of the third artificial metal microstructures are circularly distributed on the first substrate, The center point of a substrate is a center, and the third man-made metal microstructure at the center of the circle has the smallest size. As the radius increases, the third man-made metal microstructure corresponding to the radius increases in size and the third man-made metal microstructure at the same radius The same size.
  • the first meta-material panel is composed of a plurality of first meta-material sheets having the same refractive index distribution; the third artificial hole structure is filled with a medium having a refractive index smaller than that of the first substrate, and is periodically arranged.
  • the arrangement of the third manhole structure in the first substrate is: a plurality of the third manhole structures are
  • the first substrate has a circular distribution with the center point of the first substrate as a center, the third manhole structure at the center of the circle has the smallest volume, and the third manhole structure at the same radius has the same volume, with the radius increasing.
  • the third artificial hole structure increases in volume.
  • the first meta-material panel is composed of a plurality of first meta-material sheets having the same refractive index distribution; the third artificial hole structure is filled with a medium having a refractive index greater than a refractive index of the first substrate, and is periodically arranged.
  • the arrangement of the third artificial hole structure in the first substrate is: a plurality of the third artificial hole structures are circularly distributed in the first substrate, and the center point of the first substrate is centered.
  • the third artificial hole structure at the center of the circle has the largest volume, and the third artificial hole structure at the same radius has the same volume. As the radius increases, the volume of the third artificial hole structure decreases.
  • the feedforward microwave antenna further includes a casing that forms a closed cavity with the second metamaterial panel, and a absorbing material is attached to the inside of the casing wall that is in contact with the second metamaterial panel.
  • the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radiation source is converted into a plane wave by designing a refractive index change on the core layer and the graded layer of the metamaterial panel, and the convergence performance of the antenna is greatly improved.
  • the reflection loss is reduced, the electromagnetic energy is reduced, the transmission distance is enhanced, and the antenna performance is improved.
  • the present invention also provides a metamaterial having a diverging function in the front stage of the radiation source, thereby increasing the range of the close-range radiation of the radiation source, so that the microwave antenna as a whole can be made smaller in size.
  • the invention adopts an artificial metal microstructure or a man-made hole structure to form a metamaterial, and has the advantages of simple process and low cost.
  • 1 is a schematic view showing a concentrated spherical wave of a conventional spherical lens antenna
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective structural view of a basic unit constituting a metamaterial according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a feedforward microwave antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a first metamaterial sheet constituting a first metamaterial panel in a feedforward microwave antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a second metamaterial panel in a feedforward microwave antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a view showing the first embodiment of the present invention capable of responding to electromagnetic waves to change the basic unit of the metamaterial a geometric topological pattern of the man-made metal microstructure of the first preferred embodiment of the radiance;
  • Figure 7 is a derivative pattern of the artificial metal microstructure geometry topographic pattern of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a geometric topographical pattern of a man-made metal microstructure of a second preferred embodiment of the first embodiment of the present invention which is capable of responding to electromagnetic waves to change the refractive index of the meta-material base unit;
  • Figure 9 is a derivative pattern of the artificial metal microstructure geometry topographic pattern of Figure 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a basic unit constituting a metamaterial according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a microwave antenna according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a first metamaterial sheet constituting a first metamaterial panel in a feedforward microwave antenna according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view showing the structure of a second metamaterial panel according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a matching layer of a second metamaterial panel in a microwave antenna according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the dielectric constant and magnetic permeability of each point of the material are the same or different, so that the dielectric constant and magnetic permeability of the material are arranged regularly, and the magnetic permeability and the regular arrangement are regularly arranged.
  • the electrical constant allows the material to have a macroscopic response to electromagnetic waves, such as converging electromagnetic waves, diverging electromagnetic waves, and the like. This type of material with regularly arranged magnetic permeability and dielectric constant is called a metamaterial.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing the basic unit constituting the metamaterial in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the basic unit of the metamaterial includes the artificial microstructure 1 and the substrate 2 to which the artificial microstructure is attached.
  • the artificial microstructure is an artificial metal microstructure
  • the artificial metal microstructure has a planar or stereo topology capable of responding to an incident electromagnetic wave electric field and/or a magnetic field, and changes the artificial metal microstructure on each metamaterial basic unit.
  • the pattern and/or size can change the response of each metamaterial base unit to incident electromagnetic waves.
  • the basic units of a plurality of metamaterials are arranged according to a certain regularity, so that the metamaterial has a macro for electromagnetic waves. The response of the view.
  • each metamaterial basic unit to the incident electromagnetic wave needs to form a continuous response, which requires that the size of each metamaterial basic unit is one tenth to five fifths of the incident electromagnetic wave.
  • it is preferably one tenth of the incident electromagnetic wave.
  • we artificially divide the supermaterial into a plurality of basic units of metamaterials but it should be understood that this method of division is only convenient for description, and should not be regarded as supermaterial being spliced or assembled by multiple metamaterial basic units.
  • the super material is formed by arranging the artificial metal microstructure period on the substrate, and the process is simple and the cost is low.
  • the periodic arrangement means that the man-made metal microstructures on the basic units of each metamaterial divided by us can produce a continuous electromagnetic response to incident electromagnetic waves.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a feedforward microwave antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the feedforward microwave antenna of the present invention comprises a radiation source 20, a first metamaterial panel 30, a second metamaterial panel 10, and a casing 40.
  • the radiation source 20 emits an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 12.4 GHz to 18G. hertz.
  • the second metamaterial panel 10 and the outer casing 40 form a sealed cavity.
  • the sealed cavity has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, but in practical applications, since the size of the radiation source 20 is smaller than the size of the second metamaterial panel 10, the sealed cavity is mostly conical.
  • the absorbing material 50 is disposed on the inner side of the outer wall of the outer surface of the outer surface of the second metamaterial panel 10.
  • the absorbing material 50 may be a conventional absorbing coating or an absorbing sponge, and the radiation source 20 is partially radiated to the absorbing material 50.
  • the electromagnetic waves on the upper side are absorbed by the absorbing material 50 to enhance the front-to-back ratio of the antenna.
  • the outer casing opposite to the second metamaterial panel 10 is made of a metal or polymer material, and electromagnetic waves partially radiated from the radiation source 20 to the metal or polymer material outer shell are reflected to the second metamaterial panel 10 or the first metamaterial panel. 30 to further enhance the front-to-back ratio of the antenna.
  • the other three inner side surfaces except the second metamaterial panel 10 are provided with the absorbing material 50.
  • an antenna shield (not shown) is disposed at a half wavelength from the second metamaterial panel 10, and the antenna shield protects the second metamaterial panel from the external environment, where the half wavelength refers to Half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radiation source 20.
  • the first metamaterial panel 30 can be directly attached to the radiation port of the radiation source 20, but when the first metamaterial panel 30 is directly attached to the radiation port of the radiation source 20, the electromagnetic wave portion radiated by the radiation source 20 is A metamaterial panel 30 reflects energy loss, so in the present invention, the first metamaterial panel 30 is secured in front of the radiation source 20 by a bracket 60.
  • the first metamaterial panel 30 is composed of a plurality of first metamaterial sheets 300 having the same refractive index distribution, as shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the first metamaterial sheet 300 in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first metamaterial sheet 300 includes a first substrate 301 and a plurality of third man-made metal microstructures 302 periodically arranged on the first substrate, preferably, a plurality of third man-made metal micro-
  • the structure 302 is also covered with a cover layer 303 such that the third artificial metal microstructure 302 is encapsulated, and the cover layer 303 is equal to the first substrate material 302 and of equal thickness.
  • the thickness of the cover layer 303 and the first substrate 302 are both 0.4 mm, and the thickness of the artificial metal microstructure layer is 0.018 mm, so that the thickness of the entire first metamaterial sheet is 0.818 mm.
  • the thickness of all of the metamaterial sheets of the present invention is greatly advantageous over conventional convex mirror antennas.
  • the basic unit constituting the first metamaterial sheet 300 is still as shown in Fig. 2, but the first metamaterial sheet 300 is required to have a function of radiating electromagnetic waves, and according to the electromagnetic principle, the electromagnetic waves are deflected in a direction in which the refractive index is large. Therefore, the refractive index change rule on the first metamaterial sheet layer 300 is: the first metamaterial sheet layer 300 has a circular refractive index, the refractive index at the center of the circle is the smallest, and the refractive index corresponding to the radius increases with the radius. It also increases and has the same refractive index at the same radius.
  • the first metamaterial sheet 300 having such a refractive index distribution causes the electromagnetic waves radiated from the radiation source 20 to be diverged, thereby increasing the close range of the radiation source, so that the feedforward microwave antenna as a whole can be made smaller.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective structural view of a second metamaterial panel according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the second metamaterial panel 10 includes a core layer composed of a plurality of core metamaterial sheets 11 having the same refractive index distribution; a first graded metamaterial sheet 101 symmetrically disposed on both sides of the core layer to The N-th grade metamaterial sheet, in this embodiment, the graded metamaterial sheet is the first graded metamaterial sheet 101, the second graded metamaterial sheet 102, and the third graded metamaterial sheet 103; all graded metamaterials
  • the sheet layer and all of the core metamaterial sheets constitute the second metamaterial panel a functional layer; a first matching layer 111 to an Mth matching layer symmetrically disposed on both sides of the functional layer, each of the matching layers having a uniform refractive index distribution and a first matching layer 111 close to the free space having a refractive index substantially equal to a free space refractive index,
  • the refractive index of the last matching layer adjacent to the first graded metamaterial sheet is substantially equal to the minimum refractive index of the first graded metamaterial sheet 101; in this embodiment, the matching layer
  • Both the graded metamaterial sheet and the matching layer have the effect of reducing the reflection of electromagnetic waves and functioning as impedance matching and phase compensation. Therefore, it is a more preferable embodiment to provide a graded metamaterial sheet and a matching layer.
  • the matching layer structure is similar to the first metamaterial sheet layer, and is composed of a cover layer and a substrate.
  • the difference from the first metamaterial sheet layer is that the cover layer and the substrate are all filled with air, and the cover layer and the substrate are changed.
  • the spacing is varied to change the duty cycle of the air such that each matching layer has a different index of refraction.
  • the basic units constituting the core metamaterial sheet and the graded metamaterial sheet are as shown in FIG. 2, and in the present invention, in order to simplify the manufacturing process, the size structure of the core metamaterial sheet and the graded metamaterial sheet and the first super
  • the layers of material are the same, that is, each of the core metamaterial sheets and the graded metamaterial sheets are composed of a 0.4 mm cover layer, a 0.4 mm substrate, and a 0.018 mm man made metal microstructure.
  • the first man-made metal microstructure, the second man-made metal microstructure, and the third man-made metal microstructure of the core metamaterial sheet, the graded metamaterial sheet, and the first metamaterial sheet are respectively formed. All the same.
  • the refractive indices on the core metamaterial layer and the graded metamaterial sheet are circularly distributed, with the center point of each supermaterial sheet as the center, the refractive index at the center of the circle is the largest, and the radius is corresponding to the radius. The rate is reduced and the refractive index at the same radius is the same.
  • the core metamaterial sheet has a maximum refractive index n p , and the maximum refractive indices of the first graded metamaterial to the Nth grade metamaterial sheet are respectively ⁇ , , n 3 n n , where n ⁇ n ⁇ n ⁇ n ⁇ n ⁇ i
  • the core metamaterial layer is centered on the center point of the core metamaterial sheet, and the refractive index at the radius r is: ⁇ 2 + / 2 - ss
  • n p represents the maximum refractive index value of the core metamaterial sheet
  • n Q represents the minimum refractive index value of the core metamaterial sheet
  • ss represents the radiation source from the first graded metamaterial sheet
  • the vertical distance, Z represents the maximum radius value of the core metamaterial sheet.
  • the first graded metamaterial sheet to the first graded metamaterial sheet layer of the first graded metamaterial sheet layer is centered on the center point of the first graded metamaterial layer, and the refractive index at a radius r is: Ss + / - ss
  • the overall refractive index distribution relationship between the first metamaterial panel and the second metamaterial panel is discussed in detail above. From the principle of metamaterials, the size and pattern of the artificial metal microstructure attached to the substrate directly determine the refractive index of each point of the metamaterial. value. At the same time, according to the experiment, the larger the size of the man-made metal micro-structure of the same geometry, the larger the refractive index of the corresponding meta-material basic unit.
  • the plurality of first artificial metal microstructures, the plurality of second artificial metal microstructures, and the plurality of third artificial metal microstructures have the same geometric shape, thus constituting the first of the first metamaterial panels
  • the third man-made metal microstructure arrangement on the super-material sheet layer is: the plurality of third man-made metal microstructures have the same geometry, and the third man-made metal microstructures are circularly distributed on the first substrate. Taking the center point of the first substrate as a center, the third man-made metal microstructure at the center of the circle has the smallest size, and as the radius increases, the size of the third man-made metal microstructure corresponding to the radius also increases and the same radius The three man-made metal microstructures are the same size.
  • the second artificial metal microstructure arrangement on the graded metamaterial sheet is: the plurality of second artificial metal microstructures have the same geometric shape, and the second artificial metal microstructure is on the graded metamaterial sheet substrate
  • the circular distribution is centered on the center point of the graded metamaterial sheet substrate, and the second man-made metal microstructure at the center of the circle has the largest size. As the radius increases, the second man-made metal microstructure size corresponding to the radius is reduced.
  • the second man-made metal microstructures that are small and at the same radius are the same size.
  • the first man-made metal microstructure arrangement on the core metamaterial sheet layer is: the plurality of first man-made metal microstructures have the same geometric shape, and the first man-made metal microstructure is on the core metamaterial sheet substrate
  • the circular distribution is centered on the center point of the core metamaterial sheet substrate, and the first artificial metal microstructure at the center of the circle has the largest size. As the radius increases, the size of the first artificial metal microstructure corresponding to the radius is reduced.
  • the first man-made metal microstructures that are small and at the same radius are the same size.
  • the geometry of the man-made metal microstructure that satisfies the refractive index profile requirements of the first metamaterial panel and the second metamaterial panel described above is various, but is basically a geometry that is responsive to incident electromagnetic waves. The most typical is the "work" shaped artificial metal microstructure. Several artificial metal microstructures are described in detail below. What shape.
  • the first metamaterial panel and the second metamaterial panel can adjust the size of the artificial metal microstructure according to the required maximum refractive index and minimum refractive index to meet the requirements, and the adjustment manner can be calculated by computer simulation or manually. Since it is not the focus of the present invention, it will not be described in detail.
  • Fig. 6 is a geometrical topology diagram of the man-made metal microstructure of the first preferred embodiment of the first embodiment of the present invention which is capable of responding to electromagnetic waves to change the refractive index of the base element of the supermaterial.
  • the man-made metal microstructure has a "work" shape, including a vertical first metal branch 1021 and a second metal branch 1022 that is perpendicular to the first metal branch 1021 and located at opposite ends of the first metal branch
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram A derivative pattern of the man-made metal microstructure geometry topography pattern includes not only the first metal branch 1021 and the second metal branch 1022, and a third metal branch 1023 is vertically disposed at each end of each of the second metal branches.
  • Figure 8 is a geometric topographical pattern of a man-made metal microstructure of a second preferred embodiment of the first embodiment of the present invention which is responsive to electromagnetic waves to alter the refractive index of the meta-material base unit.
  • the man-made metal microstructure is a flat snowflake type, including a first metal branch 102 ⁇ perpendicular to each other and two first metal branches 102 ⁇ are vertically disposed with a second metal branch 1022';
  • FIG. 9 is FIG.
  • a derivative pattern of the artificial metal microstructure geometry topology pattern includes not only two first metal branches 1021, but also four second metal branches 1022', and the fourth metal branches 1023' are vertically disposed at both ends of the four second metal branches.
  • the first metal branches 102 ⁇ are equal in length and intersect perpendicular to the midpoint
  • the second metal branches 1022 ′ are of equal length and the midpoint is at the end of the first metal branch
  • the third metal branch 1023 ′ is of equal length and the midpoint is at the second metal
  • the end points of the branches; the arrangement of the above metal branches makes the artificial metal microstructures is isotropic, that is, the artificial metal microstructures rotated 90° in any direction in the plane of the artificial metal microstructures can coincide with the original artificial metal microstructures.
  • the use of isotropic man-made metal microstructures simplifies design and reduces interference.
  • Fig. 10 is a perspective structural view showing a basic unit constituting a metamaterial in a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the basic unit of the metamaterial comprises a substrate 2' and an artificial pore structure ⁇ formed in the substrate 2'. Forming an artificial pore structure ⁇ in the substrate 2' such that the dielectric constant and magnetic permeability of the substrate 2' differs with the volume of the artificial pore structure, so that each metamaterial base unit has an incident wave of the same frequency Have different electromagnetic responses.
  • the arrangement of a plurality of metamaterial basic units in a regular pattern enables the metamaterial to have a macroscopic response to electromagnetic waves.
  • the size of the metamaterial base unit is one tenth to one fifth of the incident electromagnetic wave, preferably one tenth of the incident electromagnetic wave.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a microwave antenna according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the microwave antenna of the present invention comprises a radiation source 20, a first metamaterial panel 30', a second metamaterial panel 10' and a casing 40.
  • the radiation source 20 emits an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 12.4 Hz to 18 GHz.
  • the second metamaterial panel 10' and the outer casing 40 form a sealed cavity.
  • the sealed cavity is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, but in practical applications, since the size of the radiation source 20 is smaller than the size of the second metamaterial panel 10', the sealed cavity is mostly conical.
  • the absorbing material 50 is disposed on the inner side of the outer wall of the outer surface of the second metamaterial panel 10'.
  • the absorbing material 50 may be a conventional absorbing coating or an absorbing sponge.
  • the radiation source 20 is partially radiated to the absorbing material.
  • the electromagnetic waves on 50 are absorbed by the absorbing material 50 to enhance the front-to-back ratio of the antenna.
  • the outer casing opposite to the second metamaterial panel 10' is made of metal or polymer material, and the electromagnetic wave partially radiated to the metal or polymer material shell of the radiation source 20 is reflected to the second metamaterial panel 10' or the first super
  • the material panel 30' further enhances the front-to-back ratio of the antenna.
  • the other three inner side surfaces except the second metamaterial panel 10' are provided with the absorbing material 50.
  • an antenna shield (not shown) is disposed at a half wavelength of the first metamaterial panel 10', and the antenna shield protects the second metamaterial panel from the external environment, where the half wavelength is Refers to half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radiation source 20.
  • the first metamaterial panel 30' can be directly attached to the radiation port of the radiation source 20, but when the first metamaterial panel 30' is directly attached to the radiation port of the radiation source 20, the electromagnetic wave portion radiated by the radiation source 20 will The first metamaterial panel 30' is reflected by the first metamaterial panel 30' to cause energy loss, so in the present invention, the first metamaterial panel 30' is fixed to the front of the radiation source 20 by the bracket 60.
  • the first metamaterial panel 30' is composed of a plurality of first metamaterial sheets 300' having the same refractive index distribution, as shown in Fig. 12, and Fig. 12 is a perspective view of the first metamaterial sheet 300 of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first metamaterial sheet 300' includes a first substrate 30" and a plurality of third manhole structures 302' periodically arranged in the first substrate.
  • the basic unit constituting the first metamaterial sheet 300' is still as shown in FIG. 10, but the first metamaterial sheet 300 needs to have the function of diverging electromagnetic waves, and according to the principle of electromagnetics, electromagnetic waves are deflected in a direction in which the refractive index is large. Therefore, the refractive index change rule on the first metamaterial sheet 300' is: the first metamaterial sheet 300' has a circular refractive index, the refractive index at the center of the circle is the smallest and the radius increases, corresponding to the radius The refractive index also increases and the refractive index is the same at the same radius.
  • the first metamaterial sheet 300' having such a refractive index distribution causes the electromagnetic waves radiated from the radiation source 20 to be diverged, thereby increasing the close range of the radiation source, so that the microwave antenna as a whole can be smaller in size.
  • the distance between the center point of the metamaterial base unit of the third manhole structure and the center point of the first substrate, and n mm is the refractive index value of the center point of the first substrate.
  • the second supermaterial panel of the microwave antenna of the present invention is described in detail below.
  • the second meta-material panel converges the electromagnetic waves diverging through the first meta-material panel such that the diverging spherical electromagnetic waves are radiated out by planar electromagnetic waves more suitable for long-distance transmission.
  • Fig. 13 is a perspective view showing the structure of a second super material panel according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the second metamaterial panel 10' includes a core layer composed of a plurality of core metamaterial sheets 1 having the same refractive index distribution; and a first graded metamaterial sheet layer symmetrically disposed on both sides of the core layer.
  • the graded metamaterial sheet is a first graded metamaterial sheet 10 ⁇ , a second graded metamaterial sheet 102', and a third graded metamaterial sheet 103';
  • the graded metamaterial sheet and all the core metamaterial sheets constitute a functional layer of the second metamaterial panel;
  • the first matching layer 11 ⁇ to the Mth matching layer symmetrically disposed on both sides of the functional layer, and the refractive index distribution of each matching layer
  • the first matching layer 11 ⁇ uniformly and close to the free space has a refractive index substantially equal to the free space refractive index, and the refractive index of the last matching layer adjacent to the first graded metamaterial sheet is substantially equal to the minimum refraction of the first graded metamaterial sheet 10 ⁇ rate.
  • Both the graded metamaterial sheet and the matching layer have the effect of reducing the reflection of electromagnetic waves and functioning as impedance matching and phase compensation. Therefore, it is a more preferable embodiment to provide a graded metamaterial sheet and a matching layer.
  • the matching layer is composed of a sheet layer having a cavity 1111.
  • a cross-sectional view of the matching layer is shown in FIG.
  • the basic elements constituting the core metamaterial sheet and the graded metamaterial sheet are as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the core metamaterial layer and the graded metamaterial sheet are distributed in a circular shape, with the center point of each super material sheet as the center, the refractive index at the center of the circle is the largest, and the refractive index of the radius decreases as the radius increases.
  • the refractive indices at the same radius are the same.
  • the core metamaterial sheet has a maximum refractive index n p , and the maximum refractive indices of the first graded metamaterial to the Nth grade metamaterial sheet are respectively ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , where nnnn ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4.
  • the core metamaterial sheet has a center point of the core metamaterial sheet layer as a center, and a refractive index at a radius r is:
  • n p represents the maximum refractive index value of the core metamaterial sheet
  • n Q represents the minimum refractive index value of the core metamaterial sheet
  • ss represents the radiation source from the first graded metamaterial sheet
  • the vertical distance, Z represents the maximum radius value of the core metamaterial sheet.
  • the first graded metamaterial sheet to the first graded metamaterial sheet in the Nth graded metamaterial sheet layer is centered on the first graded super point, and the refractive index at a radius r is:
  • the maximum radius value is a maximum refractive index value of the first graded metamaterial sheet layer in the first graded metamaterial sheet to the Nth grade
  • the overall refractive index distribution relationship between the first metamaterial panel and the second metamaterial panel is discussed in detail above. From the principle of metamaterials, the volume of the artificial pore structure in the substrate directly determines the refractive index value of each point of the metamaterial. At the same time, according to experiments, when the artificial pore structure is filled with a medium having a refractive index smaller than that of the substrate, the larger the volume of the artificial pore structure, the smaller the refractive index of the corresponding metamaterial basic unit.
  • the third artificial hole structure on the first metamaterial sheet constituting the first metamaterial panel is arranged in the following manner: the third artificial hole structure is filled with a medium having a refractive index smaller than that of the first substrate
  • Each of the third manhole structure and a portion of the first substrate that it occupies constitutes a basic unit of the first metamaterial panel, and a basic unit of the first metamaterial sheet is at the first base a circular distribution on the material, centered on the center point of the first substrate, and a third artificial hole junction on the basic unit of the first metamaterial sheet at the center of the circle
  • the volume of the structure is the largest, and as the radius increases, the volume of the third manhole structure corresponding to the radius also increases and the volume of the third manhole structure at the same radius is the same.
  • the second artificial hole structure arrangement on the graded metamaterial sheet layer is: the second artificial hole structure is filled with a medium having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the graded metamaterial sheet base material, and each of the second artificial holes
  • the structure and the portion of the progressive metamaterial sheet substrate constituting it constitute a basic unit of the graded metamaterial sheet, and the basic unit of the graded metamaterial sheet is rounded on the graded metamaterial sheet substrate
  • the shape distribution is centered on the center point of the graded metamaterial sheet substrate, and the second manhole structure on the basic unit of the graded metamaterial sheet at the center of the circle has the smallest volume, and the gradient corresponding to the radius increases with the radius
  • the second manhole structure on the basic unit of the metamaterial sheet becomes bulky and the second manhole structure on the basic unit of the graded metamaterial sheet at the same radius is the same volume.
  • the first artificial pore structure on the core metamaterial sheet is arranged in the following manner: the first artificial pore structure is filled with a medium having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the core metamaterial sheet substrate, and each of the first artificial holes
  • the shape distribution is centered on the center point of the core metamaterial sheet substrate, and the first manhole structure on the basic unit of the core metamaterial sheet at the center of the circle has the smallest volume, and the core corresponding to the radius increases with the radius
  • the first manhole structure on the basic unit of the metamaterial sheet becomes bulky and the first manhole structure on the basic unit of the core metamaterial sheet at the same radius is the same volume.
  • the volume of each artificial hole may be opposite to the above-mentioned arrangement.
  • the shape of the artificial hole structure satisfying the refractive index distribution requirements of the first metamaterial panel and the second metamaterial panel described above is not limited as long as the volume of the base unit of the metamaterial occupied by the above is satisfied.
  • a plurality of artificial hole structures of the same volume may be formed in each of the metamaterial base units, and it is necessary to make the sum of all the artificial hole volumes on each of the metamaterial base units satisfy the above arrangement rule.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une antenne Cassegrain à micro-ondes comprenant une source de rayonnement (20), un premier panneau en métamatériau (30) utilisé pour dégager une onde électromagnétique émise par la source de rayonnement (20), et un second panneau en métamatériau (10) présentant une fonction de convergence d'onde électromagnétique et utilisé pour convertir en onde plane l'onde électromagnétique dégagée par le premier panneau en métamatériau (30). L'utilisation du métamatériau lors de la fabrication de l'antenne permet à l'antenne de se détacher des restrictions de la forme de lentille concave classique, de la forme de lentille convexe et de la forme parabolique, ce qui permet à l'antenne de présenter une forme de panneau ou de présenter n'importe quelle forme souhaitée et de réduire son épaisseur, de réduire sa taille et de faciliter son traitement et sa fabrication. L'utilisation du premier panneau en métamatériau (30) pour dégager l'onde électromagnétique améliore la plage de rayonnement à courte distance de la source de rayonnement (20), ce qui permet de réduire encore la taille globale de l'antenne.
PCT/CN2011/082813 2011-07-26 2011-11-24 Antenne cassegrain à micro-ondes WO2013013459A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 201110210317 CN102487160B (zh) 2011-07-26 2011-07-26 一种后馈式微波天线
CN201110210317.4 2011-07-26
CN201110210399.2A CN102904042B (zh) 2011-07-26 2011-07-26 一种微波天线
CN201110210399.2 2011-07-26

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WO2013013459A1 true WO2013013459A1 (fr) 2013-01-31

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CN111555034A (zh) * 2020-05-15 2020-08-18 中国航空工业集团沈阳飞机设计研究所 宽频梯度相位设计方法及超材料

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US20100027130A1 (en) * 2008-07-25 2010-02-04 Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware Emitting and negatively-refractive focusing apparatus, methods, and systems
CN101699659A (zh) * 2009-11-04 2010-04-28 东南大学 一种透镜天线
US7855691B2 (en) * 2008-08-07 2010-12-21 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Automotive radar using a metamaterial lens
CN102110890A (zh) * 2011-02-11 2011-06-29 中国科学院光电技术研究所 一种基于非均匀介质的高增益喇叭天线

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JP2001085936A (ja) * 1999-09-09 2001-03-30 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 高周波基板及び誘電体レンズアンテナ、並びにその製造方法
US20100027130A1 (en) * 2008-07-25 2010-02-04 Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware Emitting and negatively-refractive focusing apparatus, methods, and systems
US7855691B2 (en) * 2008-08-07 2010-12-21 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Automotive radar using a metamaterial lens
CN101699659A (zh) * 2009-11-04 2010-04-28 东南大学 一种透镜天线
CN102110890A (zh) * 2011-02-11 2011-06-29 中国科学院光电技术研究所 一种基于非均匀介质的高增益喇叭天线

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111555034A (zh) * 2020-05-15 2020-08-18 中国航空工业集团沈阳飞机设计研究所 宽频梯度相位设计方法及超材料
CN111555034B (zh) * 2020-05-15 2022-09-30 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 宽频梯度相位设计方法及超材料

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