WO2013010535A2 - Filter, especially respiratory air filter - Google Patents

Filter, especially respiratory air filter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013010535A2
WO2013010535A2 PCT/DE2012/100215 DE2012100215W WO2013010535A2 WO 2013010535 A2 WO2013010535 A2 WO 2013010535A2 DE 2012100215 W DE2012100215 W DE 2012100215W WO 2013010535 A2 WO2013010535 A2 WO 2013010535A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filter
shielding
shielding wall
filter according
filter element
Prior art date
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PCT/DE2012/100215
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German (de)
French (fr)
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WO2013010535A3 (en
Inventor
Haomin DING
Original Assignee
Ding Haomin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Ding Haomin filed Critical Ding Haomin
Priority to DE112012000297.0T priority Critical patent/DE112012000297B4/en
Publication of WO2013010535A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013010535A2/en
Publication of WO2013010535A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013010535A3/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B23/00—Filters for breathing-protection purposes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B23/00—Filters for breathing-protection purposes
    • A62B23/02—Filters for breathing-protection purposes for respirators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0084—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours provided with safety means
    • B01D46/0091—Including arrangements for environmental or personal protection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F3/00—Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
    • G21F3/02—Clothing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a filter, in particular a respiratory air filter, and a cover material which can be used as a filter material Covering materials are known, for example, from US 4,923,774, US 2006/230495, GB 2,118,410A and WO 201 1 / Ol 8459 AI.
  • filters of respirators have filter elements which retain particles of dust and / or aerosol present in the respiratory air.
  • the filter of the respirator although the absorption of these substances in the human body prevented by the accumulating amount of radioactive material in the filter element, however, the filter element is increasingly itself to the radiation source, the alpha, beta, Gamma and / or neutron radiation endangers the user of the respirator.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new filter suitable for separating radioactive filter residues.
  • the solving this task filter according to the invention is characterized by means for shielding the filter residue outgoing radiation.
  • the shielding devices according to the invention advantageously protect against radiation loads due to radioactive substances accumulating in the filter.
  • the shielding means may comprise a shielding material combined with filtering material, e.g. embedded in the filter material.
  • Filter materials may include powder particles, fibers or / and porous solids, e.g. Sintered body or activated carbon, which form a plurality of narrow, suitable for retaining particles of suitable passages.
  • materials with high density and atoms of large atomic number can be considered as the shielding material, so that there is a high probability of an interaction of the electromagnetic radiation with the electron shell of the atoms.
  • Such materials are e.g. lead, gold, silver, tin or copper.
  • the shielding material is embedded in the filter material, in particular the shielding material may be dispersed in the form of particles or fibers in the filter material.
  • the fibers may form a fabric and / or a mat.
  • the shielding means comprise a shielding wall disposed between a filter element and a space region to be shielded, which attenuates the radiation emanating from the filter element.
  • the shielding wall is arranged downstream of the filter element in the direction of flow through the filter element.
  • the shielding wall can be arranged at a distance from the filter element and at least one passage can be provided for the lateral flow around the optionally impermeable shielding wall through the filtrate.
  • the shielding wall can have a plurality of layers with passage openings arranged offset perpendicular to the throughflow direction.
  • the vertical projection of the filter elements on the shielding wall is expediently smaller than the surface of the shielding wall, ie the shielding wall projects laterally beyond this projection surface.
  • the shielding wall projects laterally beyond this projection surface.
  • the shielding wall in addition to shielding material with atoms of high atomic number on its side facing the filter element, a coating of a material having atoms of low atomic number, in particular of a plastic material having.
  • a coating of a material having atoms of low atomic number in particular of a plastic material having.
  • the formation of bremsstrahlung during the absorption of alpha and beta particles is minimized by such a material.
  • such a layer can serve to weaken neutron radiation.
  • the described air-permeable filter material can be used independently of a filter only as cover material, which also keeps away ionizing radiation in addition to contamination of the air from the covered object.
  • Fig. 6 shows a filter of a respirator according to the prior art.
  • the filter element 2 consists of a filter material 3, which may comprise a powder, fibers or / and a porous solid and forms a plurality of narrow air passages.
  • High density, high atomic number materials of the atoms contained therein such as e.g. Lead, tin, gold etc.
  • the air permeability of the filter material is maintained. Bremstrahlung emitted by filter residues within the filter element 2, or bremsstrahlung generated indirectly in the absorption of emitted alpha and beta particles, is attenuated by the particles 6 in the filter element 2 and protects the user of the mask from this radiation.
  • the distribution of the particles 6 is limited to a portion 7 of the filter element 2 facing the inside of the mask. While an outer portion 8 has a higher absorption capacity for filter residues due to the absence of the particles 6, the density of the particles is 6 relative to the embodiment of Fig. 1 in the sub-area 7 increases. Accordingly, this portion has an increased
  • the filter element 2 on its inner side a plurality of layers of electromagnetic radiation attenuating, air-permeable fabric 8, which consists of heavy metal fibers, such as lead fibers. Instead of a fabric, the fibers could also form a nonwoven. While the outer portion of the filter element substantially the Receives filter residue, emanating from this filter residue radiation is weakened by the tissue layers 8 and protects the user of the mask from the radiation.
  • the filter element 2 of the filter of a respirator 1 shown in Fig. 4 itself has no materials that weaken electromagnetic radiation to a particular extent.
  • the shielding wall 10 laterally projects beyond the projection surface of the filter element 2 produced in the flow direction of the respiratory air on the shielding wall 10, so that radiation emitted by the side edges of the filter element 2, in particular scattered radiation, is effectively shielded and the shielded solid angle 15 is increased.
  • the shielding wall 10 On its side facing the filter element 2, the shielding wall 10 has a coating 12 of a material with atoms of low atomic number, e.g. an uncoated coating which ensures that beta and alpha particles are absorbed in this layer, producing as little Bremsstrahlung as possible. Such a layer can also weaken neutron radiation.
  • a coating 12 of a material with atoms of low atomic number e.g. an uncoated coating which ensures that beta and alpha particles are absorbed in this layer, producing as little Bremsstrahlung as possible.
  • Such a layer can also weaken neutron radiation.
  • the shielding wall 10 can be formed by a plurality of mutually spaced-apart layers 13, which have perpendicular to the flow direction of the respiratory air staggered passage openings 14 and thereby is permeable to filtrate 5.
  • the offset of the openings largely prevents direct passage of radiation through the shielding wall. It would also be possible to form oblique passages in a solid shielding wall.
  • the radiation which is combined with devices for shielding radiation 3 also weaken radiation which enters the filter material primarily from the outside.
  • the filter material can therefore generally be used as cover material suitable for weakening radiation wherever it is required to provide air permeability to the cover material.
  • the filter or cover material may be a material having antimicrobial activity, ie antibacterial, antiviral and / or antifungal activity, may be arranged.
  • antimicrobial activity ie antibacterial, antiviral and / or antifungal activity
  • materials are in particular copper, silver, brass or bronze into consideration.
  • the ions of these materials have a damaging effect on various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. These materials also kill bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics.

Abstract

The invention relates to a filter, in particular a respiratory air filter. The filter according to the invention is characterized by devices (6) for shielding radiation emitted by the filter residue. The invention further relates to an air-permeable cover material which has a filter material (3) that is combined with a material for attenuating ionized radiation.

Description

Beschreibung:  Description:
„Filter, insbesondere Atemluftfilter" Die Erfindung betrifft einen Filter, insbesondere einen Atemluftfilter, sowie ein als Filtermaterial verwendbares Abdeckmaterial. Vorrangig kommen neben Filtern für Atemschutzmasken auch Lüftungsfilter, vor allem für die Innenraumbelüftung von Fahr- und Flugzeugen, in Betracht. Vor radioaktiver Strahlung schützende Abdeckmaterialien sind beispielsweise aus der US 4,923,774, der US 2006/230495, der GB 2 1 18 410 A und der WO 201 1 /Ol 8459 AI bekannt. The invention relates to a filter, in particular a respiratory air filter, and a cover material which can be used as a filter material Covering materials are known, for example, from US 4,923,774, US 2006/230495, GB 2,118,410A and WO 201 1 / Ol 8459 AI.
Bekanntermaßen weisen Filter von Atemschutzmasken Filterelemente auf, welche in der Atemluft vorhandene Staub- oder/und Aerosol partikel zurückhalten. As is known, filters of respirators have filter elements which retain particles of dust and / or aerosol present in the respiratory air.
Wenn die zurückgehaltenen Staub- oder/und Aerosolpartikel durch radioaktive Substanzen belastet sind, z.B. im Falle einer Havarie in einem Kernkraftwerk, wird durch den Filter der Atemschutzmaske zwar die Aufnahme dieser Substanzen in den menschlichen Körper verhindert, durch die im Filterelement anwachsende Rückstandsmenge an radioaktivem Material wird das Filterelement jedoch zunehmend selbst zur Strahlungsquelle, deren Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma- oder/und Neutronenstrahlung den Benutzer der Atemschutzmaske gefährdet.  When the retained dust or / and aerosol particles are contaminated by radioactive substances, e.g. In the case of an accident in a nuclear power plant, although the filter of the respirator, although the absorption of these substances in the human body prevented by the accumulating amount of radioactive material in the filter element, however, the filter element is increasingly itself to the radiation source, the alpha, beta, Gamma and / or neutron radiation endangers the user of the respirator.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen neuen, zur Abschei- dung radioaktiver Filterrückstände geeigneten Filter zu schaffen. Der diese Aufgabe lösende Filter nach der Erfindung ist durch Einrichtungen zur Abschirmung vom Filterrückstand ausgehender Strahlung gekennzeichnet. The object of the present invention is to provide a new filter suitable for separating radioactive filter residues. The solving this task filter according to the invention is characterized by means for shielding the filter residue outgoing radiation.
Vorteilhaft schützen die erfindungsgemäßen Abschirmeinrichtungen vor Strahlen- belastungen durch sich im Filter ansammelnde radioaktive Substanzen. The shielding devices according to the invention advantageously protect against radiation loads due to radioactive substances accumulating in the filter.
Die Abschirmeinrichtungen können ein mit Filtermaterial kombiniertes Abschirmmaterial umfassen, das z.B. in das Filtermaterial eingebettet ist. Filtermaterialien können Pulverpartikel, Fasern oder/und poröse Festkörper, z.B. Sinterkörper oder Aktivkohle, aufweisen, die eine Vielzahl enger, zum Zurückhalten von Partikeln geeigneter Durchgänge bilden. The shielding means may comprise a shielding material combined with filtering material, e.g. embedded in the filter material. Filter materials may include powder particles, fibers or / and porous solids, e.g. Sintered body or activated carbon, which form a plurality of narrow, suitable for retaining particles of suitable passages.
Als Abschirmmaterial kommen insbesondere Materialien mit hoher Dichte und Atomen großer Ordnungszahl in Betracht, so dass eine hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine Wechselwirkung der elektromagnetischer Strahlung mit der Elektronenhülle der Atome besteht. Bei solchen Materialien handelt es sich z.B. um Blei, Gold, Silber, Zinn oder Kupfer.  In particular, materials with high density and atoms of large atomic number can be considered as the shielding material, so that there is a high probability of an interaction of the electromagnetic radiation with the electron shell of the atoms. Such materials are e.g. lead, gold, silver, tin or copper.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Abschirmmaterial in das Filtermaterial eingebettet, insbesondere kann das Abschirmmaterial in Form von Teilchen oder Fasern in dem Filtermaterial dispergiert sein. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the shielding material is embedded in the filter material, in particular the shielding material may be dispersed in the form of particles or fibers in the filter material.
Alternativ können die Fasern ein Gewebe oder/und ein Vlies bilden. Alternatively, the fibers may form a fabric and / or a mat.
In einer alternativen Ausführungsform umfassen die Abschirmeinrichtungen eine zwischen einem Filterelement und einem abzuschirmenden Raumbereich angeordnete Abschirmwand, die die von dem Filterelement ausgehende Strahlung schwächt. In an alternative embodiment, the shielding means comprise a shielding wall disposed between a filter element and a space region to be shielded, which attenuates the radiation emanating from the filter element.
In einer Ausführungsform ist die Abschirmwand in Durchströmungsrichtung des Filterelements hinter dem Filterelement angeordnet. In one embodiment, the shielding wall is arranged downstream of the filter element in the direction of flow through the filter element.
Insbesondere kann die Abschirmwand im Abstand zu dem Filterelement angeordnet und wenigstens ein Durchgang zur seitlichen Umströmung der ggf. undurchlässigen Abschirmwand durch das Filtrat vorgesehen sein. In particular, the shielding wall can be arranged at a distance from the filter element and at least one passage can be provided for the lateral flow around the optionally impermeable shielding wall through the filtrate.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann die Abschirmwand mehrere Lagen mit senkrecht zur Durchströmungsrichtung versetzt angeordneten Durchlassöffnungen aufweisen. Zweckmäßig ist die senkrechte Projektion der Filterelemente auf die Abschirmwand kleiner als die Fläche der Abschirmwand, d.h. die Abschirmwand steht über diese Projektionsfläche seitlich über. Vorteilhaft werden damit insbesondere vom Rand des Filterelements ausgehende Strahlungsanteile, vor allem Streustrahlung, wirksam abgeschirmt. In a further embodiment of the invention, the shielding wall can have a plurality of layers with passage openings arranged offset perpendicular to the throughflow direction. The vertical projection of the filter elements on the shielding wall is expediently smaller than the surface of the shielding wall, ie the shielding wall projects laterally beyond this projection surface. Advantageously, therefore, in particular radiating from the edge of the filter element radiation components, especially scattered radiation, effectively shielded.
Die Abschirmwand kann neben Abschirmmaterial mit Atomen hoher Ordnungszahl auf ihrer dem Filterelement zugewandten Seite eine Beschichtung aus einem Material mit Atomen niedriger Ordnungszahl, insbesondere aus einem Kunststoff- material, aufweisen. Vorteilhaft wird durch ein solches Material die Entstehung von Bremsstrahlung bei der Absorption von Alpha- und Betateilchen minimiert. Ferner kann eine solche Schicht der Schwächung von Neutronenstrahlung dienen. The shielding wall, in addition to shielding material with atoms of high atomic number on its side facing the filter element, a coating of a material having atoms of low atomic number, in particular of a plastic material having. Advantageously, the formation of bremsstrahlung during the absorption of alpha and beta particles is minimized by such a material. Furthermore, such a layer can serve to weaken neutron radiation.
Es versteht sich, dass das beschriebene luftdurchlässige Filtermaterial unabhängig von einem Filter lediglich als Abdeckmaterial einsetzbar ist, das neben Verunreinigungen der Luft vom abgedeckten Objekt auch ionisierende Strahlung fernhält. It is understood that the described air-permeable filter material can be used independently of a filter only as cover material, which also keeps away ionizing radiation in addition to contamination of the air from the covered object.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und der beiliegenden, sich auf diese Ausführungsbeispiele beziehenden Zeichnungen weiter erläutert. Es zeigen: The invention will be explained below with reference to embodiments and the accompanying, relating to these embodiments drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1 bis 5 verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele eines erfindungsgemäßen Fig. 1 to 5 different embodiments of an inventive
Filters einer Atemschutzmaske, und  Filters of a respirator, and
Fig. 6 einen Filter einer Atemschutzmaske nach dem Stand der Technik. Fig. 6 shows a filter of a respirator according to the prior art.
Ein in Fig. 6 gezeigter Filter nach dem Stand der Technik, der in eine nur in Teilansicht dargestellte Atemschutzmaske 1 eingebaut ist, weist ein luftdurchlässiges, in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel etwa rundzylindrisches Filterelement 2 auf. Das Filterelement 2 besteht aus einem Filtermaterial 3, das ein Pulver, Fasern oder/und einen porösen Festkörper aufweisen kann und eine Vielzahl enger Luftdurchgänge bildet. A filter according to the prior art shown in FIG. 6, which is installed in a respirator mask 1 shown only in partial view, has an air-permeable filter element 2 which is approximately round-cylindrical in the embodiment shown. The filter element 2 consists of a filter material 3, which may comprise a powder, fibers or / and a porous solid and forms a plurality of narrow air passages.
Angesaugte Atemluft 4 tritt durch das Filterelement 2 hindurch, wo Stäube und Aerosole zurückgehalten werden, so dass der Benutzer der Atemschutzmaske gereinigte Filtratluft 5 einatmet. Enthalten die Stäube und/oder Aerosole radioaktive Substanzen, so erhöht sich mit zunehmender, im Filterelement 2 zurückgehaltener Abscheidungsmenge die Intensität der vom Filterelement 2 ausgehenden radioaktiven Strahlung. Während Alpha- und Betastrahlen im Filterelement 2 selbst weitgehend absorbiert werden, wirkt Gammastrahlung direkt auf den Benutzer der Atemschutzmaske ein. Alpha- und Betastrahlung belasten den Benutzer indirekt über im Filterelement 2 bei der Absorption der Alpha- und Betateilchen erzeugte elektromagnetische Strahlung (Bremsstrahlung). Im Filterelement 2 der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Atemschutzmaske 1 sind Teilchen 6 dispergiert, die aus einem elektromagnetische Strahlung (Gammastrahlung, Bremsstrahlung) stark schwächenden Material bestehen. Hierfür kommen Aspirated breathing air 4 passes through the filter element 2, where dusts and aerosols are retained, so that the user of the respirator inhales purified filtrate air 5. If the dusts and / or aerosols contain radioactive substances, the intensity of the radioactive radiation emanating from the filter element 2 increases as the amount of deposition retained in the filter element 2 increases. While alpha and beta rays are largely absorbed in the filter element 2 itself, gamma radiation acts directly on the user of the respirator. Alpha and beta radiation pollute the user indirectly via electromagnetic radiation generated in the filter element 2 during absorption of the alpha and beta particles (Bremsstrahlung). In the filter element 2 of the respirator shown in Fig. 1 1 particles 6 are dispersed, which consist of an electromagnetic radiation (gamma radiation, Bremsstrahlung) strongly weakening material. Come for this
Materialien mit hoher Dichte und hoher Ordnungszahl der darin enthaltenen Atome in Betracht, wie z.B. Blei, Zinn, Gold usw.. High density, high atomic number materials of the atoms contained therein, such as e.g. Lead, tin, gold etc.
Bei Dispersion der Teilchen 6 im Filtermaterial 3 bleibt die Luftdurchlässigkeit des Filtermaterials erhalten. Durch Filterrückstände innerhalb des Filterelements 2 emittierte Gammastrahlung oder indirekt bei der Absorption emittierter Alpha- und Betateilchen erzeugte Bremsstrahlung wird durch die Teilchen 6 im Filterelement 2 geschwächt und der Benutzer der Maske vor dieser Strahlung geschützt. Upon dispersion of the particles 6 in the filter material 3, the air permeability of the filter material is maintained. Bremstrahlung emitted by filter residues within the filter element 2, or bremsstrahlung generated indirectly in the absorption of emitted alpha and beta particles, is attenuated by the particles 6 in the filter element 2 and protects the user of the mask from this radiation.
Bei einem in Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt sich die Verteilung der Teilchen 6 auf einen der Maskeninnenseite zugewandten Teilbereichs 7 des Filterelements 2. Während einer äußerer Teilbereich 8 aufgrund des Fehlens der Teilchen 6 eine höhere Aufnahmekapazität für Filterrückstände aufweist, ist die Dichte der Teilchen 6 gegenüber dem Ausführungsbeispiel von Fig. 1 in dem Teilbereich 7 erhöht. Entsprechend weist dieser Teilbereich ein erhöhtes In an exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the distribution of the particles 6 is limited to a portion 7 of the filter element 2 facing the inside of the mask. While an outer portion 8 has a higher absorption capacity for filter residues due to the absence of the particles 6, the density of the particles is 6 relative to the embodiment of Fig. 1 in the sub-area 7 increases. Accordingly, this portion has an increased
Schwächungsvermögen auf. Abweichend von den gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen könnte eine Dispersion der Teilchen 6 innerhalb des Filterelements 2 auch so erfolgen, dass die Dichte der Teilchen 6 in Hauptströmungsrichtung der Luft stetig zunimmt. Weakening capacity. Deviating from the exemplary embodiments shown, a dispersion of the particles 6 within the filter element 2 could also take place such that the density of the particles 6 in the main flow direction of the air increases steadily.
Bei einem in Fig. 3 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel weist das Filterelement 2 auf seiner Innenseite mehrere Lagen aus einem elektromagnetische Strahlung schwächenden, luftdurchlässigen Gewebe 8 auf, das aus Schwermetallfasern, z.B. Bleifasern, besteht. Anstelle eines Gewebes könnten die Fasern auch ein Vlies bilden. Während der äußere Bereich des Filterelements im Wesentlichen den Filterrückstand aufnimmt, wird von diesem Filterrückstand ausgehende Strahlung durch die Gewebeschichten 8 geschwächt und der Benutzer der Maske vor der Strahlung geschützt. Das Filterelement 2 des Filters einer in Fig. 4 gezeigten Atemschutzmaske 1 weist selbst keine Materialien auf, die elektromagnetische Strahlung in besonderem Maße schwächen. Dem Filterelement 2 ist jedoch auf der Maskeninnenseite im Abstand zu diesem eine Abschirmwand 10 nachgeordnet, die aus einem solchen Material, z.B. Zinn, besteht. Über seitliche Durchlasskanäle 1 1 kann gereinigte Filtratluft 5 in den Maskeninnenraum gelangen. Die Abschirmwand 10 überragt seitlich die in Strömungsrichtung der Atemluft erzeugte Projektionsfläche des Filterelements 2 auf der Abschirmwand 10, so dass von den Seitenrändern des Filterelements 2 ausgehende Strahlung, insbesondere Streustrahlung, wirksam abgeschirmt wird und der abgeschirmte Raumwinkel 15 vergrößert ist. In an embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the filter element 2 on its inner side a plurality of layers of electromagnetic radiation attenuating, air-permeable fabric 8, which consists of heavy metal fibers, such as lead fibers. Instead of a fabric, the fibers could also form a nonwoven. While the outer portion of the filter element substantially the Receives filter residue, emanating from this filter residue radiation is weakened by the tissue layers 8 and protects the user of the mask from the radiation. The filter element 2 of the filter of a respirator 1 shown in Fig. 4 itself has no materials that weaken electromagnetic radiation to a particular extent. The filter element 2, however, downstream of the mask inside a distance from this a shielding wall 10, which consists of such a material, such as tin. Via lateral passageways 1 1 purified filtrate 5 can get into the mask interior. The shielding wall 10 laterally projects beyond the projection surface of the filter element 2 produced in the flow direction of the respiratory air on the shielding wall 10, so that radiation emitted by the side edges of the filter element 2, in particular scattered radiation, is effectively shielded and the shielded solid angle 15 is increased.
Auf ihrer dem Filterelement 2 zugewandten Seite weist die Abschirmwand 10 eine Beschichtung 12 aus einem Material mit Atomen niedriger Ordnungszahl auf, z.B. eine unststoffbeschichtung, die dafür sorgt, dass Beta- und Alphateilchen unter Erzeugung von möglichst wenig Bremsstrahlung in dieser Schicht absorbiert werden. Eine solche Schicht kann auch Neutronenstrahlung schwächen. On its side facing the filter element 2, the shielding wall 10 has a coating 12 of a material with atoms of low atomic number, e.g. an uncoated coating which ensures that beta and alpha particles are absorbed in this layer, producing as little Bremsstrahlung as possible. Such a layer can also weaken neutron radiation.
Gemäß Fig. 5 kann die Abschirmwand 10 durch mehrere zueinander im Abstand angeordnete Lagen 13 gebildet sein, die senkrecht zur Strömungsrichtung der Atemluft zueinander versetzte Durchlassöffnungen 14 aufweisen und dadurch für Filtratluft 5 durchlässig ist. Der Versatz der Öffnungen verhindert weitgehend einen direkten Durchgang von Strahlung durch die Abschirmwand. Es wäre auch möglich, in einer massiven Abschirmwand schräg verlaufende Durchgänge zu bilden. According to FIG. 5, the shielding wall 10 can be formed by a plurality of mutually spaced-apart layers 13, which have perpendicular to the flow direction of the respiratory air staggered passage openings 14 and thereby is permeable to filtrate 5. The offset of the openings largely prevents direct passage of radiation through the shielding wall. It would also be possible to form oblique passages in a solid shielding wall.
Es versteht sich, dass die verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispiele miteinander kombi- nierbar sind. It is understood that the various embodiments can be combined with each other.
Es versteht sich ferner, dass durch das mit Einrichtungen zur Abschirmung von Strahlung kombinierte Filtermaterial 3 auch primär von außen in das Filtermaterial eintretende Strahlung geschwächt wird. Das Filtermaterial lässt sich daher allge- mein als zur Schwächung einwirkender Strahlung geeignetes Abdeckmaterial überall dort einsetzen, wo Luftdurchlässigkeit des Abdeckmaterials gefordert ist. Im Luftstrom des Filters bzw. Abdeckmaterials kann ein Material mit antimikrobieller Wirkung, d.h. antibakterieller, antiviraler oder/und antifungizider Wirkung, angeordnet sein. Als solche Materialien kommen insbesondere Kupfer, Silber, Messing oder Bronze in Betracht. Die Ionen dieser Materialien haben eine schädigende Wirkung auf unterschiedliche Krankheitserreger wie Bakterien, Viren und Pilze. Durch die genannten Materialien lassen sich auch gegen Antibiotika resistende Bakterien abtöten. It is further understood that the radiation which is combined with devices for shielding radiation 3 also weaken radiation which enters the filter material primarily from the outside. The filter material can therefore generally be used as cover material suitable for weakening radiation wherever it is required to provide air permeability to the cover material. In the air flow of the filter or cover material may be a material having antimicrobial activity, ie antibacterial, antiviral and / or antifungal activity, may be arranged. As such materials are in particular copper, silver, brass or bronze into consideration. The ions of these materials have a damaging effect on various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. These materials also kill bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics.
Es kommt darauf an, eine möglichst große Oberfläche des antimikrobiellen Materials zu erzeugen. Zweckmäßig ist die Verwendung der genannten Metalle in Form von Wolle aus einer Vielzahl dünner Fäden. Insbesondere mit Silber- oder Kupferwolle werden intensive antimikrobielle Wirkungen erzielt.  It is important to create the largest possible surface of the antimicrobial material. Suitably, the use of said metals in the form of wool from a variety of thin threads. In particular, with silver or copper wool intensive antimicrobial effects are achieved.
Es versteht sich, dass vorteilhaft die genannten Materialien gleichzeitig als Abschirmmaterialien dienen können.  It is understood that advantageously the said materials can simultaneously serve as shielding materials.

Claims

Patentansprüche: claims:
1 . Filter, insbesondere Atemluftfilter, 1 . Filters, in particular respiratory air filters,
gekennzeichnet durch Einrichtungen (6;9;10) zur Abschirmung vom Filterrückstand ausgehender Strahlung.  characterized by means (6; 9; 10) for shielding radiation emanating from the filter residue.
2. Filter nach Anspruch 1 , 2. Filter according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die Abschirmeinrichtungen (6;9;10) ein mit Filtermaterial (3) kombiniertes Abschirmmaterial umfassen.  the shielding devices (6; 9; 10) comprise a shielding material combined with filter material (3).
3. Filter nach Anspruch 2, 3. Filter according to claim 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass das Abschirmmaterial in das Filtermaterial (3) eingebettet ist.  the shielding material is embedded in the filter material (3).
4. Filter nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, 4. Filter according to claim 2 or 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass das Abschirmmaterial in Form von Teilchen (6) in dem Filtermaterial (3) dispergiert ist.  the shielding material is dispersed in the form of particles (6) in the filter material (3).
5. Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, 5. Filter according to one of claims 2 to 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass das Abschirmmaterial Fasern umfasst, die insbesondere ein Gewebe (9) oder/und ein Vlies bilden.  in that the shielding material comprises fibers, which in particular form a fabric (9) or / and a fleece.
6. Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, 6. Filter according to one of claims 1 to 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die Abschirmeinrichtungen (6;9;10) eine zwischen einem Filterelement (2) und einem abzuschirmenden Raumbereich (15) angeordnete Abschirmwand (10) umfassen.  the shielding devices (6; 9; 10) comprise a shielding wall (10) arranged between a filter element (2) and a space region (15) to be shielded.
7. Filter nach Anspruch 6, 7. Filter according to claim 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die Abschirmwand (10) in Durchströmungsrichtung des Filterelements (2) hinter dem Filterelement 82) angeordnet ist.  the shielding wall (10) is arranged in the direction of flow through the filter element (2) behind the filter element 82).
8. Filter nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, 8. Filter according to claim 6 or 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abschirmwand (10) im Abstand zu dem Filterelement angeordnet und wenigstens ein Durchgang (1 1 ) zur seitlichen Umströmung der Abschirmwand (10) vorgesehen ist. characterized, the shielding wall (10) is arranged at a distance from the filter element and at least one passage (11) is provided for the lateral flow around the shielding wall (10).
9. Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, 9. Filter according to one of claims 6 to 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die Abschirmwand (10) mehrere Lagen (13) mit senkrecht zur Durchströmungsrichtung mit Filtrat (5) versetzt angeordneten Durchlassöffnungen (14) aufweist.  the shielding wall (10) has a plurality of layers (13) with passage openings (14) arranged offset perpendicularly to the throughflow direction with filtrate (5).
10. Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, 10. Filter according to one of claims 6 to 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die Abschirmwand (10) die senkrechte Projektion des Filterelements (2) auf die Abschirmwand (10) seitlich überragt.  the shielding wall (10) projects laterally beyond the vertical projection of the filter element (2) onto the shielding wall (10).
1 1 . Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 10, 1 1. Filter according to one of claims 6 to 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die Abschirmwand (10) neben einer Lage aus Abschirmmaterial mit Atomen hoher Ordnungszahl auf ihrer dem Filterelement (2) zugewandten Seite eine Beschichtung (12) aus einem Material mit Atomen niedriger Ordnungszahl, insbesondere einem Kunststoffmaterial, aufweist.  the shielding wall (10), in addition to a layer of shielding material with atoms of high atomic number, has on its side facing the filter element (2) a coating (12) of a material with atoms of low atomic number, in particular a plastic material.
12. Luftdurchlässiges Abdeckmaterial, 12. Air permeable cover material,
gekennzeichnet durch ein Filtermaterial, das mit einem Material zur Schwächung von ionisierter Strahlung kombiniert ist.  characterized by a filter material combined with a material for attenuating ionized radiation.
13. Filter nach einem der Ansprüche bis 1 bis 1 1 oder luftdurchlässiges Abdeckmaterial nach Anspruch 12, 13. Filter according to one of claims 1 to 1 1 or air-permeable cover material according to claim 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass im Luftstrom des Filters bzw. luftdurchlässigen Materials ein Material mit antimikrobieller Wirkung angeordnet ist und insbesondere das Abschirmoder/und Filtermaterial ein solches Material umfasst.  a material having an antimicrobial effect is arranged in the air flow of the filter or air-permeable material, and in particular the shielding and / or filter material comprises such a material.
14. Filter oder Abdeckmaterial nach Anspruch 13, 14. Filter or cover material according to claim 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass das Material mit antimikrobieller Wirkung Silber, Kupfer, Messing oder/und Bronze umfasst.  that the material with antimicrobial effect includes silver, copper, brass or / and bronze.
PCT/DE2012/100215 2011-07-18 2012-07-17 Filter, especially respiratory air filter WO2013010535A2 (en)

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DE112012000297.0T DE112012000297B4 (en) 2011-07-18 2012-07-17 Respirator mask with a filter element and device for shielding radiation from the filter residue

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DE102011051902A DE102011051902A1 (en) 2011-07-18 2011-07-18 Filter, in particular breathing air filter
DE102011051902.5 2011-07-18

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CN102890973B (en) 2015-12-02
DE112012000297B4 (en) 2020-08-06
CN202384017U (en) 2012-08-15
WO2013010535A3 (en) 2013-12-12
CN102890973A (en) 2013-01-23
DE102011051902A1 (en) 2013-01-24

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