WO2013009161A1 - États quantiques pour protocole de cryptage quantique 6dp - Google Patents

États quantiques pour protocole de cryptage quantique 6dp Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013009161A1
WO2013009161A1 PCT/MY2012/000130 MY2012000130W WO2013009161A1 WO 2013009161 A1 WO2013009161 A1 WO 2013009161A1 MY 2012000130 W MY2012000130 W MY 2012000130W WO 2013009161 A1 WO2013009161 A1 WO 2013009161A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photons
beam splitter
correlated
pair
quantum
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/MY2012/000130
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English (en)
Inventor
Abdul Khir Mohd Fared
Suryadi
Nawi MOHD NURIMAN
Saiyed Rasol SAIYED ABDUL FATAH
Mohd Zain Mohd Nor Zaliman
Original Assignee
Mimos Berhad
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Mimos Berhad filed Critical Mimos Berhad
Publication of WO2013009161A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013009161A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus, system and method for generating biphoton of quantum state for 6DP quantum key distribution protocol.
  • Quantum key distribution relates to the application of quantum mechanics in cryptography which guarantees secure communication wherein photons are usually used for quantum states.
  • many implementations use laser pulses which are attenuated to very low level to send quantum states. These laser pulses contain very small number of photons, for example 0.2 photons per pulse, which are distributed according to Possionian distribution.
  • Spectral attack is attack that can differentiate and filter out multi-wavelength used in preparing biphoton of quantum states, thus the probability of gaining the information is very high.
  • the methodology for preparing and transforming quantum states for quantum key distribution unitarily (disclosed in Malaysia Patent Application No. PI 20082369) relates to preparation of biphoton quantum states using multiple wavelengths.
  • the existing protocol has a weakness at the source part which is prone to attack during the preparation stage wherein attacker is have high probability in gaining information after the states being sent out to receiver. Therefore, it is advantageous to use biphoton with single wavelength as the new source of 6DP Quantum Key Distribution Protocol which minimizes the probability of attack to gain information.
  • the present invention provides quantum states for 6DP quantum key distribution protocol to generate and control photons using single wavelength as new source of 6DP.
  • the propose solution minimizes probability of attack by third parties in gaining information.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for generating biphoton of quantum state for 6DP quantum key distribution protocol.
  • the apparatus comprising at least one laser source for pumping laser into non-linear crystal to generate at least one pair of correlated photons with same wavelength, a first beam splitter to reflect correlated photons, a second beam splitter to split each of said photons, a third beam splitter to combine each of said photons into single mode communication and at least one active polarization controller to polarize each of said photons.
  • the said non-linear crystal is cut according to collinear and frequency non- degenerate Type 2 Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion (SPDC) to form correlated photons at same frequencies and same directions.
  • SPDC Type 2 Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion
  • the said first beam splitter is a Dichroic Beam Splitter (DBS) and the second and third beam splitter is a Polarization Beam Splitter (PBS).
  • DBS Dichroic Beam Splitter
  • PBS Polarization Beam Splitter
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a system for generating biphoton of quantum state for 6DP quantum key distribution protocol.
  • the system comprising at least one laser source for pumping laser into non-linear crystal to generate at least one pair of correlated photons with same wavelength, a first beam splitter to reflect correlated photons, a second beam splitter to split each of said photons, a third beam splitter to combine each of said photons into single mode communication and at least one active polarization controller to polarize each of said photons.
  • a further aspect of the present invention provides a method for generating biphoton of quantum state for 6DP quantum key distribution protocol.
  • the method comprising steps of pumping laser to non-linear crystal to generate at least one pair of correlated photons with same wavelength, reflecting both correlated photons with dichroic beam splitter (DBS), splitting each of said photons with polarization beam splitter (PBS), combining each of said photons into single mode communication and polarizing each of said photons via SU (2) transformations.
  • DBS dichroic beam splitter
  • PBS polarization beam splitter
  • pumping laser to non-linear crystal to generate at least one pair of correlated photons is Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion (SPDC) and correlated photons of Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion (SPDC) having orthogonal polarization states with same wavelength.
  • SPDC Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion
  • SPDC Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion
  • the method for splitting each of said photons with polarization beam splitter further comprises steps of reflecting each of said photons to longer path to delay one photon from its pair and transmitting one photon to normal path.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an arrangement for generating biphoton of quantum state for 6DP quantum key distribution protocol.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an apparatus and system for generating biphoton of quantum state for 6DP quantum key distribution protocol.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates three main parts of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method for generating biphoton of quantum state for 6DP quantum key distribution protocol.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for splitting each of said photons with polarization beam splitter (PBS).
  • PBS polarization beam splitter
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an arrangement for generating biphoton of quantum state for 6DP quantum key distribution protocol.
  • a Bob preparation is produce based on the arrangement of the present invention and an Alice transformation is formed according to the quantum states for 6DP quantum key distribution protocol of the present invention which generates and control photons using single wavelength as new source of 6DP.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an apparatus and system for generating biphoton of quantum state for 6DP quantum key distribution protocol while FIG. 3 illustrates
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method for generating biphoton of quantum state for 6DP quantum key distribution protocol
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for splitting each of said photons with polarization beam splitter (PBS).
  • PBS polarization beam splitter
  • an apparatus (200) for generating biphoton of quantum state for 6DP quantum key distribution protocol comprising at least one laser source (202) for pumping laser into non-linear crystal (206) to generate at least one pair of correlated photons with same wavelength, a first beam splitter (210) to reflect correlated photons, a second beam splitter (218) to split each of said photons, a third beam splitter (228) to combine each of said photons into single mode communication and at least one active polarization controller (232) to polarize each of said photons.
  • the present invention also provides for a system (200) for generating biphoton of quantum state for 6DP quantum key distribution protocol.
  • the system comprising at least one laser source (202) for pumping laser into non-linear crystal (206) to generate at least one pair of correlated photons with same wavelength, a first beam splitter (210) to reflect correlated photons, a second beam splitter (218) to split each of said photons, a third beam splitter (228) to combine each of said photons into single mode communication and at least one active polarization controller (232) to polarize each of said photons.
  • the said non-linear crystal (206) is cut according to collinear and frequency non- degenerate Type 2 Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion (SPDC) to form correlated photons at same frequencies and same directions.
  • the said first beam splitter (210) is a Dichroic Beam Splitter (DBS) while the second and third beam splitter (218, 228) is a Polarization Beam Splitter (PBS).
  • DBS Dichroic Beam Splitter
  • PBS Polarization Beam Splitter
  • the approach of the present invention comprises of three (3) main parts as detailed below:
  • DBS Dichroic Beam Splitter
  • Subsequent part refers to the delay process to control the polarization of each photon independently by delaying one photon from its pair.
  • the pair is split by using the Polarization Beam Splitter (PBS).
  • PBS Polarization Beam Splitter
  • the other half of the pair will be reflected and go through a delay path.
  • the pair (one photon with a time delay) is recombined by using another PBS.
  • the recombined pair will go into the same path again one after another.
  • Pair polarizations are controlled independently by using the active polarization controller base on the time delay introduced.
  • Biphoton source which comprises of at least one pair of correlated photons with same wavelength of quantum state for 6DP quantum key distribution protocol is first generated by pumping laser to non-linear crystal (402). Pumping laser to non-linear crystal to generate at least one pair of correlated photons is Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion (SPDC).
  • SPDC Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion
  • the pulse laser source (202) will be down converted into two light sources with the signal and idler (208) having a polarization of V and H respectively or in the same optical propagation direction. Thereafter, the two light sources (208) are being reflected wherein both correlated photons are reflected via dichroic beam splitter (DBS) (404) to filter remaining unconverted pump laser (212). The
  • each of said photons is being split via polarization beam splitter (PBS) (406).
  • Splitting each of said photons with polarization beam splitter (PBS) further comprises steps of reflecting each of said photons to longer path to delay one photon from its pair (502) and transmitting one photon to normal path (504).
  • the said delay is determined by known means wherein the said means is by time factor.
  • Polarization beam splitters (PBS) (218) separates the signal (216) and idler (214) light sources by reflecting one with vertical polarization light wherein the reflected vertical polarization light will go a longer path (224) through mirrors (222, 226) comparing to transmitted horizontal polarization light which travels along a straight path (220) which produces a delay of time, t. Both the signals (216, 214) will then recombine at another polarization beam splitter (228) wherein each of said photons is combined into single mode communication (408).
  • the prepared biphoton polarizations (230) are now ready to be controlled.
  • the biphoton polarization (230) will then be controlled by an active polarization controller (232) with respect to time.
  • Each of said photons will be polarized via SU (2) transformations (410) wherein the active polarization controller (232) will be activated to control polarization to the specific light polarization when the first signal or idler (214) arrives. Thereafter, it will be turned off and on again when another signal arrives.
  • the prepared states (234) are now ready to be transmitted to Alice.
  • the present invention provides quantum states for 6DP quantum key distribution protocol to generate and control photons using single wavelength as new source of 6DP which minimizes probability of attack by third parties in gaining information.
  • the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its essential characteristics.
  • the described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive.
  • the scope of the invention is, therefore indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes, which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims, are to be embraced within their scope.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à des états quantiques pour un protocole de cryptage quantique 6DP qui fait usage de biphoton à une seule longueur d'onde en tant que la nouvelle source de 6DP, pour générer et contrôler des photons. La solution technique de la présente invention minimise la probabilité d'attaques lancées par des tiers afin d'obtenir des informations. La présente invention comprend trois (3) parties principales : la première partie sert à la génération d'une paire de photons par conversion paramétrique spontanée à la baisse (SPDC, Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion - 302) ; la deuxième partie fait référence au processus à retard utilisé pour contrôler la polarisation de chaque photon de manière indépendante, en retardant l'un des photons par rapport à sa paire (304, 306, 308) ; et la partie finale (310) se rapporte à des polarisations de paires qui sont contrôlées de manière indépendante au moyen du contrôleur de polarisation active sur la base du facteur de retard de temps.
PCT/MY2012/000130 2011-07-13 2012-06-20 États quantiques pour protocole de cryptage quantique 6dp WO2013009161A1 (fr)

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MYPI2011003285 2011-07-13

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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2626167C1 (ru) * 2016-09-08 2017-07-21 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Новые Энергетические Технологии" Схемы генерации модифицированных гхц состояний
WO2020083034A1 (fr) * 2018-10-26 2020-04-30 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 Système et procédé de commande de polarisation basés sur un modulateur de guide d'onde droit, et système de distribution de clé quantique
CN111555871A (zh) * 2020-04-29 2020-08-18 中国科学院半导体研究所 用于量子密钥分发的可重构接收芯片

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EP2058973A2 (fr) * 2007-11-07 2009-05-13 Austrian Research Centers Gmbh - Arc Dispositif QKD

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ENRIQUE J GALVEZ: "Proposal to produce two and four qubits with spatial modes of two photons", PROCEEDINGS SPIE, COMPLEX LIGHT AND OPTICAL FORCES VI,, vol. 8274, 9 February 2012 (2012-02-09), pages 1 - 5, XP007921006 *
KHALID A S AL-KHATEEB ET AL: "A secure protocol using 6DP for quantum authentication and hash functions for key distribution (KDP-6DP)", COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING (ICCCE), 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON, IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA, 11 May 2010 (2010-05-11), pages 1 - 4, XP031738832, ISBN: 978-1-4244-6233-9 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2626167C1 (ru) * 2016-09-08 2017-07-21 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Новые Энергетические Технологии" Схемы генерации модифицированных гхц состояний
WO2020083034A1 (fr) * 2018-10-26 2020-04-30 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 Système et procédé de commande de polarisation basés sur un modulateur de guide d'onde droit, et système de distribution de clé quantique
CN111106932A (zh) * 2018-10-26 2020-05-05 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 基于直波导调制器的偏振控制系统、方法及量子密钥分发系统
CN111106932B (zh) * 2018-10-26 2021-07-09 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 基于直波导调制器的偏振控制系统、方法及量子密钥分发系统
CN111555871A (zh) * 2020-04-29 2020-08-18 中国科学院半导体研究所 用于量子密钥分发的可重构接收芯片
CN111555871B (zh) * 2020-04-29 2021-03-26 中国科学院半导体研究所 用于量子密钥分发的可重构接收芯片

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