WO2013007716A1 - Dispositif comprenant une couche polymère - Google Patents

Dispositif comprenant une couche polymère Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013007716A1
WO2013007716A1 PCT/EP2012/063459 EP2012063459W WO2013007716A1 WO 2013007716 A1 WO2013007716 A1 WO 2013007716A1 EP 2012063459 W EP2012063459 W EP 2012063459W WO 2013007716 A1 WO2013007716 A1 WO 2013007716A1
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Prior art keywords
composition
metal oxide
μηη
layer
conductive
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PCT/EP2012/063459
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English (en)
Inventor
Olivier Lhost
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Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy
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Publication of WO2013007716A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013007716A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/44—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the coatings, e.g. passivation layer or anti-reflective coating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H10K30/80—Constructional details
    • H10K30/88—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device comprising at least one conductive or semi-conductive layer and further comprising at least one additional layer.
  • Organic semiconductors and organic conductors are increasingly used in the development of photovoltaic cells, light-emitting diodes, flat panel displays, polymer field effect transistors, and the like. Such devices usually correspond to a multilayer structure: the "active" part of the structure is constituted by an organic layer, which may be sandwiched between two conductive layers. Additional layers are often introduced as support, barrier layers, adhesive layers, or the like.
  • UV-light in particular is often responsible for degradation of the organic component, and thus reduces the life time of the device.
  • the problem of UV degradation is a common problem in many products exposed to sunlight. Continuous exposure is a more serious problem than intermittent exposure, since attack is dependent on the extent and degree of exposure, making UV degradation a particularly serious problem for photovoltaic cells, and even more so for organic photovoltaic cells.
  • Organic photovoltaic devices currently have a shelf life of several years (typically between 1 and 5 years). They can thus not compete in terms of shelf life to silicon-based devices, which are known to have a much higher shelf life (typically of at least 25 years). Therefore, there is a need for organic photovoltaic devices to improve their shelf life, or they will remain limited to niche applications.
  • UV-protective layer For flexible solar cells and films in particular, such a UV-protective layer needs to be also flexible, as thin as possible and as cheap as possible. Furthermore, such a UV-protective layer needs to block UV-C (with a wavelength of approximately 100-280 nm) and UV-B (280-315 nm) parts of the spectrum, which may be achieved by using for example a PET layer. Improvement has mainly to be done to block UV-A (315-400 nm) rays which may nevertheless be passed through the protective layer.
  • a first aspect of the present invention concerns the use of a composition comprising polystyrene (PS) and at least one, optionally coated, metal oxide particle, as a UV filter for a device comprising at least one conductive or semiconductive layer.
  • PS polystyrene
  • metal oxide particle a composition comprising polystyrene (PS) and at least one, optionally coated, metal oxide particle.
  • said composition is used as a UV-A filter for a device comprising at least one conductive or semiconductive layer.
  • a polystyrene (PS) composition comprising metal oxide particles, whereby the particles can be coated to prevent degradation of the polystyrene (PS), can provide optimal UV absorption for an electric, an electronic, an optic, a photoelectric or a photovoltaic device, while minimizing loss of mechanical and thermal properties which is otherwise due to intensive degradation of the polymer matrix.
  • the UV absorption can be tailored to include strong absorption in the UV range of the spectrum, as well as strong absorption in the UV-A sub-range of the spectrum, but only limited absorption in the visible range of the spectrum.
  • the present invention also encompasses a device comprising at least one conductive or semi-conductive layer, and at least one additional layer, said additional layer having a composition comprising polystyrene (PS) and at least one, optionally coated, metal oxide particle.
  • PS polystyrene
  • the layer composition comprising polystyrene (PS) and at least one, optionally coated, metal oxide particle has the advantages of blocking most of all UV light with a wave length up to about 400 nm, and hardly blocking any light with a wavelength in the visible part of the spectrum.
  • This composition is particularly useful for devices comprising conductive or semi-conductive layers.
  • the device is selected from the group comprising an electric, an electronic, an optic, a photoelectric and a photovoltaic module or device. More preferably, the device is selected from the group comprising a photovoltaic cell, a light-emitting diode, a fuel cell, a battery, a sensor, a field effect transistor and a display, preferably wherein the device is a photovoltaic cell. Preferably, the device is an organic photovoltaic cell.
  • a layer means one layer or more than one layer.
  • all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art. All publications referenced herein are incorporated by reference thereto.
  • endpoints includes all integer numbers and, where appropriate, fractions subsumed within that range (e.g. 1 to 5 can include 1 , 2, 3, 4 when referring to, for example, a number of elements, and can also include 1.5, 2, 2.75 and 3.80, when referring to, for example, measurements).
  • the recitation of end points also includes the end point values themselves (e.g. from 1.0 to 5.0 includes both 1.0 and 5.0). Any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges subsumed therein.
  • the present invention concerns the use of a composition comprising a polystyrene (PS) and at least one, optionally coated, metal oxide particle, as a UV filter for a device, said device comprising at least one conductive or semi-conductive layer.
  • a composition comprising a polystyrene (PS) and at least one, optionally coated, metal oxide particle, as a UV filter for a device, said device comprising at least one conductive or semi-conductive layer.
  • PS polystyrene
  • metal oxide particle is coated.
  • said composition is used as a UV-A filter in a device, comprising at least one conductive or semi-conductive layer.
  • composition comprising (optionally coated) metal oxide allows good dispersion/distribution. Moreover, such composition can be easily extruded into films. In addition the present composition shows very effective anti-UV action, as well as antibacterial protection.
  • the present invention also encompasses the use of such a composition for preparing a device, said device comprising at least one conductive or semi-conductive layer, and at least one additional layer having a composition as described in the first aspect of the invention.
  • said additional layer is a UV filter.
  • said additional layer is a UV-A filter.
  • the present invention also encompasses a device comprising at least one conductive or semi-conductive layer, and at least one additional layer, said additional layer having a composition comprising polystyrene (PS) and at least one, optionally coated, metal oxide particle.
  • PS polystyrene
  • metal oxide particle is coated.
  • the present invention also encompasses a device comprising at least one conductive or semi-conductive layer, and at least one UV filter, preferably a UV-A filter, said filter having a composition comprising polystyrene (PS) and at least one, optionally coated, metal oxide particle.
  • PS polystyrene
  • the composition comprising polystyrene can be formed from monomers having a phenyl group. More specifically, the polymer can be formed from monomers having an aromatic moiety and an unsaturated alkyl moiety. Such monomers may include monovinylaromatic compounds such as styrene as well as alkylated styrenes wherein the alkylated styrenes are alkylated in the nucleus or side- chain.
  • Alphamethyl styrene, t-butylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, acrylic and methacrylic acids or substituted esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, and vinyl toluene are suitable monomers that may be useful in forming a polystyrene based polymer of the invention. These monomers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,179,873 to Reimers et al., which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • the composition comprising polystyrene further comprises a comonomer which when polymerized with styrene forms a styrenic copolymer.
  • copolymers may include for example and without limitation omethylstyrene; halogenated styrenes; alkylated styrenes; acrylonitrile; esters of methacrylic acid with alcohols having 1 to 8 carbons; N-vinyl compounds such as vinylcarbazole and maleic anhydride; compounds which contain two polymerizable double bonds such as for example and without limitation divinylbenzene or butanediol diacrylate; or combinations thereof.
  • the comonomer may be present in an amount effective to impart one or more user-desired properties to the composition. Such effective amounts may be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art with the aid of this disclosure.
  • the comonomer may be present in the composition in an amount ranging from 0.1 wt.% to 99.9 wt.% by total weight of the composition, alternatively from 1 wt.% to 90 wt.%, and further alternatively from 1 wt.% to 50 wt.%.
  • the composition can comprise an elastomeric phase that is embedded in a polymer matrix.
  • the polymer may comprise a styrenic polymer having a conjugated diene monomer as the elastomer.
  • suitable conjugated diene monomers include without limitation are 1 ,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1 ,3-butadiene, and 2- chloro-1 ,3-butadiene.
  • the thermoplastic may comprise a styrenic polymer having an aliphatic conjugated diene monomer as the elastomer.
  • suitable aliphatic conjugated diene monomers include C4 to C9 dienes such as butadiene monomers.
  • Blends or copolymers of the diene monomers may also be used.
  • thermoplastic polymers include without limitation acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), high impact polystyrene (HIPS), methyl methacrylate butadiene (MBS), and the like.
  • ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
  • HIPS high impact polystyrene
  • MFS methyl methacrylate butadiene
  • the elastomer may be present in an amount effective to impart one or more user-desired properties to the composition. Such effective amounts may be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art with the aid of this disclosure.
  • the elastomer may be present in the composition in an amount ranging from 0.1 wt% to 50 wt% by total weight of the composition, or from 1 wt% to 25 wt%, or from 1 wt% to 10 wt%.
  • the composition comprises at least 50 wt% of polystyrene (PS) based on the total weight of the composition. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises at least 80 wt% of polystyrene (PS) based on the total weight of the composition. In a more preferred embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises at least 90 wt% of polystyrene (PS) based on the total weight of the composition.
  • PS polystyrene
  • the polystyrene for use in the invention has a mean molecular weight Mn higher than 20 000 and Da, preferably higher than 50 000, more preferably higher than 100 000 Da.
  • UV refers to the band of electro-magnetic radiation with a wavelength of 100 nm to 400 nm.
  • visible light refers to the band of electro-magnetic radiation with wavelengths approximately in the 400 nm to 750 nm range.
  • UV-A also referred to as UVA, Ultraviolet A, long wave, or black light
  • UV-B also referred to as UVB, Ultraviolet B, or medium wave
  • UVC also referred to as UVC, Ultraviolet C, short wave, or germicidal
  • UVC refers to the band of electro-magnetic radiation with a wavelength of 100 nm to 280 nm.
  • UV filter refers to a substance which is able to absorb ultraviolet rays and give off the absorbed energy again in the form of longer-wave radiation, e.g. heat.
  • light transmittance refers to the amount of light that is transmitted or passes through a substance or product, expressed as a percentage.
  • UV light transmittance of the UV filter suitable for use in the invention is less than 30%. In preferred embodiment of the invention, the UV light transmittance of the UV filter is less than 20%. In a more preferred embodiment of the invention, the UV light transmittance of the UV filter is less than 10%. In an even more preferred embodiment of the invention, the UV light transmittance of the UV filter is less than 5%.
  • UV-A light transmittance of the UV-A filter suitable for use in the invention is less than 30%. In preferred embodiment of the invention, the UV-A light transmittance of the UV-A filter is less than 20%. In a more preferred embodiment of the invention, the UV-A light transmittance of the UV-A filter is less than 10%. In an even more preferred embodiment of the invention, the UV-A light transmittance of the UV-A filter is less than 5%.
  • the UV filter or UV-A filter has limited absorption for light in the visible range of the spectrum.
  • the UV filter or the UV-A filter suitable for use in the present invention has a visible light transmittance of about 50% or greater.
  • the UV filter or the UV-A filter has a visible light transmittance of about 60% or greater.
  • the UV filter or the UV-A filter has a visible light transmittance of about 70% or greater.
  • the UV filter or the UV-A filter has a visible light transmittance of 75% or greater.
  • the additional layer has a composition comprising polystyrene, and at least one metal oxide particle, which can be coated.
  • metal oxide refers to a solid compound that contains a metal cation and an oxide anion.
  • the metal can be selected from the group comprising Ca, Mg, Ni, Cu, Ag, Si, Ti and Zn, and combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the metal is selected from the group comprising Ca, Mg, or Zn.
  • the at least one metal oxide particle is a zinc oxide (ZnO) particle.
  • the composition comprises between 0.01 wt% and 10 wt% of metal oxide based on the total weight of the composition, preferably between 0.5 wt% and 3 wt% based on the total weight of the composition, more preferably between 0.5 wt% and 1 .5 wt% based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the composition can comprises between 0.01 wt% and 10 wt% of zinc oxide based on the total weight of the composition, preferably between 0.5 wt% and 3 wt% based on the total weight of the composition, more preferably between 0.5 wt% and 1.5 wt% based on the total weight of the composition.
  • Nano-sized particles are preferred in order to obtain the best available dispersion with the lowest total amount of product. It thus allows optimizing other relevant properties of the material such as optical and/or mechanical properties.
  • nano-particles or “nano-sized particles” are particles having at least one of its average dimensions (diameter, width, thickness or length) ranging between 1 nanometer and 300 nanometers. In a preferred embodiment, the nano-particles have an average particle size of between 1 nanometer and 300 nanometers.
  • the at least one metal oxide particle has an average particle size smaller than or equal to 30 ⁇ , preferably smaller than or equal to 3 ⁇ , preferably smaller or equal to 300 nm, preferably smaller than or equal to 100 nm, more preferably smaller than or equal to 50 nm, more preferably smaller than or equal to 40 nm, more preferably smaller than or equal to 30 nm.
  • the at least one metal oxide particle preferably the zinc oxide particle
  • D99 maximum particle size
  • particle average size may be expressed as "Dxx" where the "xx” is the volume percent of that particle having a size equal to or less than the Dxx.
  • the D99 is defined as the particle size for which ninety nine percent by volume of the particles has a size lower than the D99.
  • the D99 can be measured by sieving, by BET surface measurement, or by laser diffraction analysis, for example using a Malvern analyzer.
  • the metal oxide particle is a coated metal oxide particle.
  • coated refers to the fact that the at least one metal oxide particle has undergone one or more surface treatments of chemical, electronic, mechanochemical and/or mechanical nature with compounds such as amino acids, beeswax, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, anionic surfactants, lecithins, sodium, potassium, zinc, iron or aluminum salts of fatty acids, metal (e.g.
  • the at least one metal oxide particle is coated with at least one compound selected from the group comprising silanes, tiophenes, citrates, or combinations thereof.
  • said at least one compound is a silane compound.
  • said at least one compound is an alkoxysilane compound.
  • the silane compound can be selected from the group comprising alkoxysilanes, silazanes and siloxanes.
  • Non-limiting examples of silazane compound can be hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS or Bis(trimethylsilyl)amine).
  • Non-limiting examples of siloxane compound can be selected from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane.
  • the silane compound coating the particle is an alkoxysilane.
  • alkoxysilane refers to a compound that comprises a silicon atom, at least one alkoxy group and at least one other organic group, wherein said silicon atom is bonded with said organic group by covalent bond.
  • the alkoxysilane is selected from the group comprising alkylsilanes; acryl-based silanes; vinyl-based silanes; aromatic silanes; epoxy-based silanes; amino-based silanes and amines that possess -NH 2 , -NHCH 3 or -N(CH 3 ) 2 ; ureide-based silanes; mercapto-based silanes; and, in addition alkoxysilanes which have a hydroxyl group (i.e., -OH).
  • An acryl- based silane may be selected from the group comprising [beta]-acryloxyethyl tnmethoxysilane; [beta]-acryloxypropyl tnmethoxysilane; [gamma]-acryloxyethyl tnmethoxysilane; [gamma]-acryloxypropyl tnmethoxysilane; [beta]-acryloxyethyl tnethoxysilane; [beta]-acryloxypropyl tnethoxysilane; [gamma]-acryloxyethyl tnethoxysilane; [gamma]-acryloxypropyl tnethoxysilane; [beta]-methacryloxyethyl tnmethoxysilane; [beta]-methacryloxypropyl tnmethoxysilane; [gamma]-methacryloxypropyl tnmethoxysilane;
  • a vinyl-based silane may be selected from the group comprising vinyl tnmethoxysilane; vinyl tnethoxysilane; p-styryl tnmethoxysilane, methylvinyldimethoxysilane, vinyldimethylmethoxysilane, divinyldimethoxysilane, vinyltris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane, and vinylbenzylethylenediaminopropyltrimethoxysilane.
  • An aromatic silane may be selected from phenyltrimethoxysilane and phenyltriethoxysilane.
  • An epoxy-based silane may be selected from the group comprising 3-glycydoxypropyl tnmethoxysilane; 3-glycydoxypropylmethyl diethoxysilane; 3- glycydoxypropyl tnethoxysilane; 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl tnmethoxysilane, and glycidyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane.
  • An amino-based silane may be selected from the group comprising 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane; 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane; 3- aminopropyldimethyl ethoxysilane; 3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane; 4- aminobutyltriethoxysilane; 3-aminopropyldiisopropyl ethoxysilane; 1 -amino-2- (dimethylethoxysilyl)propane; (aminoethylamino)-3-isobutyldimethyl methoxysilane; N-(2- aminoethyl)-3-aminoisobutylmethyl dimethoxysilane; (aminoethylaminomethyl)phenetyl trimethoxysilane; N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyl dimethoxysilane; N-(2- aminoethyl)-3
  • An ureide-based silane may be 3- ureidepropyl triethoxysilane.
  • a mercapto-based silane may be selected from the group comprising 3-mercaptopropylmethyl dimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane, and 3-mercaptopropyl triethoxysilane.
  • An alkoxysilane having a hydroxyl group may be selected from the group comprising hydroxymethyl triethoxysilane; N-(hydroxyethyl)-N- methylaminopropyl trimethoxysilane; bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane; N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4-hydroxy butylamide; 1 1 -(triethoxysilyl)undecanol; triethoxysilyl undecanol; ethylene glycol acetal; and N-(3-ethoxysilylpropyl)gluconamide.
  • alkylsilane suitable for the invention can be expressed with a general formula: R n Si(OR') 4 - n wherein: n is 1 , 2 or 3; R is a Ci -2 oalkyl; and R' is an Ci -2 oalkyl.
  • alkyl by itself or as part of another substituent, refers to a straight or branched or cyclic saturated hydrocarbon group joined by single carbon-carbon bonds having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for example 1 to 10 carbon atoms, for example 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • the subscript refers to the number of carbon atoms that the named group may contain.
  • Ci -6 alkyl means an alkyl of one to six carbon atoms.
  • alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, ie f-butyl, 2- methylbutyl, pentyl iso-amyl and its isomers, hexyl and its isomers, heptyl and its isomers, octyl and its isomer, decyl and its isomer, dodecyl and its isomers.
  • C 2 - 2 oalkenyl by itself or as part of another substituent, refers to an unsaturated hydrocarbyl group, which may be linear, or branched, comprising one or more carbon- carbon double bonds having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of C 2-6 alkenyl groups are ethenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-pentenyl and its isomers, 2-hexenyl and its isomers, 2,4-pentadienyl and the like.
  • Suitable alkylsilane may be selected from the group comprising methyltrimethoxysilane; methyltriethoxysilane; ethyltrimethoxysilane; ethyltriethoxysilane; propyltrimethoxysilane; propyltriethoxysilane; hexyltrimethoxysilane; hexyltriethoxysilane; octyltrimethoxysilane; octyltriethoxysilane; decyltrimethoxysilane; decyltriethoxysilane; dodecyltrimethoxysilane: dodecyltriethoxysilane; tridecyltrimethoxysilane; dodecyltriethoxysilane; hexadecyltrimethoxysilane; hexadecyltriethoxysilane; octadecy
  • the silane compound coating the particle is an alkylsilane.
  • said silane compound is selected from triethoxyoctylsilane, trimethoxyoctylsilane or combinations thereof.
  • the coated metal oxide particle is a zinc oxide particle coated with a silane. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the coated metal oxide particle is a zinc oxide particle coated with an alkylsilane. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the coated metal oxide particle is a zinc oxide particle coated with octyltrimethoxysilane. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the coated metal oxide particle is a zinc oxide particle coated with octyltriethoxysilane.
  • composition may further comprise at least one additive.
  • the invention therefore also encompasses the use as described herein or the device as described herein wherein the composition comprises from 0% to 10 wt% of at least one additive based on the total weight of the composition.
  • said composition comprises less than 5 wt% of additive based on the total weight of the composition, for example 0.1 to 3 wt% of additive based on the total weight of the composition.
  • Said additive may be selected from the group comprising:
  • Suitable UV-stabilizing agents include for example, hydroxybenzophenones; hydroxybenzotriazoles; hydroxybenzotriazines; cyanoacrylates; oxanilides; benzoxazinones; 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(1 ,1 ,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenol (CYASORB 541 1 ); 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone (CYASORB 531 ); 2-[4,6-bis(2,4- dimethylphenyl)- 1 ,3,5-triazin-2-yl]- 5-(octyloxy)-phenol (CYASORB 1 164); 2,2'-(1 ,4- phenylene)bis(4H-3,1 -benzoxazin-4-one) (CYASORB UV- 3638); 1 ,3-bis[(2-cyano-3,3- diphenylacryloyl)oxy]-2,2-bis
  • Plasticizers, lubricants, and/or mold release agents additives may also be used.
  • phthalic acid esters such as dioctyl-4,5-epoxy-hexahydrophthalate; tris- (octoxycarbonylethyl)isocyanurate; tristearin; di- or polyfunctional aromatic phosphates such as resorcinol tetraphenyl diphosphate (RDP), the bis(diphenyl) phosphate of hydroquinone and the bis(diphenyl) phosphate of bisphenol-A; poly- alpha-olefins; epoxidized soybean oil; silicones, including silicone oils; sodium, calcium or magnesium salts of fatty acids such as lauric acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid or stearic acid; esters, for example, fatty acid esters such as alkyl stearyl esters, e.g., methyl stearate;
  • the present invention also encompasses the use of said composition for the preparation of a film.
  • the present invention also encompasses a device wherein the at least one additional layer is a film.
  • the film has a thickness between 1 ⁇ and 0.5 mm, preferably between 4 ⁇ and 150 ⁇ , more preferably between 30 ⁇ and 150 ⁇ .
  • the composition comprising polystyrene and metal oxide particles can be readily prepared by any method known in the art.
  • the components of the composition can be blended together by melt extrusion or can be admixed together on a conventional mixing machine such as an extruder, a kneader or a continuous mixer.
  • composition of the present invention can be formed into film using any technique known in the art such as a cast method.
  • the film can be obtained using a cast film process, wherein a flat die extruder is used for extruding the composition for use in the present invention. The film is then cast on a chill roll where cooling quenches it.
  • the film can be obtained by extrusion coating process, wherein a flat die extruder is used for extruding the composition for use in the present invention. The film is then cast on a support.
  • the film can be co-extruded with one or more other polymer compositions to form a multi-layered film.
  • the film can also be used in a lamination process.
  • the polystyrene film is stretched to form oriented polystyrene (OPS).
  • OPS oriented polystyrene
  • the film can be used as a substrate in production processes used for production of multilayer devices with at least one organic UV-sensitive layer. Such processes can include, for example, spin coating, vacuum thermal evaporation, vapor phase deposition, printing technologies or coating.
  • the film generally has a higher gloss than the neat polystyrene.
  • the film is particularly useful for the preparation of a device comprising at least one at least one conductive or semiconductive layer.
  • this layer or film having a composition as described herein can be multiple: it can serve as a support for the whole structure. It can be used as a barrier layer for example to prevent migration of water, gas, and the like. This layer can be used as external layer, and can provide a very high gloss to the structure. In particular this layer has the advantage of being a UV barrier.
  • the present invention also encompasses a device comprising at least one conductive or semi-conductive layer, and at least one additional layer, said additional layer having a composition comprising polystyrene and at least one, optionally coated, metal oxide particle.
  • the present invention encompasses a device comprising at least one conductive or semi-conductive layer, and at least one film having a composition comprising polystyrene and at least one, optionally coated, metal oxide particle.
  • the term "conductive layer” refers to a layer comprising a conductive material, i.e. a material that does not have a band gap or that has a very small band gap.
  • the term "semi-conductive layer” refers to a layer comprising a semi- conductive material, i.e. a material with a band gap smaller than 5 eV. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the band gap of the semi-conductive material is smaller than 3 eV. In a more preferred embodiment of the invention, the band gap of the semi- conductive material is between 1 and 2 eV.
  • the at least one conductive or semi-conductive layer is organic.
  • the conductive or semi-conductive layer comprises an organic conductor or semiconductor. More preferably the conductive or semi-conductive layer comprises a polymeric organic conductor or semiconductor.
  • the polymeric organic conductor or semiconductor is selected from the list comprising poly(fluorene), polyphenylene, polypyrene, polyazulene, polynaphthalene, poly(pyrrole) (PPY), polycarbazole, polyindole, polyazepine, polyaniline (PANI), poly(thiophene) (PT), poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), poly(dioctyl-bithiophene) (PDOT), poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS), poly(p- phenylene vinylene) (PPV), poly(acetylene) (PAC) and their derivatives.
  • Conductive and semiconductive polymers are lighter, more flexible, and less expensive than inorganic conductors. This makes them a desirable alternative in many applications. It also creates the possibility of new applications that would be impossible using copper or silicon.
  • the organic conductor or semiconductor is a polythiophene derivative, particularly poly (3 hexyl thiophene).
  • the polythiophene derivative is the "donor" component, combined with fullerene based compound, such as, for example, [6,6]-phenyl-C 6 rbutyric acid methyl ester (PC[60]BM), or a carbon nanotube (CNT) based compound as the "acceptor" component.
  • the device is selected from the group comprising an electric, an electronic, an optic, a photoelectric and a photovoltaic module or device.
  • the device is selected from the group comprising a photovoltaic cell, a light-emitting diode, a fuel cell, a battery, a sensor, a field effect transistor and a display.
  • the device is a photovoltaic cell.
  • the device is flexible.
  • the device is an organic electronic device.
  • organic electronic device does not only include devices based on organic semiconductors, but also devices comprising organic dielectrics, conductors and light emitters. Examples of organic electronic devices include organic field-effect transistors (OFET), organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) and organic photovoltaic cell (OPVC).
  • OFET organic field-effect transistors
  • OLED organic light-emitting diodes
  • OPVC organic photovoltaic cell
  • the device is an organic photovoltaic cell (OPVC).
  • OPVC organic photovoltaic cell
  • the additional layer is used as a support in organic multilayer photovoltaic devices.
  • the organic photovoltaic cell according to an embodiment of the invention can comprise a planar heterojunction (PHJ), a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) or an ordered heterojunction (OHJ).
  • An organic photovoltaic cell according to an embodiment of the invention can be manufactured by any technique known in the art.
  • the photovoltaic cell is manufactured by laminated multiple layers onto a support.
  • the organic photovoltaic cell can comprise multiple layers: a substrate or support layer, a transparent first electrode layer, optionally an interlayer, an active layer and a second electrode layer.
  • the substrate layer or support layer comprises a composition comprising PS and at least one, optionally coated, metal oxide particle.
  • any transparent electrode is suitable such as one formed from a layer of transparent conductive oxide, such as indium tin oxide (ITO).
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • the interlayer comprises a conductive organic material, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (also known as PEDOT:PSS).
  • the interlayer may further comprise any conjugated families, compounds, their derivatives, moieties etc, for example: polyfluorene, polyphenylenevinylene, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinylcarbazol (PVK) thiophene and their derivatives which include cross-linkable forms.
  • the interlayer can be arranged between the electrodes and the active layer.
  • the active layer can comprise any electron accepting material, such as a fullerene, and any electron donating material, such as an active polymer, for example polythiophene.
  • the second electrode can comprise any metal, such as aluminium or silver, or a combination of two or more metals, such as calcium and aluminium or calcium and silver or lithium fluoride and aluminium or lithium fluoride and silver.
  • composition is thus an improved UV-filter, and provides an improved shelf-life of the active organic layer in a photovoltaic device.
  • Example 1 Preparation of a polyolefin layer for use in the device according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • a film was prepared using polystyrene (dear inventor kindly provide info on suitable PS) and 1 % of Zano20 (ZnO particles coated with triethoxy caprylylsilane), commercialized by Umicore Zinc Chemicals (Belgium).
  • the transmittance was smaller than 5 % for all wavelengths smaller than 375 nm - above 450 nm at least until 800 nm, the highest considered wavelength, all transmittance was higher than 75 %.
  • the film can thus be used as a substrate e.g. for the production of a photovoltaic organic device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un dispositif comprenant au moins une couche conductrice ou semi-conductrice, et au moins une couche supplémentaire, ladite couche supplémentaire ayant une composition comprenant du polystyrène (PS) et au moins une particule d'oxyde métallique, éventuellement revêtue.
PCT/EP2012/063459 2011-07-12 2012-07-10 Dispositif comprenant une couche polymère WO2013007716A1 (fr)

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EP11173573.4 2011-07-12

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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014161100A1 (fr) * 2013-04-03 2014-10-09 Nanograde Ag Couches tampon fonctionnalisées de silane et dispositifs électroniques comprenant lesdites couches
US9911917B2 (en) 2013-12-12 2018-03-06 Avantama Ag Electronic devices comprising solution-processable metal oxide buffer layers
WO2021250820A1 (fr) * 2020-06-10 2021-12-16 シャープ株式会社 Élément électroluminescent

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US7179873B2 (en) 2005-01-26 2007-02-20 Fina Technology, Inc. Branched ionomers
US20080248289A1 (en) * 2005-11-25 2008-10-09 Gerhard Jonschker Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
US20090233090A1 (en) * 2005-10-03 2009-09-17 Minhao Wong Transparent polymer nanocomposites containing nanoparticles and method of making same
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WO2010035935A1 (fr) * 2008-09-23 2010-04-01 Kyunghee University Industrial & Academic Collaboration Foundation Dispositif à film mince organique

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US20030051751A1 (en) * 1998-10-13 2003-03-20 Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. Protective sheet for solar battery module, method of fabricating the same and solar battery module
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US20100043871A1 (en) * 2008-04-14 2010-02-25 Bp Corporation North America Inc. Thermal Conducting Materials for Solar Panel Components
WO2010035935A1 (fr) * 2008-09-23 2010-04-01 Kyunghee University Industrial & Academic Collaboration Foundation Dispositif à film mince organique

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014161100A1 (fr) * 2013-04-03 2014-10-09 Nanograde Ag Couches tampon fonctionnalisées de silane et dispositifs électroniques comprenant lesdites couches
CN105074952A (zh) * 2013-04-03 2015-11-18 纳米格拉德股份公司 硅烷功能化缓冲层和包括该缓冲层的电子设备
US9911917B2 (en) 2013-12-12 2018-03-06 Avantama Ag Electronic devices comprising solution-processable metal oxide buffer layers
WO2021250820A1 (fr) * 2020-06-10 2021-12-16 シャープ株式会社 Élément électroluminescent

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