WO2013004956A1

WO2013004956A1 - Drilling mast having a double drawing capacity

Info

Publication number: WO2013004956A1
Application number: PCT/FR2012/051511
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jean-Claude Bourdon; Olivier MIREUX
Original assignee: Dietswell
Priority date: 2011-07-01
Filing date: 2012-06-29
Publication date: 2013-01-10
Also published as: FR2977271B1; FR2977271A1

Abstract

The invention relates a drilling mast, including: a stationary structure (4); a jar (6) slidably mounted on said structure; a carriage (7) provided with a drilling head (23) and slidably mounted on the jar; two jacks (8) on which the jar rests; two pulleys (21) rigidly connected to the jar, over each of which a cable (22) is strung, a first end of the cable being attached to the structure and the other end thereof being rigidly connected to the carriage, such that, when the jack moves in one direction, the carriage moves in the same direction; and a drawing tool (24) mounted at the bottom of the jar and provided for extracting a drill rod (2). Thus, when the jar (6) moves, the tool (24) is directly engaged with the jacks (8), such that the drawing force of the tool (24) is equal to the sum of the forces generated by all of the jacks, as opposed to the carriage which, due to the strung cables, has a force equal to half of that of the tool. However, the travel of the tool (24) can only be equal to the travel of the jacks (8)

Description

DRILLING MACHINE WITH DOUBLE TRACTION CAPACITY.

The present invention relates to the field of drilling installations, particularly to mobile drilling rigs, but not exclusively.

In general, it is known that the drilling is carried out using drill units provided with a mast along which is slidably mounted a carriage carrying a driving head. This drive head is used to generate the rotation of a drill pipe (or a drill string) whose lower end is provided with excavation means such as, for example, a drill bit. It turns out that in installations of this type, the tensile forces exerted on the cable by the winch, in particular with a view to raising the drill rods or drill pipe trains, refer to the mast which is therefore subjected to compression effort. This compressive force is the result of the tensile forces exerted by the cable, resistant forces, including the weight of the drill pipe or the drill string and the friction forces between the drill pipe or the drill string. drilling and soil. To resume these efforts without oversizing the mast, some installations of the aforementioned type involve a mast comprising a fixed structure on which is slidably mounted a movable structure carrying the drill head.

Document FR 2 916 012 describes such a mobile installation consisting of a towed or self-propelled vehicle equipped with a platform. In this installation, driving the mobile structure along the structure fixed is provided by one or more linear cylinders oriented parallel to the mast, one end of each cylinder bearing on the fixed structure, while the other end carries a pulley around which passes one or more cables or one or more chains whose one end is secured to the fixed structure while the other end is secured to the movable structure.

However, it is sometimes necessary to remove the casing tubes used, or the drill string, when they are stuck in the well. This removal often requires a much greater effort than that required for drilling.

The invention aims to provide a device and a method for applying a sufficient force, including removing the casing tubes; typically, to be able to provide a device and a method for applying to the drill string or casing tube a double force of the available tensile force by means of the drill head.

According to a first object of the invention, such a device is a drilling rig characterized in that it comprises:

a carriage provided with a drill head for fixing and driving in rotation a driven element such as a drill pipe or a drill string for drilling; a traction tool comprising gripping means;

- Motor means for moving the carriage and the tool in a longitudinal direction;

means for amplifying the movement of the carriage relative to the displacement of said motor means; and,

direct engagement means between said motor means and the tool.

Such a drilling rig may comprise, in a particular embodiment:

- a fixed structure;

- A slide slidably mounted on the fixed structure, in a longitudinal direction; - A carriage slidably mounted on the slide in the longitudinal direction, the carriage being provided with a drill head for fixing and driving in rotation of a driven element such as a drill pipe or a drill string drilling used to drill;

at least one jack, in particular for moving the slide relative to the structure, the slide being secured in displacement of a rod of the jack,

- A traction tool mounted integral with the movement of the cylinder rod, the tool comprising gripping means;

at least one pulley having an axis of rotation integral with displacement of the jack rod,

at least one cable which is slid over the pulley, a first end of the cable being fixedly mounted relative to the structure and the second end of the cable being secured to the carriage, so that when the cylinder rod moves in one direction, the carriage is moves in the same direction over a distance multiple of the stroke of the cylinder. The gripping means may be provided to engage a casing tube and / or be provided to engage a drill pipe.

The gripping means may advantageously comprise a hydraulic wedge.

The installation, for example the pulling tool, may comprise means for moving the tube, for example laterally, out of the borehole.

The longitudinal direction being considered substantially vertical, the slide may comprise a beam which rests on the upper ends of the rods of each cylinder and the amounts, intended to slide the carriage, which extend downwardly from the beam, the pulling tool being attached to lower ends of said posts. According to a second object of the invention, a method for extracting an object, in particular a casing tube, from a drilling using a mast comprising:

a carriage provided with a drill head for fixing and driving in rotation a driven element such as a drill pipe or a drill string for drilling;

- Motor means for moving the carriage and the tool in a longitudinal direction;

means for amplifying the movement of the carriage relative to the displacement of said motor means,

characterized in that the object is grasped by means of a traction tool in direct contact with the motor means, and in that the tool is moved using the drive means 'away from the borehole.

Thus, when the mast used comprises a sliding slide in a fixed structure and a drilling head sliding in the slide and connected to said fixed structure by a hafting carried by said slide, so that the moving speed of the drill head is double of that of the slide, the method is characterized in that the object is grasped with the aid of a traction tool integral in translation with said slide, and in that said slide is moved in such a way that 'away from the borehole.

This operation can be repeated until the object is extracted from the borehole. Then, when the object is extracted from the borehole, it can advantageously be moved out of alignment with the borehole and then grasped by means of a lifting means. These lifting means are advantageously conventional means, such as a mobile crane, for example.

Several embodiments of the invention will be described below, by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings in which:

- Figure 1 is a schematic elevational view and "face" of a mast according to the invention, in a first phase of removal of a casing tube; FIG. 2 is similar to that of FIG. 1, at the end of the first withdrawal phase of the tube;

- Figure 3 is similar to that of Figure 1, in a second phase of removal of the tube;

- Figure 4 is similar to that of Figure 2, at the end of the second phase of removal of the tube;

- Figure 5 is a schematic side view of the mast, in a third phase of removal of the tube; and,

- Figure 6 is a view similar to that of Figure 5, illustrating the removal of the tube with a crane.

The elements described according to the arrangement of these elements in the figures will be named "up" and "down". In addition, for the sake of simplicity, the term "cable" is used in the description to denote any means of the same type, including a chain. In addition, the description is made in the case of vertical drilling; the invention remains applicable in the case of non-vertical drilling, especially in the case of machines that can have the same kinematics, but intended to drill with an angle of up to 45 ° relative to the vertical.

Figure 1 illustrates a drillpole 1 according to the invention. Figures 2, 3 and 4 illustrate the same mast in other configurations than that of Figure 1, on a reduced scale. Figures 1 to 4 together illustrate the extraction of a casing tube 2 of the borehole in which it had been disposed.

The mast 1 rests on a platform 3. This platform 3 can advantageously be the platform of a towed or self-propelled vehicle. The mast includes a fixed structure 4, a slide 6, a carriage 7 and jacks 8. The slide is provided to move in translation along the structure 4 and the carriage 7 is provided to move in translation along the the slide 6. The cylinders 8 are in particular provided to ensure the movements of the slide 6 and the carriage 7. In the drilling position, illustrated in the figures, the mast 1 is arranged substantially vertically and the movements of the slide and the carriage are substantially vertical displacements. In this position, the mast is substantially symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane P, which, in the case of Figures 1 to 4 would be parallel to the elevation of each figure, and simultaneously perpendicular to the plane of the figures.

The fixed structure 4 comprises in particular two columns 11, each vertically arranged in the illustrated example. In this example, the cylinders 8 are of the hydraulic cylinder type whose cylinder 14, fixed, rests on the platform 3; each of the cylinders 8 is arranged vertically in a respective column 11, so that when the rod 12 of the cylinder 8 is deployed, it extends vertically upwards, beyond an upper end 13 of the respective column 11.

The slide 6 comprises two substantially vertical uprights 16 and a horizontal beam 17. The uprights 16 extend downwardly from the beam 17. Each end 18 of the beam 17 rests on an upper end 19 of the rod 12 of a jack 8. Thus, the slide 6 is directly driven in vertical translation by the cylinders 8. The columns 11 provide a translational guide for the slide 6.

A pulley 21 is attached to the slide 6 above each end

18 of the beam 17. The pulleys are integral in translation with the slide 6. Each pulley has a horizontal axis of rotation X21 and parallel to the plane of symmetry P. At least one cable 22 is immersed at each pulley 21. A first end of cable 22 is fixed to the fixed structure; here at the upper end 13 of a respective column 11, on the same side as the pulley 21 on which the cable 22 is immersed; the other end of the cable is fixed to the carriage 7. The carriage 7 is thus held suspended from the cables 22. The carriage 7 is mounted in vertical translation between the uprights 16 of the slide 6; the uprights 16 providing a translation guide for the carriage 7. The carriage 7 comprises a drill head 23. The mast 1 further comprises a traction tool 24. The tool 24 comprises a hydraulic wedge 26 carried by two arms 27. Each arm 27 is mounted at a lower end 28 of a respective upright 16, and is articulated around it. an axis of rotation X24, horizontal and perpendicular to the plane of symmetry P, common to the two arms 27. The hydraulic wedge 26 is articulated at the end of the arms 27, about an axis of rotation X26, horizontal and perpendicular to the plane of symmetry P; the hydraulic wedge 26 is called pulling wedge 26 in the following description. In FIGS. 1 to 4, the arms 27 extend substantially vertically from the lower ends 28 of the uprights 16.

Note that, in a vertical displacement of the slide 6 upwards, the tool 24 is in direct contact with the cylinders 8, that is to say integral with the displacement of the rods 12 of the cylinders 8, so that if is suitably sized, the pulling force of the tool 24 is equal to the sum of the forces generated by all the cylinders; unlike the carriage, which, because of hauling, deploys a force that is half the sum of the forces generated by the set of cylinders. However, the stroke of the tool 24 can only be equal to the stroke of the cylinders 8.

The operation of the device will now be described when it is used to remove a casing tube 2 or a string of tubes. Note that the platform 3 includes its own hydraulic wedge 29, said wedge, designed to retain the upper tube 2. The tool 24 is used for removal of the tube 2, when necessary, for example in case of jamming in the drilling in progress.

A first phase of withdrawal is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.

As illustrated in Figure 1, we just take the tube 2 near its upper end, with the wedge 26 under the flange 31 provided for the connection of the tube 2 with another. A lifting ring 32, provided with a sling 33, is disposed between the pulling wedge 26 and the flange 31. The pulling wedge is arranged so that the ring 31 is not pinched between the wedge 26 and the flange 31 during removal operations of the tube 2.

Once the tool 24 is properly engaged with the tube 2, the tube is released from the retaining wedge 29, then the slide 6 is moved upwards, at most until the carriage 7 reaches its maximum possible height. under the beam, as shown in Figure 2. If the stroke of the cylinders 8, so the tool 24 is shorter than the tube is long, a recovery of the tube 2 is necessary. This is the case in the example described.

A second phase of withdrawal, for the recovery of the tube, is illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.

The tube 2 is then taken up by the retaining wedge 29, then the tool 24 is lowered as low as possible without the carriage 7 striking the upper end of the tube 2, as illustrated in FIG.

The tube 2 is then taken up using the pulling wedge 26, and once the tool 24 is properly engaged with the tube 2, the tube is released from the retaining wedge 29, then the slide 6 is moved towards the top, until the carriage 7 reaches at most its maximum height under the beam, as shown in Figure 4.

The recovery phase is repeated as many times as necessary so that the tube 2 can be separated from a tube 102 which is immediately below it, if there is one, as is the case illustrated in FIGS. .

Figures 5 is 6 describe a third phase of removal of the tube 2, once it has been extracted from the borehole in the first and second phases previously described.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, once the lower tube 102 engages with the retaining wedge 29, then the tube 2 disengaged from the lower tube 102, the arms 27 are tilted about the axis X24 so as to disengage the tube 2 from the plumb of the borehole and the sling 33 is attached to a crane 36.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, once the sling is put under tension, the grip of the tool 24 on the tube 2 is released, then the tool 24 is lowered to escape tube 2 by its lower end 37. The tube 2 is then independent of the mast 1 and can be freely manipulated by the crane 36.

The same operation can then be repeated for each of the tubes of a train of tubes 2, 102, successively, to resume drilling.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described.

Thus, although the description has been made with reference to vertical drilling, a mast according to the invention is quite suitable for drilling inclined or horizontal.

Also, the cylinders may, for example, be replaced by rack means and / or the cables may be replaced by chains.

The gripping means, that is to say the wedge, can be, as in the example illustrated, a hydraulic wedge, but also, for example, a pneumatic or mechanical wedge. The same goes for the restraint corner.

A mast according to the invention therefore has an increased lifting capacity, suitable for the extraction of casing tubes or a drill string. A mast according to the invention therefore makes it possible to apply to the drill string or to the casing the entire traction force which the installation is capable of. Thus, in the example illustrated, the lifting capacity is doubled with respect to a mast of the prior art. As a result, a mast according to the invention having, for example, a nominal drilling capacity of 160T has a tensile capacity of 320T, where a similar mast of the prior art would have a pulling capacity of only 160T.

Claims

claims

Drilling mast characterized in that it comprises:

a carriage (7) provided with a drill head (23) for fastening and driving in rotation a driven element such as a drill pipe or a string of drill pipes used for drilling;

a traction tool (24) comprising gripping means (26);

- motor means (8) for moving the carriage (7) and the tool (24) in a longitudinal direction (D);

amplification means (21, 22) for moving the carriage relative to the displacement of said motor means; and,

direct engagement means (6) between said motor means and the tool.

2. Drill mast characterized in that it comprises:

- a fixed structure (4);

- A slide (6) slidably mounted on said fixed structure, in a longitudinal direction (D);

- A carriage (7) slidably mounted on the slide in said longitudinal direction, said carriage being provided with a drill head (23) for fixing and driving in rotation of a driven element such as a rod. drilling or a drill string for drilling;

at least one jack (8), in particular for moving the slide relative to the structure, the slide being integral in displacement of a rod (12) of said jack,

a pulling tool (24) mounted integral with said rod (12) of said ram, said tool comprising gripping means (26); at least one pulley (21) having an axis of rotation (X21) integral in displacement of said cylinder rod,

at least one cable (22) slid over said pulley, a first end of the cable being fixedly mounted relative to the structure and the second end of said cable being secured to the carriage, so that when the cylinder rod moves in one direction, the carriage moves in the same direction.

3. Drill rig according to claim 2, characterized in that the gripping means (26) are provided for engaging with a casing tube (2).

4. Drill pipe according to claim 3, characterized in that the gripping means comprise a hydraulic wedge (26).

5. Drill pipe according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the tool (24) comprises means (27) for moving the tube outside the borehole drilling.

6. Drill pipe according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the longitudinal direction (D) being considered vertically, the slide (6) comprises a beam (17) which rests on the upper ends of the rods of each cylinder and uprights (16) for sliding the carriage (7), which extend downwardly from the beam, and in that the tool (24) is attached to lower ends of said posts.

7. A method of extracting an object, in particular a casing tube (2) or drill rods, from a drilling using a mast (1) comprising:

- motor means (8) for moving the carriage (7) and the tool (24) in a longitudinal direction (D); and,

- reduction means (21, 22) between said motor means and the carriage, characterized in that the object is grasped by means of a traction tool (24) in direct contact with said motor means (8), and in that said tool (24) is moved to the using said motor means away from the borehole.

8. A method for extracting an object, in particular a casing tube (2), from a drilling using a mast (1) comprising a slide (6) sliding in a fixed structure (4) and a head of drilling (7, 23) sliding in the slide and connected to said fixed structure (4) by a hafting (21, 22) carried by said slide, so that the speed of movement of the drill head is twice that of the slide,

characterized in that the object is grasped by means of a traction tool (24) integral in translation with said slide (4), and in that said slide is moved away from the borehole .

9. Method according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the preceding operation is repeated until the object (2) is extracted from the borehole.

10. Method according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that when the object is extracted from the borehole it is moved out of alignment with the borehole and is grasped using a lifting means (36).