WO2013004014A1 - Metal substrate electric heating foil - Google Patents

Metal substrate electric heating foil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013004014A1
WO2013004014A1 PCT/CN2011/076904 CN2011076904W WO2013004014A1 WO 2013004014 A1 WO2013004014 A1 WO 2013004014A1 CN 2011076904 W CN2011076904 W CN 2011076904W WO 2013004014 A1 WO2013004014 A1 WO 2013004014A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composite glass
electric heating
glass ceramic
metal
metal substrate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/076904
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张鸿鸣
沈稚鸣
Original Assignee
Zhang Hongming
Shen Zhiming
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhang Hongming, Shen Zhiming filed Critical Zhang Hongming
Priority to PCT/CN2011/076904 priority Critical patent/WO2013004014A1/en
Publication of WO2013004014A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013004014A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/283—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric heater.
  • Existing electric heaters mainly include a tubular electric heater and a sheet-shaped electric heater.
  • the temperature control adopts a temperature control form of an external temperature sensing element, that is, the temperature sensing element is placed at or close to a position requiring temperature control. Perceive the temperature change, the temperature control device controls the electric heater to be energized or de-energized or controls the voltage or current to achieve the purpose of temperature control, overheat protection and display.
  • tubular electric heaters that use a cast aluminum to expand the heat dissipation area with a temperature sensing element embedded.
  • the existing electric heaters in the field of low-temperature electric heating have the following disadvantages: the electric heating tube heater has a small heating area, the surface heating is uneven, the local is easy to overheat, the liquid heating is easy to scale, and the volume is large, the thermal inertia is large, and the temperature is high.
  • the sensing element has a relatively slow reaction speed and a relatively low efficiency, due to the excessive concentration of heat and short life.
  • Sheet-shaped electric heaters because most of the conductive inks or conductive pastes are used to form electric heating elements by screen printing process, the thermal shock resistance is poor, and it is easy to be damaged due to voltage fluctuations and heating environment changes, and the cost is high, and the actual promotion is seriously influences.
  • the temperature sensing element and the temperature control device of the existing chip electric heater have the following disadvantages, because the thickness of the chip electric heater is larger than that of the book, the temperature sensing element and the temperature controller are large, and the installation position is limited, resulting in a relative temperature sensing error. Larger, the reaction speed is relatively slow, the overheat protection is not timely enough, and the applicable occasions are limited. Summary of the invention
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a hot habit.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solution: It comprises a metal substrate on which a multi-phase composite glass ceramic as a thermally conductive insulating material is sintered, and the multi-phase composite glass ceramic is mainly embedded or embedded with a temperature sensing element and as A metal resistor foil and/or a metal resistance wire of the electric heating element.
  • the present invention may also adopt the following further technical solutions:
  • the slurry of the multiphase composite glass ceramic of the present invention is combined with a metal substrate, and the electric heating element and/or temperature sensing element embedded or embedded therein under pressure (generally 2.0 MPa pressure: ⁇ 4.0 MPa, Sintering under pressure conditions is mainly to improve the compactness and lower the sintering temperature. There is no limit to the upper limit of the pressure. However, from the perspective of economy and effect, the above target effect can be achieved at 4.0 MPa, and the effect of continuing to increase the pressure is not obvious.
  • the compactness is improved, and a multi-phase composite glass ceramic having a relative density of 95% is formed, and a eutectic layer and/or mechanical anchoring is formed at the interface with the metal substrate, the electric heating element, and the temperature sensing element. And closely combined.
  • the relative density is the ratio of the actual density to the theoretical density.
  • the eutectic layer is a new alloy layer formed by sintering the multiphase composite glass ceramic and the metal substrate, the electric heating element and the temperature sensing element; and the mechanical anchoring is a sintering process, the multiphase composite glass ceramic penetrates into the metal substrate, and the electric heating In the capillary pores of the surface of the element and the temperature sensing element, a form of bonding is formed to form a bond.
  • the glass ceramics according to the book "High Performance Multiphase Composite Ceramics” by Tsinghua University (published by Tsinghua University Press, February 2008, Huang Yong, Wang Chang'an, etc.), the glassy solid is metastable. Some compositions of glass can be crystallized into a large number of microcrystals after heat treatment. Such a glass containing a large amount of microcrystals is called a glass ceramic or a glass ceramic. Glass ceramics are a commonly used matrix material that forms a multiphase composite glass ceramic when added to other phases.
  • the multiphase composite glass ceramic is a glass ceramic composed of two or more phases, and the phases are similar and different.
  • the multiphase composite glass ceramic of the present invention adopts a layered multiphase composite glass ceramic, that is, the multiphase composite glass ceramic is composed of a plurality of glass ceramic-based multiphase composite materials, and the glass ceramics are used as a matrix, and each Layers are added and/or sintered according to different performance requirements to form materials with different phases, which enhance, toughen, increase thermal conductivity, improve insulation, and match thermal expansion coefficients between layers. It is ensured that the performance change of the layered multiphase composite glass ceramics in the thickness direction layer can be smoothly transitioned to adapt to the temperature gradient change between the metal substrate and the electric heating element.
  • the layered multiphase composite glass ceramic is composed of a bottom multiphase composite glass ceramic and a plurality of functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramics, and the functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic may have one or more layers according to different performance requirements of the electric heater product. Layers, each layer has thermal and/or insulating functions and a matching coefficient of thermal expansion between the layers, depending on performance requirements.
  • the functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic has a multiphase composite glass ceramic with the bottom layer and the electric heating element by one or more layers combined
  • the temperature sensing elements have matching coefficients of thermal expansion
  • the layers of the multiphase composite glass ceramic have a thermal expansion coefficient of 8 X 10-7 ° C and a thermal expansion coefficient of 17 X 10-7 ° C, and are adapted to the electric heating element and the metal substrate.
  • the temperature gradient varies to improve the thermal shock resistance.
  • thermal shock resistance coefficient is an index indicating the thermal shock resistance.
  • the physical meaning of the thermal shock resistance coefficient is that the difference AT max between the initial temperature and the temperature at which the material begins to crack when the material is quenched and quenched is called the thermal shock resistance coefficient. The higher the value, the stronger the thermal shock resistance.
  • the present invention adopts the following reinforcement and toughening measures for the glass ceramic to improve the thermal shock resistance: the material is improved by pressure sintering. Density, try to eliminate crack defects in the glass ceramic body; add a second phase in the glass ceramic, such as particles (nanoparticles and / or microparticles) and / or whiskers and / or fibers and other reinforcements, that is, the use of particles Toughening and/or toughening of whiskers and/or toughening of fibers; multi-phase composite glass ceramics with layered structure. After the above measures are mainly taken, the layered multiphase composite glass ceramic of the present invention has a heat shock resistance coefficient of 600 AT max 350.
  • each layer of the layered multiphase composite glass ceramic slurry or green sheet and metal substrate, electric heating element and temperature The sensing elements are stacked together, under pressure (typically 2.0MPa pressure 4.0MPa), after one or more sintering, the compactness is improved, and the thermally conductive insulating glass ceramic is formed: each layer forms a relative density of 95 % of multiphase composite glass ceramic; between the bottom layer multiphase composite glass ceramic and the metal substrate, a partial functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic and the electric heating element and the temperature sensing element respectively form a eutectic layer and/or a mechanical anchor Set and tightly combined; the adjacent layers of multi-phase composite glass ceramics are tightly combined, the thermal expansion coefficient is matched, and various performance changes can be smoothly transitioned to accommodate the temperature gradient between the electric heating element and the metal substrate.
  • pressure typically 2.0MPa pressure 4.0MPa
  • the thermal expansion coefficients of the layers of the layered multiphase composite glass ceramic are matched, and at the same time, the metal substrate, the electric heating element and the temperature sensing element also have a matching coefficient of thermal expansion.
  • the multi-phase composite glass ceramic and the air contact portion are coated with a high temperature resistant insulating sealing coating, and penetrate into the capillary pores of the multiphase composite glass ceramic surface to insulate the air, preventing moisture from infiltrating into the multiphase composite glass ceramic, so as to have moisture resistance.
  • the high temperature insulating sealing coating is an organic or inorganic non-metallic material such as silicone, glaze or the like.
  • the metal resistance foil and the metal resistance wire are made of nickel-chromium or iron-chromium-aluminum alloy material, and have good toughness and strong thermal shock resistance.
  • the metal resistance foil or the metal resistance wire is a metal resistance element formed by processing a metal resistance profile.
  • Metal resistance foil or metal resistance wire is a mature, reliable and low cost conventional electrothermal material, which is widely used in traditional electric heating elements.
  • the metal resistor foil and/or the metal resistance wire are provided with a partial relatively weak link, and have a local overheating self-fusing function, thereby functioning as a fuse that is ultimately self-destructing, and avoiding a malignant accident caused by overall overheating.
  • the partial relative weak link is a specific heat-generating part of the metal resistor foil and/or the metal resistance wire, and is specially designed by the structure, shape, material, etc. of the metal resistor foil and/or the metal resistance wire.
  • a plurality of local relatively weak links when all other temperature control and overheat protection failures occur, the metal resistance foil and/or the metal resistance wire first appear to be partially weakened due to local overheating, and ultimately Destroyed fuses to avoid a serious accident caused by overall overheating.
  • the temperature sensing element has an output temperature sensing signal and/or temperature limiting and/or temperature regulation and/or overheating Protection function, the number is one or more.
  • the temperature sensing element may be a semiconductor temperature sensing element that is directly coupled to the electric heating element.
  • the electric heating element is combined with the electric heating element to form an electric heating component having a heat generating and temperature control function, and the quantity may have one or more sets of electric heating components, and the plurality of electric heating components are a series connection, a parallel connection or a series-parallel hybrid connection between the components.
  • the temperature sensing element may also be a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) temperature sensing element directly coupled with the electric heating element, and combined with a metal resistance foil and/or a metal resistance wire to have heat, temperature limit or overheat protection functions.
  • the electric heating component may have one or more sets of electric heating components, and the plurality of electric heating components are a series connection, a parallel connection or a series-parallel hybrid connection between the components.
  • the electric heater of the present invention functions to limit temperature or overheat by utilizing the PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) temperature sensing element resistance to increase with temperature and to have switching characteristics.
  • the PTC temperature sensing element of the present invention is only used as a temperature sensing and control element, and is much different from the PTC element in other PTC electric heaters as a heating element.
  • the temperature sensing element may further adopt a temperature sensing element insulated from the electric heating element and have a temperature sensing signal output function.
  • a metal thermocouple temperature sensing element and/or a metal thermal resistance temperature sensing element and/or may be used.
  • the temperature sensing signal is output to the control device to effect temperature control and/or overheat protection and/or temperature display of the electric heater of the present invention.
  • the metal substrate of the present invention may have a working surface or more than one working surface; the surface shape of the metal substrate may be a flat surface, a curved surface, or the like, and the outer shape may be a square shape, a circular shape, a tubular shape, or other three-dimensional shapes.
  • the metal substrate material may be steel, cast iron, copper, copper alloy, stainless steel, etc., and has good comprehensive mechanical properties.
  • the metal substrate may be closely combined with a multi-phase composite glass ceramic sheet by using a low-melting-point metal such as aluminum or the like, and the metal-resistive foil as an electric heating element is embedded in the multi-phase composite glass ceramic sheet or A metal resistance wire and a temperature sensing element are used to make electric heaters of various functions.
  • the simple manufacturing process and method are as follows: coating the bottom multi-phase composite glass ceramic slurry on the surface of the metal substrate or placing the bottom multi-phase composite glass ceramic green sheet on the bottom multi-phase composite glass ceramic Put one or more layers of the functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic green sheets, at the bottom of the multiphase A metal resistor foil or a metal resistance wire and a temperature sensing element as electric heating elements are placed between the composite glass ceramic and the functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic green sheet or between the functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic green sheets.
  • the general degreasing and debinding process under the pressure state, one or more sinterings occur, and a physicochemical reaction occurs to form a layered multiphase composite glass ceramic.
  • the multiphase composite glass ceramics of each layer are a eutectic layer and/or mechanical anchoring are respectively formed in the metal substrate, the metal resistance foil as the electric heating element or the metal resistance wire and the capillary pores on the surface of the temperature sensing element, so that the metal substrate and the bottom layer are multi-phase composited
  • the glass-ceramic, the metal resistance foil or the metal resistance wire and the temperature sensing element as the electric heating element and the functional layer multi-phase composite glass ceramic as the thermal conductive insulating material are firmly combined, and the adjacent layer multi-phase composite glass ceramics They are also closely integrated.
  • the multiphase composite glass ceramic green sheet is produced by casting or rolling a film or other molding process for the multiphase composite glass ceramic slurry.
  • the present invention uses sintering under pressure, the sintering temperature is lowered, the energy consumption of the manufacturing process is reduced, the quality and yield of the product and the production efficiency are greatly improved, the production cost is reduced, and energy saving and emission reduction are reduced.
  • the metal substrate may itself be one or more heated working surfaces of the container body of the electric heating appliance.
  • the process of the present invention can be combined with a container body of a low melting point metal to form an electric heater.
  • the present invention can also be combined with a container body of an electric heating device by a mechanical method, a welding or bonding process, respectively, to form an electric heating device.
  • the electric heater that is, the metal substrate electric heating sheet provided by the present invention is a metal resistive foil or a metal resistance wire which is formed by using a metal as a substrate to provide strength support and a metal resistance profile as an electric heating element.
  • the layered multi-phase composite glass ceramic is used as the insulating and heat-conducting material, and the built-in temperature sensing element is used in the state of pressure, and is made of a multi-layer low-temperature sintering technology, and has an electric heater with electric heating, temperature control or signal output function.
  • the multi-phase composite glass ceramic of the present invention has high bonding strength with a metal substrate, an electric heating element and a temperature sensing element, and has a novel sheet-shaped electric heater which has appeared in recent years.
  • the temperature control sensitivity of the invention is high, the overheat protection response is rapid, the service life is long, and the safety is greatly improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a top cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an electric heater provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an electric heater provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an electric heating device provided by the present invention. detailed description
  • Embodiment 1 Referring to Figures 1 and 2.
  • the metal substrate electric heating sheet provided by the present invention comprises a heat conductive metal substrate 21 on which an underlying multiphase composite glass ceramic 22-1 as an insulating heat conductive material and a functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic 22-2 are sintered. 22-3, the functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic 22-3 is embedded or embedded with a metal resistor foil 23 as an electric heating element and a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) temperature sensing element 24 as a temperature limiting element.
  • a PTC Physical Temperature Coefficient
  • the first step coating the bottom multi-phase composite glass ceramic slurry or placing the bottom multi-phase glass ceramic green sheet 22-1 on one surface of the upper and lower metal substrates as the heating working surface;
  • the second step placing the functional layer multi-phase composite glass ceramic green sheets 22-2 and 22-3 on the bottom multi-phase composite glass ceramic;
  • Step 3 placing a pre-processed metal resistor foil 23 as an electric heating element and a PTC temperature sensing element 24 as a temperature limiting or overheat protection element in the upper and lower functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic green sheets 22-3 between;
  • the bottom multiphase composite glass ceramic 22-1 is diffused into the capillary pores on the surface of the metal substrate, the functional layer is multiphase
  • the composite glass ceramic 22-3 penetrates into the capillary pores of the metal resistor foil 23 and the surface of the PTC temperature sensing element 24, respectively forming a eutectic layer and/or mechanically anchoring and tightly bonding together; each adjacent layer multiphase composite glass The ceramics penetrate each other and combine together.
  • each The layer multiphase composite glass ceramics are also closely combined to form a new type of electric heater, that is, a metal substrate electric heating sheet.
  • the functional layer multi-phase composite glass ceramic has a matching thermal expansion coefficient between the electric heating element and the temperature sensing element, and at the same time, between the layers of the multi-phase composite glass ceramic There is also a matching coefficient of thermal expansion to accommodate temperature gradient changes between the electric heating element and the metal substrate.
  • the multiphase composite glass ceramic of the present embodiment improves the material compactness by pressure sintering, and eliminates crack defects in the glass ceramic body as much as possible; and adds a second phase such as particles (nanoparticles and/or microparticles) and/or to the glass ceramic.
  • a second phase such as particles (nanoparticles and/or microparticles) and/or to the glass ceramic.
  • reinforcements such as whiskers and/or fibers, that is, using a toughening method such as grain toughening and/or whisker toughening and/or fiber toughening; technical measures such as multiphase composite glass ceramics having a layered structure,
  • the layered multiphase composite glass ceramic has strong thermal shock resistance.
  • the metal resistance foil of the present embodiment is made of a nickel-chromium or iron-chromium-aluminum alloy material, has good toughness, and is formed by punching a metal resistance profile.
  • the metal resistance foil is a mature electric heating material with high reliability, low cost and strong thermal shock resistance, and is widely used in the traditional electric heating element.
  • the PTC temperature sensing element 24 has a positive temperature coefficient characteristic, and the resistance sharply increases at a certain temperature. Therefore, with its switching function, the PTC temperature sensing element 24 designed according to the required temperature is combined with the metal resistor foil 23 to form an electric heating assembly having a temperature limiting or overheat protection function.
  • the PTC element 24 in this embodiment is only used as a temperature sensing and control element, and the PTC element in other PTC electric heaters is mainly used as a heating element.
  • the PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) temperature sensing element is combined with a metal resistor foil to form an electric heating component with heating, temperature limiting or overheat protection functions.
  • the number may have one or more sets of electrothermal components, the plurality of sets of electrothermal components being comprised of series and/or parallel and/or series and parallel mixing between the components.
  • the built-in overheat protection function of the metal substrate electric heating sheet is realized by the above method, and has good safety performance.
  • the embodiment has the characteristics of large heating area per unit volume, and the heating area per unit volume is more than 2.5 times compared with the ordinary tubular electric heater of the same length and diameter 10.
  • the embodiment has the advantages of uniform heating surface, small thermal inertia, strong thermal shock resistance, large heating area per unit volume, built-in temperature control and/or overheat protection functional components, low cost, medium and low temperature electric heating in industrial and household appliances. There are broad application prospects in the field of gas, liquid and food heating devices.
  • Embodiment 2 referring to FIG. 3
  • the electric heating device comprises a container body having a heat conductive metal bottom as a heating working surface, that is, the metal substrate 21, wherein the metal substrate 21 is sintered with a layered multiphase composite as an insulating heat conductive material.
  • Glass ceramic consisting of 22-1 22-2 22-3 22_4
  • the layered multiphase composite glass ceramic is embedded or embedded with a metal resistor foil 23 as an electric heating element and a metal thermal resistance temperature sensing element 24.
  • the combination of the layered multiphase composite glass ceramic and the metal substrate 21, the metal resistance foil 23 as the electric heating element, and the metal thermal resistance temperature sensing element 24 are as follows:
  • the first step coating the outer surface of the metal substrate 21 as the heating working surface of the container body 1 as the bottom multi-phase composite glass ceramic slurry or the bottom multi-phase composite glass ceramic green sheet 22-1;
  • the second step placing a functional layer multi-phase composite glass ceramic 22-2 green sheet as shown in FIG. 3 on the bottom multi-phase composite glass ceramic;
  • the third step placing the metal resistor foil 23 as an electric heating element on the surface of the functional layer multi-phase composite glass ceramic 22-2 as shown in FIG. 3;
  • a fourth step placing a functional layer multi-phase composite glass ceramic 22-3 green sheet as shown in FIG. 3 on the metal resistance foil 23 of the electric heating element;
  • the fifth step placing the metal thermal resistance temperature sensing element 24 on the surface of the functional layer multi-phase composite glass ceramic 22-3 green sheet as shown in FIG. 3;
  • the multiphase composite glass ceramic diffuses into the metal resistive foil as the electric heating element, the capillary pores of the surface of the metal thermal resistance temperature sensing element, and respectively forms a eutectic layer and/or mechanical anchoring, so that the metal substrate as the heating working surface and Between the underlying multiphase composite glass ceramics, the metal resistance foil and the metal thermal resistance temperature sensing element as the electric heating element and the functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic as the insulating heat conductive material, respectively, the adjacent layer multiphase composite glass ceramic They are firmly bonded together to form an electric heating device with the present invention.
  • the functional layer multi-phase composite glass ceramic has a matching thermal expansion coefficient between the electric heating element and the temperature sensing element, and at the same time, between the layers of the multi-phase composite glass ceramic There is also a matching coefficient of thermal expansion to accommodate temperature gradient changes between the electric heating element and the metal substrate.
  • the multiphase composite glass ceramic of the present embodiment improves the material compactness by pressure sintering, and eliminates crack defects in the glass ceramic body as much as possible; and adds a second phase such as particles (nanoparticles and/or microparticles) and/or to the glass ceramic.
  • a second phase such as particles (nanoparticles and/or microparticles) and/or to the glass ceramic.
  • reinforcements such as whiskers and/or fibers, that is, using a toughening method such as grain toughening and/or whisker toughening and/or fiber toughening; technical measures such as multiphase composite glass ceramics having a layered structure,
  • the layered multiphase composite glass ceramic has strong thermal shock resistance.
  • the metal resistance foil of the present embodiment is made of a nickel-chromium or iron-chromium-aluminum alloy material, has good toughness, and is formed by punching a metal resistance profile.
  • the metal resistance foil is a mature electric heating material with high reliability, low cost and strong thermal shock resistance, and is widely used in the traditional electric heating element.
  • the metal thermal resistance temperature sensing element electrode is connected to the external glass temperature control device through the glass ceramic. As the temperature changes, the resistance of the metal thermal resistance temperature sensing element also changes, a temperature sensing signal is emitted, and the external temperature control device changes according to the temperature. Temperature sensing signal for timely control of heating temperature And display.
  • the temperature control of the electric heating appliance is realized by the above method, and has the reaction sensitivity and good safety performance.
  • the temperature sensing element of this embodiment adopts a conventional metal resistance type temperature sensing element and has high reliability.
  • thermocouple type temperature sensing element or a temperature pressure type temperature sensing element or a semiconductor temperature sensing element or the like can be also used.
  • the metal resistance type temperature sensing element of this embodiment there may be one or more, and only two electrodes are connected to the temperature control device and/or the power source through the insulating layer.
  • the metal substrate that is, the metal substrate, may be the bottom of the container body or a thin metal plate connected to the bottom of the container body by brazing or the like. If the metal bottom is connected to the metal thin plate on the bottom of the container body by brazing or the like, The metal sheet is first sintered together with the layered multiphase composite glass ceramic and then attached to the bottom of the container body.
  • the surface shape of the metal base may be a shape designed as a plane or a curved surface as needed, and the material of the metal base may be a heat conductive metal material such as carbon steel, cast iron, stainless steel, copper or copper alloy.
  • the container body may be a pot, a pot, a cup, a tray, etc., such as a heated food, a liquid pot, a pot, a cup; a dish, a pan, etc. which are fried, fried, roasted, fried food.
  • the electric heating device equipped with the metal substrate electric heating sheet of the present invention prepared by the above method has the characteristics of uniform heating surface, small thermal inertia, strong heat shock resistance, temperature control sensitivity, safety and reliability.

Abstract

Provided is a metal substrate electric heating foil, including a metal substrate, with the metal substrate being sintered with a layered heterogeneous composite glass ceramic as an insulation thermal conduction material, a metal resistor foil or a metal resistor wire and a temperature sensing component principally being embedded in or buried in the layered heterogeneous composite glass ceramic. In the present invention, the bond strength between the bottom layer of the layered heterogeneous composite glass ceramic and the metal substrate and the bond strength between the functional layered heterogeneous composite glass ceramic and the metal resistor foil or the metal resistor wire and the temperature sensing component are high, with excellent thermal shock resistance performance, long service life, sensitive temperature control, and high temperature resistance, no melting, and no electrical leakage in damp conditions, greatly improving safety. The present invention has a uniform heating surface, small thermal inertia, fast heating speed, large heating area per unit volume, high power density, high thermal efficiency, flexible structural shape and power density design, and is low in cost and environmentally friendly in saving energy.

Description

说明书 金属基板电发热片  Specification Metal substrate electric heating sheet
技术领域  Technical field
本发明涉及一种电加热器。 背景技术 现有的电加热器主要有管状电加热器和片状电加热器， 温度控制多采用外置 温度感应元件的温度控制形式，即将温度感应元件放置或靠近在需要温度控制的 位置，通过感知温度变化， 经温度控制装置控制电加热器通电或断电或控制电压 或电流大小以达到温度控制、过热保护和显示的目的。也有的管状电加热器采用 铸铝扩大散热面积时嵌有温度感应元件。  The invention relates to an electric heater. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Existing electric heaters mainly include a tubular electric heater and a sheet-shaped electric heater. The temperature control adopts a temperature control form of an external temperature sensing element, that is, the temperature sensing element is placed at or close to a position requiring temperature control. Perceive the temperature change, the temperature control device controls the electric heater to be energized or de-energized or controls the voltage or current to achieve the purpose of temperature control, overheat protection and display. There are also tubular electric heaters that use a cast aluminum to expand the heat dissipation area with a temperature sensing element embedded.
现有中低温电加热领域的电加热器存在以下缺点， 电热管式加热器加热面积 较小， 面加热不均匀， 局部易过热， 液体加热极易结水垢， 且体积大， 热惯性大， 温度感应元件反应速度相对较慢， 效率相对较低， 由于热量过于集中寿命短。  The existing electric heaters in the field of low-temperature electric heating have the following disadvantages: the electric heating tube heater has a small heating area, the surface heating is uneven, the local is easy to overheat, the liquid heating is easy to scale, and the volume is large, the thermal inertia is large, and the temperature is high. The sensing element has a relatively slow reaction speed and a relatively low efficiency, due to the excessive concentration of heat and short life.
片状电加热器， 由于大多利用导电油墨或导电浆料采用丝网印刷工艺成型电 热元件，抗热冲击性能差，极易因电压波动及加热环境变化而损坏，而且成本高， 实际推广受到严重影响。  Sheet-shaped electric heaters, because most of the conductive inks or conductive pastes are used to form electric heating elements by screen printing process, the thermal shock resistance is poor, and it is easy to be damaged due to voltage fluctuations and heating environment changes, and the cost is high, and the actual promotion is seriously influences.
现有片状电加热器的温度感应元件及温度控制装置存在以下缺点， 因片状电 加热器厚度较簿， 温度感应元件及温度控制器体积较大， 安装位置受到局限， 导 致温度感知误差相对较大， 反应速度相对较慢， 过热保护不够及时， 适用的场合 受到限制。 发明内容  The temperature sensing element and the temperature control device of the existing chip electric heater have the following disadvantages, because the thickness of the chip electric heater is larger than that of the book, the temperature sensing element and the temperature controller are large, and the installation position is limited, resulting in a relative temperature sensing error. Larger, the reaction speed is relatively slow, the overheat protection is not timely enough, and the applicable occasions are limited. Summary of the invention
本发明首先所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种具有热惯 性小、抗热冲击能力强、加热面均匀、温度控制灵敏或 /和限温或 /和过热保护功 能、 单位体积加热面积大、 安全、 环保节能、 寿命长、 成本低的金属基板电发热 片。 为此， 本发明采用以下技术方案： 它包括金属基板， 金属基板上烧结有作 为导热绝缘材料的多相复合玻璃陶瓷， 所述多相复合玻璃陶瓷内部主要嵌有或 埋有温度感应元件以及作为电热元件的金属电阻箔片和 /或金属电阻丝。 The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a hot habit. Small substrate, strong thermal shock resistance, uniform heating surface, temperature control sensitivity and / and temperature limit or / and overheat protection function, large heating area per unit volume, safety, environmental protection and energy saving, long life, low cost metal substrate electric heating sheet . To this end, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: It comprises a metal substrate on which a multi-phase composite glass ceramic as a thermally conductive insulating material is sintered, and the multi-phase composite glass ceramic is mainly embedded or embedded with a temperature sensing element and as A metal resistor foil and/or a metal resistance wire of the electric heating element.
在采用本发明的上述技术方案的基础上，本发明还可采用以下进一步的技术 方案：  Based on the above technical solution of the present invention, the present invention may also adopt the following further technical solutions:
本发明所述多相复合玻璃陶瓷的浆料与金属基板、 以及嵌入或埋入其中的 所述电热元件和 /或温度感应元件一起， 在压力状态下（一般为 2.0MPa 压力:^ 4.0MPa, 采用压力条件下烧结主要是为了提高致密性、 降低烧结温度， 对压力 的上限没有限制， 但从经济和效果的角度出发， 在 4.0MPa时已能达到上述目标 效果， 继续增加压力效果已不明显）经一次或多次烧结， 提高了致密性， 形成相 对密度 95%的多相复合玻璃陶瓷， 并在与金属基板、 电热元件、 温度感应元件 相接处形成共晶层和 /或机械锚定并紧密结合在一起。 所述相对密度即实际密度 与理论密度之比。 所述共晶层为多相复合玻璃陶瓷与金属基板、 电热元件、 温 度感应元件烧结时形成的新合金层； 而所述机械锚定为烧结过程中， 多相复合玻 璃陶瓷渗入金属基板、 电热元件、 温度感应元件表面的毛细孔隙中， 形成胶结 而结合在一起的一种形式。  The slurry of the multiphase composite glass ceramic of the present invention is combined with a metal substrate, and the electric heating element and/or temperature sensing element embedded or embedded therein under pressure (generally 2.0 MPa pressure: ^ 4.0 MPa, Sintering under pressure conditions is mainly to improve the compactness and lower the sintering temperature. There is no limit to the upper limit of the pressure. However, from the perspective of economy and effect, the above target effect can be achieved at 4.0 MPa, and the effect of continuing to increase the pressure is not obvious. After one or more sintering, the compactness is improved, and a multi-phase composite glass ceramic having a relative density of 95% is formed, and a eutectic layer and/or mechanical anchoring is formed at the interface with the metal substrate, the electric heating element, and the temperature sensing element. And closely combined. The relative density is the ratio of the actual density to the theoretical density. The eutectic layer is a new alloy layer formed by sintering the multiphase composite glass ceramic and the metal substrate, the electric heating element and the temperature sensing element; and the mechanical anchoring is a sintering process, the multiphase composite glass ceramic penetrates into the metal substrate, and the electric heating In the capillary pores of the surface of the element and the temperature sensing element, a form of bonding is formed to form a bond.
所述玻璃陶瓷， 根据清华大学学术专著 《高性能多相复合陶瓷》 （清华 大学出版社 2008年 2月出版， 黄勇， 汪长安等著） 一书的描述， 玻璃态的 固体是亚稳定状态，某些组成的玻璃经热处理后可以晶化成大量的微晶体。这种 含有大量微晶体的玻璃称为微晶玻璃或玻璃陶瓷。玻璃陶瓷是一种常用的基体 材料， 加入其它物相后就形成多相复合玻璃陶瓷。 所述多相复合玻璃陶瓷是 由两种以上物相所组成的玻璃陶瓷， 所述物相有同类的也有不同类的。  The glass ceramics, according to the book "High Performance Multiphase Composite Ceramics" by Tsinghua University (published by Tsinghua University Press, February 2008, Huang Yong, Wang Chang'an, etc.), the glassy solid is metastable. Some compositions of glass can be crystallized into a large number of microcrystals after heat treatment. Such a glass containing a large amount of microcrystals is called a glass ceramic or a glass ceramic. Glass ceramics are a commonly used matrix material that forms a multiphase composite glass ceramic when added to other phases. The multiphase composite glass ceramic is a glass ceramic composed of two or more phases, and the phases are similar and different.
本发明所述多相复合玻璃陶瓷采用层状多相复合玻璃陶瓷， 即所述多相复 合玻璃陶瓷由多层的玻璃陶瓷基多相复合材料组成， 以玻璃陶瓷为基体， 各 层根据性能要求的不同加入和 /或烧结形成有其它不同物相的材料， 对玻璃 陶瓷起到增强、 增韧、 增大导热性、 提高绝缘、 各层间热膨胀系数相匹配等 不同的作用， 保证层状多相复合玻璃陶瓷在厚度方向各层的性能变化能够平 缓过渡， 以适应金属基板和电热元件之间温度梯度的变化。 The multiphase composite glass ceramic of the present invention adopts a layered multiphase composite glass ceramic, that is, the multiphase composite glass ceramic is composed of a plurality of glass ceramic-based multiphase composite materials, and the glass ceramics are used as a matrix, and each Layers are added and/or sintered according to different performance requirements to form materials with different phases, which enhance, toughen, increase thermal conductivity, improve insulation, and match thermal expansion coefficients between layers. It is ensured that the performance change of the layered multiphase composite glass ceramics in the thickness direction layer can be smoothly transitioned to adapt to the temperature gradient change between the metal substrate and the electric heating element.
所述层状多相复合玻璃陶瓷由底层多相复合玻璃陶瓷和若干功能层多相 复合玻璃陶瓷组成， 所述功能层多相复合玻璃陶瓷根据电加热器产品性能要 求的不同可有一层或多层， 各层根据性能要求的不同分别具有导热和 /或绝 缘功能以及各层间相匹配的热膨胀系数。  The layered multiphase composite glass ceramic is composed of a bottom multiphase composite glass ceramic and a plurality of functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramics, and the functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic may have one or more layers according to different performance requirements of the electric heater product. Layers, each layer has thermal and/or insulating functions and a matching coefficient of thermal expansion between the layers, depending on performance requirements.
所述层状多相复合玻璃陶瓷的底层多相复合玻璃陶瓷与金属基板之间， 功 能层多相复合玻璃陶瓷通过一层或多层组合具有与底层多相复合玻璃陶瓷和 所述电热元件及温度感应元件之间具有相匹配的热膨胀系数，所述多相复合玻璃 陶瓷各层的热膨胀系数为 8 X 10— 7°C 热膨胀系数 17 X 10— 7°c，并适应电热 元件与金属基板之间的温度梯度变化， 以提高耐热冲击性能。  Between the underlying multiphase composite glass ceramic of the layered multiphase composite glass ceramic and the metal substrate, the functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic has a multiphase composite glass ceramic with the bottom layer and the electric heating element by one or more layers combined The temperature sensing elements have matching coefficients of thermal expansion, and the layers of the multiphase composite glass ceramic have a thermal expansion coefficient of 8 X 10-7 ° C and a thermal expansion coefficient of 17 X 10-7 ° C, and are adapted to the electric heating element and the metal substrate. The temperature gradient varies to improve the thermal shock resistance.
电加热器在使用中会出现急冷急热的情况， 这时材料的表面和内部之 间的温差增大而出现热应力， 产生热冲击。 耐热冲击系数是表示耐热冲击 性能的一个指标。 所述耐热冲击系数的物理意义是， 当材料急冷急热时， 起始温度与材料开始出现裂纹时的温度之间的差值 A Tmax称为耐热冲击系 数。 此值愈高， 则耐热冲击性能愈强。 In the use of electric heaters, there will be rapid cooling and hot, when the temperature difference between the surface and the inside of the material increases, thermal stress occurs, and thermal shock occurs. The thermal shock resistance coefficient is an index indicating the thermal shock resistance. The physical meaning of the thermal shock resistance coefficient is that the difference AT max between the initial temperature and the temperature at which the material begins to crack when the material is quenched and quenched is called the thermal shock resistance coefficient. The higher the value, the stronger the thermal shock resistance.
为克服玻璃陶瓷基体材料的固有脆性， 需对玻璃陶瓷增强、 增韧， 提高 耐热冲击性能， 本发明对玻璃陶瓷采用了如下增强、增韧措施以提高耐热冲 击性能：利用压力烧结提高材料致密性，尽量消除玻璃陶瓷体中的裂纹缺陷； 在玻璃陶瓷中加入第二相， 如颗粒（纳米颗粒和 /或微米颗粒）和 /或晶须和 /或纤维等增强体， 即采用了颗粒增韧和 /或晶须增韧和 /或纤维增韧等强韧 化方式； 采用层状结构的多相复合玻璃陶瓷。 在主要采取了上述措施后， 本 发明所述层状多相复合玻璃陶瓷的耐热冲击系数为 600 A Tmax 350。 In order to overcome the inherent brittleness of the glass ceramic base material, it is necessary to strengthen, toughen and improve the thermal shock resistance of the glass ceramic. The present invention adopts the following reinforcement and toughening measures for the glass ceramic to improve the thermal shock resistance: the material is improved by pressure sintering. Density, try to eliminate crack defects in the glass ceramic body; add a second phase in the glass ceramic, such as particles (nanoparticles and / or microparticles) and / or whiskers and / or fibers and other reinforcements, that is, the use of particles Toughening and/or toughening of whiskers and/or toughening of fibers; multi-phase composite glass ceramics with layered structure. After the above measures are mainly taken, the layered multiphase composite glass ceramic of the present invention has a heat shock resistance coefficient of 600 AT max 350.
所述层状多相复合玻璃陶瓷的各层浆料或生片与金属基板、 电热元件及温 度感应元件叠放在一起， 在压力状态下（一般为 2.0MPa 压力 4.0MPa)， 经一 次或多次烧结后， 提高了致密性， 所形成的导热绝缘玻璃陶瓷： 各层分别形成 相对密度 95%的多相复合玻璃陶瓷； 底层多相复合玻璃陶瓷与金属基板之间， 部分功能层多相复合玻璃陶瓷与所述电热元件及温度感应元件之间分别形成有 共晶层和 /或机械锚定并紧密结合在一起； 各相邻层多相复合玻璃陶瓷紧密结 合、 热膨胀系数相匹配、 各种性能变化能够平缓过渡， 适应电热元件与金属基 板之间的温度梯度变化。 Each layer of the layered multiphase composite glass ceramic slurry or green sheet and metal substrate, electric heating element and temperature The sensing elements are stacked together, under pressure (typically 2.0MPa pressure 4.0MPa), after one or more sintering, the compactness is improved, and the thermally conductive insulating glass ceramic is formed: each layer forms a relative density of 95 % of multiphase composite glass ceramic; between the bottom layer multiphase composite glass ceramic and the metal substrate, a partial functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic and the electric heating element and the temperature sensing element respectively form a eutectic layer and/or a mechanical anchor Set and tightly combined; the adjacent layers of multi-phase composite glass ceramics are tightly combined, the thermal expansion coefficient is matched, and various performance changes can be smoothly transitioned to accommodate the temperature gradient between the electric heating element and the metal substrate.
所述层状多相复合玻璃陶瓷各层间热膨胀系数相匹配， 同时与金属基板、 所述电热元件及温度感应元件也具有相匹配的热膨胀系数。  The thermal expansion coefficients of the layers of the layered multiphase composite glass ceramic are matched, and at the same time, the metal substrate, the electric heating element and the temperature sensing element also have a matching coefficient of thermal expansion.
所述多相复合玻璃陶瓷与空气接触部分涂有耐高温绝缘密封涂料，并渗入多 相复合玻璃陶瓷表面毛细孔隙中， 隔绝空气， 防止水份渗入所述多相复合玻璃陶 瓷， 使其具有防潮的性能， 所述耐高温绝缘密封涂料为有机或无机非金属材料， 如有机硅、 釉等等。  The multi-phase composite glass ceramic and the air contact portion are coated with a high temperature resistant insulating sealing coating, and penetrate into the capillary pores of the multiphase composite glass ceramic surface to insulate the air, preventing moisture from infiltrating into the multiphase composite glass ceramic, so as to have moisture resistance. The high temperature insulating sealing coating is an organic or inorganic non-metallic material such as silicone, glaze or the like.
所述的金属电阻箔片、金属电阻丝为镍铬或铁铬铝合金材料制成， 具有较好 的韧性， 抗热冲击能力强。  The metal resistance foil and the metal resistance wire are made of nickel-chromium or iron-chromium-aluminum alloy material, and have good toughness and strong thermal shock resistance.
所述的金属电阻箔片或金属电阻丝为由金属电阻型材加工成形的金属电阻 元件。 金属电阻箔片或金属电阻丝为一种成熟、可靠性高， 成本低的传统电热材 料， 在传统的电加热元件中有广泛的应用。  The metal resistance foil or the metal resistance wire is a metal resistance element formed by processing a metal resistance profile. Metal resistance foil or metal resistance wire is a mature, reliable and low cost conventional electrothermal material, which is widely used in traditional electric heating elements.
所述金属电阻箔片和 /或金属电阻丝设置有局部相对薄弱环节， 具有局部过 热自熔断功能， 起到最终自毁的熔断器作用， 避免因整体过热引发恶性事故。所 述局部相对薄弱环节是相对于金属电阻箔片和 /或金属电阻丝正常发热部分而 言， 通过金属电阻箔片和 /或金属电阻丝的结构、 形状、 材质等的设计， 专门设 置一处或多处局部相对薄弱环节， 当其它所有的温控、过热保护出现故障时， 所 述金属电阻箔片和 /或金属电阻丝首先出现所述局部相对薄弱环节因局部过热熔 断， 起到最终自毁的熔断器作用， 避免因整体过热引发恶性事故。  The metal resistor foil and/or the metal resistance wire are provided with a partial relatively weak link, and have a local overheating self-fusing function, thereby functioning as a fuse that is ultimately self-destructing, and avoiding a malignant accident caused by overall overheating. The partial relative weak link is a specific heat-generating part of the metal resistor foil and/or the metal resistance wire, and is specially designed by the structure, shape, material, etc. of the metal resistor foil and/or the metal resistance wire. Or a plurality of local relatively weak links, when all other temperature control and overheat protection failures occur, the metal resistance foil and/or the metal resistance wire first appear to be partially weakened due to local overheating, and ultimately Destroyed fuses to avoid a serious accident caused by overall overheating.
所述的温度感应元件具有输出温度感应信号和 /或限温和 /或调温和 /或过热 保护功能， 数量有一只或多只。 The temperature sensing element has an output temperature sensing signal and/or temperature limiting and/or temperature regulation and/or overheating Protection function, the number is one or more.
所述温度感应元件可以为与所述电热元件直接紧密结合的半导体温度感应 元件。 与所述电热元件组合成为具有发热、温度控制功能的电热组件， 数量可有 一组或多组电热组件，所述多组电热组件为组件间串联、并联或串并联混合连接。  The temperature sensing element may be a semiconductor temperature sensing element that is directly coupled to the electric heating element. The electric heating element is combined with the electric heating element to form an electric heating component having a heat generating and temperature control function, and the quantity may have one or more sets of electric heating components, and the plurality of electric heating components are a series connection, a parallel connection or a series-parallel hybrid connection between the components.
所述温度感应元件也可以为与所述电热元件直接紧密结合的 PTC (正温度系 数)温度感应元件， 与金属电阻箔片和 /或金属电阻丝组合成为具有发热、 限温或 过热保护功能的电热组件，数量可有一组或多组电热组件， 所述多组电热组件为 组件间串联、 并联或串并联混合连接。 利用 PTC (正温度系数)温度感应元件电阻 随温度升高而增大及具有开关特性的性能，对本发明的电加热器起到限温或过热 保护的功能。本发明的 PTC温度感应元件仅是作为一个温度感应及控制元件， 与 其他 PTC电加热器中的 PTC元件主要作为加热元件是一个很大的区别。  The temperature sensing element may also be a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) temperature sensing element directly coupled with the electric heating element, and combined with a metal resistance foil and/or a metal resistance wire to have heat, temperature limit or overheat protection functions. The electric heating component may have one or more sets of electric heating components, and the plurality of electric heating components are a series connection, a parallel connection or a series-parallel hybrid connection between the components. The electric heater of the present invention functions to limit temperature or overheat by utilizing the PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) temperature sensing element resistance to increase with temperature and to have switching characteristics. The PTC temperature sensing element of the present invention is only used as a temperature sensing and control element, and is much different from the PTC element in other PTC electric heaters as a heating element.
所述温度感应元件还可采用与所述电热元件绝缘的温度感应元件，具有温度 感应信号输出功能， 在本发明中可采用金属热电偶温度感应元件和 /或金属热电 阻温度感应元件和 /或半导体温度感应元件和 /或温度压力型温度感应元件和 /或 温度形变型温度感应元件等。通过温度感应信号输出给控制装置， 对本发明的电 加热器起到温度控制和 /或过热保护和 /或温度显示的作用。  The temperature sensing element may further adopt a temperature sensing element insulated from the electric heating element and have a temperature sensing signal output function. In the present invention, a metal thermocouple temperature sensing element and/or a metal thermal resistance temperature sensing element and/or may be used. Semiconductor temperature sensing element and/or temperature pressure type temperature sensing element and/or temperature deformation type temperature sensing element, and the like. The temperature sensing signal is output to the control device to effect temperature control and/or overheat protection and/or temperature display of the electric heater of the present invention.
作为本发明的金属基板可有一个工作面或一个以上工作面；所述金属基板的 表面形状可以是平面、 曲面等，外形可以是方形、圆形、管状及其它立体形状等。  The metal substrate of the present invention may have a working surface or more than one working surface; the surface shape of the metal substrate may be a flat surface, a curved surface, or the like, and the outer shape may be a square shape, a circular shape, a tubular shape, or other three-dimensional shapes.
所述金属基板材料可以为钢材、 铸铁、 铜材及铜合金和不锈钢等等， 有较 好的综合机械性能。  The metal substrate material may be steel, cast iron, copper, copper alloy, stainless steel, etc., and has good comprehensive mechanical properties.
所述金属基板如采用低熔点金属如铝等，亦可以铸造的工艺与多相复合玻璃 陶瓷片紧密结合在一起， 所述多相复合玻璃陶瓷片内部埋有作为电热元件的金 属电阻箔片或金属电阻丝及温度感应元件， 制成各种功能的电加热器。  The metal substrate may be closely combined with a multi-phase composite glass ceramic sheet by using a low-melting-point metal such as aluminum or the like, and the metal-resistive foil as an electric heating element is embedded in the multi-phase composite glass ceramic sheet or A metal resistance wire and a temperature sensing element are used to make electric heaters of various functions.
简单的制作过程和方法如下： 在所述的金属基板表面涂覆所述底层多相复 合玻璃陶瓷浆料或放上底层多相复合玻璃陶瓷生片， 再在所述底层多相复合 玻璃陶瓷上放上一层或多层所述功能层多相复合玻璃陶瓷生片， 在底层多相 复合玻璃陶瓷与功能层多相复合玻璃陶瓷生片之间或在各功能层多相复合 玻璃陶瓷生片之间放上作为电热元件的金属电阻箔片或金属电阻丝及温度感应 元件， 在这过程中， 经一般的脱脂、 排胶工序， 在压力状态下， 经一次或多 次烧结， 发生物理化学反应而形成层状多相复合玻璃陶瓷， 在烧结过程中， 各层多相复合玻璃陶瓷被扩散到金属基板、 作为电热元件的金属电阻箔片或金 属电阻丝及温度感应元件表面的毛细孔隙中，分别形成有共晶层和 /或机械锚定， 使所述金属基板和底层多相复合玻璃陶瓷之间、 作为电热元件的金属电阻箔片 或金属电阻丝及温度感应元件和作为导热绝缘材料的功能层多相复合玻璃陶瓷 之间牢固结合在一起， 各相邻层多相复合玻璃陶瓷之间亦紧密结合在一起。 The simple manufacturing process and method are as follows: coating the bottom multi-phase composite glass ceramic slurry on the surface of the metal substrate or placing the bottom multi-phase composite glass ceramic green sheet on the bottom multi-phase composite glass ceramic Put one or more layers of the functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic green sheets, at the bottom of the multiphase A metal resistor foil or a metal resistance wire and a temperature sensing element as electric heating elements are placed between the composite glass ceramic and the functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic green sheet or between the functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic green sheets. In the general degreasing and debinding process, under the pressure state, one or more sinterings occur, and a physicochemical reaction occurs to form a layered multiphase composite glass ceramic. During the sintering process, the multiphase composite glass ceramics of each layer are a eutectic layer and/or mechanical anchoring are respectively formed in the metal substrate, the metal resistance foil as the electric heating element or the metal resistance wire and the capillary pores on the surface of the temperature sensing element, so that the metal substrate and the bottom layer are multi-phase composited The glass-ceramic, the metal resistance foil or the metal resistance wire and the temperature sensing element as the electric heating element and the functional layer multi-phase composite glass ceramic as the thermal conductive insulating material are firmly combined, and the adjacent layer multi-phase composite glass ceramics They are also closely integrated.
所述多相复合玻璃陶瓷生片为多相复合玻璃陶瓷浆料经流延或轧膜或 其它成型工艺制成。  The multiphase composite glass ceramic green sheet is produced by casting or rolling a film or other molding process for the multiphase composite glass ceramic slurry.
由于本发明采用在压力状态下烧结， 降低了烧结温度， 同时降低了制 造过程的能源消耗， 也大大提高产品了质量和合格率以及生产效率， 降低 了生产成本， 节能减排。  Since the present invention uses sintering under pressure, the sintering temperature is lowered, the energy consumption of the manufacturing process is reduced, the quality and yield of the product and the production efficiency are greatly improved, the production cost is reduced, and energy saving and emission reduction are reduced.
所述金属基板可以本身就是电加热器具的容器体的一个或多个加热工作面。 本发明可以铸造的工艺与低熔点金属的容器体结合在一起， 制成电加热器 具。  The metal substrate may itself be one or more heated working surfaces of the container body of the electric heating appliance. The process of the present invention can be combined with a container body of a low melting point metal to form an electric heater.
本发明也可分别以机械的方法、 焊接或粘接的工艺与电加热器具的容器体 结合在一起， 制成电加热器具。  The present invention can also be combined with a container body of an electric heating device by a mechanical method, a welding or bonding process, respectively, to form an electric heating device.
本发明所提供的电加热器即金属基板电发热片是一种运用功能梯度材料概 念， 以金属作为基板提供强度支撑、 以金属电阻型材加工成形的金属电阻箔片或 金属电阻丝作为电热元件、 以层状多相复合玻璃陶瓷作为绝缘导热材料， 内置温 度感应元件， 在压力状态下， 采用多层低温烧结技术制成的， 具有通电发热、温 度控制或信号输出功能的电加热器。  The electric heater, that is, the metal substrate electric heating sheet provided by the present invention is a metal resistive foil or a metal resistance wire which is formed by using a metal as a substrate to provide strength support and a metal resistance profile as an electric heating element. The layered multi-phase composite glass ceramic is used as the insulating and heat-conducting material, and the built-in temperature sensing element is used in the state of pressure, and is made of a multi-layer low-temperature sintering technology, and has an electric heater with electric heating, temperature control or signal output function.
由于采用本发明的技术方案，本发明所述多相复合玻璃陶瓷与金属基板、 电 热元件、温度感应元件之间的结合强度高， 既具有近年出现的新型片状电加热器 热惯性小、加热面均匀的优点， 又有传统电热管式加热器耐热冲击能力强、成本 低的长处。 同时本发明温度控制灵敏度高、 过热保护反应迅速、 使用寿命长， 大 大提高了安全性。 功率密度大， 热效率高， 单位体积散热面积大， 结构形状和功 率密度设计灵活性大， 不消耗有色金属、 铅等重金属及贵金属， 环保节能。 在工 业和家用电器的中低温电加热领域有广泛的应用前景。 附图说明 Due to the technical solution of the present invention, the multi-phase composite glass ceramic of the present invention has high bonding strength with a metal substrate, an electric heating element and a temperature sensing element, and has a novel sheet-shaped electric heater which has appeared in recent years. The advantages of small thermal inertia and uniform heating surface, and the advantages of the traditional electric heating tube heater with high thermal shock resistance and low cost. At the same time, the temperature control sensitivity of the invention is high, the overheat protection response is rapid, the service life is long, and the safety is greatly improved. High power density, high thermal efficiency, large heat dissipation area per unit volume, high flexibility in structural shape and power density design, no consumption of heavy metals and precious metals such as non-ferrous metals and lead, environmental protection and energy saving. It has broad application prospects in the field of medium and low temperature electric heating of industrial and household appliances. DRAWINGS
图 1为本发明所提供的电加热器实施例的俯剖视图。  1 is a top cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an electric heater provided by the present invention.
图 2为本发明所提供的电加热器实施例的剖视图。  2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an electric heater provided by the present invention.
图 3为本发明所提供的电加热器具实施例的剖视图。 具体实施方式  3 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an electric heating device provided by the present invention. detailed description
实施例 1， 参照附图 1、 2。  Embodiment 1 Referring to Figures 1 and 2.
本发明所提供的金属基板电发热片包括导热金属基板 21， 所述导热金属基 板 21上烧结有作为绝缘导热材料的底层多相复合玻璃陶瓷 22-1、功能层多相复 合玻璃陶瓷 22-2、 22-3, 所述功能层多相复合玻璃陶瓷 22-3嵌有或埋有作为电 热元件的金属电阻箔片 23和作为限温元件的 PTC (正温度系数） 温度感应元件 24。  The metal substrate electric heating sheet provided by the present invention comprises a heat conductive metal substrate 21 on which an underlying multiphase composite glass ceramic 22-1 as an insulating heat conductive material and a functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic 22-2 are sintered. 22-3, the functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic 22-3 is embedded or embedded with a metal resistor foil 23 as an electric heating element and a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) temperature sensing element 24 as a temperature limiting element.
简单的制作过程如下： （参考图 1、 2 )  The simple production process is as follows: (Refer to Figure 1, 2)
第一步：在作为加热工作面的上下金属基板的一个表面分别涂覆所述底层多 相复合玻璃陶瓷浆料或放上底层多相玻璃陶瓷生片 22-1 ;  The first step: coating the bottom multi-phase composite glass ceramic slurry or placing the bottom multi-phase glass ceramic green sheet 22-1 on one surface of the upper and lower metal substrates as the heating working surface;
第二步：在所述底层多相复合玻璃陶瓷上放上所述功能层多相复合玻璃陶瓷 生片 22-2及 22-3;  The second step: placing the functional layer multi-phase composite glass ceramic green sheets 22-2 and 22-3 on the bottom multi-phase composite glass ceramic;
第三步： 将预先加工好的作为电热元件的金属电阻箔片 23与作为限温或过 热保护元件的 PTC温度感应元件 24组件放在所述上下功能层多相复合玻璃陶瓷 生片 22-3之间； 在这过程中， 经脱脂、 排胶等工序， 再在压力状态下， 经一次或多次烧结， 底层多相复合玻璃陶瓷 22-1被扩散到金属基板表面的毛细孔隙中， 功能层多相 复合玻璃陶瓷 22-3渗入金属电阻箔片 23与 PTC温度感应元件 24表面的毛细孔 隙中， 分别形成有共晶层和 /或机械锚定并紧密结合在一起； 各相邻层多相复合 玻璃陶瓷之间相互渗透， 结合在一起。作为加热工作面的金属基板和底层多相复 合玻璃陶瓷之间，金属电阻箔片 23和 PTC温度感应元件 24组成的组件与功能层 多相复合玻璃陶瓷 22-3之间牢固结合在一起， 各层多相复合玻璃陶瓷之间亦紧 密结合， 制成一种新型的电加热器， 即金属基板电发热片。 Step 3: placing a pre-processed metal resistor foil 23 as an electric heating element and a PTC temperature sensing element 24 as a temperature limiting or overheat protection element in the upper and lower functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic green sheets 22-3 between; In this process, after degreasing, debinding, etc., and under pressure, after one or more sintering, the bottom multiphase composite glass ceramic 22-1 is diffused into the capillary pores on the surface of the metal substrate, the functional layer is multiphase The composite glass ceramic 22-3 penetrates into the capillary pores of the metal resistor foil 23 and the surface of the PTC temperature sensing element 24, respectively forming a eutectic layer and/or mechanically anchoring and tightly bonding together; each adjacent layer multiphase composite glass The ceramics penetrate each other and combine together. Between the metal substrate for heating the working surface and the underlying multi-phase composite glass ceramic, the assembly of the metal resistor foil 23 and the PTC temperature sensing element 24 is firmly combined with the functional layer multi-phase composite glass ceramic 22-3, each The layer multiphase composite glass ceramics are also closely combined to form a new type of electric heater, that is, a metal substrate electric heating sheet.
所述底层多相复合玻璃陶瓷与金属基板之间、 所述功能层多相复合玻璃陶 瓷与电热元件及温度感应元件之间具有相匹配的热膨胀系数， 同时， 各层多相 复合玻璃陶瓷之间也具有相匹配的热膨胀系数， 以适应电热元件与金属基板之 间的温度梯度变化。  Between the underlying multi-phase composite glass ceramic and the metal substrate, the functional layer multi-phase composite glass ceramic has a matching thermal expansion coefficient between the electric heating element and the temperature sensing element, and at the same time, between the layers of the multi-phase composite glass ceramic There is also a matching coefficient of thermal expansion to accommodate temperature gradient changes between the electric heating element and the metal substrate.
本实施例的多相复合玻璃陶瓷由于采用压力烧结提高材料致密性， 尽量 消除玻璃陶瓷体中的裂纹缺陷； 在玻璃陶瓷中加入第二相， 如颗粒 （纳米颗 粒和 /或微米颗粒） 和 /或晶须和 /或纤维等增强体， 即采用了颗粒增韧和 / 或晶须增韧和 /或纤维增韧等强韧化方式； 采用层状结构的多相复合玻璃陶 瓷等技术措施， 所述层状多相复合玻璃陶瓷具有较强的耐热冲击性能。  The multiphase composite glass ceramic of the present embodiment improves the material compactness by pressure sintering, and eliminates crack defects in the glass ceramic body as much as possible; and adds a second phase such as particles (nanoparticles and/or microparticles) and/or to the glass ceramic. Or reinforcements such as whiskers and/or fibers, that is, using a toughening method such as grain toughening and/or whisker toughening and/or fiber toughening; technical measures such as multiphase composite glass ceramics having a layered structure, The layered multiphase composite glass ceramic has strong thermal shock resistance.
本实施例的金属电阻箔片为镍铬或铁铬铝合金材料制成，具有较好的韧性， 由金属电阻型材冲裁成形。 金属电阻箔片为一种成熟、 可靠性高、 成本低、 抗热 冲击能力强的传统电热材料， 在传统的电加热元件中有广泛的应用。  The metal resistance foil of the present embodiment is made of a nickel-chromium or iron-chromium-aluminum alloy material, has good toughness, and is formed by punching a metal resistance profile. The metal resistance foil is a mature electric heating material with high reliability, low cost and strong thermal shock resistance, and is widely used in the traditional electric heating element.
PTC温度感应元件 24具有正温度系数特性， 在一定的温度下电阻会急剧增 大。 因此， 利用其开关功能， 将根据所需温度设计好的 PTC温度感应元件 24与 金属电阻箔片 23组合， 制成一种具有限温或过热保护功能的电加热组件。 本实 施例中的 PTC元件 24仅是作为一个温度感应及控制元件， 与其他 PTC电加热器 中的 PTC元件主要作为加热元件是一个很大的区别。所述 PTC (正温度系数)温度 感应元件，与金属电阻箔片组合成为具有发热、限温或过热保护功能的电热组件， 数量可有一组或多组电热组件， 所述多组电热组件为组件间串联和 /或并联和 / 或串并联混合组成。 The PTC temperature sensing element 24 has a positive temperature coefficient characteristic, and the resistance sharply increases at a certain temperature. Therefore, with its switching function, the PTC temperature sensing element 24 designed according to the required temperature is combined with the metal resistor foil 23 to form an electric heating assembly having a temperature limiting or overheat protection function. The PTC element 24 in this embodiment is only used as a temperature sensing and control element, and the PTC element in other PTC electric heaters is mainly used as a heating element. The PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) temperature sensing element is combined with a metal resistor foil to form an electric heating component with heating, temperature limiting or overheat protection functions. The number may have one or more sets of electrothermal components, the plurality of sets of electrothermal components being comprised of series and/or parallel and/or series and parallel mixing between the components.
通过以上方式实现了金属基板电发热片的内置过热保护功能，具有良好的安 全性能。  The built-in overheat protection function of the metal substrate electric heating sheet is realized by the above method, and has good safety performance.
本实施例具有单位体积加热面积大的特点， 其单位体积加热面积与相同长 度、 直径 10 的普通管状电加热器相比， 达 2. 5倍以上。  The embodiment has the characteristics of large heating area per unit volume, and the heating area per unit volume is more than 2.5 times compared with the ordinary tubular electric heater of the same length and diameter 10.
本实施例具有加热面均匀、 热惯性小、耐热冲击能力强、 单位体积加热面积 大、 内置温控和 /或过热保护功能元件、 成本低的优点， 在工业和家用电器的中 低温电加热领域的气体、 液体、 食品加热装置中有着广泛的应用前景。 实施例 2， 参照附图 3  The embodiment has the advantages of uniform heating surface, small thermal inertia, strong thermal shock resistance, large heating area per unit volume, built-in temperature control and/or overheat protection functional components, low cost, medium and low temperature electric heating in industrial and household appliances. There are broad application prospects in the field of gas, liquid and food heating devices. Embodiment 2, referring to FIG. 3
本发明所提供的电加热器具包括容器体，容器体具有作为加热工作面的导热 金属底， 即所述的金属基板 21， 所述金属基板 21上烧结有作为绝缘导热材料的 层状多相复合玻璃陶瓷 （由 22-1 22-2 22-3 22_4组成） ， 所述层状多相复 合玻璃陶瓷嵌有或埋有作为电热元件的金属电阻箔片 23和金属热电阻温度感应 元件 24。 层状多相复合玻璃陶瓷和金属基板 21、 作为电热元件的金属电阻箔片 23、 金属热电阻温度感应元件 24的结合方式为：  The electric heating device provided by the present invention comprises a container body having a heat conductive metal bottom as a heating working surface, that is, the metal substrate 21, wherein the metal substrate 21 is sintered with a layered multiphase composite as an insulating heat conductive material. Glass ceramic (consisting of 22-1 22-2 22-3 22_4), the layered multiphase composite glass ceramic is embedded or embedded with a metal resistor foil 23 as an electric heating element and a metal thermal resistance temperature sensing element 24. The combination of the layered multiphase composite glass ceramic and the metal substrate 21, the metal resistance foil 23 as the electric heating element, and the metal thermal resistance temperature sensing element 24 are as follows:
第一步： 在容器体 1作为加热工作面的金属基板 21外表面涂覆如图 3所示 底层多相复合玻璃陶瓷浆料或放上底层多相复合玻璃陶瓷生片 22-1 ;  The first step: coating the outer surface of the metal substrate 21 as the heating working surface of the container body 1 as the bottom multi-phase composite glass ceramic slurry or the bottom multi-phase composite glass ceramic green sheet 22-1;
第二步：在所述底层多相复合玻璃陶瓷上放上如图 3所示功能层多相复合玻 璃陶瓷 22-2生片；  The second step: placing a functional layer multi-phase composite glass ceramic 22-2 green sheet as shown in FIG. 3 on the bottom multi-phase composite glass ceramic;
第三步： 将作为电热元件的金属电阻箔片 23放在如图 3所示功能层多相复 合玻璃陶瓷 22-2生片表面；  The third step: placing the metal resistor foil 23 as an electric heating element on the surface of the functional layer multi-phase composite glass ceramic 22-2 as shown in FIG. 3;
第四步； 在所述电热元件的金属电阻箔片 23上面放上如图 3所示功能层多 相复合玻璃陶瓷 22-3生片； 第五步； 将金属热电阻温度感应元件 24放在如图 3所示功能层多相复合玻 璃陶瓷 22-3生片表面； a fourth step; placing a functional layer multi-phase composite glass ceramic 22-3 green sheet as shown in FIG. 3 on the metal resistance foil 23 of the electric heating element; The fifth step; placing the metal thermal resistance temperature sensing element 24 on the surface of the functional layer multi-phase composite glass ceramic 22-3 green sheet as shown in FIG. 3;
第六步； 最后放上如图 3所示功能层多相复合玻璃陶瓷 22-4生片。  The sixth step; Finally, put the functional layer multi-phase composite glass ceramic 22-4 green sheet as shown in Fig. 3.
在这过程中，通过脱脂、排胶等工序，再在压力状态下，经一次或多次烧结， 发生物理化学反应， 底层多相复合玻璃陶瓷被扩散到金属基板表面的毛细孔隙 中， 功能层多相复合玻璃陶瓷扩散渗入作为电热元件的金属电阻箔片、金属热电 阻温度感应元件表面毛细孔隙内， 并分别形成有共晶层和 /或机械锚定， 使作为 加热工作面的金属基板和底层多相复合玻璃陶瓷之间，作为电热元件的金属电阻 箔片和金属热电阻温度感应元件分别与作为绝缘导热材料的功能层多相复合玻 璃陶瓷之间，各相邻层多相复合玻璃陶瓷之间牢固结合在一起， 制成带有本发明 的电加热器具。  In this process, through the process of degreasing, debinding, etc., and under one or more times of sintering under pressure, a physicochemical reaction occurs, and the underlying multiphase composite glass ceramic is diffused into the capillary pores on the surface of the metal substrate, the functional layer. The multiphase composite glass ceramic diffuses into the metal resistive foil as the electric heating element, the capillary pores of the surface of the metal thermal resistance temperature sensing element, and respectively forms a eutectic layer and/or mechanical anchoring, so that the metal substrate as the heating working surface and Between the underlying multiphase composite glass ceramics, the metal resistance foil and the metal thermal resistance temperature sensing element as the electric heating element and the functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic as the insulating heat conductive material, respectively, the adjacent layer multiphase composite glass ceramic They are firmly bonded together to form an electric heating device with the present invention.
所述底层多相复合玻璃陶瓷与金属基板之间、 所述功能层多相复合玻璃陶 瓷与电热元件及温度感应元件之间具有相匹配的热膨胀系数， 同时， 各层多相 复合玻璃陶瓷之间也具有相匹配的热膨胀系数， 以适应电热元件与金属基板之 间的温度梯度变化。  Between the underlying multi-phase composite glass ceramic and the metal substrate, the functional layer multi-phase composite glass ceramic has a matching thermal expansion coefficient between the electric heating element and the temperature sensing element, and at the same time, between the layers of the multi-phase composite glass ceramic There is also a matching coefficient of thermal expansion to accommodate temperature gradient changes between the electric heating element and the metal substrate.
本实施例的多相复合玻璃陶瓷由于采用压力烧结提高材料致密性， 尽量 消除玻璃陶瓷体中的裂纹缺陷； 在玻璃陶瓷中加入第二相， 如颗粒 （纳米颗 粒和 /或微米颗粒） 和 /或晶须和 /或纤维等增强体， 即采用了颗粒增韧和 / 或晶须增韧和 /或纤维增韧等强韧化方式； 采用层状结构的多相复合玻璃陶 瓷等技术措施， 所述层状多相复合玻璃陶瓷具有较强的耐热冲击性能。  The multiphase composite glass ceramic of the present embodiment improves the material compactness by pressure sintering, and eliminates crack defects in the glass ceramic body as much as possible; and adds a second phase such as particles (nanoparticles and/or microparticles) and/or to the glass ceramic. Or reinforcements such as whiskers and/or fibers, that is, using a toughening method such as grain toughening and/or whisker toughening and/or fiber toughening; technical measures such as multiphase composite glass ceramics having a layered structure, The layered multiphase composite glass ceramic has strong thermal shock resistance.
本实施例的金属电阻箔片为镍铬或铁铬铝合金材料制成，具有较好的韧性， 由金属电阻型材冲裁成形。 金属电阻箔片为一种成熟、 可靠性高、 成本低、 抗热 冲击能力强的传统电热材料， 在传统的电加热元件中有广泛的应用。  The metal resistance foil of the present embodiment is made of a nickel-chromium or iron-chromium-aluminum alloy material, has good toughness, and is formed by punching a metal resistance profile. The metal resistance foil is a mature electric heating material with high reliability, low cost and strong thermal shock resistance, and is widely used in the traditional electric heating element.
金属热电阻温度感应元件电极穿出玻璃陶瓷与外部的温度控制装置连接，随 着温度变化， 金属热电阻温度感应元件的电阻也随着发生变化， 发出温度感应信 号，外部的温度控制装置根据变化的温度感应信号， 对加热温度进行及时的控制 和显示。通过以上方式实现了电加热器具的温度控制， 具有反应灵敏、 良好的安 全性能。 The metal thermal resistance temperature sensing element electrode is connected to the external glass temperature control device through the glass ceramic. As the temperature changes, the resistance of the metal thermal resistance temperature sensing element also changes, a temperature sensing signal is emitted, and the external temperature control device changes according to the temperature. Temperature sensing signal for timely control of heating temperature And display. The temperature control of the electric heating appliance is realized by the above method, and has the reaction sensitivity and good safety performance.
本实施例的温度感应元件采用传统的金属电阻型温度感应元件，具有可靠性 高的特点。  The temperature sensing element of this embodiment adopts a conventional metal resistance type temperature sensing element and has high reliability.
作为本发明的温度感应元件也可采用金属热电偶型温度感应元件或温度压 力型温度感应元件或半导体温度感应元件等等。  As the temperature sensing element of the present invention, a metal thermocouple type temperature sensing element or a temperature pressure type temperature sensing element or a semiconductor temperature sensing element or the like can be also used.
作为本实施例的金属电阻型温度感应元件可有一只或多只，每只有两根电极 穿出绝缘层与温度控制装置和 /或电源连接。  As the metal resistance type temperature sensing element of this embodiment, there may be one or more, and only two electrodes are connected to the temperature control device and/or the power source through the insulating layer.
金属底即金属基板可以本身即为容器体底或者是通过钎焊等手段连接到容 器体底上的金属薄板，如果金属底采用通过钎焊等手段连接到容器体底上的金属 薄板时， 可以先将金属薄板与所述层状多相复合玻璃陶瓷一起烧结后， 再连接到 容器体底上。 金属底的表面形状可以是平面、 曲面等根据需要而设计的形状， 金 属底的材料可以是碳钢、 铸铁、 不锈钢、 铜及铜合金等导热金属材料。  The metal substrate, that is, the metal substrate, may be the bottom of the container body or a thin metal plate connected to the bottom of the container body by brazing or the like. If the metal bottom is connected to the metal thin plate on the bottom of the container body by brazing or the like, The metal sheet is first sintered together with the layered multiphase composite glass ceramic and then attached to the bottom of the container body. The surface shape of the metal base may be a shape designed as a plane or a curved surface as needed, and the material of the metal base may be a heat conductive metal material such as carbon steel, cast iron, stainless steel, copper or copper alloy.
所述容器体可以是锅、 壶、 杯、 盘等器具， 比如加热食品、 液体的锅、 壶、 杯； 烧、 煎、 烤、 炸食品的盘、 锅等。  The container body may be a pot, a pot, a cup, a tray, etc., such as a heated food, a liquid pot, a pot, a cup; a dish, a pan, etc. which are fried, fried, roasted, fried food.
通过以上方式制成的安装有本发明即金属基板电发热片的电加热器具，具有 加热面均匀、 热惯性小、 耐热冲击能力强、 温控灵敏、 安全可靠的特点。  The electric heating device equipped with the metal substrate electric heating sheet of the present invention prepared by the above method has the characteristics of uniform heating surface, small thermal inertia, strong heat shock resistance, temperature control sensitivity, safety and reliability.

Claims

权利要求书 Claim
1、 金属基板电发热片， 它包括金属基板， 其特征在于金属基板上烧结有作 为导热绝缘材料的多相复合玻璃陶瓷， 所述多相复合玻璃陶瓷内部主要嵌有或 埋有温度感应元件以及作为电热元件的金属电阻箔片和 /或金属电阻丝。 1. A metal substrate electric heating sheet, comprising a metal substrate, characterized in that a multiphase composite glass ceramic as a heat conductive insulating material is sintered on the metal substrate, and the temperature sensing element is mainly embedded or embedded in the multiphase composite glass ceramic; A metal resistor foil and/or a metal resistance wire as an electric heating element.
2、 如权利要求 1所述的金属基板电发热片， 其特征在于所述多相复合玻璃 陶瓷的浆料与埋入其中的金属基板、所述电热元件和 /或温度感应元件一起， 在 压力状态下经一次或多次烧结， 形成相对密度 95%的多相复合玻璃陶瓷， 并在 与金属基板、 所述电热元件、 温度感应元件相接处形成共晶层和 /或机械锚定并 紧密结合在一起。  2. The metal substrate electric heating sheet according to claim 1, wherein the slurry of the multiphase composite glass ceramic together with the metal substrate embedded therein, the electric heating element and/or the temperature sensing element is under pressure In one state, one or more sinterings are performed to form a multi-phase composite glass ceramic having a relative density of 95%, and a eutectic layer is formed at the interface with the metal substrate, the electric heating element, and the temperature sensing element, and/or mechanically anchored and tightly integrate.
3、 如权利要求 1所述的金属基板电发热片， 其特征在于所述多相复合玻璃 陶瓷为层状多相复合玻璃陶瓷。  The metal substrate electric heating sheet according to claim 1, wherein the multiphase composite glass ceramic is a layered multiphase composite glass ceramic.
4、 如权利要求 3所述的金属基板电发热片， 其特征在于层状多相复合玻璃 陶瓷由底层多相复合玻璃陶瓷和若干层功能层多相复合玻璃陶瓷组成， 所述 功能层多相复合玻璃陶瓷有一层或多层， 分别具有导热和 /或绝缘功能。  4. The metal substrate electric heating sheet according to claim 3, wherein the layered multiphase composite glass ceramic is composed of a bottom multiphase composite glass ceramic and a plurality of functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramics, wherein the functional layer is multiphase Composite glass ceramics have one or more layers with thermal and/or insulating properties, respectively.
5、 如权利要求 3或 4所述的金属基板电发热片， 其特征在于所述层状多相 复合玻璃陶瓷的各层浆料或生片与金属基板、 电热元件及温度感应元件叠放一 起，在压力状态下经一次或多次烧结后形成具有以下特征的导热和 /或绝缘多相 复合玻璃陶瓷； 各层多相复合玻璃陶瓷的相对密度 95%， 底层多相复合玻璃陶 瓷与金属基板之间、 部分功能层多相复合玻璃陶瓷与所述电热元件及温度感应 元件之间分别形成有共晶层和 /或机械锚定并紧密结合在一起； 各相邻层多相复 合玻璃陶瓷紧密结合。  The metal substrate electric heating sheet according to claim 3 or 4, wherein each layer of the layered multiphase composite glass ceramic slurry or the green sheet is stacked with the metal substrate, the electric heating element and the temperature sensing element After one or more sintering under pressure, a thermally conductive and/or insulating multiphase composite glass ceramic having the following characteristics is formed; the relative density of each layer of the multiphase composite glass ceramic is 95%, the bottom layer multiphase composite glass ceramic and the metal substrate A partial eutectic composite glass ceramic is formed between the functional layer and the electric heating element and the temperature sensing element respectively, and/or mechanically anchored and tightly combined; each adjacent layer of multiphase composite glass ceramic is tight Combine.
6、 如权利要求 3所述的金属基板电发热片， 其特征在于所述层状多相复合 玻璃陶瓷的底层多相复合玻璃陶瓷与金属基板之间、 功能层多相复合玻璃陶瓷 与所述电热元件及温度感应元件之间具有相匹配的热膨胀系数，所述各层多相复 合玻璃陶瓷的热膨胀系数为： 8 X 10— 7°C 热膨胀系数 17 X 10— 7°C，并能适应 电热元件与金属基板之间的温度梯度变化。 The metal substrate electric heating sheet according to claim 3, characterized in that the layered multiphase composite glass ceramic has a bottom layer multiphase composite glass ceramic and a metal substrate, and a functional layer multiphase composite glass ceramic and the The electric heating element and the temperature sensing element have a matching coefficient of thermal expansion, and the thermal expansion coefficients of the multi-phase composite glass ceramics of the layers are: 8 X 10-7 ° C thermal expansion coefficient 17 X 10-7 ° C, and can be adapted A change in temperature gradient between the electric heating element and the metal substrate.
7、 如权利要求 1所述的金属基板电发热片， 其特征在于所述多相复合玻璃 陶瓷加有第二相， 如颗粒 （包括纳米颗粒、 微米颗粒）和 /或晶须和 /或纤维 等增强体， 即利用了所谓的颗粒增韧、 晶须增韧和纤维增韧等强韧化方式， 以提高各层多相复合玻璃陶瓷的韧性， 进而提高耐热冲击性能， 耐热冲击系 数 600 ^ A Tmax ^ 350 o 7. The metal substrate electric heating sheet according to claim 1, wherein said multiphase composite glass ceramic is provided with a second phase, such as particles (including nanoparticles, microparticles) and/or whiskers and/or fibers. The reinforcing body, that is, the so-called toughening method of particle toughening, whisker toughening and fiber toughening, is used to improve the toughness of the multi-phase composite glass ceramics of each layer, thereby improving the thermal shock resistance and the thermal shock resistance coefficient. 600 ^ AT max ^ 350 o
8、 如权利要求 1所述的金属基板电发热片， 其特征在于所述多相复合玻璃 陶瓷与空气接触部分涂有耐高温绝缘密封涂料，所述耐高温绝缘密封涂料渗入多 相复合玻璃陶瓷毛细孔隙中。  8. The metal substrate electric heating sheet according to claim 1, wherein the multi-phase composite glass ceramic and the air contact portion are coated with a high temperature resistant insulating sealing coating, and the high temperature resistant insulating sealing coating penetrates into the multiphase composite glass ceramic. In the capillary pores.
9、 如权利要求 1所述的金属基板电发热片， 其特征在于所述温度感应元件 为与金属电阻箔片和 /或金属电阻丝直接紧密结合的半导体温度感应元件， 与金 属电阻箔片和 /或金属电阻丝组合成为具有发热、 温度控制功能的电热组件， 数 量有一组或多组电热组件，所述多组电热组件的连接方式为组件间串联、并联或 串并联混合连接。  9. The metal substrate electric heating sheet according to claim 1, wherein the temperature sensing element is a semiconductor temperature sensing element directly bonded to the metal resistor foil and/or the metal resistance wire, and the metal resistor foil and The metal resistance wire is combined into an electric heating component having a heating and temperature control function, and the quantity has one or more sets of electric heating components, and the plurality of electric heating components are connected by a series connection, a parallel connection or a series-parallel hybrid connection.
10、如权利要求 9所述的金属基板电发热片， 其特征在于所述温度感应元件 为与金属电阻箔片和 /或金属电阻丝直接紧密结合的正温度系数 PTC温度感应元 件， 与金属电阻箔片和 /或金属电阻丝组合成为具有发热、 限温或过热保护功能 的电热组件，数量有一组或多组电热组件， 所述多组电热组件的连接方式为组件 间串联、 并联或串并联混合连接。  The metal substrate electric heating sheet according to claim 9, wherein the temperature sensing element is a positive temperature coefficient PTC temperature sensing element directly coupled with a metal resistor foil and/or a metal resistance wire, and a metal resistor. The foil and/or the metal resistance wire are combined into an electric heating component having a heating, temperature limiting or overheating protection function, and the quantity has one or more sets of electric heating components, and the plurality of electric heating components are connected by series connection, parallel connection or series and parallel connection between components. Mixed connection.
11、如权利要求 1所述的金属基板电发热片， 其特征在于所述温度感应元件 为与金属电阻箔片和 /或金属电阻丝绝缘的温度感应元件， 具有输出温度感应信 号的功能。  The metal substrate electric heating sheet according to claim 1, wherein said temperature sensing element is a temperature sensing element insulated from the metal resistor foil and/or the metal resistance wire, and has a function of outputting a temperature sensing signal.
12、如权利要求 1所述的金属基板电发热片， 其特征在于所述金属电阻箔片 和 /或金属电阻丝设置有局部相对薄弱环节， 具有局部过热自熔断功能， 起到最 终自毁的熔断器作用， 避免因整体过热引发恶性事故。  The metal substrate electric heating sheet according to claim 1, wherein the metal resistor foil and/or the metal resistance wire are provided with a partial relatively weak link, and have a local overheating self-fuse function, thereby ultimately self-destructing. The function of the fuse to avoid a serious accident caused by the overall overheating.
PCT/CN2011/076904 2011-07-06 2011-07-06 Metal substrate electric heating foil WO2013004014A1 (en)

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Citations (2)

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