WO2013001286A1 - Building materials - Google Patents
Building materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013001286A1 WO2013001286A1 PCT/GB2012/051493 GB2012051493W WO2013001286A1 WO 2013001286 A1 WO2013001286 A1 WO 2013001286A1 GB 2012051493 W GB2012051493 W GB 2012051493W WO 2013001286 A1 WO2013001286 A1 WO 2013001286A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- core
- outer layer
- building material
- conductive polymer
- conductive
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical group [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005549 heteroarylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000015 polydiacetylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003195 fascia Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004184 polymer manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 poiypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005323 electroforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001174 tin-lead alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/54—Contact plating, i.e. electroless electrochemical plating
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0866—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels or layered panels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/38—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
- C25D5/022—Electroplating of selected surface areas using masking means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/54—Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces
- C25D5/56—Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces of plastics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/12—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of metal or with an outer layer of metal or enameled metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00439—Physico-chemical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00465—Heat conducting materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/90—Electrical properties
- C04B2111/94—Electrically conducting materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/18—Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23—Sheet including cover or casing
- Y10T428/239—Complete cover or casing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31533—Of polythioether
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31692—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31692—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31696—Including polyene monomers [e.g., butadiene, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to building materials.
- the present invention relates to building materials for placement on the exterior of buildings.
- the present invention also relates to methods of producing such building materials. Modern building methods call for a variety of building materials to inter alia suit aesthetic preferences and provide weather resistance over a number of years.
- Vulcan Supply Corp.TM sell roofing products, e.g. roof tiies, which consist of copper.
- the copper is said to provide aesthetic properties to roofs, be waterproof and be environmentally friendly.
- metallic building materials e.g. those mentioned above, stand up to strong weather conditions, they use a large amount of metai raw material. This results in high raw material cost, when compared to, for example, ceramic tiles, and generally high density, leading to higher transport costs, when compared to, for example, ceramic tiles.
- the inclusion of large amounts of metal raw material means that metallic building materials are heavy for their size, relative to plastic panels for example, because metals generally have a high density. Heavier panels for roofing, for example, place limits on design freedom in buildings, increases transportation costs and places tough limits on structures, e.g. with a particularly heavy roof walls would have to be thicker and foundations built to be more robust.
- US 5,4 7,838 discloses the preparation of building panels, e.g. roofing panels, by placing a layer of copper over a preformed plastics structural base.
- the plastics structural base is generally an insulator.
- the surface of the plastics structural base was subjected to an oxidising process by a high voltage corona discharge to render the surface conductive.
- the structural base was then placed in an eiectrodeposition bath and a thin layer of copper metal was deposited on the surface of the base.
- US 5,417,838 discloses the deposition of copper metal on a plastics structural base
- the copper metal is a very thin layer and the panels produced are not suitable for most environments, in other words, the metal layers of the panels produced in US 5,417,838 erode quickly to expose the plastics base layer because the plastics structural bases are poor conductors and have limited ability to electroplate.
- the metal layer in the panels disclosed in US 5,417,838 has a tendency to separate from the plastics structural base due to differences in coefficient of thermal expansion between the two materials.
- an insulating polymer provides a supporting role as the host material for conducting material, the conducting material being placed within holes in the host material.
- the conductivity is provided by a network of conductive particles, metal powders, graphite and/or carbon black to form an electrically conductive network.
- a building material comprising:
- a core comprising an intrinsically conductive polymer
- an outer layer wherein the outer layer is metallic.
- the outer layer surrounds the core.
- the outer layer partially surrounds the core.
- the intrinsically conductive polymer comprises an electrically conductive thermoplastic, a conductive thermoset plastic, a conductive elastomer, and/or a conductive polymer blend.
- the intrinsically conductive polymer comprises any one or more of polydiacetylene, polyacetylene, poiypyrrole, polyaniline,
- polythiophene polyisothianaphthene, polyheteroarylenvinylene, where heteroarylene can be thiophene, furan or pyrrole, poly-p-phenylene,
- the core comprising a conductive polymer further comprises a non-conductive material.
- the intrinsically conductive polymer is filled and/or mixed with conductive particles.
- the conductive particles are one or more of carbon black, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes and metal powders or fibers.
- the outer layer is zinc, copper, nickel, bronze, brass, solder, chrome, tin, lead, gold, silver and any other metallic metal or ailoy, or combination of metallic metal and/or alloy, preferably, wherein the outer layer is copper.
- a method of making a building material for use on the exterior of a building, the building material comprising a core comprising an intrinsically conductive polymer, and, an outer layer, wherein the outer layer is metallic, wherein the method comprises:
- the step of electroplating the outer layer over the core is by electrochemical means.
- the intrinsically conductive polymer is an electrically conductive thermoplastic, a conductive thermoset plastic, a conductive elastomer, or a conductive polymer blend.
- the intrinsically conductive polymer comprises any one or more of polydiacety!ene, polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, po!ythiophene, polyisothianaphthene, polyheteroary!envinylene, where heteroarylene can be thiophene, furan or pyrrole, poly-p-phenylene, polyphenylene-sulphide, polyperinaphthalene, polyphthalocyanine, and their derivatives formed from monomers substituted with side chains or groups, or their copolymers.
- the core comprising a conductive polymer is formed by a polymer manufacturing processes, preferably, compression moulding, extrusion, intrusion or injection moulding.
- the step of forming a core comprising a conductive polymer comprises the step of over moulding the conductive polymer over another material, optionally wherein the other material is a non-conductive polymer, further optionally wherein the step of over moulding includes bisection moulding and/or co-extrusion.
- electrochemical means comprises:
- the method comprises the further step of affixing a blocking structure to the core, prior to electroplating, so as to prevent formation of an outer layer at one or more positions on the core.
- a building material obtainable by a method according to any one of the above methods.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a building material according to the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a cross-section along line A-A of Figure 1.
- FIG 3 is a schematic representation of a method of manufacturing a building materia! according to the present invention.
- a building material 1 is shown.
- the building material 1 is a tile which could be placed on a roof or on an external surface of a building.
- the building material item could be a panel (optionally, a facade panel), a rainscreen, a tile, a door, a fascia, a soffit, a weatherboard, a garage door, door furniture, fencing, a building detailing, a flashing, guttering, piping, a window frame or an ancillary of any shape and/or size for a particular building function.
- Figure 2 shows the building material 1 in cross section along the line A-A.
- Figure 2 shows that the building material 1 has a core 3 and an outer layer 2 surrounding the core 3.
- the core 3 comprises an intrinsically conductive polymer, for example an intrinsically conductive thermoplastic.
- the outer layer 2 is a metallic layer.
- intrinsically conductive polymer(s) refers to organic polymers which have poly-conjugated ⁇ -electron systems (e.g. double bonds or aromatic rings).
- examples of such polymers include, but are not limited to, polydiacetylene, polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, polyisothianaphthene, polyheteroarylenvinylene (where heteroarylene can be thiophene, furan or pyrrole), poly-p-phenylene, polypheny!ene-sulphide, polyperinaphthalene, polyphthalocyanine, and other known intrinsically conductive polymers, and their derivatives (formed for example from monomers substituted with side chains or groups), their copolymers and their physical compounds.
- the intrinsically conductive polymer of the core 3 may be over-moulded over another polymer or material, which may not be electrically conductive.
- the core 3 is formed by initially forming a composite part from a first polymer and/or other generally inert material, e.g. a non-electrical ly conductive polymer (which may be relatively cheaper and/or lighter than the electrically conductive polymer, e.g. epoxy resin, expanded polystyrene, polymer foams) and/or glass materials, and subsequently forming the intrinsically conductive polymer over the composite part formed of the first polymer.
- a non-electrical ly conductive polymer which may be relatively cheaper and/or lighter than the electrically conductive polymer, e.g. epoxy resin, expanded polystyrene, polymer foams
- Examples of metals and alloys which in different embodiments make up the outer layer 2 include zinc, copper, nickel, bronze, brass, solder, chrome, tin, lead, gold, silver and any other metallic metal or alloy, or a combination of metallic metal and/or alloy.
- the presence of the core 3 reduces the amount of metal required in the building material item 3, as compared with building materials made entirely of metal.
- the building material 1 can, in one embodiment, be made by a method as discussed with reference to Figure 3.
- Figure 3 shows electroplating of a metallic outer layer 2 on top of a core 3, the core 3 being made of an intrinsically conductive polymer, for example, but not limited to, polydiacetylene, pofyacetyiene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, poiythiophene, polyisothianaphthene, polyheteroarylenvinylene (where heteroarylene can be thiophene, furan or pyrrole), poly-p-phenylene, poiyphenylene-sulphide, polyperinaphthalene, polyphthalocyanine, and other known intrinsically conductive polymers, and their derivatives (formed for example from monomers substituted with side chains or groups), their copolymers and their physical compounds.
- an intrinsically conductive polymer for example, but not limited to, polydiacetylene, pofyacetyiene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, poiythiophene, polyisothianaphthene, polyhetero
- the core 3 of intrinsically conductive polymer can be made by known polymer manufacturing processes, such as compression moulding, extrusion, intrusion or injection moulding. Using these known processes, the core 3 can be shaped for its desired function. Alternatively, in other non-limiting embodiments, the core 3, comprising an intrinsically conductive polymer and a separate composite part formed of another material can be formed together by bi-injection or co- extrusion.
- the cathode is the core 3.
- the anode 4 is a metallic element made up of metal atoms which are to be layered on top of the core 3.
- the cathode and the anode 4 are both connected to an externa! supply of direct current 5, e.g. a battery or a rectifier.
- the anode 4 is connected to the positive terminal of the external supply of direct current 5 and the cathode is connected to the negative terminal.
- the external supply of direct current 5 is turned on, the metal at the anode is oxidised to form cations which have a positive charge and go into the solution 6, which has a meniscus 7.
- the cations M n+ associate with anions A n ⁇ in solution.
- the cations are reduced at the cathode and deposit in the metallic state.
- a metallic outer layer 2 forms over the core 3.
- the cathode can be made from any intrinsically conductive polymer, e.g. intrinsically conductive thermoplastics.
- intrinsically conductive thermoplastics include, but are not limited to, polymers currently on the market and sold by Cool Polymers ® , Inc. as their E- series polymers, such as E2, E4501 , E4505 and E5101.
- the intrinsically conductive polymer of the core can be selected to match the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal which is deposited on and/or over the core.
- the co-efficient of thermal expansion of E4505 is 33 ppm/°C.
- Metallic zinc has a similar co-efficient of thermal expansion at 30 ppm/°C. Therefore, a core comprising E4505 and an outer layer of zinc is a particularly preferred example.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the core is often between two or three times the thermal expansion coefficient of most metals, e.g. zinc and copper.
- the co-efficient of thermal expansion of the core and the metallic outer layer prefferably be the same, or at least a similar co-efficient of thermal expansion within 20,10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 ppm/°C.
- the core 3 mentioned above can additionally include injection moulding metal powders, particles or fibers, and/or graphene, to make an intrinsically conductive polymer and metal blend or matrix.
- injection moulding metal powders include, but are not limited to, bronze granules and flake metal copper powder (e.g. type 2500, as currently sold by AVL Metal Powders NV, Kortrijk, Belgium).
- the injection moulding metal powders include stainless steel fibres, particles or powders (e.g. Advanced Metal working Practices, LLC product range ADVAMET ® ).
- the passive oxide film of the stainless steel exposed on the surface of the thermoplastic matrix must be cleaned by chemical cleaning and activation processes, such as nickel strike, chloride pre cleaning, e.g. Zinc chloride or copper chloride strikes.
- the anode can be made from any metal or alloy, i.e.
- metals and alloys which can form the anode include, but are not limited to, zinc, copper, nickel, bronze, brass, solder, chrome, tin, lead, gold, silver and any other metallic metal or alloy, or combination of metallic metal and/or alloy.
- the solution 6 contains a dissolved mixture of metallic salt which is complementary to the metal forming the anode 4.
- the solution 6 can be a solution of CUSO4, so the anion, A n" , is S0 4 2' and the copper ions in solution are Cu 2+ .
- the solution 6 can be a solution of ZnS0 4l so the anion, A n" , is S0 4 2" and the zinc ions in solution are Zn 2+ .
- the solution 6 can be a solution of NiS0 4 , so the anion, A n" , is SO4 2" and the nickel ions in solution are Ni 2+ .
- the anode is often of the same metal to be deposited but not always.
- the anode can consist of a non-consumable alternative metal.
- lead can be used as the anode when it is desired to reduce the g/l of copper content in the copper plating solution.
- tin-lead alloy anodes can be employed for chromium plating, for example with chrome flakes directly added according to the usage of the bath as opposed to a reduction of the anode.
- the intrinsically conductive polymer which makes up the core 3 is selected to allow sufficient electrodeposition of the chosen metal or alloy.
- the conductive polymer will have an electrical resistance of 1000 ⁇ per square or less, including each and every integer below 1000 ⁇ per square, preferably an electrical resistance of 40 ⁇ per square or less.
- the units of ⁇ per square are commonly used when referring to sheet resistance. Referring to sheet resistance as simply ⁇ could be taken out of context and misinterpreted as bulk resistance.
- Electroplating can be carried out using reverse pulse plating to reduce the effect of intrinsically conductive polymers' electrical resistance on the current density during electroplating.
- only part of the core 3 is shown in the solution 6.
- the whole of the core 3 is covered with the metallic outer layer 2.
- only part of the core 3 is covered with the metallic outer layer 2, e.g. only the part of the building material 1 which is to be exposed to the elements when the building material is in use.
- Electroless plating is an auto-catalytic process for depositing a metal and/or alloy on an object, for example, a plastic object. Electroless plating utilises a reducing agent to react with metal ions in solution to deposit metal on the object.
- the building materials according to the present invention provide building materials with similar wear properties to known metallic building materials with at least the advantage that the building materials of the present invention use less raw metallic material. This saves on raw material cost and also reduces the weight of the building materials, thereby reducing, for example, transportation cost.
- the building materials according to the present invention provide building materials with thicker metallic layers over the core than previous building materials formed by electrodeposition over a generally insulating polymeric core after the core has been subjected to an oxidising process to render the surface at least partially conductive. After subjecting a generally insulating polymeric core to an oxidising process, the core is weakly conducting so only a very thin layer of metal can be economically deposited.
- the metallic layer formed on a generally insulating core after the generally insulating polymeric core has been oxidised is only weakly attached and is more akin to electroforming, where a metallic layer can be formed on a surface by mechanical (e.g. by screws or bolts), or adhesive (e.g. glue), means.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12733194.0A EP2723953A1 (en) | 2011-06-27 | 2012-06-26 | Building materials |
US14/128,252 US20140329045A1 (en) | 2011-06-27 | 2012-06-26 | Building materials |
AU2012277587A AU2012277587A1 (en) | 2011-06-27 | 2012-06-26 | Building materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1110808.1A GB2493492A (en) | 2011-06-27 | 2011-06-27 | A building material comprising a conductive polymer core and an outer metallic layer |
GB1110808.1 | 2011-06-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013001286A1 true WO2013001286A1 (en) | 2013-01-03 |
Family
ID=44485167
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2012/051493 WO2013001286A1 (en) | 2011-06-27 | 2012-06-26 | Building materials |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140329045A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2723953A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2012277587A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2493492A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013001286A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SG10201703539YA (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2017-06-29 | Univ Nanyang Tech | Methods of Producing Foams And Nanocomposites of Phthalonitrile Based Resins, And Foams And Nanocomposites Produced Thereof |
US11891806B2 (en) | 2015-11-11 | 2024-02-06 | Knauf Gips Kg | Building products with graphene or graphene oxide |
EP3374165B1 (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2022-04-20 | Cytec Industries Inc. | Hybrid veil as interlayer in composite materials and method for manufacturing a modified prepreg comprising a hybrid veil |
JP6646143B2 (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2020-02-14 | クナーフ ギプス カーゲーKnauf Gips Kg | Building material containing graphene or graphene oxide in bulk material, and method for manufacturing such a building material |
US11802347B2 (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2023-10-31 | Lacks Enterprises, Inc. | 2-shot molded article with multiple electrical current pathways |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5417838A (en) | 1990-07-06 | 1995-05-23 | Tube Technology Pty. Ltd. | Formation of contoured building panels by direct electrodeposition from leachates of copper ores |
US20090308001A1 (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-17 | Shaobing Wu | Substrate and the application |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2924314A1 (en) * | 1979-06-15 | 1980-12-18 | Franz Zambelli | Recovery of sheet metal waste - by dissolving in electrolyte and depositing it on cathode former to make angle pieces for guttering |
JPS6448962A (en) * | 1987-08-17 | 1989-02-23 | Ig Tech Res Inc | Snow melting roof material |
JPH05138802A (en) * | 1991-11-15 | 1993-06-08 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Composite type vibration damping material excellent in spot-weldability and adherence |
US5415762A (en) * | 1993-08-18 | 1995-05-16 | Shipley Company Inc. | Electroplating process and composition |
GB0323539D0 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2003-11-12 | Inditherm Plc | Heating of surface areas |
JP3141702U (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2008-05-22 | グッドウイン株式会社 | Snow melting panel for roof |
-
2011
- 2011-06-27 GB GB1110808.1A patent/GB2493492A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-06-26 US US14/128,252 patent/US20140329045A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-06-26 WO PCT/GB2012/051493 patent/WO2013001286A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-06-26 EP EP12733194.0A patent/EP2723953A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-06-26 AU AU2012277587A patent/AU2012277587A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5417838A (en) | 1990-07-06 | 1995-05-23 | Tube Technology Pty. Ltd. | Formation of contoured building panels by direct electrodeposition from leachates of copper ores |
US20090308001A1 (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-17 | Shaobing Wu | Substrate and the application |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2493492A (en) | 2013-02-13 |
EP2723953A1 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
AU2012277587A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
GB201110808D0 (en) | 2011-08-10 |
US20140329045A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20140329045A1 (en) | Building materials | |
US7198735B2 (en) | Low cost roofing shingles manufactured from conductive loaded resin-based materials | |
US7182889B2 (en) | Low cost roofing shingles manufactured from conductive loaded resin-based materials | |
CA2167846C (en) | Corrosion inhibiting compositions | |
Tadesse et al. | 3D printing of NinjaFlex filament onto PEDOT: PSS-coated textile fabrics for electroluminescence applications | |
WO1999035888A1 (en) | Electric heating device | |
CN104409707A (en) | Tin-based alloy flexible thin film electrode and preparation method thereof | |
Islam et al. | Direct electroplating of plastic for advanced electrical applications | |
CN104882671A (en) | Method for realizing chemical plated antenna on plastic housing embedded with metal | |
US20200298272A1 (en) | Polymer-based substrate and method for producing the same | |
EP1900768A1 (en) | Wollastonite-based electrically-conductive reinforcing materials | |
JP4901120B2 (en) | Zinc-containing plating film | |
US5676814A (en) | Method of producing conductive polymer composites | |
EP1751371B1 (en) | Element in web or plate form | |
CN201473616U (en) | Non-offset electroplated electroplating barrier | |
CN102332323B (en) | Production method of tinned copper plastic composite tape for cable | |
EP2937487B1 (en) | A skirt material for use in a flashing for a roof penetrating structure and a method for disposal of a skirt material | |
CZ35873U1 (en) | Complementary plastic-metal structure | |
CN215560000U (en) | High-coating-weight coating for PVC (polyvinyl chloride) plate | |
CN101928969A (en) | Offset-free electroplating method and electroplating block piece used in same | |
CN104005527B (en) | A kind of patch stone for indoor wall decoration and its preparation method | |
CN216139568U (en) | Aluminium alloy that anti-bending is effectual | |
US20120186870A1 (en) | Electromagnetic radiation attenuating laminar mesh | |
WO2005098965A2 (en) | Low cost roofing shingles manufactured from conductive loaded resin-based materials | |
CN206412735U (en) | A kind of etch-proof tunnel cable ditch support |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12733194 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2012277587 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20120626 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2012733194 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2012733194 Country of ref document: EP |