WO2013000840A1

WO2013000840A1 - Epoxy bi-component mortar for laying and sealing ceramic materials

Info

Publication number: WO2013000840A1
Application number: PCT/EP2012/062171
Authority: WO
Inventors: Stefano Pastorelli
Original assignee: Litokol S.P.A.
Priority date: 2011-06-28
Filing date: 2012-06-22
Publication date: 2013-01-03
Also published as: ITBO20110377A1

Abstract

A compound for applying a coating comprises at least an epoxy binder and a respective hardener in predetermined proportions; this compound contains light stabilizers additives including mixtures of HALS (Hindered Light Amines Stabilizer) and UV-Adsorbers components, where the components UV-Adsorbers and HALS are respectively Ethyl 4-(((methylphenylamino)methylene)amino)benzoate, of content > 99%, in use percentage between about 0,5% and 1% and Bis(1,2,2,6,6,-Pentamethyl-4-Piperodinyl)-Sebacate, of content between 70% and 80% and Methyl 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl sebacate of content between 20% and 30% in use percentage from about 1% to 3%.

Description

EPOXY BI-COMPONENT MORTAR FOR LAYING AND SEALING CERAMIC MATERIALS

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention consists in the set-up, formulation and obtainment of a bi- component epoxy mortar for laying and sealing ceramic materials and interiors and external coating materials. In addition to traditional and transparent colors, the mortar in object must also have an appropriate white color, with a "white" degree established by well defined chromatic indexes, warranted and almost time invariable, that does not yellows.

Nowadays from the technical-scientific knowledge and the market availabilities it is impossible to obtain a finished material with all the following specified characteristics: 1 ) capability to meet the mechanical resistance and sealing requirements for the laying materials, by correlative finding of the constitutive chemical-physical parameters, requirements defined by the rules EN 13888 (class: RG-for the reactive stuccos) and EN 12004 (class: R2T-for the reactive adhesives);

2) the application of the product for laying of coating materials, and the mechanical cleaning of burr residues from escapes, left residues and halos; therefore, the on working manufactured post-laying cleaning should be possible by a single passage without leaving remaining materials dispersed in halos, contrary to what is observed with respect to the common existing products and available on the market, both of cement and epoxy type;

3) capability to present high resistance characteristics with respect to acid, alkalis, and chemicals commonly used for cleaning, sanitizing, and cleaning in general (in conformity to what established under the rules UNI-EN-12808-1 "Chemical resistance determination of resin reactive mortar";

4) resistance to "ageing" phenomena mainly induced by solar (and electromagnetic in general) radiation, and exhibition to natural weather phenomena.

Therefore, the set-up of a new epoxy bi-component mortar represents the invention of a new chemical mixture that yields particularly valuable the use, because:

1 ) prevents the photochemical activation of the in laying material;

2) prevents the additional cross-linking of the partially unsaturated epoxy resins also at definitely long time distances (greater than three years);

prevents the retro-degrading (by effect of upper oxidation activity) of destabilizing materials, by effect of acid washing, by accidental or systematic contact with nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and sulfoxides (SO_x), by contact with solutions and saline aeriform suspension, etc.;

4) allows increasing the mechanical and thermodynamic stability of the products, improving the chemical and physical resistance to excursion and to thermal stress. The invention refers to the set-up of industrial mixture for epoxy mortar for laying and sealing with characteristics both of permanent "white", both permanent colored and transparent, also for laying on working under light, thermal, and different weather stress conditions, and whose on working post-laying cleaning products should be possible by a single passage without leaving remaining material dispersed in halos.

To achieve these aim, is necessary to altering and modifying in a somewhat consisting way the base formulations in order to ensure, to users world of these materials, the best performance in terms of quantitative and performances results of product due to chemical-physical stability (inalterability over the time). The effects of time on the similar sealing mortar nowadays in commerce show a progressive and gradual increasing of the induced photo-chromatism by yellowing phenomena of the material: ours invention allows to eliminate this problem.

The Patent Application WO 2008/012641 in the name of the same applicant describes white colored epoxy mortar in which are used inert fillers based on quartzes silica in order to develop suitable resistance characteristics both to acids and to alkalis. Moreover, because results suitable for the production of the mixture object of the invention, it must have the following characteristics:

1 ) chemical composition (reference values obtained by chemical analysis techniques based on X-Ray fluorescence, XRF):

- Si0₂ > 99,00%

- Ti0₂ < 0,04%

- Fe₂0₃ < 0,015%

2) mineralogical composition:

- Quartz 99,00% - Others 1 ,00%

3) particle size distribution curve:

- < 0,315mm 100-70%

- < 0,212mm 60-20%

- < 0,160mm 15-4, 5%

- < 0,125mm 4-1 %

- < 0,100mm 0,5-0, 1 %

An aim of the present invention is to propose an epoxy bi-component mortar for laying and sealing ceramic and coating materials, both of traditional and innovative type, for interiors and external whose coloring and/or transparent or translucent aspect is very resistant with respect to the exposing to the atmospheric agents and to the light, in particular to the ultraviolet radiation and which thus is either virtually yellowing free. The compound, or rather the epoxy mortar, object of the present invention, it is obtained by a mixing/producing innovative technique that uses different inert fillers according to the color that should be obtained.

To obtain the white coloring, the present invention provides to use inert filler consisting of the product Albite (NaAISi₃0₈), also not-pure, for example consisting of "Alogran® Naturale". The Albite is a mineral of the feldspars group. It is the element of the plagioclase series containing sodium; by definition it must contain at least 90% thereof. It is a tectosilicate. This filler, due to its crystal-chemical nature is sufficiently dulled and does not need any thermal, mechanical, chemical treatment, because prevents the incident light refraction by itself. The material allows the total reflection or, more correctly, the total diffusion of the radiating bands (if the surface on which affects the beam shows greater asperity than the dimension of the incident light wavelength, the surface cannot be considered "smooth" but rough). The Albite is then covered by a painting process by aliphatic polyurethane resin, to confer an ageing resistance to the grain. The painting and coating manufacturing process of the Albite base, having the described intrinsic chemical-physical properties, provides a mixing in mass with the specially prepared paint; during the mixing the temperature is carried to about 70°C, in order to increase the drying step of the paint on the grain surface. Elapsed the reaction time, the product is weight up to eliminate possible clots (multi-particles agglomerates) and left to stabilize for a few days. This solution prevents the color (titanium dioxide) dissolution in the epoxy binder wherein it is mixed. In this way therefore, it is eliminated the in mass coloring of the compound. It derives thus a compound that doesn't leave any halos on the ceramic surface, facilitating the set-up operations. The obtained "white" coloring by this production technique is moreover brighter then to the traditional opaque "white" coloring of the cement or epoxy sealing products in mass colored.

Moreover, in order that it results suitable for the production of the mixture object of the invention, it must necessarily own the following characteristics:

- Albite ≥ 98,00%

- Si0₂ < 2%

- Fe₂0₃ < 0,015%

- Al₂0₃ < 0,20%

2) mineralogical composition:

- Albite 98,00%

- Other 2,00%

3) particle size distribution curve:

- < 0,315mm 100-90%

- < 0,212mm 90-40%

- < 0,160mm 55-35%

- < 0,125mm 30-15%

- < 0,100mm 15-5%

To obtain the traditional colors quartzes silica is always used in order to develop suitable resistance characteristics both to acids and to alkalis. Moreover, because results suitable for the production of the mixture object of the invention, must necessarily have the following characteristics:

- Si02 > 99,00%

- Ti02 < 0,04%

- Fe₂0₃ < 0,015% mineralogical composition:

- quartz 99,00%

- other 1 ,00%

particle size distribution curve:

- < 0,315mm 100-70%

- < 0,212mm 60-20%

- < 0,160mm 15-4, 5%

- < 0,125mm 4-1 %

- < 0,100mm 0,5-0, 1 %

The silica grain is then coated by a painting process by epoxy resin. The painting and coating producing process of the crystalline silica base having the described intrinsic chemical-physical properties, it provides a mixing in mass with the specially prepared paint; during the mixing the temperature is carried to about 70°C, in order to speed up the paint drying step on the grain surface. Elapsed the reaction time, the product is weight up to eliminate possible clots (multi-particles agglomerates) and left to stabilize for a few days.

This solution prevents the color dissolution in the epoxy binder wherein it is mixed. In this way therefore, the compound in mass coloring is eliminated. It derives thus a compound that doesn't leave any halos on the ceramic surface, facilitating the set-up operations.

To obtain instead the transparent product glass microspheres are used.

Si0₂ > 65%

Fe₂0₃ < 0,015%

Al₂0₃ < 2,0%

MgO > 2,5%

CaO > 8,0%

Na₂0 > 14,0% - Other < 2,0%

2) particle size distribution curve:

- < 0,425mm 98-100%

- < 0,300mm 90-100%

- < 0,180mm 5-40%

- < 0,100mm 0-5%

The solid fraction grains as particles, having the above-mentioned characteristics, are inserted in the mixture in the same way to obtain a transparent effect.

The binder consists of epoxy resins based on bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin with reactive or not-reactive solvent. A particular rheological additive of organic nature is incorporated in the mixture in order to confer to the kneaded product with its catalyst, a particular "thixotropic" type rheology, that makes it possible its application also on vertical surfaces without spillages in the case of joints having width until 20mm and more if used as sealing product, and without let slipping the tiles if it is used as adhesive. In particular it refers to hydrogenated castor oil, as very thin powder that is dispersed under strong mixing in mixture phase with the binder (epoxy) and the colored inert filler. To achieve the rheological additive activation, it is essential to increase the mixing temperature until 37°C-45°C. Other types of thixotropic rheological additives, both in powder and liquid, can also be used in partial or total replacement of the hydrogenated castor oil, such as:

micronized amorphous silica or pyrogenic silica;

poly-hydrogen-carboxylate amide solution;

- modified urea solution;

bentonite;

polythene fibers long from 100 to 400 micron.

In order to improve the compound hydrophobic character and to improve the system wettability, a plasticizing/wetting particular is incorporated and is made of a not-reactive solvent, comprising di(propan-2-yl)naphthalene (Ci₆H₂o) isomer, or a product of glycols family specifically a propylene type polymer, on which the ethylene oxide chain is inserted. Both additives are not incorporated in the molecular system polymeric formation during the hardening, and maintain their monomolecular structure, unlike the reactive solvents that create interruptions in the epoxy lattice. Moreover, they favor the resin molecules and the hardening agent mobility, particularly at the beginning of the hardening, allowing the reactive groups to react each other faster.

The inert filler consists of spherical grains of quartzes silica having particle size that varying between 0,06mm and 0,5mm, having the specified intrinsic chemical-physical characteristics, which preliminarily has been treated by sintering and superficially covered by an aliphatic polyurethane paint-coating. Or by Albite grains having particle size varying between 0mm and 0,3mm, superficially covered by an aliphatic polyurethane paint-coating. Or by spherical grains of quartzes silica having particle size varying between about 0,06mm and 0,3mm covered by epoxy, or by colorless glass microspheres having varying between about 0,06mm and 0,3mm.

Moreover in the first component (part A), to reach the results of the invention it is necessary adding some well defined additives. Such additives make a list know in literature as UV-Adsorber and HALS, but no one has never valued the list that those produced make in symbiosis when are used in a predetermined use relation. Moreover, in order to maximize the white color ageing resistance, we have introduced in addition to the organic UV-Adsorber a well precise percentage of an inorganic UV-Adsorber having well defined chemical-physical characteristics.

The fundamental additives (UV-Adsorber and HALS) for the mixture object of the invention are in the following described.

UV-Adsorber: Ethyl 4-(((methylphenylamino)methylene)amino)benzoate (Cas N°: 57834-33-0) in concentration > 99%; in the use percentage of this UV-Adsorber in the compound from about 0,4 or 0,5% to about 1 % or 1 ,1 % in weight or approximately the same volume percentage.

HALS: Bis(1 ,2,2,6,6,-Pentamethyl-4-Piperodinyl)-Sebacate (Cas N°: 41556-26-7) in concentration 70-80% + Methyl 1 ,2,2,6, 6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl sebacate (Cas N°: 82919-37-7) in concentration 20-30%; in the use percentage of this HALS from about 0,9% or 1 % to about 3% or 3,1 % in weight or approximately the same volume percentage. Anyway because the over listed products work in the mixture and act synergic effect each other, the relation of use between the UV-Adsorber and HALS substances should be of about 1 :3 for the colored and about 1 :2 for the transparent.

Moreover to maximize the white color resistance it is introduced in the mixture a quantity of a inorganic UV-Adsorber, in the use percentage from about 0,5% to about 1 % in weight, thus going to change the synergy relation between the UV-Adsorber, HALS and inorganic UV-Adsorber substances as follows 1 :3:1 -1 :2:0,5.

The inorganic L'UV-Adsorber is titanium dioxide (Cas n°: 13463-67-7), to act as UV filter and not as pigment, the titanium grain experiences a surface treating using a technical sol-gel that encapsulates the same titanium grain. The product therefore will be made of: rutile titanium dioxide treated on the grain surface with zirconium- aluminum oxide (Al₂0₃-Zr0₂ organic), with minimum Ti0₂ content of 90%, pH between 7 and 8, with an average particle size varying between 100 and 250 nm.

The important characteristic, experimentally demonstrated, it is that the above listed HALS and UV-Adsorber components, used alone have very low performances, while used together make a synergic list allowing a mixture efficiency never previously achieved, this effect of the mixture according to the invention allows an improvement of the durability of the product LITOCHROM STARLIKE® of about 60 times.

The tests have been performed as follows:

Some applications have been made with layer having thickness of 3mm of the spacer material on approval, by deposition on a plane surface and without any affinity to the epoxy mortar, in order to ensure perfect detachment conditions, elapsed the time needed to the completion of the filming and grating processes grating of the resin (opening time). Then, the plates so obtained have been cut in rectangular form specimens, sizes 35x50mm. The samples prepared in this way have been left in dark condition for 7days, at controlled temperature of 23°C±2°C. Elapsed this ageing period, each specimen coloring has been quantified by a new generation portable spectrophotometer (Datacolor CHECK II Plus, URAI S.p.A., Assago-Milano) able to express the colorimetric measurements according to the three-dimensional coordinate axis CIE L^*a^*b^*. Afterwards, some cycles of artificial ageing have been carried out, using a machine able to simulate and speed up the natural degrading of the materials eventually exposed to the degradating and photo-degradating action of the atmospheric agents, in several environmental conditions.

For this purpose, the artificial ageing test machine Atlas Suntest XXL+ (URAI S.p.A., Assago-Milano) has been used, that allows, moreover, to adjust the radiating power UV-Vis of the samples in controlled conditions of relative humidity in the sample chamber. The ageing has been carried out setting cycles from 20hours exhibition with artificial light (50W/m²; chamber temperature 38°C and relative humidity 50%), alternate with 2hours conditioning at controlled temperature of 25°C±2°C, and relative humidity 50%. Bearing in mind that does not exists specific rules to evaluate this type epoxy dies stability, it has been considered opportune carrying out the choice of the working conditions in compliance with the law UNI EN ISO 1 1341 : 2004, conceived for the execution of varnishes and paints tests and ageing test. Now, in a good similar way, it is desirable the transitive property can be used, in other words that it is valid the transferability also to dies having similar composition, and subjected to similar degradating processes. At the end of each exhibition cycle, colorimetric measures on each specimen have been carried out, in order to evaluate the superficial chromatic variation due to the possible degrading induced by the machine. In particular, the coloring that appears for effect of the yellowing degradation of the white material, has been quantified considering only the value taken by the dimensional coordinate b^* (related to the yellow color, for positive values of the axis) of the system CIE L^*a^*b^*. The choice of this parameter finds ground in studies set on experimental observations and correlation methodologies DoE (Design of Experiments methodology) technical way, made within the extent of the project FOTOSTA. This parameter, in fact, produced the best results in terms of response linearity in the chromatic variation degree studies (white material yellowing) with respect to the radiated energy quantity on the same samples.

It has been decided, moreover, to establish a threshold limit b^* value that would allow to identify, in an objective way, possible samples that could have reached a yellowing degree such as the following study would not have produced interesting results by chromatic acceptability point of view. In other words, apart from the threshold b^* value fixed a priori, the degrading photo-oxidative processes assume this importance, insofar the "white" material is not anymore classified as this.

Vice-versa, the best experimental conditions that ensure photo-stability of the "white" material, are generally also to be found for low value of the b^*parameter.

This value has been fixed to 8 unit on the positive axis of the b^*axis, identified as value apart from that sample suffers chromatic tacking tending to yellow, already perceivable by the human eye and, as a result, material loss of the acceptability characteristics and aesthetic functionality. However, the best backing effects that can be observed by bare eye, for a specimen that present this b^*value, are obtained by direct comparison with a "white" surface reference.

These considerations underline the adequacy of the value chose as threshold, as soon as allows to quantify the superficial degrading processes advancing degree which the sample is subjected to, still allowing a discretionary margin of photo-stability, useful and necessary to ensure the "white" materials performances post-laying.

From the elaboration of the data recorded by the tinting machine after each ageing cycle, it is been possible obtain a chart (figure 1 ) that reports the course of the selected colorimetric coordinate (b^*), according to the radiated light energy quantity for surface unit (MJ/m²).

It is evident that the parameter in abscissa (MJ/m²) is directly correlated to the time variable, as the spectrophotometric measures have been made to predefined periods of radiating time with constant supplied power (20H^*50W/m²=3,6MJ/m²). The chart shows clearly the evolution of the samples chromatic tacking degree according to the radiated energy quantity on the same, and evidence a trend that suggests a direct relation between the two quoted variable (b^* vs. MJ/m²).

Moreover the chart allows to roughly calculating a limit value of radiated energy in correspondence of that the sample hasn't been subjected to photochemical stress in a significant way, if necessary associated to chromatic changing such to compromise the aesthetic functional properties of the same product.

We report in the following the test results:

The second component of the compound (part B) is represented by the hardening or catalyst, which in our invention is important to reduce the time effects (ageing) on the mortar because it also contributes, in co-sharing to the reaction together with the additives present in the part A, to create a greater resistance of the product. Moreover is fundamental to avoid the overgraining and bleaching phenomena of the epoxy system (carbonation phenomenon), in this case also experimentally demonstrated.

This effect is very deleterious for the epoxy products because carry out to a change of the color post-laying and cause the chemical-physical characteristics losing of the epoxy product.

This component has the purpose to react with the epoxy contained in the first component and therefore to polymerize it. The hardening to answer to over indicated characteristics (greater ageing resistance and carbonation resistance) consists of a poliamide-imidazolinc or modified amino-polyamide resin.

It will have to have a viscosity at 25°C between 400-4000cPs (determination by viscometer "Brookfield" Mod. RVT spindle SC4-21 ); amino number mg KOH/g between 350-550 (titration with HCI); Peq[H]] g/eq between 95-1 15 (equivalent hydrogen weight); phr g between 50-60 (use relation with 100gr of epoxy with EEW=190g/eq).

It will have to containing the following components:

1 ,8-Diamino-3,6-diazaoctane (CAS N°: 1 12-24-3) in concentration between 1 -4,5%

3,6,9-triazaundecamethylenediamine (CAS N°: 1 12-57-2) in concentration between 1 - 4,5%

In the following table are reported, as example, four possible base compositions, from I to IV, of the compound.

Typical compositions of the new compound

Epoxy binder (component A), Mixtures^*

rheological products and

additives I II III IV

Bisphenol A epoxy resin 5-25 5-25 5-25 5-25

Rheological additive based on

0,5-2 0,5-2 0,5-2 0,5-2 hydrogenated castor oil

Secondary rheological

0,1 -1 0,1 -1 0,1 -1 0,1 -1 additives

Plasticizing/wetting 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3

Sintered sand 0,0-0, 5mm 68-93,5 - - -

Albite 0,0-0, 3mm - 68-93,5 - -

Glass spheres 0,06-0, 3mm - - 68-93,5 -

Ceramic plated quartz 0,06-

- - - 68-93,5 0,3mm

UV Adsorber + HALS 0,5-1/1 ,25-3 0,5-1/1 ,25-3 1/2 0,5-1 ,25

Inorganic UV Adsorber 0,5-1 0,5-1 - -

Mixtures^**

Hardening (component B)

I II Ill IV poliamide-imidazolinc or

50-60 50-60 50-60 50-60 modified amino polyamide ^* percentages.

^** the proportion of the part B on the part A depends on the relation between the equivalent weight of the active hydrogen of the hardening and on the epoxy equivalent weight of the epoxy.

*^** parts in weight in proportion of 100 part of parts A.

Final characteristics of the hardened compound:

Always according to the epoxy nature of the compound, the final mechanical characteristics are those own by this materials type, namely:

high deflection and compression mechanical resistance;

very-high abrasion resistance;

chemical high resistance;

absorption almost null;

- very low withdrawal.

The compound is according to requirements specified by European rules EN 12004 "adhesive for tiles" and EN 13888 "sealing for tiles". In particular on the basis of the classifications defined by the rules, the compound is identified as:

R2T improved reactive adhesive up to null vertical sliding for ceramic tiles;

RG reactive sealing product for spacers between ceramic tiles.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION The characteristics of the invention are in the followed evidenced with particular reference to the joined drawings in which:

figure 1 shows a chart that reports the course of the selected colorimetric coordinate (b^*), according to the radiated light energy quantity for surface unit (MJ/m²);

- figure 2 shows a chart in which are shown, respectively in a continuous line and hatched line, the yellowing (L) of the titanium grey colored mortars of known type and object of the present invention according to the light power to which they have been subjected to;

figure 3 shows a chart where are represented respectively in a continuous line and hatched line the yellowing (L) of the translucent mortars of known type and object of the present invention according to the light power to which they have been subjected to;

figure 4 shows a chart of the white mortars yellowing (L) of known type and object of the present invention according to the light power to which they have been subjected to, where the chart referred to the mortars of known type is represented in a continuous line and the one related to the mortar of the invention is hatched;

figure 5 shows the course of the b^* parameter vs. radiated energy on the specimens (MJ/m²), relatively to the mortar object of the indicated present invention, in the chart, as absolute white, compared to two known mortars

(competition 1 and competition 2) made by third parties and representative of the prior art relating to the yellowing resistance.

The compound, that is the epoxy mortar, to apply a coating object of the present invention comprises at least an epoxy binder and a respective hardening in predetermined proportions, and comprises moreover at least a particulate solid product having sizes bigger then a predetermined minimum value, for example corresponding to the porosity and recesses sizes of the coating material, and intended to confer predetermined physical characteristics to the compound. The compound includes also a rheological product assigned to facilitate the coating application by the same compound at the fluid state.

The epoxy binder includes bisphenol A based epoxy resins and epichlorohydrin with reactive or not-reactive solvent. The hardening includes resins poliamide-imidazolinc and/or amino-polyamide resin, modified.

The particulate solid fraction consists of quartzes silica in grains, with particle sizes between about 0,06mm and about 0,5mm or of Albite, with particle size between about 0mm and about 0,3mm, or of colorless glass spheres with particle size between about 0,06mm and about 0,3mm. Moreover, in order to results suitable for the production of the mixture object of the invention, it must necessarily own the following characteristics: 1 ) chemical composition of the quartzes silica in grains (reference values obtained by chemical analysis techniques based on X-Ray fluorescence, XRF):

- Si0₂ > 99,00%

- Ti0₂ < 0,04% - Fe₂0₃ < 0,015%

- AI20₃ < 0,20%

- CaO < 0,023%

- P.F. 0,15%

mineralogical composition:

- Quartz 99,00%

- Other 1 ,00%

particle size distribution curve:

- < 0,315mm 100-70%

- < 0,212mm 60-20%

- < 0,160mm 15-4, 5%

- < 0,125mm 4-1 %

- < 0,100mm 0,5-0, 1 % The grains of particulate the solid fraction, having the above-mentioned characteristics must also be subjected to a sintering treatment and only after that they are superficially colored with aliphatic polyurethane varnishes or other not-soluble type in the compound at the fluid state.

1 ) chemical composition of the Albite in grains (reference values obtained by chemical analysis techniques based on X-Ray fluorescence, XRF):

- Albite ≥ 98,00%

- Si0₂ < 2%

- Fe₂0₃ < 0,015%

- Al₂0₃ < 0,20%

2) mineralogical composition:

- Albite 98,00%

- Other 2,00%

3) particle size distribution curve:

- < 0,315mm 100-90%

- < 0,212mm 90-40%

- < 0,160mm 55-35%

- < 0,125mm 30-15%

- < 0,100mm 15-5%

The grains of the particulate solid fraction, having the above-mentioned characteristics are superficially colored with aliphatic polyurethane varnishes or other not-soluble type in the compound at the fluid state.

1 ) chemical composition of the glass microspheres (reference values obtained by chemical analysis techniques based on X-Ray fluorescence, XRF):

- Si0₂ > 65%

- Fe₂0₃ < 0,015%

- Al₂0₃ < 2,0%

- MgO ≥ 2,5%

- CaO ≥ 8,0%

- Na₂0 ≥ 14,0%

- Other < 2,0%

2) particle size distribution curve:

- < 0,425mm 98-100%

- < 0,300mm 90-100%

- < 0,180mm 5-40%

- < 0,100mm 0-5%

The grains of the solid fraction in particulate, having the above-mentioned characteristics are inserted in the mixture in the same way to obtain a transparent effect.

3) chemical composition of the quartzes silica in grains (reference values obtained by chemical analysis techniques based on X-Ray fluorescence, XRF):

- Si0₂ ≥ 99,00%

- Ti0₂ < 0,04%

- Fe₂0₃ < 0,015%

- Al₂0₃ < 0,20%

- CaO < 0,023%

- P.F. 0,15%

4) mineralogical composition:

- Quartz 99,00%

- Other 1 ,00%

5) particle size distribution curve:

- < 0,315mm 100-70%

- < 0,212mm 60-20%

- < 0,160mm 15-4,5% - < 0,125mm 4-1 %

- < 0,100mm 0,5-0,1 %

The grains of the particulate solid fraction, having the above-mentioned characteristics must be subjected to a superficial coloring treatment with varnishes epoxy or other not- soluble type in the compound at the fluid state.

The rheological product is suitable to confer thixotropic characteristics to the compound at the fluid state and includes, for example, hydrogenated castor oil in very thin powder dispersed form in the binder and, besides or as an alternative, micronized amorphous silica, pyrogenic silica, a poly-hydrogen-carboxylate amide solution, a bentonite modified urea solution and/or fibers.

Such fibers of the rheological product are made of polythene and have average length between about 100 micron and about 400 micron.

The compound moreover includes a plasticizing/wetting product assigned to improve the hydrophobic character and the wettability of the compound. This plasticizing/wetting product includes a not-reactive solvent, made up of di(propan- 2-yl)naphthalene (Ci₆H₂o) isomer, or a product of the glycols family specifically a propylene type polymer, on which the ethylene oxide chain is inserted to. To increase the resistance of the hardened compound particularly with respect to the ultraviolet rays, it is provided the use in the laying product of suitable HALS components (Hindered Light amines Stabilizer) and organic and inorganic UV-Adsorber utilized in synergy, and in concentration such that their mixture does not exceed 2% in weight, calculated on the resin inserted in the final mixture.

A variant of the present invention provides that the compound can be made of partially or completely without the particulate solid fraction to obtain a coating applicable to example as a paint or an enamel. This compound variant is applicable to products such as floors, walls or building works in general, furniture elements and similar and also to natural elements, as rock, to cover them and/or color them like a paint or enamel.

A further variant of the present invention is conceived in such a way that the compound comprise a particulate solid fraction having great particle size, for example of the order of the tenth millimeter until one or more millimeters, made of resistant materials and/or having particular optical property, for example high reflectivity or refracting. This variant is applicable to products such as stairways, floors and discovered corridors, roadsides, swimming pools edges, bridges, passages and stairways of ships or boats in general, or for road markings such as pedestrian passages, centerline and similar, to carry out white elements, colored or transparent non-slip and/or anti-skid with eventually reflectors capabilities. In the followed, some test comparisons are reported between mortars of known type and mortars based on the present invention.

The following tables refer to a comparison of titanium grey colored mortars of known type and object of the invention. In these and in the following tables the parameters are used and the nomenclature supplied by the used apparatus. As known mortar has been used the mortar submitted before the invention because it is representative of one of the best-known solutions available to the yellowing due to UV rays.

Titanium grey colored known and object of the invention mortar comparison

Prior Art; Folder Name: COLORATI Cmk; Standard Name: Std_00003 tita std

Sample Name MJ/m² Creation Time CIE b

00 STD 0,00 09/02/201 1 5,1 1

Batch_00001 3,60 1 1/02/201 1 9,88

Batch_00002 7,20 14/02/201 1 1 1 ,55

Batch_00003 10,80 15/02/201 1 1 1 ,31

Batch_00004 14,40 16/02/201 1 12,06

Batch_00005 18,00 17/02/201 1 12,60

Batch_00006 21 ,60 18/02/201 1 13,20

Batch_00007 25,20 21/02/201 1 14,49

Batch_00008 28,80 22/02/201 1 13,91

Batch_00009 32,40 23/02/201 1 14,68

Batch_00010 36,00 24/02/201 1 15,00

Batch_0001 1 39,60 28/02/201 1 15,74

Batch_00012 43,20 01/03/201 1 15,91 Object of the invention; Folder Name: TITANIO CMK; Standard Name: Std 00008- titottRE

Sample Name MJ/m² Creation Time CIE b

00 STD 0,00 21/02/2011 11:03 4,99

Batch_00001 3,60 22/02/2011 11:18 4,56

Batch_00002 7,20 23/02/2011 11:39 4,82

Batch_00003 10,80 24/02/2011 11:44 5,36

Batch_00004 14,40 25/02/2011 12:05 5,17

Batch_00005 18,00 28/02/2011 11:32 5,59

Batch_00006 21,60 01/03/2011 11:45 5,88

Batch_00007 25,20 02/03/2011 12:27 5,8

Batch_00008 28,80 03/03/2011 11:56 5,99

Batch_00009 32,40 04/03/2011 11:51 5,88

Batch_00010 36,00 07/03/2011 11:27 6,42

Batch_00011 39,60 08/03/2011 11:14 6,29

Batch_00012 43,20 09/03/2011 11:53 6,42

In the chart of figure 2 there are shown respectively in a continuous line and hatched the yellowing (L) of the titanium grey colored mortars known and object of the present invention (to which refer the over quoted tables) according to the light power to which have been subjected to. In this figure 2 there are shown the data also belonging to the mortar object of the present invention exposed to higher powers than power submitted to the known mortar.

Translucent known and object of the invention mortar comparison

Prior Art; Folder Name: COLORATI Cmk; Standard Name: Std_00001 Cry std

Sample Name MJ/m² Creation Time CIE b

00 STD 0,00 09/02/2011 8,82

Batch_00001 3,60 11/02/2011 15,16

Batch_00002 7,20 14/02/2011 16,60

Batch_00003 10,80 15/02/2011 16,81

Batch_00004 14,40 16/02/2011 17,95

Batch_00005 18,00 17/02/2011 18,80

Batch_00006 21,60 18/02/2011 19,73 Batch_00007 25,20 21/02/201 1 22,20

Batch_00008 28,80 22/02/201 1 21 ,63

Batch_00009 32,40 23/02/201 1 22,30

Batch_00010 36,00 24/02/201 1 22,82

Batch_0001 1 39,60 28/02/201 1 23,85

Batch_00012 43,20 01/03/201 1 24,39

Mortar object of the present invention; Folder Name: TITANIO CMK; Standard Name:

Std_00010 cry otBR

Sample Name MJ/m² Creation Time CIE b

00 STD 0,0 01/03/201 1 9,79

Batch_00001 3,6 02/03/201 1 6,29

Batch_00002 7,2 03/03/201 1 5,77

Batch_00003 10,8 04/03/201 1 5,89

Batch_00004 14,4 07/03/201 1 5,93

Batch_00005 18,0 08/03/201 1 6,07

Batch_00006 21 ,6 09/03/201 1 6,29

Batch_00007 25,2 10/03/201 1 6,36

Batch_00008 28,8 1 1/03/201 1 6,37

Batch_00009 32,4 14/03/201 1 6,57

Batch_00010 36,0 15/03/201 1 6,65

Batch_0001 1 39,6 16/03/201 1 6,86

Batch_00012 43,2 18/03/201 1 6,67

In the chart of figure 3 there are shown respectively in a continuous line and hatched line the yellowing (L) of the translucent mortars known and object of the present invention (to which refer the over quoted tables) according to the light power to which have been subjected to. There are shown the data belonging to the yellowing of the mortar object of the present invention exposed to higher powers than power submitted to the known mortar.

White colored known and object of the invention mortar comparison

Prior art; Folder Name: Bianco prima ricerca; Standard Name: Std 00001 B. N.

Sample Name Creation Time MJ/m² CIE b 00 STD 06/06/2011 0,00 4,14

Batch_00001 07/06/2011 3,60 6,61

Batch_00002 08/06/2011 7,20 7,36

Batch_00003 09/06/2011 10,80 7,85

Batch_00004 10/06/2011 14,40 7,76

Batch_00005 13/06/2011 18,00 9,46

Batch_00006 14/06/2011 21,60 9,14

Batch_00007 15/06/2011 25,20 9,58

Batch_00008 16/06/2011 28,80 9,43

Batch_00009 17/06/2011 32,40 10,21

Batch_00010 20/06/2011 36,00 11,67

Batch_00011 22/06/2011 39,60 10,98

Batch_00012 23/06/2011 43,20 11,13

Batch_00013 24/06/2011 46,80 11,55

Batch_00014 27/06/2011 50,40 12,34

Batch_00015 29/06/2011 54,00 10,79

Batch_00016 30/06/2011 57,60 11,32

Batch_00017 01/07/2011 61,20 11,02

Batch_00018 04/07/2011 64,80 12,7

Batch_00019 05/07/2011 68,40 12,27

Batch_00020 06/07/2011 72,00 12,33

Batch_00021 07/07/2011 75,60 12,51

Batch_00022 08/07/2011 79,20 13,06

Batch_00023 11/07/2011 82,80 14,57

Batch_00024 12/07/2011 86,40 13,76

Batch_00025 13/07/2011 90,00 13,98

Batch_00026 14/07/2011 93,60 14,29

Batch_00027 15/07/2011 97,20 14,07

Batch_00028 18/07/2011 100,80 15,89

Batch_00029 19/07/2011 104,40 14,84

Batch_00030 20/07/2011 108,00 14,55

Batch_00031 21/07/2011 111,60 14,95

Batch_00032 22/07/2011 115,20 15,04

Batch_00033 26/07/2011 118,80 14,74

Batch_00034 27/07/2011 122,40 15,42 Batch_00035 28/07/201 1 126,00 15,32

Batch_00036 01/09/201 1 129,60 16,79

Batch_00037 02/09/201 1 133,20 16,13

Batch_00038 12/09/201 1 136,80 19,69

Batch_00039 16/09/201 1 140,40 16,97

Batch_00040 19/09/201 1 144,00 18,38

Batch_00041 20/09/201 1 147,60 16,96

Batch_00042 22/09/201 1 151 ,20 17,13

Batch_00043 26/09/201 1 154,80 18,05

Batch_00044 27/09/201 1 158,40 17,27

Batch_00045 28/09/201 1 162,00 17,06

Batch_00046 30/09/201 1 165,60 17,32

Batch_00047 03/10/201 1 169,20 18,53

Batch_00048 04/10/201 1 172,80 17,54

Batch_00049 05/10/201 1 176,40 17,25

Batch_00050 10/10/201 1 180,00 17,59

Batch_00051 1 1/10/201 1 183,60 17,01

Batch_00052 12/10/201 1 187,20 16,57

Batch_00053 13/10/201 1 190,80 17,21

Batch_00054 14/10/201 1 194,40 17,32

Batch_00055 17/10/201 1 198,00 17,84

Batch_00056 18/10/201 1 201 ,60 17,46

Mortar object of the present invention; Folder Name: bianco dopo ricerca; Standard

Name: Std 00001 B.A.

00 STD 03/03/201 1 0,00 4,47

Batch_00001 04/03/201 1 3,60 3,17

Batch_00002 07/03/201 1 7,20 3,67

Batch_00003 08/03/201 1 10,80 2,87

Batch_00004 09/03/201 1 14,40 3,15

Batch_00005 10/03/201 1 18,00 3,27

Batch_00006 1 1/03/201 1 21 ,60 3,32

Batch_00007 14/03/201 1 25,20 4,16

Batch_00008 15/03/201 1 28,80 3,77

Batch_00009 16/03/201 1 32,40 4,12 Batch_00010 18/03/201 1 36,00 4,48

Batch_0001 1 21/03/201 1 39,60 4,58

Batch_00012 22/03/201 1 43,20 4,34

Batch_00013 23/03/201 1 46,80 4,6

Batch_00014 24/03/201 1 50,40 4,48

Batch_00015 25/03/201 1 54,00 4,48

Batch_00016 28/03/201 1 57,60 5,57

Batch_00017 29/03/201 1 61 ,20 4,65

Batch_00018 30/03/201 1 64,80 5,02

Batch_00019 31/03/201 1 68,40 5,28

Batch_00020 01/04/201 1 72,00 5,47

Batch_00021 04/04/201 1 75,60 5,69

Batch_00022 05/04/201 1 79,20 5,89

Batch_00023 06/04/201 1 82,80 5,55

Batch_00024 07/04/201 1 86,40 5,98

Batch_00025 08/04/201 1 90,00 6,09

Batch_00026 1 1/04/201 1 93,60 6,71

Batch_00027 12/04/201 1 97,20 6,02

Batch_00028 13/04/201 1 100,80 6,02

Batch_00029 20/04/201 1 104,40 6,49

Batch_00030 22/04/201 1 108,00 6,86

Batch_00031 26/04/201 1 1 1 1 ,60 7,55

Batch_00032 27/04/201 1 1 15,20 7,3

Batch_00033 29/04/201 1 1 18,80 7,26

Batch_00034 02/05/201 1 122,40 7,41

Batch_00035 03/05/201 1 126,00 7,54

Batch_00036 04/05/201 1 129,60 5,42

Batch_00037 05/05/201 1 133,20 5,55

Batch_00038 06/05/201 1 136,80 5,6

Batch_00039 09/05/201 1 140,40 6,29

Batch_00040 10/05/201 1 144,00 5,99

Batch_00041 12/05/201 1 147,60 6,46

Batch_00042 13/05/201 1 151 ,20 6,14

Batch_00043 16/05/201 1 154,80 7,32

Batch_00044 17/05/201 1 158,40 6,66 Batch_00045 18/05/201 1 162,00 6,68

Batch_00046 19/05/201 1 165,60 6,91

Batch_00047 20/05/201 1 169,20 7,03

Batch_00048 23/05/201 1 172,80 7,35

Batch_00049 24/05/201 1 176,40 7,51

Batch_00050 25/05/201 1 180,00 7,37

Batch_00051 26/05/201 1 183,60 7,68

Batch_00052 27/05/201 1 187,20 7,44

Batch_00053 30/05/201 1 190,80 7,25

Batch_00054 31/05/201 1 194,40 7,35

Batch_00055 01/06/201 1 198,00 7,21

Batch_00056 03/06/201 1 201 ,60 6,92

Batch_00057 06/06/201 1 204,20 7,2

Batch_00058 07/06/201 1 207,1 1 7,51

Batch_00059 08/06/201 1 210,05 7,88

Batch_00060 09/06/201 1 214,22 8,22

Batch_00061 10/06/201 1 216,85 7,94

Batch_00062 13/06/201 1 218,95 8,12

In the chart of figure 4 there are shown respectively in a continuous line and hatched line the yellowing (L) of the white mortars known and object of the present invention (to which refer the over quoted tables) according to the light power to which they have been subjected to.

Moreover experimental tests have been carried out in order to compare the yellowing of the object mortar of the present invention (absolute white) with two mortars known (competitor 1 and competitor 2) utilized as reference terms.

Such comparisons test have been conducted according to the following modalities that supplied the results shown in figure 5.

Some applications have been made with layer of thickness 3mm of the spacer material on approval, by deposition on a plane surface and without affinity with the epoxy mortar, in order to ensure perfect detachment conditions, elapsed the time needed to the end of the filming and cross linking processes of the resin (opening time). Then, the plates so obtained have been cut in rectangular form specimens, sizes 35x50mm. The samples prepared in this way have been left in dark condition for 7days, at controlled temperature 23°C±2°C.

After this ageing period, each specimen coloring has been quantified by a new generation portable spectrophotometer (Datacolor CHECK II Plus, URAI S.p.A., Assago-Milano) able to express the colorimetric measurements according to the three- dimensional coordinate axis CIE L^*a^*b^*.

Afterwards, some artificial ageing cycles have been carried out, using a machine able to simulate and speed up the materials natural degrading, if necessary exposed to the degradating and photo-degrading action due to the atmospheric agents and the electromagnetic radiations, in different environmental conditions.

For this purpose, the artificial ageing test machine Atlas Suntest XXL+ (URAI S.p.A., Assago-Milano) has been used, that allows, moreover, to adjust the radiating power UV-Vis of the samples in controlled conditions of relative humidity in the test chamber. The ageing has been achieved setting up 20hours exposure cycles using artificial light (50 W/m²; chamber temperature 38°C and relative humidity 50%), alternate with conditioning 2hours at controlled temperature 25°C±2°C, and relative humidity 50%.

Bearing in mind that doesn't exists any specific rules to evaluate the stability of this type epoxy dies, it has been considered opportune to carry out the choice of working conditions in compliance with the rule UNI EN ISO 1 1341 : 2004, conceived for the execution of tests and ageing test of varnishes and paints.

Now, with good approximation, it is desirable that can be used the transitive property, or both that is valid the transferability also to composition similar dies, and subjected to similar degrading processes.

At the end of each exhibition cycle, colorimetric measures on each specimen have been carried out, in order to evaluate the superficial chromatic variation caused by the possible degrading induced by the machine. In particular, the coloring that appears by degrading yellowing effect of the white material, has been quantified considering only the value taken by the dimensional coordinate b^* (related to the yellow color, for positive values of the axis) of the system CIE L^*a^*b^*.

The choice of this parameter finds ground in studies set on experimental observations and correlation methodologies by DoE (Design of Experiments methodology) technical way, made within the present invention.

This parameter, in fact, it has produced the best results in terms of response linearity in the chromatic variation degree studies (yellowing of white material) with respect to the radiated energy quantity on the same samples. It has been decided, moreover, to establish a threshold limit b^* value that would allow to identify, in an objective way, possible samples that they could have reached a yellowing degree such as the following study would not have produced interesting results by the point of view of the chromatic acceptability. In other words, apart from fixed a priori threshold b^* value, the photo-oxidative degrading processes assume this importance, insofar the "white" material is not anymore classified as it is.

Vice-versa, the best experimental conditions that ensure photo-stability of the "white" material, are generally also to be found by low value of b^* parameter.

This value has been fixed to 8 unit on the positive axis of b^* axis, identified as value apart from that the sample suffers chromatic tacking tending to yellow, already perceivable by human eye and, as a result, loss of the acceptability characteristics and aesthetic functionality of the material.

However, the best backing effects observed by bare eye, for a specimen that present this b^* value, are obtained by direct comparison with a "white" reference surface. These considerations underline the adequacy of the value chose as threshold, as soon as allows to quantify the advancing degree of the superficial degradating processes which the sample is subjected to, still allowing a discretionary margin about photo- stability, useful and necessary to ensure "white" materials performances after laying. From the elaboration of the data recorded by the tinting machine after each ageing cyclic, it is been possible to obtain a chart (figure 1 ) that reports the course of the selected colorimetric coordinate (b^*), according to the radiated light energy quantity for surface unit (MJ/m²). Figure 5 shows the evolution of the parameter b^* vs. radiated energy on the specimens (MJ/m²), relatively to the formulation of the mortar object of the present invention, indicated in the chart, as absolute white, compared with two known mortars (competitor 1 and competitor 2) made by third parties and representative of the prior art relative to the yellowing resistance.

It is evident that the parameter in abscissa (MJ/m²) is directly correlated to the time variable, as the spectrophotometric measures have been made at predefined radiating time periods with constant supplied power (20H^«50W/m²=3,6 MJ/m²). The chart shows clearly the evolution of the samples chromatic tacking degree according to the radiated energy quantity on the same, and evidence a trend that suggests a direct relation between the two quoted variable (b^* vs. MJ/m²).

Moreover the chart allows to roughly calculate a limit value of radiated energy in correspondence of that the sample hasn't been subjected to photochemical stress in a significant way, if necessary associated to chromatic changing such to compromise the aesthetic functional properties of the same product.

As evidenced by the result of the over quoted comparative tests, the mortar object of the present invention has shown excellent characteristics in terms of superficial yellowing process resistance induced by the oxidation and photo-degradating processes generated by the light radiations.

The known samples a limit have reached of undesired chromatic tacking already appreciable by a visual inspection, after having been photo-light exhibited for an equivalent time necessary for a radiating equal to about 230MJ/m² of radiating energy (1300 machine hours).

These test evidences allow to establish that the mortar formulation object of the claim 1 of the invention resolves the technical problem consisting in avoiding and/or retarding the yellowing and deterioration process of the mortar due to the photo-oxidizing processes induced by environmental factors, or in equivalent form a total improvement of the product performances of about 50 times with respect to the prior products. An advantage of the present invention, in particular of the combination of characteristics of claim 1 , is to supply an epoxy bi-component mortar for laying and sealing ceramic and coating materials, both of innovative and traditional type, for interiors and external and to solve the technical problem to reduce or eliminate the yellowing and/or the chromatic decay due to UV radiation and that raps in considerable measure the known mortars for example from the document WO 2008/012641 .

Another advantage of the present invention is to supply compound having "white" or colored permanent characteristics also for poses on work under light, thermal, and different weather stress conditions to apply a coating, able to fix tiles, card, plates and similar to a wall, a floor, or a support in general, and that can act as stucco for spacers or fissures between the tiles of the coating. Moreover to supply compound having "white" or colored permanent characteristics also for poses on work under light, thermal, and different weather stress conditions to apply a coating, able to fix tiles, card, plates to similar to a wall, a floor, or a support in general, and that can act as stucco for spacers or for fissures between the tiles of the coating. Moreover to supply compound having "white" or colored permanent characteristics also for poses on work under light, thermal, and different weather stress conditions to apply a coating, able to fix tiles, cards, plates and similar to a wall, a floor, a support in general, and that can act as stucco for spacers or for fissures between the tiles of the coating.

Further advantage is to supply compound having "white" or colored permanent characteristics also for poses on work under light, thermal, and different weather stress conditions almost spillages free, that blocks immediately the coating also in vertical applications. Further advantage is to supply compound having "white" and colored permanent characteristics also for poses on work under light, thermal, and different weather stress conditions that, following a simple cleaning that does not damage the spacer filling up, do not leaves visible residues on the face in view of the coating and in particular that do not leaves halos and color alterations of the coating.

Further advantage is to supply compound having "white" and colored permanent characteristics also for poses on work under light, thermal, and different weather stress conditions able to fix and fill up layers in a stable way, also water proof and wear proof also in external and internal averse environmental conditions.

Other advantage of the present invention consists in supplying a compound that in its formulation without particulate solid fraction is applicable to products such as floors, walls or building works in general, furniture elements and similar to cover them and/or color them like a paint or enamel.

Further advantage of the present invention consists in supplying a compound that in its formulation with solid fraction in particulate having high particle size, for example of the order of the tenth of millimeter until one or more millimeters, both applicable to products such as stairways, floors and open air corridors, roadsides, swimming pools edges; bridges, passages and stairways of ships or boats in general, road markings such as pedestrian passages, centerline lines and similar, to carry out white, colored or transparent, anti-slip and/or anti-skid elements. Is meant that the above has been described as a non-limitative example, therefore possible constructive variants are meant as part of the protective field of the present invention in the followed claimed.

Claims

Compound for applying a coating comprising at least an epoxy binder and a respective hardener in predetermined proportions characterized in comprising light stabilizers additives including components UV-Adsorbers and HALS (Hindered Amine Light Stabilizer), where the components UV-Adsorbers and HALS are respectively Ethyl 4-(((methylphenylamino)methylene)amino)benzoate, of content > 99% , in use percentage between about 0,5% and 1 % and a Bis(1 ,2,2,6,6,-Pentamethyl-4-Piperodinyl)-Sebacate, of content between 70% and 80% + Methyl 1 ,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl sebacate of content between 20% and 30% in use percentage from about 1 % to 3%.

Compound according to claim 1 characterized in that the use relationship between the molecules is about 1 :3 for the colorant and about 1 :2 for the transparent.

Compound according to claim 1 characterized in containing an inorganic UV- Adsorber in use percentage from about 0,5% to about 1 %.

Compound according to claim 3 characterized in that the inorganic UV-Adsorber is titanium dioxide.

Compound according to any of the previous claims characterized in comprising a solid fraction of particles comprising at least one of: silica quartz grain, with particle sizes between about 0,06mm and 0,5mm, Albite, with particle size between about 0mm and 0,3mm, colorless glass spheres with a particle size between about 0,06mm and 0,3mm.

6) Compound according to claim 5 characterized in containing quartz silica grain having the following chemical composition characteristics (reference values obtained by chemical analysis techniques based on X-Ray fluorescence, XRF):

- Si0₂ > 99,00%

- Ti0₂ < 0,04%

- Fe₂0₃ < 0,015%

- Al₂0₃ < 0,20% - CaO < 0,023%

- P.F. 0,15%

mineralogical composition:

- Quartz 99,00%

- Others 1 ,00%

particle size distribution curve

- < 0,315mm 100-70%

- < 0,212mm 60-20%

- < 0,160mm 15-4,5%

- < 0,125mm 4-1 %

- < 0,100mm 0,5-0,1 %

Compound according to claim 5 characterized in containing Albite grain with the following chemical composition characteristics (reference values obtained by chemical analysis techniques based on X-Ray fluorescence, XRF):

- Albite ≥ 98,00%

- Si0₂ < 2%

- Fe₂0₃ < 0,015%

- Al₂0₃ < 0,20%

mineralogical composition:

- Albite 98,00%

- Others 2,00%

particle size distribution curve

- < 0,315mm 100-90%

- < 0,212mm 90-40%

- < 0,160mm 55-35%

- < 0,125mm 30-15%

- < 0,100mm 15-5%

Compound according to claim 5 characterized in containing glass microspheres having the following chemical composition characteristics (reference values obtained by chemical analysis techniques based on X-Ray fluorescence, XRF):

- Si0₂ > 65%

- Fe₂0₃ < 0,015%

- Al₂0₃ < 2,0% - MgO ≥ 2,5%

- CaO ≥ 8,0%

- Na₂0 ≥ 14,0%

- Others < 2,0% particle size distribution curve

- < 0,425mm 98-100%

- < 0,300mm 90-100%

- < 0,180mm 5-40%

- < 0,100mm 0-5%