WO2012167615A1 - 一种阳台种植装置和组件 - Google Patents

一种阳台种植装置和组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012167615A1
WO2012167615A1 PCT/CN2012/000781 CN2012000781W WO2012167615A1 WO 2012167615 A1 WO2012167615 A1 WO 2012167615A1 CN 2012000781 W CN2012000781 W CN 2012000781W WO 2012167615 A1 WO2012167615 A1 WO 2012167615A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
tube
planting
container
siphon
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/000781
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨卫星
Original Assignee
Yang Weixing
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yang Weixing filed Critical Yang Weixing
Publication of WO2012167615A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012167615A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/022Pots for vertical horticulture
    • A01G9/023Multi-tiered planters

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to a plant cultivation technology, in particular to the technical field of three-dimensional soilless cultivation, in particular to a balcony planting device and a component, comprising a hydroponic container, a water level adjusting device and a water level adjusting method supporting a plurality of irrigation modes,
  • a plant cultivation technology in particular to the technical field of three-dimensional soilless cultivation, in particular to a balcony planting device and a component, comprising a hydroponic container, a water level adjusting device and a water level adjusting method supporting a plurality of irrigation modes
  • a plant planting technology in particular to a balcony planting device and a component, comprising a hydroponic container, a water level adjusting device and a water level adjusting method supporting a plurality of irrigation modes.
  • Balcony flowers and vegetables have the following objective conditions or requirements:
  • the sunlight on most balconies is side-lit; planting flowers, growing sprouts, and growing vegetables, if three kinds of simultaneous species, the learning threshold is high, the management is inconvenient; in the case of hydroponics, the variety of vegetables is different, the roots are also Not the same, resulting in different depths of draft; vegetables in different growing seasons, the depth of the draught of the roots is not the same, so the water level of the hydroponic container needs to be adjusted;
  • the balcony space is small, the growers hope to flexibly adjust the acupuncture points, which can make full use of the space and grow more vegetables; the balcony growers plant a variety of vegetables, different varieties of vegetables are of different heights, need to be able to adjust the height of the device; Growers are generally non-professionals, have a learning process, and are lazy at the same time. In the planting process, it is hoped that the layer height adjustment can be conveniently adjusted, and daily care is also required.
  • the current balcony is planted in three dimensions, which is divided into three-dimensional planting of multi-column shelves and three-dimensional planting of single-column shelves.
  • the planting surface has a pipe type and a container (large groove) type.
  • the pipeline type is to open holes in the pipeline.
  • the characteristics of the planting holes are relatively large, the planting amount is relatively small, and only one planting method is supported.
  • the container (large trough) type has a large planting surface. Because it is used for industrial production, it is not necessary to plant a variety of plants in one container at the same time. The planting plant is single, resulting in a fixed water level, which does not need to be adjusted at any time. The reason is that the circulating water volume is large, single-layer production, and the tidal irrigation system does not use siphon or solenoid valve to change the water level, but directly draws with the water pump; for the multi-layer case, in order to reduce the working intensity, the interval between the planting holes is large, the layer Because of the industrial production, the amount of circulating water is large. Therefore, the method for recovering the overflow water is transported to the next layer of hydroponic container or recovery container through a closed conduit.
  • the coupling between the components of the system is too high, and the adjustment is not Convenient, that is, the shelf column and the partition are completely fixed, and the number of layers can not be increased after installation, and it is not convenient to adjust the layer height; seedling and planting production are performed separately.
  • the utility model provides an open balcony planting device and component for the defects or deficiencies in the prior art, that is, providing a planting device unit supporting a plurality of irrigation modes, realizing the openness of the planting platform, and facilitating different varieties of vegetables and flowers.
  • the general technical idea of the utility model is:
  • the balcony planting device is divided into two major parts, namely an open planting device frame that supports multiple irrigation methods and a variety of planting methods supported by the frame.
  • Planting equipment frame includes one or more planting unit, recycling container (15), shelf, overflow water recovery method, up and down circulation structure, intelligent control system, power system (pump system);
  • Planting device unit (hydroponics container and manufacturing method supporting multiple irrigation methods) includes basin body, water level adjusting device and water level adjusting method (including static adjusting method and dynamic adjusting method), automatic cleaning device for moss and larvae in water; power system ( The pump system) includes a water pump, a water supply pipe, a solar power supply or a mains transformer; the intelligent control system includes an intelligent control module (20) and a sensor.
  • a variety of irrigation methods include tidal irrigation, drip irrigation, spray; a variety of planting methods supported on the frame include grid racks, height-adjustable tripods, nutrient bowls, footed flat bottom seedling trays, flat bottom seedling trays, square nutrition Slices, common flower pots, adjustable baskets with adjustable inner and outer diameters, etc.;
  • a relatively complete set of balcony planting equipment is formed using the planting device frame and the various planting methods supported on the frame, and a set of solutions and related equipment manufacturing methods are formed.
  • the beneficial bacteria and beneficial bacteria can be added to the circulating water, that is, the beneficial bacteria in the matrix can be added, and the plastic balls of the beneficial bacteria can be added in the water.
  • a thorough sterilization method can also be used, and an ozone generator can be added to the circulation system.
  • an ozone generator can be added to the circulation system.
  • the basin is the hydroponic container, which is a large opening or a basin-shaped opening, and the opening shape may be square, or rectangular, or circular, or fan-shaped, or polygonal, or tube-cut type, or multi-hole type.
  • Water level adjusting device is the hydroponic container, which is a large opening or a basin-shaped opening, and the opening shape may be square, or rectangular, or circular, or fan-shaped, or polygonal, or tube-cut type, or multi-hole type.
  • Water level adjusting device water level static adjusting method and water level dynamic adjusting method device
  • the water level adjustment device includes a water level control conduit (3), a fine adjustment conduit or a conduit with a siphon, or a solenoid valve at the lower end of the "water level control conduit or / and fine adjustment conduit";
  • the water level control conduit (3) is installed at the bottom of the hydroponic container (pot type), opening a hole in the bottom of the hydroponic container, and installing a water level control pipe in the hole, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the outer wall of the catheter
  • the inner wall of the opening forms a sealing structure to form an overflow port of water in the basin.
  • the upper portion of the water level control conduit can be level with the inner bottom surface of the hydroponic container, and the water level can be adjusted by adjusting the water level; (3) It can also be installed outside the ordinary hydroponic container, mode 4, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, opening both the side of the hydroponic vessel and adding a water level control conduit (3), water level control conduit (3) and The hydroponics container wall (1) at the opening is superposed to form a superimposed wall, which also forms a water overflow in the basin.
  • a series of holes can be added at the overlapping wall (9) The hole can be close to the inner bottom surface of the hydroponic container, and the water level can be adjusted by fine-tuning the catheter.
  • a fine-tuning tube (silicone tube or pleated tube or tube + silicone ring) to the inner wall of the water level control tube (3), and slide the sleeved fine-tuning tube up and down to change the vertical height of the water overflow.
  • the sleeved fine-tuning tube is a wrinkled tube (such as the outlet pipe of a washing machine) or a silicone tube.
  • the diameter of the pleated tube or silicone tube has a contraction and expansion characteristic, which facilitates fine-tuning the catheter at the water level control tube (3). Slide the wall up and down while maintaining airtightness.
  • a catheter that produces tidal action including a catheter (fine-tuning catheter) and a siphon, characterized by: circulating water Flow, add an inverted J-shaped siphon in the conduit, the siphon can be bent, the highest position of the siphon is lower than the overflow level of the conduit (fine adjustment conduit), the upper tube wall has a circular groove or hole, the siphon is stuck or Insert into a circular groove or hole; or combine the conduit and the siphon into a tidal tube, directly on the inner wall of the water level control conduit (3), add a filter head to the tube head of the tidal tube; or place the conduit and siphon Separately installed; the conduit can be a water level control conduit, or a fine adjustment conduit, or a diversion chute or a diversion chute.
  • Solenoid valve (electric valve) installed at the lower end of the "water level control conduit or / and fine adjustment conduit"
  • a solenoid valve is installed at the lower end of the "water level control conduit or / and fine adjustment conduit" and is controlled by a control circuit or a water level sensor.
  • Water level adjustment method adjustment principle of water level adjustment device: The static adjustment method for water level is provided for plant water supply, and the dynamic adjustment method of water level is provided to achieve the best balance between root respiration, water and nutrients.
  • the static adjustment method of the water level is:
  • the fine-tuning conduit (5) is then sleeved on the water level control conduit (3), and the fine-tuning conduit is slid up and down on the wall of the water level control conduit (3) to change the vertical height of the water overflow, and the trimmed fine-tuning conduit can also be changed.
  • the length achieves further adjustment of the water level, as shown in Figures 1 and 2; the dynamic adjustment method of the water level is:
  • the highest point of the "inverted J-shaped" siphon is the “dynamic maximum water level”.
  • the height between the “inverted J-shaped” siphon tube head and the bottom of the container in the container is the “dynamic minimum water level", and the height difference between them is “tidal”. Height";
  • the height of the "inverted J” siphon head in the container can also be adjusted to further adjust the "dynamic minimum water level”. specific methods:
  • a method for generating tidal action comprising a catheter (water level control catheter or/and a fine adjustment catheter) and an inverted J-shaped siphon, characterized in that: a siphon is added to the inner wall of the catheter, and the catheter is vertically oriented, and its partial view is as shown in the figure. 18, a slot or hole is formed in the upper tube wall of the catheter, and a siphon tube is inserted or inserted into the slot or hole. A part of the siphon tube is close to the inner wall of the camp, the head is outside the basin, and the other part of the siphon is close to the duct.
  • the outer wall, the head is in the basin, when the water overflows through the pipe, the liquid level will be higher than the siphon, naturally triggering the siphon effect, and the circulating water flow will form a tidal action;
  • the siphon pipe is closely attached to the pipe wall
  • the siphon tube is integrated with the wall of the catheter tube, and the wall of the catheter tube close to the siphon tube faces downward.
  • the liquid level will be higher than the siphon tube, naturally triggering the siphon effect, and the circulating water flow will form a tidal action;
  • the advantage of adding a siphon is the double tube diversion. After the siphon is blocked, the device can continue to operate, and the water does not flow from the basin. Overflow; a large filter cover can be added to the periphery of the water level control catheter.
  • the conduit can be a water level control conduit, or a fine-tuning conduit, or a diversion trough or a diversion trough, the diversion trough being equivalent to the inner wall of the conduit; the fine-tuning conduit and the siphon can be combined into a tidal tube that is directly nested in the water level control conduit ( 3)
  • a filter head or filter mesh or spring as a filter
  • the inner wall slides up and down to achieve static adjustment of the water level, and the siphon realizes the dynamic adjustment of the water level; or the duct and the siphon tube are separately installed, and the water level is dynamically adjusted by the siphon tube, and the tube can continue to operate after the siphon tube is blocked.
  • a method for generating tidal action installing an electromagnetic wide at the lower end of the "water level control duct or / and fine-tuning duct", or installing a solenoid valve at the bottom opening of the hydroponic container, as shown in Figs. 19 and 20, the electromagnetic wide is normally closed.
  • the solenoid valve is delayed to open, which causes the water level in the hydroponic container to rise first and then decrease, and the tidal action is realized by using the time difference.
  • the opening and closing are delayed from the uppermost layer to the lowermost layer in sequence; or And adding a water level sensor (water level switch) in the hydroponic container, when the water level reaches the height set by the water level sensor (water level switch), the trigger solenoid valve is opened, and the time delay is automatically turned off after a delay, and the tide action is also achieved; And add a water level control conduit or / and fine-tuning conduit on the side of the solenoid valve to achieve double-tube diversion.
  • the increased water level control conduit or / and fine-tuning conduit can divert overflow water to prevent electromagnetic Wide (electric valve) failure caused by the problem.
  • the transverse rib does not penetrate from left to right, that is, the first transverse rib is connected from the left to the right along the bottom of the basin
  • the second transverse ribs are connected from the right to the left, not through, alternately repeated, and the horizontal ribs are surrounded by channels such as continuous "Z-shaped" channels or slots, as shown in Figure 5.
  • the principle is like the fence of the entrance of the railway station during the Spring Festival.
  • the "fence-type” channel fills the bottom of the container and can be made into overlapping "Z-shaped” or “U-shaped” or “circumferential” or “UZ combined”. "Channels, there is no dead angle in the water cycle, and the flow direction and water flow width of the water are restrained, and the kinetic energy of the water flowing per unit area in the channel is increased, and the impurities in the water flow along the channel to the lower hydroponic container, and the upper hydroponic container overflows. After the water reaches the lower hydroponic container, it will circulate along the "fence-type” channel, and then overflow from the overflow port until it is collected into the recycling container.
  • the cleaning work is automatically completed in the cycle, while preventing the breeding of mosquitoes and the accumulation of moss, in order to improve
  • the ability to carry impurities can also make the bottom of the channel concave, triangular tip or curved bottom; in order to increase the flow rate, it can also increase the height difference of the bottom of the channel.
  • the hydroponic container supporting a plurality of irrigation methods may be referred to as a hydroponic container;
  • the water level adjusting device is a device containing a water level static adjusting method and a water level dynamic adjusting method;
  • the hydroponic container containing the water level adjusting device is a planting device unit, or an adjustable water level Hydroponics container;
  • hydroponics container and adjustable water level hydroponic container referred to as container or basin.
  • Hydroponics container (planting unit) supports a variety of irrigation methods
  • the water level control conduit is used to support the static water level adjustment method, that is, the fine adjustment duct is added to the water level control duct, and the fine adjustment duct is slid up and down on the wall of the water level control duct (3), thereby changing the vertical height of the water overflow, and adjusting
  • the water level supports the relatively static water level adjustment;
  • the tidal mode is supported by a tidal-producing duct, ie the siphon or siphon function is added to the water level control duct or/and the fine-tuning guide, as shown 18, to achieve the support of the tide mode, or install the solenoid valve at the lower end of the water level control conduit (3), as shown in Figure 19, 20, through the solenoid valve's start timing or water level sensor control solenoid valve opening, forming a tide effect, to achieve support for tides the way;
  • Hydroponics containers that support multiple irrigation methods not only support drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, but also do better, that is, using hydroponics container + water level control conduit to collect and constrain the characteristics of overflow water, can effectively prevent excess water from dripping and sprinkling to overflow ground. Recycling device for overflowing water: In order to facilitate the removal of the hydroponic container and the installation of the hydroponic container under working conditions, there is no need for a fixed conduit connection between the upper hydroponic container and the lower hydroponic container. In this context, the upper hydroponic container and the lower hydroponic container are placed.
  • the splash water or the guide rope is used to guide the overflow water from the upper water level control conduit (3) to the lower hydroponics container to realize the pipeline-free overflow water recovery; Finally, the lowermost hydroponic container The overflowed water naturally flows into the recovery container (15).
  • the card slot has a small protruding protrusion on the card slot, and the circumference of the hydroponic container is long to support the length of the column segment as a width (or a plurality of support columns)
  • the length of the segment cut a rectangular plastic film with a hole in the corresponding hook or card slot, and then hang the plastic film on the basin edge to form a small greenhouse; replace the plastic film with an opaque cloth , it becomes a dark room for sprouts; at the same time, the card slot can also fix water pipes or wires.
  • a separate container may be used as the recovery container, or the hole in the hydroponic container may be blocked, and the hydroponic container that blocks the hole is used as the recovery container (15).
  • the balcony growers are characterized by white-collar women.
  • a simplified shelf is specially designed; as shown in Figures 5, 6, 15, and 16, the hydroponic container with adjustable water level is The partition and the partition are integrated into one body, and the upward and downward pipe grooves are added on the sides of the hydroponics container (four corners), and then the support column is turned into a support column section (divided into a plurality of sections), and the support column section is used.
  • the advantage is that the shelf only has a support column section, the volume is reduced, the weight is light, and the transportation is convenient, and the disadvantage is that only The uppermost layer realizes the addition and the reduction of the layer. To this end, the gap between the lower end of the support column and the pipe groove of the water level container is increased, so that the layer can be freely added and reduced.
  • the intelligent control module (20) also contains sensors that can pump water at regular intervals, that is, control the pump to work for a period of time to rest, reduce energy consumption, and combine the dynamic adjustment method of the water level to optimize the tidal water supply. It is also possible to control the water pump or solenoid valve or alarm or control the fill light system according to the signal of the sensor, such as pumping water when the dissolved oxygen is insufficient, such as when the pH value is off, such as controlling the fill light intensity according to the light sensor.
  • a fill light hanging bracket and a mounting hole at the bottom of the hydroponic container with adjustable water level that is, when the hydroponic container is formed once, a plurality of protrusions with holes are added at the outer bottom portion, respectively Close to the bottom of the bottom; the protrusions are in the form of a sheet with holes on them.
  • the fill light is inserted into the hole of the hook bracket respectively.
  • the advantage is that the basin is integrated with the lamp holder, and the manufacturing cost is low. , the installation is more convenient. (There is no intelligent control module when there is no power running.)
  • Powered operation including water pump, water supply pipe and power supply.
  • the water pump (16) pumps water from the recovery container (15) to the uppermost hydroponic container (23). In order to be completely green, it is powered by solar energy.
  • a small-power diaphragm pump is used to pump water.
  • the low-power diaphragm pump is installed on the basin edge of the hydroponic container or on the basin edge of the recovery container (cannot be placed in the water, packaged into a submersible pump) can). Of course, it is also possible to use a residential electric drive submersible pump.
  • the water level can be adjusted by the hydroponic container with adjustable water level. It is also possible to adjust the positional relationship between the plant and the water level by lifting the grid frame.
  • An adjustable vertical height grid frame as shown in FIG. 10, includes a horizontal grid frame, a bolt and a nut structure, and is characterized in that: a nut or nut structure is spliced or snapped on the four peripheral edges of the grid frame, and then Insert the bolt into the bolt or bolt structure. Align the bolt with the groove on the edge of the hydroponic container or the bottom of the hydroponic container. Lift or lower the bolt to raise and lower the grid.
  • a tripod can be used to obtain the acupuncture points, as shown in Fig. 17, and then the planting frame is placed on the acupuncture points formed by the tripod; in order to adjust the height of the tripod, holes can be added to the sole of the tripod.
  • a toothpick or a tag can be inserted into the hole, which naturally increases the height of the tripod.
  • a plurality of holes are formed in the middle of the sponge or other matrix block, as shown in Fig. 14, that is, a hole capable of putting fertilizer and placing seeds.
  • the columnar foot can be turned into a detachable foot, adding a hole in the bottom of the flat bottom seedling tray, separating the columnar foot, and the cross-sectional size of the columnar foot It is the same size as the cross section of the hole; or a variety of diameter holes are added at the bottom of the flat bottom seedling tray to facilitate the selection of the columnar foot (after the columnar foot is broken, it can be easily replaced with other columns or labels).
  • the balcony planting device includes a planting unit, a shelf (13) (fixing frame), a recycling container (15), a water pump (16), a water pipe (17), and an intelligent control module (20).
  • a planting unit is placed on the partitions (11) of different levels of the shelves
  • the recycling container U3 is placed on the bottom of the shelves, and the planting unit and the recycling container of different levels (15)
  • the water pump (16) is placed on the basin edge or in the recovery container, and the intelligent control circuit (20) controls the operation of the water pump according to the timing control or the information of the sensor (18).
  • the water level control conduit (3) in the planting unit has a fine adjustment conduit or water level adjustment device, and the water pump (16) pumps water from the recovery container (15) to the uppermost hydroponics container (23).
  • the water pump (16) pumps water from the recovery container (15) to the uppermost hydroponics container (23).
  • the water pump (16) pumps water from the recovery container (15) to the uppermost hydroponics container (23).
  • the water level is higher than the highest point of the siphon or the time exceeds the delay time of the solenoid valve or the water level sensor triggers the electromagnetic wide, the water overflows from the water level control conduit, and flows to the lower planting unit by gravity; the planting unit in the lower layer, when the water level When the highest point or time of the siphon exceeds the delay time of the solenoid valve, the water overflows from the water level control conduit, flows by gravity to the lower planting unit, and finally collects into the recovery container (15) to complete a non-closed
  • the up and down cycle constitutes a non-closed circulation system
  • the spray mode When the spray mode is running, connect one or more sets of sprinklers (sprinklers) at the water outlet of the water pump's water pipe, and let the sprinklers align with the cultivation substrate.
  • the water pump (16) takes the water from the recovery container (15). Pumping into the sprinkler, excess water overflows from the water level control conduit, layer down, and finally collects into the recovery container (15).
  • the water pump is controlled by intelligent control module.
  • the intelligent control module contains timing intelligent control module and water level detector. It can pump water regularly to prevent no water pump water. It can also have PH value detector and dissolved oxygen detector. Information, when the dissolved oxygen in the water is insufficient, pump water automatically.
  • the recovery container (15) may also have dissolved cesium, some solid substances to be dissolved are placed therein, and slowly dissolved to prevent undissolved solid matter from directly entering the recovery container (15) , causing damage to the water pump; there is a fill light hanger bracket on the shelf column or at the bottom of the hydroponic container, and a fill light can be installed thereon.
  • An automatic water replenishing device such as a water replenishing device in the toilet bowl, may be added to the recycling container (15), so that the process of adding water may be left; when the engineering application is applied, the recycling containers (15) may all be collected in one place.
  • the water is used to collect the overflow water in the lowermost planting unit, and the pump is unified into the uppermost "planting unit".
  • the general technical scheme of the utility model is:
  • a balcony planting device and assembly comprising the following components:
  • Balcony planting units and components including the "planting device frame” related components and the planting device components supported by the “planting device frame”.
  • the planting device frame related components include: “planting unit” components, overflow water recovery device, flexible Shelves, control systems, power systems; “planting unit” components include basins, water level adjustment devices, water moss and larvae automatic cleaning devices; planting device components supported by the planting device frame include a footed flat bottom seedling tray , flat bottom seedling tray, a height-adjustable tripod, square nutrient tablets, nutrient bowls, grid racks, planting racks, flower pots, and finally form a multi-planting method that can be mixed and planted, open planting platform;
  • planting device frame containing planting unit, shelf (13), recovery container (15), water pump (16), water pipe (17), intelligent control module (20), power system
  • the "planting unit” is placed on the partition (11) at different levels of the shelf
  • the recycling container (15) is placed on the bottom of the shelf
  • the "planting unit” and the recycling container (15) of different levels are passed through the guide rope or back.
  • the water pipe is connected, the water pump (16) is placed on the basin edge or in the recovery container, and the intelligent control circuit (20) controls or controls the operation of the water pump or/and the solenoid valve according to the information of the sensor (18), adjacent to the "planting unit"
  • the overflow water guiding device there is no fixed connection between the overflow water guiding device, one end of the water pipe (17) is connected to the water pump (16), and the other end is in the uppermost planting unit or the drip irrigation device or the sprinkling device; in the planting device unit Put into a height-adjustable tripod that supports hydroponics, grid racks, planting racks, nutrition bowls, or/and flat bottom seedling trays that support sprouts, flat-bottomed nursery trays, squares Raising sheet, flower pots, and / or into the support matrix soil culture or cultivation pots, planting a variety of multi-mode incubated simultaneously in the same container (planting device unit);
  • Planting device unit of "planting device frame” (hydroponics container supporting multiple irrigation methods) including basin body, water level adjusting device, automatic cleaning device for moss and larvae in water;
  • the basin is the hydroponic container, which is a large opening or a basin-shaped opening, and the opening shape may be square, or rectangular, or circular, or fan-shaped, or polygonal, or tube-cut type;
  • Water level adjustment device can be installed on the overflow port, and the bottom surface of the basin body can have automatic cleaning device for moss and larva in the water;
  • the basin supports a small greenhouse or a sprouting darkroom, and a hook or a card slot is added around the basin edge of the hydroponic container, and the small groove is protruded upward on the card slot, and the circumference of the hydroponics container is long to support the column segment.
  • the length is wide, and a rectangular plastic film is cut out, and a hole is formed on the corresponding hook or the card slot, and then the plastic film is hung on the basin edge to form a small greenhouse; the plastic film is replaced with an opaque cloth. , it becomes a dark room for sprouts; at the same time, the card slot can also fix water pipes or wires.
  • the basin supports a fill light or a sprinkler, which can add a raised protrusion on the underside of the basin; or / and add a hole in the basin of the hydroponic container to install the diaphragm pump; or / and in the water
  • a wheel mounting hole is added to the tube groove at the four corners of the container; or/and a card slot for fixing the water pipe and a card slot for fixing the wire are added to the outer edge of the container.
  • the water level adjustment device includes a water level control conduit (3), a fine adjustment conduit or a conduit with a siphon, or a solenoid valve at the lower end of the "water level control conduit or / and fine adjustment conduit";
  • the socketed fine-tuning tube is a wrinkled tube or a silicone tube.
  • a catheter with a siphon a catheter for generating tidal action, including a catheter (fine adjustment catheter) and a siphon, characterized by: a circulating water flow, an inverted J-shaped siphon is added to the catheter, and the siphon can be bent, The highest position of the siphon is lower than the overflow level of the conduit (fine adjustment conduit), the upper tube wall has a circular groove or hole, the siphon is snapped into or inserted into the circular groove or hole; or the conduit and the siphon are combined into one tide
  • the tube is directly sleeved on the inner wall of the water level control conduit (3), and a filter head is added to the tube head of the tidal tube; or the tube and the siphon tube are separately installed.
  • the overflowing device for the "planting device frame", the upper hydroponics container (23) and the lower hydroponics container (23) are not connected by a fixed conduit, and are guided by a splash line or a guide rope or a return pipe.
  • the overflow water naturally flows from the upper water level control conduit (3) to the lower hydroponic vessel to realize overflow water recovery without a fixed connection;
  • the control system of the "planting device frame”, including the intelligent control module (20) and the sensor (18), can regularly pump water or / and control the solenoid valve, or issue a PH deviation warning;
  • Power system of the "planting device frame” including water pump (16), water pipe (17), solar power system or mains transformer; small power diaphragm pump (submersible pump) can be used to pump water, low power diaphragm pump installation On the edge of the hydroponic container or on the basin edge of the recovery container.
  • Planting method components supported by the "planting device frame” include -
  • a footed flat-bottom nursery tray comprising a flat-bottomed seedling tray and a columnar foot, characterized in that: the disk surface is small, the bottom of the disk has feet; or the feet of the flat-bottom seedling tray can be separated from the flat-bottom seedling tray, and the bottom has a fixed columnar shape The hole of the foot, the columnar foot is directly inserted into the hole to fix; or / the bottom of the seedling tray has a plurality of diameter holes to facilitate the fixing of a plurality of columnar feet; or / and adjust the flat bottom by inserting columnar feet of different lengths The height of the seedling tray; (b) A height-adjustable tripod, including a ring on a tripod and a foot on a tripod, characterized in that the tripod can have multiple feet, and the bottom of the foot has a hole, and when the height is adjusted, it needs to be in the hole of the sole. Insert a toothpick or a tag;
  • (C) a square nutrient tablet comprising a fertilizer, a solid substrate and a mesh fabric, characterized in that the twist is thin and flat, and the plane is square or rectangular or polygonal;
  • a nutrient meal comprising vegetative bodies and pores, characterized in that: the vegetative body is a sponge or a matrix, and there are a plurality of small-diameter holes in the sponge or matrix, or/and a sponge nutrient center hole to the sponge body a long slit at the edge; a conduit with a siphon (water level adjustment device), a conduit for tidal action, including a conduit (fine-tuning conduit) and a siphon, characterized by: a circulating water flow, adding one to the conduit With a J-shaped siphon, the siphon can be bent so that the highest position of the siphon is lower than the overflow level of the conduit (fine-tuning conduit).
  • the channel is full of the bottom of the container
  • An automatic cleaning device for moss and larvae in water characterized in that: the bottom of the basin is covered with "fenced" channels (one or more groups), like the fence of the station entrance of the railway station during the Spring Festival, or overlapped" Z-shaped or U-shaped or circumferential or UZ combined type, to achieve no water cycle, no use of this channel to restrict the flow of water and the width of water flow, increase the kinetic energy of water per unit area of the channel, in order to improve the ability to carry impurities, or / and let the bottom of the channel be recessed, with a triangular tip or curved bottom; or / and let the bottom of the channel have a high and low drop.
  • “fenced" channels one or more groups
  • a hydroponic container supporting a plurality of irrigation methods, including a hydroponic container and a water level control conduit, characterized in that: a hole is opened in the bottom or wall of the hydroponic container, and a water level is placed in the hole
  • the control conduit, the water level control conduit can be sleeved with a fine adjustment conduit or a conduit with a siphon or a solenoid valve.
  • a hydroponic container supporting a plurality of irrigation methods, characterized in that: a fine-tuning catheter is sleeved in a water level control catheter, and the sheathed fine-tuning catheter is a wrinkled tube or a silicone tube with wrinkles
  • the diameter of the tube or silicone tube has a contraction and expansion characteristic, which facilitates the fine adjustment of the tube to slide up and down on the wall of the water level control tube (3) while maintaining the airtightness.
  • the hydroponics container (planting device unit) supporting a plurality of irrigation modes is characterized in that: a pipe with a siphon is sleeved in the water level control pipe, and an inverted J-shaped siphon tube is added into the pipe, the siphon tube Bendable, so that the highest position of the siphon is lower than the overflow level of the conduit, the upper tube wall has a circular groove or hole, the siphon is snapped or inserted into the circular weight or the hole; or the conduit and the siphon are combined into one tide
  • the tube is directly sleeved on the inner wall of the water level control conduit (3), and a filter head is added to the tube head of the tidal tube; or the tube and the siphon tube are separately installed.
  • This is a hydroponic container (planting unit) that supports multiple irrigation methods. It is characterized in that: a solenoid valve type water level control device is connected in the water level control conduit, that is, a solenoid valve is installed under the water level control conduit (3). The solenoid valve is in a normally closed state. When the water pump is supplied with water, the solenoid valve is delayed to open, that is, the sequence is delayed from the uppermost layer to the lowermost layer, and the time difference is used to achieve the tidal action; or/and a water level sensor is added to the hydroponic container.
  • the trigger solenoid valve When the water level reaches the height set by the water level sensor, the trigger solenoid valve is opened, and the time delay is automatically turned off after a delay, and the tidal action is also achieved; or/and a water level control duct and a fine adjustment duct are added to the side of the solenoid valve to realize the double tube. Diversion, when there is a problem with the solenoid valve, the increased water level control conduit can divert the overflowing water to prevent problems caused by the failure of the solenoid valve.
  • hydroponic container planting unit
  • irrigation methods characterized by: "Fenced" channels at the bottom of the container, or overlapping "Z-shaped or ⁇ -shaped or circumferential" Or a UZ combination type "channel or trough; or / and a raised protrusion on the outer surface of the container, that is, an additional fill light attachment bracket, the bracket can also be used to attach the sprinkler; or / and in the basin of the hydroponic container Install a diaphragm pump along the upper hole; or/and add wheel mounting holes in the tube slots at the four corners of the hydroponic container; or/and add a slot for the fixed water pipe and a slot for the fixed wire on the outer edge of the container
  • the plastic film or cloth can also be hung on the card slot to form a small greenhouse or a sprouting dark room.
  • a hydroponic container (planting unit) that supports multiple irrigation methods can be made of plastic, or clay, or metal, or composite materials.
  • a footed flat bottom seedling tray comprising a flat bottom seedling tray and a columnar foot, characterized by: a small surface, a foot at the bottom of the disk; a diagram of the figure, a diagram, a diagram, a diagram, a diagram
  • the feet of the flat bottom seedling tray can be separated from the flat bottom seedling tray.
  • the bottom of the flat bottom seedling tray has a fixed columnar foot groove, and the columnar foot is directly inserted into the hole groove to fix; the height of the flat bottom seedling tray can be adjusted by inserting columnar feet of different lengths. .
  • a height-adjustable tripod includes a ring on a tripod and a foot on a tripod.
  • the tripod can have a plurality of legs, and the bottom of the foot has a hole.
  • a toothpick or a sign is inserted into the hole of the sole. Shape.
  • a square nutrient tablet comprising a fertilizer, a solid substrate and a mesh fabric, characterized by a highly flat, flat, square or rectangular shape.
  • the planting unit is a hydroponics vessel supporting a variety of irrigation methods + water level adjustment device + "z-shaped or U-shaped or circumferential or UZ combination" channels or slots;
  • the shelf allows enough space between the planting units to allow each plant or vegetable to be exposed to sunlight; the planting unit can adjust the water level, and the water level can be adjusted according to the depth of the draft of the roots of the vegetables in different growing seasons. Tidal water supply, allowing roots to breathe more freely;
  • the planting unit has a "Z-shaped or U-shaped or circumferential" channel or groove to control the flow direction and width of the water, so that the cleaning work is automatically realized in the cycle;
  • the entire balcony planting device is simpler, more aesthetically pleasing and easier to clean.
  • Acupuncture points are obtained with a height-adjustable tripod, and different flowers and vegetables can be planted on the same floor.
  • a flat-bottomed seedling tray with feet can be picked all at once, and then immediately replanted;
  • Square nutrient tablets can reduce the concentration of nutrient solution. Summer water is not easy to smell, and sprouts can grow better. Shelf can easily increase the partition and take out the partition, and can freely adjust the spacing between the partitions. There is no fixed connection overflow water return pipe between the containers, and the planting unit at any level can be freely taken out and played back, and the circulation system coupling degree is low.
  • the tidal water supply method of the planting unit can support various cultivation methods such as hydroponics, soil culture, substrate culture, water and soil double cultivation, and sprouting vegetables.
  • the planting unit also supports the construction of vegetable science tubes.
  • the coupling between the relevant components is very low, and the flowers and vegetables of different roots can grow in the same planting unit, providing the largest planting choice space for the enthusiasts in a small area.
  • the appearance is more beautiful, easy to clean and maintain, and can satisfy the learning process of beginners.
  • FIG. 1 perspective view of a hydroponic container with a water level control conduit in a hydroponic container
  • FIG. diagram, diagram, diagram 14 perspective view of sponge nutrition
  • shelf support columns 10 shelf support columns (shelf) 11 shelf tiered shelves 12 shelf support columns on the series of openings
  • the bottom of the sponge nutrient bowl is paralleled with the water level overflow surface of the planting unit, and the water is kept in contact with the sponge nutrient bowl.
  • the seed obtains the infiltrated water, and the whole process does not need to be watered.
  • sprouts With regard to sprouts, with a flat-bottomed seedling tray, it is only necessary to put the seeds into the seedling tray, which can be quantitatively produced on a daily basis.
  • For planting flowers for different flowers, first put the flowers into the planting frame (baby guard), adjust the height of the tripod according to the water level, and then put the flowers with the planting frame on the tripod, so that different heights can be planted in the same layer. Plants of different root systems. Examples of growing vegetables with shelves with a series of holes:
  • the spacing of the planting units can be small, and there can be 8 or more layers of planting unit; when the seedling grows to about 3 - 5 cm, some seedlings are removed or eaten, and one planting unit is reduced. ;
  • the production of the entire balcony planting device will be doubled, while also taking into account the aesthetics, easy to clean and maintain.

Abstract

一种阳台种植装置包括支持多种灌溉方式的种植装置框架和框架支持的多种种植方式两部分。支持多种灌式的种植装置框架包括一个或多个种植装置单元、回收容器(15)、货架(13)、溢出水回收、上下循环结构、能控制和动力系统。框架支持的多种种植方式包括网格架(22)、可调节高度的三脚架(45)、营养钵等组件。

Description

一种阳台种植装置和组件
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种植物栽培技术, 尤其涉及立体的无土栽培技术领域, 特别是涉及一 种阳台种植装置和组件, 含支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器、 水位调节装置及水位调节方法、 水中苔藓和幼虫自动清理装置, 溢出水装置等, 在蔬菜种植或水培花卉种植中采用 "一种阳 台种植装置和组件"技术, 将形成开放的支持多种灌溉方式的 "种植装置框架", 这种种植装 置框架下的货架、 水培容器、 水位调节装置、 回水装置、 输水装置之间的偶合度非常低, 能 实现对多种种植方式的支持, 操作简单, 成本更少。 背景技术
阳台种花和蔬菜, 有下列客观条件限制或需求:
除了顶楼, 多数阳台的阳光是侧面照射的; 种花、 种芽菜、 种蔬菜, 如果三种同时种, 学习门槛高, 管理不方便; 水培情况下说, 种的蔬菜品种不一, 根也不一样, 导致吃水深度不 一; 不同生长期的蔬菜, 根的吃水深度也不 1一致, 因此水培容器的水位需要能调整;
居家种的植物多种多样,容器也多种多样, 一个开放的种植平台能更好的适应居家植物; 阳台是居家的一部分, 植工具要美观, 日常书清洁要方便;
阳台空间小, 种植者希望能灵活调整种植穴位, 这样能充分利用空间, 种更多蔬菜; 阳台种植者种植的蔬菜花样繁多, 不同品种的蔬菜高矮不一, 需要能调整层高的装置; 阳台种植者一般是非专业人士, 有一个学习过程, 同时较懒, 在种植过程中, 希望能方 便的调整层高调, 日常打理也要求方便。
家里种植, 光线不足, 需要补光, 同时需要装置的体积小而非大。 目前的阳台立体种植, 分为多立柱架子的立体种植和单立柱架子的立体种植。
针对多立柱架子的立体种植, 种植面有管道型的, 也有容器(大槽) 型的。
管道型的是在管道上开孔, 为了满足蔬菜的所有生长期, 其特点是, 种植穴间的间隔相 对较大, 种植量相对少, 同时只支持一种种植方式。
容器 (大槽) 型有一个大的种植面, 由于是用来工业化生产的, 不需要在一个容器里同 时种植多种植物, 种植植物单一, 导致水位固定, 不需要随时调整; 又由于规模生产的原因, 循环水量大, 单层生产, 其中的潮汐灌溉系统不采用虹吸或电磁阀来改变水位, 而直接用水 泵抽取; 针对多层情况, 为了降低工作强度, 种植穴间的间隔大, 层间间隔固定; 又因为工 业化生产原因, 循环水量大, 所以其溢出水的回收方法是通过密闭导管输送到下一层水培容 器或回收容器, 系统各组成部件之间偶合度太高, 调整不方便, 即货架立柱与隔层完全固定, 安装后不能再增加层数, 调整层高也不方便; 育苗和种植生产是分开进行的。
^对单立柱架子的立体种植, 从侧面开孔或开槽, 只支持基质栽培一种种植方式, 因此 不需要水位调节功能; 种植容器上下直接叠合, 种植容器根本无法自由取出和放回; 针对阳 台种植, 多数阳台的阳光总是从侧面照射, 单立柱的立体种植总有一面照不到阳光。 实用新型内容
本实用新型所要解决的主要技术问题是:
本实用新型针对现有技术中存在的缺陷或不足, 提供一种开放的阳台种植装置和组件, 即提供支持多种灌溉方式的种植装置单元, 实现种植平台的开放性, 方便不同品种蔬菜和花 对水位的不同需求, 更兼顾花、 芽菜、 基质蔬菜的混合种植; 提供水中苔藓和幼虫自动清理 装置, 简化维护工作, 支持开放性; 提供溢出水回收装置, 减少偶合度; 提供补光灯系统; 提供一种有脚的平底育苗盘, 方便花、 芽菜、 基质蔬菜混合种植(家庭特有); 提供一种方形 营养片, 减少液体的营养浓度; 用可调高度的三脚架提供灵活的种植穴位, 方便在同一层水 培容器中种植不同的花卉和蔬菜; 外加一种可调内径和外径的定植篮。 本实用新型总的技术构思为:
阳台种植装置分成两大部分, 即开放的支持多种灌溉方式的种植装置框架和框架支持的 多种种植方式。
种植装置框架包括一个或多个种植装置单元、 回收容器 (15), 架子, 溢出水回收方法, 上下循环结构, 智能控制系统, 动力系统 (水泵系统);
种植装置单元(支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器及制造方法)包括盆体、水位调节装置 及水位调节方法(含静态调节方法和动态调节方法),水中苔藓和幼虫自动清理装置; 动力系统(水泵系统) 包括水泵、 送水管、 太阳能供电装置或市电变压器; 智能控制系统包括智能控制模块 (20) 和传感器。
多种灌溉方式包括潮汐式灌溉、 滴灌、 喷淋; 框架上支持的多种种植方式包括网格架、 可调节高度的三角架、 营养钵、 有脚的平底育 苗盘、 平底育苗盘、 方形营养片、 普通花盆, 可调内径和外径的定植篮等;
总之,用种植装置框架和框架上支持的多种种植方式形成一套相对完整的阳台种植设备, 并形成一套解决方案和相关设备制造方法。
另, 为了保证开放平台下的水质和防止恶性杂菌的破坏, 在循环水中可以增加有益菌和 有益菌的安身之地, 即在基质中增加有益菌群, 在水中增加有益菌安身的塑料球或陶瓷片; 或增加一个过滤装置, 装置中含有塑料球或陶瓷片和有益菌群, 还可以在循环系统中增加杀 灭有害菌的灭菌灯;
为了防止恶性 菌, 也可用彻底灭菌方法, 在循环系统中可以增加臭氧发生器。 关于开放的种植装置单元
盆体
盆体就是所述水培容器, 是大开口或盆型开口的, 其开口外形可以是方形、 或长方形、 或圆形、 或扇面形、 或多边形, 或管切面型, 或多大孔型。 水位调节装置
水位调节装置含水位静态调节方法和水位动态调节方法的装置;
水位调节装置 包括水位控制导管(3 ), 微调导管或一种带虹吸管的导管, 或在"水位控 制导管或 /和微调导管"的下端安装电磁阀;
水位控制导管
水位控制导管 (3) 安装在水培容器 (盆型的) 的底部, 既在水培容器的底部开一个孔, 在孔中装一根水位控制导管, 如图 1和图 2, 导管外壁与开孔内壁形成密封结构, 形成盆体 中水的溢出口, 为了进一歩提高调节水位的幅度, 水位控制导管的上部可以与水培容器的内 底面持平, 靠微调导管来调节水位; 水位控制导管(3 )还可以安装在普通水培容器的外部, 方式 4, 如图 3和图 4, 既在水培容器的侧面开孔和增加一个水位控制导管(3 ), 水位控制导 管 (3 ) 和开孔处的水培容器壁 (1 ) 叠合, 形成叠合壁, 同样形成盆体中水的溢出口, 为了 进一步提高调节水位的幅度, 可以在叠合壁处 增加系列的孔(9), 孔可与水培容器的内底面 高度接近, 靠微调导管来调节水位。
微调导管
在水位控制导管(3)的内壁上增加微调导管(硅胶管或带褶皱纹的管子或管子 +硅胶圈), 上下滑动套接的微调导管,可改变水溢出的垂直高度。套接的微调导管是带褶皱紋的管子(如 洗衣机的出水管) 或硅胶管, 带褶皱紋的管子或硅胶管的直径具有可收缩和膨胀特性, 方便 微调导管在水位控制导管 (3) 的壁上 上下滑动, 同时保持密闭性。
一种带虹吸管的导管
一种可产生潮汐作用的导管, 包括导管 (微调导管) 和虹吸管, 其特征是: 有循环的水 流, 在导管内增加一根倒 J形虹吸管, 虹吸管可弯曲, 让虹吸管的最高位置低于导管 (微调 导管) 的溢出水位, 导管口上部管壁上有圆形槽或孔, 虹吸管卡入或插入圆形槽或孔中; 或 把导管和虹吸管合并为一根潮汐管, 直接套接在水位控制导管(3 )的内壁上, 在潮汐管的管 头加一个过滤头; 或把导管和虹吸管分开安装; 导管可以是水位控制导管、 或微调导管、 或 导流槽或导流槽口。
"水位控制导管或 /和微调导管"下端安装的电磁阀 (电动阀)
在 "水位控制导管或 /和微调导管"的下端安装电磁阀, 由控制电路或水位传感器控制。 水位调节方法(水位调节装置的调节原理):提供水位的静态调节方法为植株供水, 提供 水位的动态调节方法达成根的呼吸、 水、 养分之间的最佳平衡。
水位的静态调节方法是:
在水位控制导管(3 )上再套接微调导管(5),让微调导管在水位控制导管(3 )的壁上 上 下滑动, 从而改变水溢出的垂直高度, 也可改变套接的微调导管的长度实现对水位的进一步 调节, 如图 1和图 2; 水位的动态调节方法是:
关于潮汐式的供水作用:
为了能让水位具有潮汐效果, 我想到了 "九龙杯 - 公道杯"原理, 参照公道杯(九龙杯) 原理, 在水位控制导管或 /和微调导管中加入一根 "倒 J形"虹吸管, "倒 J形"虹吸管的一 头在盆体里,一头穿过微调导管在盆体外,水位控制导管 +微调导管的合并高度低于水培容器 的盆沿, "倒 J形"虹吸管的最高点又低于水位控制导管 +微调导管合并后的高度, 在循环水 的作用下, 当水漫过"倒 J形"虹吸管的最高点时,触发虹吸,水位开始降低, 当水位低过 盆 体里 "倒 J形"虹吸管的管头后, 虹吸现象停止; 循环水再次到来, 水再次蓄积, 再次虹吸, 虹吸现象再次停止; 如此不停重复, 形成需要的潮汐效果; 当在水培容器中放入带基质的花 盆时, 潮汐作用直接推动基质或土壤进行空气、 水、 养份的交换, 根将获得良好的生长环境。 (传统水培装置用的 "倒 U形"管, 其两个头都在水里, 其最高点高过盆沿)
潮汐的高度范围-
"倒 J形"虹吸管的最高点是 "动态最高水位", 容器中 "倒 J形"虹吸管管头与容器底 之间的高度是 "动态最低水位", 它们之间的高度差是 "潮汐的高度";
另还可以调节容器中 "倒 J形"虹吸管管头的高度来进一步调节 "动态最低水位"。 具体做法:
一种产生潮汐作用的方法, 包括导管 (水位控制导管或 /和微调导管) 和倒 J形虹吸管, 其特征是: 在导管内壁上增加一根虹吸管, 导管成垂直走向时, 其局部图如图 18, 在导管上 部管壁上开一个槽或孔, 再在此槽或孔中卡入或插入一根虹吸管, 虹吸管的一部分贴近导营 的内壁, 头在盆体外, 虹吸管的另一部分贴近导管的外壁, 头在盆体里, 水通过导管溢出时, 其液面会高过虹吸管, 自然触发虹吸作用, 加上循环的水流, 形成潮汐作用; 导管成水平走 向时, 把虹吸管紧贴导管管壁或让虹吸管与导管管壁合为一体, 贴近虹吸管的导管管壁朝下, 水通过导管溢出时, 其液面会高过虹吸管, 自然触发虹吸作用, 加上循环的水流, 形成潮汐 作用; 导管加虹吸管的好处是双管导流, 在虹吸管被堵塞后, 装置还能继续运行, 水不 从 盆沿溢出; 还可以再在水位控制导管外围增加一个大的过滤罩子。
导管可以是水位控制导管、 或微调导管、 或导流槽或导流槽口, 导流槽等同于导管内壁; 可以把微调导管和虹吸管合并为一根潮汐管, 直接套接在水位控制导管 (3 ) 的内壁上, 为了防止潮汐管的管头被堵住,在潮汐管的管头加一个过滤头(或过滤网、或弹簧做过滤网), 潮汐管可以在水位控制导管(3)的内壁上上下滑动, 实现水位的静态调节, 虹吸管实现水位 的动态调节; 或把导管和虹吸管分开安装, 由虹吸管实现水位的动态调节, 导管在虹吸管被 堵塞后, 保证装置还能继续运行。 一种产生潮汐作用的方法, 在 "水位控制导管或 /和微调导管"的下端安装电磁阔, 或在 水培容器底部开孔处安装电磁阀, 如图 19、 20, 电磁阔处于常闭状态, 当水泵供水后, 电磁 阀延迟开启, 导致水培容器中的水位先升高后降低, 利用时间差实现潮汐作用, 多层情况下, 从最上层到最下层 按顺序 延迟开启和关闭; 或 /和在水培容器里增加一个水位传感器(水位 开关), 当水位达到水位传感器(水位开关)设定的高度时, 触发电磁阀开启, 延时一段时间 后自动关闭,同样实现潮汐作用;或 /和再在电磁阀边上增加一个水位控制导管或 /和微调导管, 实现双管导流,当电磁阀出现问题时,增加的水位控制导管或 /和微调导管可以导流溢出的水, 防止电磁阔 (电动阀) 失灵带来的问题。 水中苔藓和幼虫自动清理装置:
在水培容器内的底部增加单向的横向筋或纵向筋或圆周型的筋, 这种横向筋从左到右不 贯穿, 即第一条横向筋沿盆体底面从左连接到靠近右的地方, 不贯穿, 第二条横向筋从右连 接到靠近左的地方, 不贯穿, 交替重复, 横向筋围成的渠道如连续的 "Z字型"渠道或槽, 如图 5所示。 原理如同春运时的火车站进站口的围栏, "围栏式" 渠道布满整个容器底, 可 以做成重叠的 "Z字型"或 "U字型"或 "圆周型"或 "UZ组合型"渠道, 达到水循环没有 死角, 同时约束了水的流向和水流宽度, 提高渠道中单位面积流水的动能, 实现水中的杂质 会沿着渠道流到下层水培容器的目的, 上层水培容器溢出的水到下层水培容器后, 会沿 "围 栏式" 渠道循环, 再从溢出口溢出, 直到汇总到回收容器, 清理工作在循环中自动完成,同 时防止了蚊虫的滋生和苔藓的蓄积, 为了提高携带杂质的能力, 还可以让渠道底部凹下去, 呈三角尖型或弧型底; 为了增加流速, 还可增加渠道底部的高低落差。 汇总盆体、 水位调节装置、 水位调节方法、 水中苔藓和幼虫自动清理方法, 形成开放的 种植装置单元, 一种能承载多种种植方式的容器, 与其它组件组合起来形成一个多层的、 能 承载多种种植方式的平台。
支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器可以简称水培容器; 水位调节装置是含有水位静态调节方 法和水位动态调节方法的装置; 含有水位调节装置的水培容器是种植装置单元, 或称可调节 水位的水培容器; 水培容器和可调水位的水培容器简称容器或盆体。 水培容器(种植装置单元)支持多种灌溉方式的方法
针对潮汐方式
利用水位控制导管套接微调导管支持静态的水位调节方式, 即在水位控制导管中增加微 调导管, 让微调导管在水位控制导管 (3 ) 的壁上 上下滑动, 从而改变水溢出的垂直高度, 调节水位, 如图 1和图 2, 实现支持相对静态的水位调节; 利用一种可产生潮汐作用的导管 支持潮汐方式, 即在水位控制导管或 /和微调导^中增加虹吸管或虹吸管功能, 如图 18, 实现 支持潮汐方式, 或在水位控制导管 (3 ) 的下端安装电磁阀, 如图 19、 20, 通过电磁阀的幵 启时序或水位传感器控制电磁阀的开启, 形成潮汐效果, 实现支持潮汐方式;
针对滴灌方式
利用 "支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器"收集灌溉多余的水, 同时在输水管的出水口处接 一组和多组滴箭(滴灌装置), 并让滴箭插入 质中, 实现支持滴灌方式; (仅支持基质栽培) 针对喷灌方式
利用 "支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器"收集灌溉多余的水, 同时在输水管的出水口处接 一组和多组喷淋头 (喷淋装置), 让喷淋头对准栽培基质, 实现支持喷灌方式。
支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器不仅支持滴灌和喷灌, 而且做得更好, 即利用水培容器 + 水位控制导管收集和约束溢出水的特点, 能有效防止滴灌和喷灌中多余的水溢出到地面。 溢出水的回收装置: 为了方便在工作状态下取出水培容器和安装水培容器, 需要上层水培容器与下层水培容 器之间无固定导管连接, 在此背景下, 通过把上层水培容器与下层水培容器放置在一个垂直 面中, 再用防溅绳或导流绳 引导溢出水从上层水位控制导管(3 ) 自然流到下层水培容器中, 实现无管道的溢出水回收; 最后, 最下层水培容器溢出的水自然流到回收容器 (15) 中。
也可以用一根回水管与水位控制导管 (3 ) 直接连接, 引导水流到下层水培容器, 同时, 回水管与下层水培容器无固定连接, 只是回水管的一头放入下层水培容器中而已, 此时上层 水培容器与下层水培容器无须在一个垂直面中。 小温室或芽菜暗房
在水培容器的盆沿的四周上增加挂钩或卡槽, 卡槽上有向上突起的小钉, 以水培容器的 周长为长, 以支撑柱段的长为宽(或多个支撑柱段的长), 裁出一块长方形塑料膜, 其上对应 挂钩或卡槽的位置有孔, 然后把塑料膜挂在盆沿上, 就形成一个小温室; 把塑料膜换成不透 光的布, 就变成生芽菜的暗房; 同时卡槽还可以固定水管或导线。
回收容器(15), 可以用单独的容器做回收容器, 也可以把水培容器上的孔堵住, 用堵住 孔的水培容器做回收容器 (15)。
货架
背景: 不同的花卉或蔬菜、 不同生长期的花卉或蔬菜, 都对空间有不同的要求; 又多数 -阳台的阳光是侧面照射, 为了让阳光能照射到所有蔬菜上, 相临两层水培容器 (23 ) 之间必 须有足够空间。
现有的竹节管做的货架, 超市货架, 2020、 3030或其它铝型材做的货架, 总之, 方便安 放种植装置单元(支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器) 和回收容器 (15) 的货架都行。
阳台种菜人的特点是白领女性居多, 为了适合阳台种菜设备的快递运输方式, 特设计一 简化的货架; 如图 5、 6、 15、 16所示, 把可调水位的水培容器与 隔架 和隔板集成为一体, 既在水培容器的边上 (四个角上)增加向上和向下的管槽, 然后把支撑柱变成支撑柱段 (分 成多段),用支撑柱段分别插入水培容器的管槽实现水培容器间的连接, 形成多层的阳台种植 装置, 好处是货架只剰下支撑柱段, 体积变小, 重量变轻, 方便运输, 缺点是只能在最上层 实现加层和减层, 为此, 增加支撑柱下端与水位容器管槽的间隙, 这样也可自由加层和减层。
也可以用绳子把 "种植装置单元"悬吊起来。
智能控制系统
包括智能^制模块 (20)和补光系统,
智能控制模块 (20) 还含有传感器, 能定时泵水, 即控制水泵工作一段时间休息一段时 间, 降低了能耗, 同时结合水位的动态调节方法, 让潮汐供水更优化。 还可以根据传感器的 信号控制水泵或电磁阀或告警或控制补光系统, 如在溶解氧不足时马上泵水, 如在 PH值偏 离时发出告警, 如根据光敏传感器控制补光强度。
针对补光系统, 还需要在可调水位的水培容器底部增加补光灯挂接支架和安装孔, 即在 水培容器一次成型时, 在其外底部增加多个带孔的突起物, 分别靠近底部的两边; 突起物成 片状, 其上有孔, 安装时, 把补光灯分别插入 (卡入) 挂接支架的孔中, 优点是盆体与灯架 合为一体, 制造成本低, 安装更方便。 (无动力运行时可以没有智能控制模块。)
动力系 水泵系统) ―
有两种运行方式, 有动力运行和无动力运行;
有动力运行: 包括水泵、 送水管和电源, 运行时, 水泵 (16) 把水从回收容器 (15) 泵 到最上层的水培容器 (23 ) 中, 为了能做到完全绿色, 采用太阳能供电, 为了降低太阳能电 池板的面积, 选用小功率隔膜泵来泵水, 小功率隔膜泵安装在水培容器的盆沿上或回收容器 的盆沿上 (不能放到水里, 封装成潜水泵的可以)。 当然也可用民用电驱动潜水泵。
采用小功率隔膜泵的好处, 可长时间空转, 同时还是自吸泵。
无动力运行: 靠人力把水从回收容器 (15) 送到最上层的水培容器 (23 ) 中。 关于框架上的种植方式, 如图 16
水培容器上的网格架和配套的定植架
种植穴位的获取: 传统方式是在板材上开孔获得, 其穴位位置固定, 不能调整, 空间利 用率低。为了能种更多的花或蔬菜,为了能减轻蔬菜不同生长期的工作量,建议用网格架(22) 来获得种植穴位, 每个网格就是一个种植穴位。
使用时, 先用定植架 (或名花架子或名护花宝宝) 固定花卉或蔬菜, 再把固定好蔬菜的 定植架 (24) 放在网格上。
(定植架: 采用了 "内径调节方法和外径调节固定方法及定植篮"技术的定植架) 为了能更进一步的调节植株与水位的位置关系, 可以利用可调水位的水培容器调节水 位, 还可以通过升降网格架的方法实现对植株与水位位置关系的调节。
一种可调垂直高度的网格架, 如图 10, 包括水平网格架、 螺栓和螺母结构, 其特征是: 在网格架的四周边沿上悍接或卡接螺母或螺母结构,再在螺母中装入螺栓或螺栓结构的零件, 螺栓对准水培容器口边沿上的凹槽或水培容器中的底, 通过旋转或提降螺栓实现对网格架的 升降。
水培容器上的可调节高度的三角架和配套的定植架
为了能更方便的调整种植间隔和密度, 可以用三脚架来获得种植穴位, 如图 17, 再在三 脚架形成的种植穴位上放置定植架; 为了能调节三脚架的高度, 可以在三脚架的脚底增加孔, 当需要增加三脚架的高度时, 可以在孔中插入牙签或签状物, 自然就提高了三脚架的高度。
定植架上的营养钵
在海绵体或其他基质块的中间开多个孔, 如图 14, 即增加能放肥料和放种子的孔。
使用时, 把海绵或基质做的营养钵塞入定植架, 海绵体中部被定植架收紧, 这个时候就 可以在孔中放入植物种子或肥料 (或缓释肥) 了。 由于从种子开始种, 可以省去把育好的苗 移栽到定植篮上的工作流程。 还可以沿海绵营养钵中心孔到海绵体边沿开一条长缝, 方便在 中心孔中直接放入小苗。
水培容器上的一种有脚的平底育苗盘
家庭种菜不能像工厂种菜, 什么都是大盘, 为了方便采摘和马上复种 (一个育苗盘一盘 菜, 采摘一盘, 马上复种一盘), 需要小面积的平底育苗盘, 为了让此平底育苗盘能与其他种 植方式一起在 "盆型开口的、 可调水位的水培容器"中混合种植, 需要一种有脚的平底育苗 盘来适应其他种植方式的水位, 即在平底育苗盘的底部增加多个脚, 如图 13, 为了进一步减 少运输体积, 可把柱状脚变成可拆卸的脚, 既在平底育苗盘的底部增加孔槽, 把柱状脚分离 出来, 同时柱状脚的截面大小与孔槽截面的大小一致; 或在平底育苗盘的底部再增加多种直 径的孔, 方便柱状脚的选择 (当柱状脚折断后, 可以方便的用其它柱状物或签状物代替)。
平底育苗盘上的方形营养片
种芽菜时, 为了减少水培溶液的肥料浓度, 需要增加一块方形营养片, 方形营^片刚好 能覆盖平底育苗盘的底面, 方形营养片由固体的基质压成, 其中含有植物需要的肥料、基质、 网状织物, 其高度特征成扁型, 平面特征成多边形(方形或长方形), 平面上还有凹点, 方便 种子固定, 在培养芽菜时, 只需要把种子放在 方形营养片上, 用清水都能培养出好的芽菜。
平底育苗盘
由于有 "Z字型"渠道或槽, 可以把平底育苗盘或花盆直接放在 "Z字型" f: 或槽上。 完整的阳台无土种植装置
如图 7、 8、 11、 12, 阳台种植装置含有种植装置单元、 货架 (13 ) (固定架)、 回收容器 ( 15)、 水泵(16)、 输水管 (17), 智能控制模块 (20), 首先货架上有分层隔架 (11 ), 种植 装置单元放在货架的不同层面的隔架 (11 ) 上, 回收容器 U3)放在货架底, 不同层面的种 植装置单元和回收容器 (15) 通过导流绳或回水管衔接, 水泵 (16) 放在盆沿上或回收容器 里, 智能控制电路 (20) 定时控制或按传感器 (18) 的信息控制水泵的运转, 相邻种植装置 单元之间没有固定连接的溢出水导流装置 (相临水培容器间没有固定的导管连接), 输水管 ( 17) 的一端接水泵 (16), 另一端在最上层的种植装置单元中或接滴灌装置或喷淋装置。
潮汐方式运行时, 种植装置单元中的水位控制导管 (3) 中有微调导管或水位调节装置, 水泵 (16) 把水从回收容器 (15 ) 泵到最上层的水培容器 (23 ) 中, 当水位高过虹吸管的最 高点或时间超过电磁阀的延时时间点或水位传感器触发电磁阔, 水从水位控制导管溢出, 靠 重力作用流到下层种植装置单元; 在下层种植装置单元, 当水位高过虹吸管的最高点或时间 超过电磁阀的延时时间点, 水从水位控制导管再次溢出, 靠重力作用流到再下层的种植装置 单元, 最后汇集到回收容器 (15), 完成一个非封闭的上下循环, 构成一个非封闭循环系统; 这个非封闭的上下循环系统可以支撑多个种植装置单元和支撑多种种植方法, 如图 16。
滴灌方式运行时, 在水泵的输水管的出水口处接一组和多组滴箭(滴灌装置), 滴箭插入 盆花或盆栽作物, 水泵 (16) 把水从回收容器 (15 ) 泵到滴箭中, 多余的水从水位控制导管 溢出, 层层向下, 最后汇总到回收容器 (15 ) 中, 完成一个非封闭的上下循环, 构成一个非 封闭循环系统。
喷淋方式运行时, 在水泵的输水管的出水口处接一组和多组喷淋头(喷淋装置), 让喷淋 头对准栽培基质, 水泵 (16) 把水从回收容器 (15 ) 泵到喷淋头中, 多余的水从水位控制导 管溢出, 层层向下, 最后汇总到回收容器 (15 ) 中。
为了节约能源, 水泵由智能控制模块控制, 智能控制模含有定时智能控制模块、 水位检 测器, 能定时泵水, 防止无水泵水, 还可以有 PH值检测器、 溶解氧检测器, 能发出告警信 息, 当水中溶解氧不足时, 自动泵水。
回收容器 (15 ) 中可以有过滤装置; 回收容器 (15 ) 中还可以有溶解篓, 一些需要溶解 的固体物质放在其中, 慢慢溶解, 防止没有溶解的固体物质直接进入回收容器(15), 导致损 坏水泵; 货架立柱上或水培容器外底部有补光灯挂架支架, 其上可以安装补光灯。
回收容器 (15 ) 中可以加入自动补水装置, 如卫生间马桶中的补水装置, 这样, 连加水 的工序也可以剩了; 做工程应用时, 也可以把回收容器 (15 ) 全部集中到一处, 既用水管把 最下层种植装置单元中的溢出水汇总到一起, 统一泵到各个最上层的 "种植装置单元" 中。 本实用新型总的技术方案为:
一种阳台种植装置和组件, 包括下列组成部分:
(A) 阳台种植装置和组件, 包括 "种植装置框架"相关组件 和 "种植装置框架"支 持的种植方式组件,种植装置框架相关组件包括: "种植装置单元"组件、溢出水的回收装置、 灵活的货架、 控制系统、 动力系统; "种植装置单元"组件包括盆体、 水位调节装置、 水中苔 藓和幼虫自动清理装置; "种植装置框架"支持的种植方式组件包括一种有脚的平底育苗盘、 平底育苗盘、 一种可调节高度的三角架、 方形营养片、 营养钵、 网格架、 定植架、 花盆, 最 后共同组成一个多种种植方式可混种种植的、 开放的种植平台;
(B)种植装置框架的组合方式, 种植装置框架含有种植装置单元、 货架 (13 )、 回收容 器 (15 )、 水泵 (16)、 输水管 (17), 智能控制模块 (20), 动力系统, 其中 "种植装置单元" 放在货架的不同层面的隔架 (11 ) 上, 回收容器 (15 ) 放在货架底, 不同层面的 "种植装置 单元"和回收容器 (15 )通过导流绳或回水管衔接, 水泵 (16) 放在盆沿上或回收容器里, 智能控制电路(20)定时控制或按传感器(18)的信息控制水泵或 /和电磁阀的运转,相邻"种 植装置单元"之间没有固定连接的溢出水导流装置, 输水管 ( 17 ) 的一端接水泵 (16), 另一 端在最上层的种植装置单元中或接滴灌装置或喷淋装置; 再在种植装置单元中放入支持水培 的可调节高度的三角架、 网格架、 定植架、 营养钵, 或 /和放入支持芽菜种植的平底育苗盘、 有脚的平底育苗盘、 方形营养片、 花盆, 或 /和放入支持土培或基质栽培的花盆, 实现多种种 植方式在同一容器 (种植装置单元) 中同时培育;
( C ) 在基质中增加有益菌群, 在水中增加有益菌安身的塑料球或陶瓷片; 或增加一个 过滤装置, 装置中含有塑料球或陶瓷片和有益菌群; 或在循环系统中增加杀灭有害菌的灭菌. 灯; 或在循环系统中增加臭氧发生器;
(D) "种植装置框架"之种植装置单元 (支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器) 包括盆体、水 位调节装置, 水中苔藓和幼虫自动清理装置;
(a)盆体就是所述水培容器, 是大开口或盆型开口的, 其开口外形可以是方形、 或长方 形、 或圆形、 或扇面形、 或多边形, 或管切面型; 其水的溢出口上可以安装水位调节亵置, 盆体内底面可以有水中苔藓和幼虫自动清理装置;
盆体支持小温室或芽菜暗房, 在水培容器的盆沿的四周上增加挂钩或卡槽, 卡槽上有向 上突起的小钉, 以水培容器的周长为长, 以支撑柱段的长为宽, 裁出一块长方形塑料膜, 其 上对应挂钩或卡槽的位置有孔, 然后把塑料膜挂在盆沿上, 就形成一个小温室; 把塑料膜换 成不透光^布, 就变成生芽菜的暗房; 同时卡槽还可以固定水管或导线。
盆体支持挂接补光灯或挂接喷淋头, 既在盆体外底面可以增加带孔的突起; 或 /和在水培 容器的盆沿上增加孔来安装隔膜泵; 或 /和在水培容器的四个角上的管槽中增加轮子安装孔; 或 /和在容器外沿上增加固定水管的卡槽和固定导线的卡槽。
(b)水位调节装置包括水位控制导管(3 ), 微调导管或一种带虹吸管的导管, 或在"水 位控制导管或 /和微调导管"的下端安装电磁阀;
在水位控制导管(3 ) 的内壁上增加微调导管, 上下滑动套接的微调导管, 可改变水溢出 的垂直高度; 套接的微调导管是带褶皱纹的管子或硅胶管。
一种带虹吸管的导管, 一种可产生潮汐作用的导管, 包括导管 (微调导管) 和虹吸管, 其特征是: 有循环的水流, 在导管内增加一根倒 J形虹吸管, 虹吸管可弯曲, 让虹吸管的最 高位置低于导管 (微调导管) 的溢出水位, 导管口上部管壁上有圆形槽或孔, 虹吸管卡入或 插入圆形槽或孔中; 或把导管和虹吸管合并为一根潮汐管, 直接套接在水位控制导管 (3 )的 内壁上, 在潮汐管的管头加一个过滤头; 或把导管和虹吸管分开安装。
在 "水位控制导管或 /和微调导管"的下端安装电磁阔。
(c)水中苔藓和幼虫自动清理装置,在盆体底部布满 "围栏式"的渠道;或呈重叠的 "Z 字型或 U字型或圆周型或 UZ组合型"渠道, 达到水循环没有死角, 用此渠道约束水的流向 和水流宽度, 增加了渠道中单位面积流水的动能, 为提高携带杂质的能力, 或 /和让渠道底部 凹下去, 呈三角尖型或弧型底; 或 /和让渠道底部有高低落差。
(E) "种植装置框架"之溢出水的回收装置, 上层水培容器(23 )和下层水培容器(23) 中间无固定的导管连接, 既用防溅绳或导流绳或回水管 引导溢出水从上层水位控制导管(3) 中自然流到下层水培容器中, 实现无固定连接的溢出水回收;
(F) "种植装置框架"之货架, 可安放种植装置单元和回收容器 (15) 的货架;
(G) "种植装置框架"之回收容器, 容器中有过滤装置;
(H) "种植装置框架"之控制系统, 包括智能控制模块 (20) 和传感器 (18), 能定时 泵水或 /和控制电磁阀, 或发出 PH值偏离告警;
(I) "种植装置框架"之动力系统, 包括水泵 (16)、 输水管 (17)、 太阳能系统或市电 变压器; 可选用小功率隔膜泵 (潜水泵) 来泵水, 小功率隔膜泵安装在水培容器 沿上或 回收容器的盆沿上。
(J) "种植装置框架"支持的种植方式组件包括-
( a)一种有脚的平底育苗盘, 包括平底育苗盘和柱状脚, 其特征在于: 盘面小, 盘底有 脚; 或平底育苗盘的脚可以与平底育苗盘分离, 其底部有固定柱状脚的孔槽, 柱状脚直接插 入孔槽中固定; 或 /和平底育苗盘的底部有多种直径的孔, 方便多种直径柱状脚的固定; 或 / 和通过插入不同长度的柱状脚调整平底育苗盘的高度; (b)一.种可调节高度的三角架, 包括三脚架上的环和三脚架上的脚, 其特征是三脚架可 以有多个脚, 脚的底部有孔, 调节高度时, 需要在脚底的孔中插入牙签或签状物;
(C)一种方形营养片, 包括肥料、 固体基质和网状织物, 其特征是髙度成薄扁型, 平面 成方形或长方形或多边形;
(d)一种营养钵, 包括营养体和孔, 其特征在于: 营养体是海绵或基质, 在海绵体或基 质上有多个小直径的孔, 或 /和海绵营养钵中心孔到海绵体边沿有一条长缝; 一种带虹吸管的导管(水位调节装置),一种可产生潮汐作用的导管, 包括导管(微调导 管)和虹吸管, 其特征是: 有循环的水流, 在导管内增加一根倒 J形虹吸管, 虹吸管可弯曲, 让虹吸管的最高位置低于导管 (微调导管) 的溢出水位, 导管口上部管壁上有圆形槽或孔, 虹吸管卡入或插入圆形槽或孔中; 或把导管和虹吸管合并为一根潮汐管, 直接套接在水位控 制导管 (3 ) 的内壁上, 在潮汐管的管头加一个过滤头; 或把导管和虹吸管分开安装。
渠道布满整个容器底
一种水中苔藓和幼虫自动清理装置, 其特征是: 在盆体底部布满 "围栏式" 的渠道 (一 组或多组), 如同春运时火车站进站口的围栏, 或呈重叠的 " Z字型或 U字型或圆周型或 UZ 组合型", 达到水循环没有死角, 用此渠道约束水的流向和水流宽度, 增加了渠道中单位面积 流水的动能, 为提高携带杂质的能力, 或 /和让渠道底部凹下去, 呈三角尖型或弧型底; 或 / 和让渠道底部有高低落差。 一种支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器(种植装置单元), 包括水培容器和水位控制导管,其 特征是: 在水培容器的底部或壁上开一个孔, 在孔中装一根水位控制导管, 水位控制导管可 套接微调导管或一种带虹吸管的导管或下接电磁阀。
关于此一种支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器(种植装置单元), 其特征是: 在水位控制导管 中套接微调导管, 套接的微调导管是带褶皱纹的管子或硅胶管, 带褶皱紋的管子或硅胶管的 直径具有可收缩和膨胀特性, 方便微调导管在水位控制导管 (3 ) 的壁上 上下滑动, 同时保 持密闭性。
关于此一种支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器(种植装置单元),其特征是: 在水位控制导管 中套接一种带虹吸管的导管, 既在导管内增加一根倒 J形虹吸管, 虹吸管可弯曲, 让虹吸管 的最高位置低于导管的溢出水位, 导管口上部管壁上有圆形槽或孔, 虹吸管卡入或插入圆形 權或孔中; 或把导管和虹吸管合并为一根潮汐管, 直接套接在水位控制导管 (3 ) 的内壁上, 在潮汐管的管头加一个过滤头; 或把导管和虹吸管分开安装。
关¥此一种支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器(种植装置单元),其特征是: 在水位控制导管 中套接电磁阀式水位控制装置, 即在水位控制导管(3 )下安装电磁阀, 电磁阀处于常闭状态, 当水泵供水后, 电磁阀延迟开启, 即从最上层到最下层顺序延迟开启和关闭, 利用时间差实 现潮汐作用;或 /和在水培容器中增加一个水位传感器,当水位达到水位传感器设定的高度时, 触发电磁阀开启, 延时一段时间后自动关闭, 同样实现潮汐作用; 或 /和再在电磁阀边上增加 一个水位控制导管和微调导管, 实现双管导流, 当电磁阀出现问题时, 增加的水位控制导管 可以导流溢出的水, 防止电磁阀失灵带来的问题。
关于此一种支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器(种植装置单元), 其特征是: 在容器底部布满 "围栏式" 的渠道, 或呈重叠的 " Z字型或 ϋ字型或圆周型或 UZ组合型 "渠道或槽; 或 / 和在容器外底面增加带孔的突起, 即增加补光灯挂接支架, 支架还可用来挂接喷淋头; 或 /和 在水培容器的盆沿上增加孔来安装隔膜泵; 或 /和在水培容器的四个角上的管槽中增加轮子安 装孔;或 /和在容器外沿上增加固定水管的卡槽和固定导线的卡槽,卡槽上还可挂塑料膜或布, 构成小温室或芽菜暗房。
一种支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器 (种植装置单元) 可以用塑料、 或陶土、 或金属、 或 复合材料制造。 一种有脚的平底育苗盘, 包括平底育苗盘和柱状脚, 其特征在于: 面小, 盘底有脚; 图说图图图图图图图图图图图
或平底育苗盘的脚可以与平底育苗盘分离, 既平底育苗盘的底部有固定柱状脚的孔槽, 柱状 脚直接插入孔槽中固定; 可通过插入不同长度的柱状脚调整平底育苗盘的高度。
一种可调节高度的三角架, 包括三脚架上的环和三脚架上的脚, 其特征是三脚架可以有 多个脚, 脚的底部有孔, 调节高度时, 需要在脚底的孔中插入牙签或签状物。
一种方形营养片, 包括肥料、 固体基质和网状织物, 其特征是高度成薄扁型, 平面成方 形或长方形。 本实用新型的技术效果如下:
种植装置单元是支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器 +水位调节装置 + "z字型或 U字型或圆周 型或 UZ组合型"渠道或槽;
货架让种植装置单元之间有足够空间, 让每一株花或蔬菜都能得到阳光的照射; 种植装置单元能调节水位, 可根据蔬菜在不同生长期根的吃水深度调节水位, 还可自动 实现潮汐供水, 让根能更自由的呼吸;
种植装置单元有 " Z字型或 U字型或圆周型 "渠道或槽, 控制水的流向和宽度, 让清理 工作在循环中自动实现;
管道少, 整个阳台种植装置显得更简洁, 更美观, 更容易清洁。
采用可调高度的三脚架获得种植穴位, 同层可种植不同花卉和蔬菜。
海绵营养钵, 省去把育好的苗移栽到定植篮上的工作流程;
有脚的平底育苗盘, 可以马上全部采摘完一盘, 然后马上复种一盘;
方形营养片, 可以减少营养液的浓度, 夏天水就不容易发臭, 芽菜还能长得更好; 货架可以轻松的增加隔架和取出隔架, 能自由调整隔架之间的间隔, 容器间没有固定连 接的溢出水回水管, 任意层面的种植装置单元可以自由取出与回放, 循环系统偶合度低。
少了部分管道, 成本降低, 整个装置安装方便, 同时也更加美观。
针对工业化花卉生产的应用方案: 采用种植装置单元, 将降低能源消耗和很多工作量。 采用有益菌群方式, 可以让开放的种植平台更安全。
种植装置单元的潮汐供水方式, 可以同时支持水培、 土培、 基质培、 水土双培、 发芽菜 等多种培育方式。
种植装置单元还支持 蔬菜科普管的建设。
总之, 相关组件之间偶合度很低, 不同根系的花和蔬菜可以在同一层种植装置单元中生 长, 在很小的面积中为爱好者提供最大的种植品种选择空间。 外形更美观, 清洁维护方便, 同时能满足初学者的学习过程。
1 一种水位控制导管在水培容器里的水培容器的透视图
2 一种水位控制导管在水培容器里的水培容器的斜侧视图
3 一种水位控制导管在水培容器外的水培容器的斜侧视图
4 一种水位控制导管在水培容器外的水培容器的透视图
5 可调水位的水培容器与隔架和隔板做成一体的斜视图
6 可调水位的水培容器与隔架和隔板做成一体的侧视图
7 阳台种植装置 (含固定在墙上的货架) 的斜侧视图
8 阳台种植装置 (含固定在墙上的货架) 的斜正视图
9 种植蔬菜的定植篮
10 可调垂直高度的网格架
11 阳台种植装置 (含自立的货架) 的斜侧视图
12 阳台种植装置 (含自立的货架) 的斜正视图 13 有脚的平底育苗盘
图图图图图图图图 14 海绵营养钵的透视图
15 由含隔架和隔板功能的可调水位的水培容器组成的阳台装置的斜视图
16 由含隔架和隔板功能的可调水位的水培容器组成的阳台装置的侧视图
17 三脚架的斜视图
18 虹吸式水位调节装置的剖面图
19 电磁阀式水位调节装置的剖面图
20 微调导管 +电磁阀式水位调节装置的剖面图 图中标号说明
1水培容器的容器壁 2水位控制导管下端 3水位控制 (软) 导管
4防溅绳 5微调导管 9系列孔
10货架支撑柱 (架) 11货架的分层隔架 12货架支撑柱上的系列开孔
13货架 14墙 15回收容器
16水泵 17输水管 18传感器
19导线 20智能控制模块 21入水开关
22网格架 23可调节水位的水培容器 24定植架
25花卉或蔬菜 26 A孔
27支撑脚 28螺母 29螺栓
40向上的管槽 41向下的管槽 42支撑柱段 (圆管)
43有脚的平底育苗盘 44褶皱管
45三脚架 46三脚架上的圆环 47三脚架上的脚
48虹吸管 49横向筋 ("Z字"型渠道壁) 50补光灯挂接支架
51电磁阀 52水位传感器 53水培容器的底面 具体实施方式
1、 按货架说明书装配货架; 放置种植装置单元和回收容器 (15);
2、 放置水泵 (16); 沿货架立柱安装输水管 (17); 放置网格架 (22);
3、 安装智能控制模块 (20) 和接通电源; 加水和肥;
4、 试运行; 再放置花或蔬菜。 关于育苗, 育苗时, 只需要把海绵营养钵放入采用了 "内径调节方法和外径调节固定方 法及定植篮"技术的定植架(24), 定植架(24)的内托(S型卡臂)会被挤开并卡住育苗块, 然后在育苗块的孔中放入种子, 最后把定植架 (24) 放到网格架 (22) 上就可以了。
海绵营养钵的底部与种植装置单元的水位溢出面并行, 保持水与海绵营养钵的接触, 种 子获得的是浸润上来的水, 整个过程不用再浇水。
关于芽菜, 用有脚的平底育苗盘, 只需要把种子放入育苗盘, 就可以按天定量生产了。 关于种花, 对不同的花, 先把花放入定植架(护花宝宝), 再根据水位高度调节三脚架的 高度, 然后把带定植架的花放入三脚架, 就实现同一层中种植不同高度和不同根系的植株。 用有系列孔的货架种植蔬菜的例子:
在种子发芽期, 种植 置单元间隔可以很小, 可以有 8层甚至更多层的种植装置单元; 当苗长到 3- -5CM左右时, 剔除或吃掉部分苗, 减少一层种植装置单元;
当苗再长高一些, 再剔除或吃掉部分苗, 再减少一层种植装置单元;
到蔬菜成熟, 只剩下 3- -4层种植装置单元了。
整个阳台种植装置的产量将成倍的提高, 同时还兼顾了美观, 容易打扫卫生和维护。

Claims

权 禾 ί2要 求 书
、 一种阳台种植装置和组件, 包括下列组件和结构:
(Α) 阳台种植装置和组件, 包括 "种植装置框架"相关组件和 "种植装置框架"支 持的种植方式组件, 种植装置框架相关组件包括: "种植装置单元"组件、 溢出水的回收 装置、 灵活的货架、 控制系统、 动力系统; "种植装置单元"组件包括盆体、 水位调节装 置、 水中苔藓和幼虫自动清理装置; "种植装置框架"支持的种植方式组件包括一种有脚 的平底育苗盘、 平底育苗盘、 一种可调节高度的三角架、 方形营养片、 营养钵、 网格架、 定植架、 花盆, 最后共同组成一个多种种植方式可混种种植的、 开放的种植平台;
(Β) 种植装置框架的组合方式, 种植装置框架含有种植装置单元、 货架 (13)、 回收容 器 (15)、 水泵 (16)、 输水管 (17), 智能控制模块 (20), 动力系统, 其中 "种植装置 单元"放在货架的不同层面的隔架 (11 ) 上, 回收容器 (15)放在货架底, 不同层面的
"种植装置单元"和回收容器 (15 ) 通过导流绳或回水管衔接, 水泵 (16) 放在盆沿上 或回收容器里, 智能控制电路(20) 定时控制或按传感器 (18) 的信息控制水泵或 /和电 磁阀的运转, 相邻 "种植装置单元 "之间没有固定连接的溢出水导流装置, 输水管(17) 的一端接水泵(16), 另一端在最上层的种植装置单元中或接滴灌装置或喷淋装置; 再在 种植装置单元中放入支持水培的可调节高度的三角架、 网格架、 定植架、 营养钵, 或 /和 放入支持芽菜种植的平底育苗盘、 有脚的平底育苗盘、 方形营养片、 花盆, 或 /和放入支 持土培或基质栽培的花盆, 实现多种种植方式在同一种植装置单元中同时培育;
(C)在基质中增加有益菌群, 在水中增加有益菌安身的塑料球或陶瓷 '片; 或增加一个过 滤装置, 装置中含有塑料球或陶瓷片和有益菌群; 或在循环系统中增加杀灭有害菌的灭 菌灯; 或在循环系统中增加臭氧发生器;
(D) "种植装置框架"之种植装置单元包括盆体、 水位调节装置, 水中苔藓和幼虫自动 清理装置;
(a) 盆体就是所述水培容器, 是大开口或盆型开口的, 其开口外形可以是方形、 或长方 形、 或圆形、 或扇面形、 或多边形, 或管切面型; 其水的溢出口上可以安装水位调节装 置, 盆体内底面可以有水中苔藓和幼虫自动清理装置;
盆体支持小温室或芽菜暗房, 在水培容器的盆沿的四周上增加挂钩或卡槽, 卡槽上有向 上突起的小钉, 以水培容器的周长为长, 以支撑柱段的长为宽, 裁出一块长方形塑料膜, 其上对应挂钩或卡槽的位置有孔, 然后把塑料膜挂在盆沿上, 就形成一个小温室; 把塑 料膜换成不透光的布, 就变成 芽菜的暗房; 同时卡槽还可以固定水管或导线。
盆体支持挂接补光灯或挂接喷淋头, 既在盆体外底面可以增加带孔的突起; 或 /和在 水培容器的盆沿上增加孔来安装隔膜泵; 或 /和在水培容器的四个角上的管槽中增加轮子 安装孔; 或 /和在容器外沿上增加固定水管的卡槽和固定导线的卡槽。
(b)水位调节装置包括水 ^控制导管(3 ), 微调导管或一种带虹吸管的导管, 或在 "水 位控制导管或 /和微调导管"的下端安装电磁阀;
在水位控制导管 (3 ) 的内壁上增加微调导管, 上下滑动套接的微调导管, 可改变水溢出 的垂直高度; 套接的微调导管是带褶皱紋的管子或硅胶管。
一种带虹吸管的导管,一种可产生潮汐作用的导管, 包括导管和虹吸管, 其特征是: 有循环的水流, 在导管内增加一根倒 J形虹吸管, 虹吸管可弯曲, 让虹吸管的最高位置 低于导管的溢出水位, 导管口上部管壁上有圆形槽或孔, 虹吸管卡入或插入圆形槽或孔 中; 或把导管和虹吸管合并为一根潮汐管, 直接套接在水位控制导管 (3 ) 的内壁上, 在 潮汐管的管头加一个过滤头; 或把导管和虹吸管分开安装。
在 "水位控制导管或 /和微调导管"的下端安装电磁阀。
(c)水中苔藓和幼虫自动清理装置, 在盆体底部布满"围栏式 "的渠道; 或呈重叠的" Z 字型或 U字型或圆周型或 UZ组合型"渠道, 达到水循环没有死角, 或 /和让渠道底部凹 下去, 呈三角尖型或弧型底; 或 /和让渠道底部有高低落差。
(E) "种植装置框架"之溢出水的回收装置, 上层水培容器(23 )和下层水培容器 (23 ) 中间无固定的导管连接, 既用防溅绳或导流绳或回水管 引导溢出水从上层水位控制导管
(3 ) 中自然流到下层水培容器中, 实现无固定连接的溢出水回收;
(F) "种植装置框架"之货架, 可安放种植装置单元和回收容器 (15) 的货架;
(G) "种植装置框架"之回收容器, 容器中有过滤装置;
(H) "种植装置框架"之控制系统, 包括智能控制模块(20)和传感器(18), 能定时泵 水或 /和控制电磁阀, 或发出 PH值偏离告警;
(I) "种植装置框架"之动力系统, 包括水泵(16)、 输水管(17)、 太阳能系统或市电变 压器; 可选用小功率隔膜泵来泵水, 小功率隔膜泵安装在水培容器的盆沿上或回收容器 的盆沿上。
(J) "种植装置框架"支持的种植方式组件包括:
(a) —种有脚的平底育苗盘, 包括平底育苗盘和柱状脚, 其特征在于: 盘面小, 盘底有 脚; 或平底育苗盘的脚可以与平底育苗盘分离, 其底部有固定柱状脚的孔槽, 柱状脚直 接插入孔槽中固定; 或 /和平底育苗盘的底部有多种直径的孔, 方便多种直径柱状脚的固 定; 或 /和通过插入不同长度的柱状脚调整平底育苗盘的高度;
(b)一种可调节高度的三角架, 包括三脚架上的环和三脚架上的脚, 其特征是三脚架可 以有多个脚, 脚的底部有孔, 调节高度时, 需要在脚底的孔中插入牙签或签状物;
(c)一种方形营养片, 包括肥料、 固体基质和网状织物, 其特征是高度成薄扁型, 平面 成方形或长方形或多边形;
(d)一种营养钵, 包括营养体和孔, 其特征在于: 营养体是海绵或基质, 在海绵体或基 质上有多个小直径的孔, 或 /和海绵营养钵中心孔到海绵体边沿有一条长缝; 、 一种支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器, 包括水培容器和水位控制导管, 其特征是: 在水培 容器的底部或壁上开一个孔,在孔中装一根水位控制导管, 水位控制导管可套接微调导管 或一种带虹吸管的导管或下接电磁阀。
、 根据权利要求 2所述的一种支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器, 其特征是: 在水位控制导管 中套接微调导管, 套接的微调导管是带褶皱纹的管子或硅胶管, 带褶皱纹的管子或硅胶管 的直径具有可收缩和膨胀特性, 方便微调导管在水位控制导管 (3 ) 的壁上 上下滑动,同 时保持密闭性。
、 根据权利要求 2所述的一种支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器, 其特征是: 在水位控制导管 中套接一种带虹吸管的导管, 既在导管内增加一根倒 J形虹吸管, 虹吸管可弯曲, 让虹吸 管的最高位置低于导管的溢出水位, 导管口上部管壁上有圆形槽或孔, 虹吸管卡入或插入 圆形槽或孔中; 或把导管和虹吸管合并为一根潮汐管, 直接套接在水位控制导管 (3 ) 的 内壁上, 在潮汐管的管头加一个过滤头; 或把导管和虹吸管分开安装。 、 根据权利要求 2所述的一种支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器, 其特征是: 在水位控制导管
(3 )下安装电磁阀; 或 /和再在电磁阀边上增加一个水位控制导管和微调导管, 实现双管 导流。 、 根据权利要求 2所述的一种支持多种灌溉方式的水培容器, 其特征是: 在容器底部布满 "围栏式"的渠道, 或呈重叠的 "Z字型或 U字型或圆周型或 UZ组合型"渠道或槽; 或 /和在容器外底面增加带孔的突起, 即增加补光灯挂接支架, 支架还可用来挂接喷淋头; 或 /和在水培容器的盆沿上增加孔来安装隔膜泵; 或 /和在水培容器的四个角上的管槽中增 加轮子安装孔; 或 /和在容器外沿上增加固定水管的卡槽和固定导线的卡槽, 卡槽上还可 挂塑料膜或布, 构成小温室或芽菜暗房。 、 一种带虹吸管的导管, 可产生潮汐作用的导管, 包括导管和虹吸管, 其特征是: 在导管 内增加一根倒 J形虹吸管, 虹吸管可弯曲, 让虹吸管的最高位置低于导管的溢出水位,导 管口上部管壁上有圆形槽或孔,虹吸管卡入或插入圆形槽或孔中;或把导管和虹吸管合并 为一根潮汐管, 直接套接在水位控制导管(3 )的内壁上, 在潮汐管的管头加一个过滤头; 或把导管和虹吸管分开安装。 · 、 一种水中苔藓和幼虫自动清理装置, 其特征是: 在盆体底部布满 "围栏式 "的渠道, 或 呈重叠的 " Z字型或 U字型或圆周型或 UZ组合型"渠道, 达到水循环没有死角, 或 /和 让渠道底部凹下去, 呈三角尖型或弧型底; 或 /和让渠道底部有高低落差。 、 一种可调节高度的三角架, 包括三脚架上的环和三脚架上的脚, 其特征是三脚架可以有 多个脚, 脚的底部有孔, 调节高度时, 需要在脚底的孔中插入牙签或签状物。 、 一种有脚的平底育苗盘,包括平底育苗盘和柱状脚,其特征在于:盘面小,盘底有脚; 或平底育苗盘的脚可以与平底育苗盘分离, 既平底育苗盘的底部有固定柱状脚的孔槽,柱 状脚直接插入孔槽中固定; 可通过插入不同长度的柱状脚调整平底育苗盘的高度。 '
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