WO2012167592A1 - 粉煤灰浮选工艺以及浮选设备 - Google Patents

粉煤灰浮选工艺以及浮选设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012167592A1
WO2012167592A1 PCT/CN2011/084979 CN2011084979W WO2012167592A1 WO 2012167592 A1 WO2012167592 A1 WO 2012167592A1 CN 2011084979 W CN2011084979 W CN 2011084979W WO 2012167592 A1 WO2012167592 A1 WO 2012167592A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flotation
gas
section
plate
ash
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/084979
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许闽清
Original Assignee
福建省龙岩龙能粉煤灰综合利用有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201110157667.9A external-priority patent/CN102284370B/zh
Priority claimed from CN2011201975015U external-priority patent/CN202113946U/zh
Application filed by 福建省龙岩龙能粉煤灰综合利用有限公司 filed Critical 福建省龙岩龙能粉煤灰综合利用有限公司
Priority to US14/125,242 priority Critical patent/US20140202932A1/en
Publication of WO2012167592A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012167592A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03DFLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00Flotation
    • B03D1/14Flotation machines
    • B03D1/24Pneumatic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03DFLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00Flotation
    • B03D1/02Froth-flotation processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03DFLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2203/00Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; Specified applications
    • B03D2203/02Ores
    • B03D2203/04Non-sulfide ores
    • B03D2203/08Coal ores, fly ash or soot

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fly ash flotation process and flotation apparatus, and more particularly to a turbulent fly ash flotation process and flotation apparatus. Background technique
  • Fly ash is one of the main wastes of coal power generation, but fly ash contains a large amount of unburned carbon particles, which can be used as raw materials for the production of activated carbon after flotation.
  • the prior art has a flotation process of fly ash and a flotation device, such as a Chinese patent.
  • the present invention provides a turbulent fly ash flotation process comprising the following steps:
  • the flotation agent used in the step 1 may be a pine oil or a carbon octahydrocarbon or any other type of flotation agent, and the collector used may be light diesel oil or diesel oil or the like.
  • the addition of flotation agent and/or collector is not necessary and is not a key invention of the present invention; depending on the specific conditions of the fly ash material, sometimes no flotation agent or collector may be added. 1-4.
  • the total amount of the fly ash raw material may be 0. 10%.
  • the gas blown upward in the step 3 is a gas having a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, preferably a gas having a gauge pressure of 1-6 atmospheres, more preferably 1-2 atmospheres.
  • the main component of the fly ash is carbon particles and ash
  • the particles in the fly ash come into contact with the bubble and collide with each other.
  • the floatable carbon particles selectively adhere to the bubbles and are carried up to achieve flotation, while the poorly floatable ash sinks.
  • the upwardly blown gas is in a turbulent state, the contact time of the carbon particles with the bubbles is long, the contact is more sufficient, and the probability of the fly ash particles being broken into carbon particles and ash particles is greatly increased, thereby making the float
  • the selection effect is better and the flotation efficiency is higher.
  • the flotation plate of the first flotation device may be a single layer or a plurality of layers, preferably a plurality of layers, for example, 2-5 layers; wherein, the step 4 collects the flotation plate that passes upward through the first flotation device.
  • the particulate matter is the particulate matter that passes through the uppermost flotation plate of the first flotation device.
  • the turbulent state is formed by forming a plurality of upwardly directed streams of gas at different angles in the first flotation apparatus.
  • a diffusing device may be disposed in the first flotation device, and the diffusing device is provided with a plurality of air holes on the surface thereof, the plurality of air holes are disposed to point obliquely upward at different angles, thereby being available in the first flotation A turbulent state is formed in the device.
  • the direction or angle of the plurality of air pipes or air holes provided is the same according to the prior art, only the swirling state can be formed, and the swirling state is not favorable for flotation, even The purpose of flotation cannot be achieved at all.
  • the particulate matter that has not passed upward through the flotation plate is transported to the container of the mixed material in step 1 so that the particulate matter that has not passed upward through the flotation plate re-enters the first flotation device for flotation, and further Improve the utilization of raw materials.
  • This method is an external circulation flotation method.
  • Flotation This is the so-called inner loop flotation method.
  • an ultrasonic separation device or an ultrasonic breaking device is used in the first flotation device to increase the peeling of carbon particles and ash by emitting ultrasonic waves, for example, to form ultrafine carbon having a particle size of about 10,000 mesh. Particles.
  • the ultrasonic separation device or the ultrasonic breaking device includes an ultrasonic transmitter and associated auxiliary devices.
  • the first flotation device is provided with a reflecting surface such that the emitting surface can be various shapes such as a flat, spherical, tip-up cone.
  • a downward gas is introduced into the mixture to make the mixture fall smoothly and control the rate of falling.
  • the gas is a gas having a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, preferably a gauge pressure of 1-6 atmospheres. More preferably, it is a gas of 1-2 atmospheres. .
  • the above process flow can be referred to as first stage flotation.
  • the carbon particles obtained by the first stage flotation can be used as a raw material for many purposes, for example, as a raw material for preparing activated carbon.
  • the floated carbon particles can be subjected to second-stage flotation to obtain a higher quality raw material for preparing activated carbon or the like.
  • the second level of flotation includes the following specific steps:
  • the flotation device used in steps 1, 2, 3, and 4 is the first flotation device, step 5.
  • the flotation device used in 6, 7 is the second flotation device.
  • the gas in 6 is a gas having a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, and is preferably a gas having a gauge pressure of 1-6 atm, more preferably 1-2 atm.
  • the following steps are further included between the steps 4 and 5: adding a flotation agent and/or a collector and/or other auxiliary agent to the particulate matter obtained in the step 4; wherein, the floating The selected agent is pine oil or carbon octarene, and the collector is light diesel or diesel.
  • a reflective surface is provided in the second flotation device such that particles falling from above in 5 and particles falling downward through the flotation plate are reflected upward.
  • the reflecting surface may be various shapes such as a flat surface, a spherical surface, and a tip-shaped cone.
  • a downward gas is introduced into the particle to make it fall smoothly and control the falling speed.
  • the gas is pressure.
  • the gas above atmospheric pressure is preferably a gas having a gauge pressure of from 1 to 6 atmospheres, more preferably from 1 to 2 atmospheres.
  • the flotation plate of the second flotation device may be a plurality of layers, for example, 2-5 layers; wherein, the particles collected by the flotation plate up to the second flotation device collected in step 4 are passed through the second flotation Particulate matter of the uppermost flotation plate of the equipment.
  • the present invention also provides a fly ash flotation separation apparatus with a turbulent diffuser, comprising a vertically disposed cylinder located at the top of the cylinder The overflow collecting section and the tail ash collecting section at the bottom of the cylinder; the overflow collecting section is provided with a discharge port, and the tail ash collecting section is provided with a tail ash outlet; the flotation separation apparatus further comprises:
  • the multi-layer flotation plate is arranged in the cylinder body at intervals.
  • the flotation plate has a plurality of holes; the flotation plate has two functions: one is to layer different materials having different buoyancy; the other is to pass the flotation plate.
  • the aperture of the hole on the hole limits the size of the bubble.
  • the pores of the flotation plate have a pore diameter of 0.5 cm - 5 cm, and the flotation plate can be made of metal, various plastics or other materials, and specifically may be 2-30 layers, for example, two layers, three layers or four. a layer, wherein the bottom flotation plate is located above the diffuser;
  • the distributing device is a container having a plurality of distribution pipes at a lower or bottom end, and the end of the distribution pipe is located between the diffusing device and the bottom flotation plate; the gas supply device, the gas supply device
  • the first gas conduit is in communication with a plurality of air holes on the diffuser.
  • the purpose of the cone-shaped diffusing device is as follows: 1. The air bubbles combined with the carbon particles are reflected by the cone-shaped diffusing device to more angles, and the reflection effect is better than the plane reflection; 2. The air diffusing device jets, The driving bubble floats in the cylinder in a turbulent state to achieve better flotation effect. 3. The bubbles that have not passed through the flotation plate are reflected by the cone-shaped diffuser, thereby aggravating the effect of turbulent motion and improving the effect. Flotation rate.
  • the upwardly blown gas is in a turbulent state, the contact time of the carbon particles with the bubbles is long, the contact is more sufficient, and the probability of the fly ash particles being broken into carbon particles and ash particles is greatly increased, thereby making the float
  • the selection effect is better and the flotation efficiency is higher.
  • the cone angle of the cone-shaped diffuser is 60° -150° (the cone angle is the cross section of the shaft and the surface of the cone surface The angle between the lines of intersection).
  • different cone angles can be selected according to different materials, for example, CFB fly ash adopts a 90° cone angle.
  • the gas supply means is connected to one or more second gas lines which lead into the distribution means or to the distribution line.
  • the second gas pipe may be one, leading to the distribution device; or may be multiple pieces, respectively connected to each Strip distribution pipeline.
  • the fly ash particles located in the distribution device can be driven by the gas to accelerate through the distribution pipe into the cylinder, thereby improving the efficiency of the flotation.
  • the negative pressure generated by the venturi drives the downward flow of the material in the distribution device, the high pressure gas can be reduced through the gas pipeline, and the energy consumption can be reduced, and the amount of material and viscosity can be adjusted according to the material. Gas pressure, which in turn increases product accuracy.
  • the flotation separation apparatus further comprises physical separation means located on the wall or diffuser of the flotation separation apparatus.
  • the physical separating means may specifically be an ultrasonic separating means or an ultrasonic breaking means for increasing the peeling of carbon particles and ash by emitting ultrasonic waves, for example, forming ultrafine carbon particles having a particle size of 10,000 mesh.
  • the ultrasonic separation device or ultrasonic breaking device comprises an ultrasonic transmitter and associated auxiliary device.
  • the barrel includes a thinner first flotation section at the upper portion and a thicker second flotation section at the lower portion, the overflow collection section being located outside the first flotation section, And the bottom end of the overflow collection section is lower than the top end of the first flotation section for collecting particulate matter overflowing from the flotation section.
  • the overflow collecting section may be a cylindrical container having a hole in the bottom plate, and the top end of the first flotation section is passed out from the hole in the bottom plate, so that the flotation particles in the flotation section continuously pile up upward, Flowing over the wall of the flotation section into the overflow collection section; for example, the top outer wall of the first flotation section is provided with an overflow hole or an overflow pipe, and the overflow collection section is located at the overflow hole or overflow The container below the tube.
  • a diffusion cone segment serving as a transition region is disposed between the first flotation segment and the second flotation segment, and the diffusion cone segment is located above the bottom flotation plate, and specifically may be located in two layers of flotation Between the plates, for example between the bottom flotation plate and the upper flotation plate adjacent thereto.
  • the flotation separation device is added with a reflecting surface, thereby slowing down the bubble speed from the bottom and adjusting its moving direction.
  • the tail ash outlet is connected with a tail ash pipe, which is directly or indirectly connected to the distribution device, so that the tail ash re-enters the flotation separation device for flotation, thereby improving fly ash The flotation rate.
  • the flotation separation apparatus further includes a stocking device, the lower or bottom end of which is provided with a feed conduit that leads to the dispensing device.
  • the fly ash to be floated is added with a chemical such as a flotation agent in the storage device, and then enters the distribution device through a feed pipe located at the lower or bottom end of the storage device.
  • a stirring device may be arranged in the stocking device for fully stirring the fly ash raw material slurry and the flotation agent.
  • the tail ash conduit can be connected to a hopper.
  • a tail ash tank may be arranged between the tail ash outlet and the storage device (the tail level is used to adjust the liquid level in the flotation separation device), and the tail ash pipe is first connected from the tail ash outlet to the tail ash box, and then from the tail The gray box leads to the storage device.
  • a slurry pump is provided on the feed pipe for pumping the material in the storage device into the distribution device.
  • the height of the end of the tail ash pipe is above the top flotation plate, and the end of the tail ash pipe is provided with a liquid level adjusting device for adjusting the height of the end of the tail ash pipe. Thereby adjusting the liquid level in the flotation separation device.
  • the cylinder is a cylinder or a square cylinder. Reflections can be formed at the corners of the square tube, and the distribution of particles and bubbles in the cylinder is more uniform.
  • a filter plate can be placed above the tail ash collection section of the cylinder to slow down the material.
  • DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a flow chart of the fly ash flotation process of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a longitudinal section of an embodiment of a flotation separation apparatus for carrying out the primary flotation of the method of the present invention along its central axis;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a longitudinal section of an embodiment of a flotation separation system for carrying out the secondary flotation of the method of the present invention along its central axis;
  • the fly ash flotation process of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • step 2 in the flotation apparatus, the first mixture obtained in step 1 is dropped from the upper portion;
  • step 5 adding the flotation agent to the particulate matter obtained in step 4 to form a second mixture
  • a fly ash flotation separation apparatus for realizing first stage flotation, comprising: a storage device 1, a distribution device 2, a vertically arranged square cylinder 3, a cone-shaped diffuser 4, multi-layer flotation plate 5, gas supply device 6, physical separation device such as ultrasonic separation device 8, ash tank 10 (using the tail ash to adjust the liquid level in the tower), filter plate 9, overflow collection section 301, tail Ash collection section 305.
  • the vertically arranged square cylinder 3 can be divided into three parts, from top to bottom: first floating section 302.
  • the first flotation section 302 is relatively thin, and a flotation plate 5 is disposed therein.
  • the second flotation section 304 is relatively thick, and is provided with a cone-shaped diffuser 4 and a flotation plate 5.
  • the diffusion cone section 303 is located between the first flotation section 302 and the second flotation section 304 and is a cone-shaped transition region of the tip end.
  • the overflow collecting section 301 is located outside the first flotation section 302, and the top end of the first flotation section 302 is located between the top end and the bottom end of the overflow collecting section 301; in addition, the bottom end of the overflow collecting section 301 is provided Outlet 309.
  • the tail ash collecting section 305 is a tip-down cone shape, and a tail ash outlet 306 is provided at the bottom end of the tail, a tail ash pipe 307 is connected to the tail ash outlet 306, and a slurry pump 308 is disposed on the tail ash pipe 307.
  • a filter plate 9 is provided between the second flotation section 304 and the tail ash collection section 305.
  • the air diffusing device 4 has a tip-shaped upward cone shape with a cone angle of 120°, and a plurality of air holes 401 are disposed on the tapered surface thereof; the air diffusing portion is located in the second flotation section 304 and is located in the cone-shaped tail ash collecting section. Above 305.
  • the diffusing device 4 is provided with a plurality of ultrasonic separating devices 8.
  • the plurality of spaced (e.g., two) flotation plates 5 are disposed in the first flotation section 302 and the second flotation section 304, respectively, wherein the bottom flotation plate 5 is located above the cone-shaped diffuser 4.
  • the dispensing device 2 is located above the overflow collection section 301 and is a container in which a plurality of (e.g., eight) distribution pipes 201 are disposed at the lower portion.
  • the end of the distribution duct 201 is located within the second flotation section 304, between the cone-shaped diffuser 4 and the bottom flotation plate 5.
  • the storage device 1 is provided with a stirring device 101 for fully stirring the fly ash raw material slurry and the flotation agent.
  • the tail ash pipe 307 is first connected to the ash tank 10 from the tail ash outlet 306, and then leads from the ash box 10 to the storage device 1; the lower portion of the storage device 1 is provided with a feeding pipe 102, and the feeding pipe 102 is provided with a slurry Pump 103, the feed line 102 leads to the dispensing device 2.
  • the gas supply device 6 is connected to the first gas pipe 601 and the second gas pipe 602; wherein the first gas pipe 601 is in communication with the plurality of air holes 401 on the cone-shaped diffuser device 4, and the second gas pipe 602 is connected to the distribution device 2 .
  • Figure 3 shows a specific embodiment of a fly ash flotation separation system for achieving two-stage flotation, which adds a second stage flotation separation device to the first stage flotation separation equipment.
  • the second flotation separation device comprises: a storage device, a distribution device 2, a vertically arranged square cylinder 3, a cone-shaped reflective diffusing device 4, a multi-layer flotation plate 5, and a gas supply device 6, , a physical separation device such as an ultrasonic separation device 8, a filter plate 9, a ash tank 10, an overflow collection section 301, and a tail ash collection section 305.
  • the vertically arranged square cylinder 3 can be divided into three parts, from top to bottom: a first flotation section 302, a diffusion cone section 303, and a second flotation section 304.
  • the first flotation section 302 is thinner and has a layer of flotation plate 5 therein.
  • the second flotation section 304 which is thicker, is provided with a diffuser 4' and a flotation plate 5'.
  • the diffusion cone section 303' is located between the first flotation section 302' and the second flotation section 304, and is a cone-shaped transition region of the tip end.
  • the overflow collecting section 301 is located outside the first flotation section 302, and the top end of the first flotation section 302 is located between the top end and the bottom end of the overflow collecting section 301; in addition, the overflow collecting section 301, The bottom end is provided with a discharge port 309.
  • the tail ash collecting section 305 is a tip-down cone shape, and a tail ash outlet 306 is provided at a tip end thereof, a tail ash outlet 306 is connected with a tail ash pipe 307, and a tail ash pipe 307 is provided with a slag Slurry pump 308, .
  • a filter plate 9 is disposed between the second flotation section 304 and the tail ash collection section 305.
  • the air diffusing device 4 is in the shape of a tip-shaped cone, the cone angle is 120°, and a plurality of air holes 401 are arranged on the tapered surface thereof; the air floating device is located in the second floating section 304, and is located at the cone tail The ash collection section 305, above.
  • the air diffusing device 4' is provided with a plurality of ultrasonic separating devices 8, .
  • a plurality of multi-layer (for example, two layers) flotation plates 5 are disposed in the first flotation section 302 and the second flotation section 304', wherein the bottom flotation plate 5' is located in the cone-shaped diffuser 4 Above the '.
  • the dispensing device 2 is located above the overflow collecting section 301, and is provided with a plurality of lower parts (for example 8) The container for the distribution pipe 201.
  • the end of the distribution duct 201 is located between the second flotation section 304, the cone-shaped diffuser 4, and the bottom flotation plate 5.
  • the discharge port 309 of the first flotation separation device is connected to the discharge pipe 701, and the discharge pipe 701 is provided with a slurry pump 702.
  • the other end of the discharge conduit 701 is connected to the storage device of the second flotation separation device.
  • the storage device is provided with a stirring device 10 for fully stirring the fly ash raw material slurry and the flotation agent.
  • the tail ash pipe 307' is first connected to the ash tank 10 from the tail ash outlet 306', and then leads from the ash box 10 to the storage device ⁇ ; the lower portion of the storage device ⁇ is provided with a feeding pipe 102, and the feeding pipe 102 There is a slurry pump 103, and the feeding pipe 102 leads to the distributing device 2, .
  • the gas supply device 6 is connected to the first gas pipe 601 and the second gas pipe 602, wherein the first gas pipe 601 is connected to the plurality of air holes 401 on the cone-shaped diffuser 4, and the second gas pipe 602, leading to the distribution device 2, .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
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Abstract

公开了一种紊流式粉煤灰浮选工艺方法和浮选设备。浮选工艺包括如下步骤:①向粉煤灰原料中加入浮选剂和/或捕收剂,形成混合物料;②在浮选设备中使步骤①中所得的混合物料从上部下落;③在浮选设备中形成向上吹送的气体,该气体与步骤②中落下的混合物料形成逆流接触,而且该气体在向上运动的过程中呈紊流状态;④收集步骤③中气体向上运动而形成的通过浮选设备之浮选板的颗粒物。由于浮选工艺中向上吹送气泡及颗粒的气体呈紊流状态,因而浮选的效果更好,浮选率更高。

Description

粉 ¾ l浮选工艺以及浮选设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种粉煤灰浮选工艺以及浮选设备, 更具体地讲, 本发 明涉及一种紊流式粉煤灰浮选工艺和浮选设备。 背景技术
粉煤灰是煤发电的主要废物之一,但粉煤灰中含有大量未燃烧的 碳颗粒, 经浮选后, 可用作制造活性炭的原料。
现有技术已有粉煤灰的浮选工艺以及浮选设备, 例如中国专利
200810143173. 3和中国专利 99115444. 4中所公开的浮选工艺、 中国 专利 200810031474. 7中所公开的粉煤灰专用浮选柱等。但现有技术存在 浮选效果差, 浮选率低。 发明内容
针对现有技术的缺点, 本发明的目的是提供一种粉煤灰浮选工艺和 浮选设备, 其以紊流状态的气体驱动浮选设备内的气泡及颗粒运动。
一方面, 为了实现本发明的目的, 本发明提供了一种紊流式粉煤灰 浮选工艺方法, 其包括如下步骤:
① 向粉煤灰原料中加入浮选剂和 /或捕收剂和 /或其它助剂,形成混 合物料;
② 在第一浮选设备中使步骤①中所得的混合物料从第一浮选设备 的上部下落;
③ 在第一浮选设备中形成向上吹送的气体,该气体与步骤②中落下 的混合物料形成逆流接触,而且该气体在向上运动的过程中呈紊流状态; ④ 收集步骤③中向上通过第一浮选设备之浮选板的颗粒物。
本发明中, 步骤①中所使用的浮选剂可以为松醇油或碳八芳烃或其 它任何类型的浮选剂, 所使用的捕收剂可以为轻质柴油或柴油等。 实际 上, 浮选剂和 /或捕收剂的添加并不是必要的, 也不是本发明的关键发明 点; 根据粉煤灰原料的具体情况, 有时也可以不添加任何浮选剂或捕收 剂; 但是, 为了提高浮选效率, 优选添加少量的浮选剂和 /或捕收剂, 例 如所添加的浮选剂和捕收剂的总量可以为粉煤灰原料总重量的 0. 1-10%。
本发明中, 步骤③中向上吹送的气体为压力高于大气压的气体, 优 选为表压 1-6个大气压、 更优选 1-2个大气压的气体。
在本发明的工艺方法中, 由于粉煤灰的主要成分为碳颗粒及灰分, 加入浮选剂和 /或捕收剂和 /或其它助剂后, 粉煤灰中的颗粒与气泡接 触、 碰撞, 可浮性好的碳颗粒选择性地粘附于气泡, 并被携带上升, 实现浮选, 而可浮性差的灰分则向下沉。
特别地, 由于在本发明中, 向上吹送的气体呈紊流状态, 碳颗粒与 气泡的接触时间长, 接触更加充分, 粉煤灰颗粒破碎为碳颗粒和灰分颗 粒的几率大大增加, 从而使得浮选效果更好, 浮选效率更高。
在本发明中, 第一浮选设备的浮选板可以为单层或多层, 优选多层, 例如 2-5层; 其中, 步骤④ 所收集的向上通过第一浮选设备之浮选板的 颗粒物为通过第一浮选设备之最上层浮选板的颗粒物。
根据本发明的一具体实施方式, 紊流状态是通过使气体在第一浮选 设备中形成角度不同的多股向上气流而形成的。 例如, 可在第一浮选设 备内设置散气装置, 该散气装置的表面上设有多个气孔, 该多个气孔设 置为各自以不同的角度指向斜上方, 从而可在第一浮选设备内形成紊流 状态。 相反, 如果按照现有技术, 所设置的多个气管或气孔的方向或角 度相同, 则只能形成旋流状态, 而旋流状态是不利于进行浮选的, 甚至 根本实现不了浮选的目的。
根据本发明另一具体实施方式, 未向上通过浮选板的颗粒物则输送 到步骤①中混合物料的容器, 以使未向上通过浮选板的颗粒物再次进入 第一浮选设备进行浮选, 进而提高原料的利用率。 这种方式是一种外循 环的浮选方法。 当然, 也可以将未向上通过浮选板的颗粒物泵至第一浮 选设备上部, 使其单独地或者与步骤①的混合物料一起地从第一浮选设 备的上部或顶部下落, 以便再次进行浮选; 这是所谓的内循环的浮选方 法。
根据本发明另一具体实施方式, 第一浮选设备中使用超声分离装置 或超声破散装置, 通过发射超声波提高碳颗粒和灰分的剥离, 例如, 形 成粒度达一万目左右的超细的碳颗粒。 具体而言, 该超声分离装置或超 声破散装置包括超声波发射器及配套的辅助装置。
根据本发明另一具体实施方式, 第一浮选设备中设置反射面, 使得 射面可为, 例如平面、 球面、 尖端向上的锥斗等各种形状。
根据本发明另一具体实施方式, 在混合物料通入向下的气体, 以使 混合物料顺利下落并控制下落的速度,该气体为压力高于大气压的气体, 优选为表压 1-6个大气压、 更优选 1-2个大气压的气体。。
上述工艺流程可以称为第一级浮选。 第一级浮选所得到的碳颗粒就 可以作为许多用途的原料, 例如作为制备活性炭的原料。 但是, 为了得 到粒度更小、 精度更高的碳颗粒, 可对浮选出的碳颗粒再进行第二级浮 选, 以得到更优质的制备活性炭等用途的原料。 第二级浮选包括如下的 具体步骤:
⑤ 在第二浮选设备中使步骤④中所得的颗粒物从上部下落;
⑥ 在第二浮选设备中形成向上吹送的气体,该气体与步骤⑤中落下 的颗粒物形成逆流接触, 而且该气体在向上运动的过程中呈紊流状态; ⑦ 收集步骤⑥中向上通过所述第二浮选设备之浮选板的颗粒物。 步骤①、 ②、 ③、 ④中所用的浮选设备为第一浮选设备, 步骤⑤、
⑥、 ⑦中所用的浮选设备为第二浮选设备。 ⑥中的气体为压力高于大气 压的气体, 优选为表压 1-6个大气压、 更优选 1-2个大气压的气体。
根据本发明另一具体实施方式, 在步骤④、 ⑤之间还包括如下步骤: 向步骤④中所得的颗粒物加入浮选剂和 /或捕收剂和 /或其它助剂;其中, 采用的浮选剂为松醇油或碳八芳烃等, 捕收剂为轻质柴油或柴油等。
类似地, 第二浮选设备中设置反射面, 使得⑤中自上方落下的颗粒 及向下穿过浮选板的颗粒发生向上的反射。 该反射面可为, 例如平面、 球面、 尖端向上的锥斗等各种形状; 步骤⑤中, 向颗粒内通入向下的气 体, 以使其顺利下落并控制下落的速度, 该气体为压力高于大气压的气 体, 优选为表压 1-6个大气压、 更优选 1-2个大气压的气体。
类似地, 第二浮选设备的浮选板可以为多层, 例如, 2-5层; 其中, 步骤④ 所收集的向上通过第二浮选设备之浮选板的颗粒物为通过第二 浮选设备之最上层浮选板的颗粒物。
在上述第一浮选设备和第二浮选设备的底部则收集粉煤灰浮选后所 形成的灰分。 另一方面, 为了实现本发明的目的, 本发明还提供了一种带有紊流 式散气装置的粉煤灰浮选分离设备, 其包括竖直设置的筒体, 位于该筒 体顶部的溢流收集段和位于该筒体底部的尾灰收集段; 溢流收集段设有 出料口, 尾灰收集段设有尾灰出口; 该浮选分离设备进一步包括:
位于筒体内的散气装置, 该散气装置的表面较大, 用于对气泡及颗 粒进行反射; 为了增强反射效果, 该散气装置为尖端向上的锥斗状; 散 气装置的锥面上设有多个气孔, 该多个气孔设置为各自以不同的角度指 向斜上方, 以使筒体内的物料形成紊流;
位于筒体内、 间隔设置的多层浮选板, 浮选板上有多个孔; 该浮选 板的作用有两个: 一是使具有不同浮力的不同物料分层; 二是通过浮选 板上的孔的孔径限制气泡的大小。 浮选板上的孔的孔径为 0. 5厘米 -5厘 米, 浮选板可为金属、 各种塑料或其它材料制成, 其具体可为 2-30层, 例如两层、 三层或四层, 其中底层浮选板位于散气装置的上方;
位于溢流收集段上部的分配装置, 分配装置为下部或底端设置有多 条分配管道的容器, 分配管道的末端位于散气装置及底层浮选板之间; 供气装置, 该供气装置通过第一气体管道与散气装置上的多个气孔 连通。
设置锥斗状的散气装置的目的在于: 1、 结合有碳颗粒的气泡被锥斗 状的散气装置向更多的角度反射, 其反射效果优于平面反射; 2、 散气装 置喷气, 驱动气泡以紊流状态在筒体内四散漂浮, 达到更好的浮选效果; 3、 未穿过浮选板的气泡被锥斗状散气装置反射, 从而加剧了紊流运动的 效果, 提高了浮选率。
特别地, 由于在本发明中, 向上吹送的气体呈紊流状态, 碳颗粒与 气泡的接触时间长, 接触更加充分, 粉煤灰颗粒破碎为碳颗粒和灰分颗 粒的几率大大增加, 从而使得浮选效果更好, 浮选效率更高。
根据本发明的一具体实施方式, 为了达到更好的反射效果, 该锥斗 状散气装置的锥斗角度为 60° -150° (锥斗角度为过轴的截面与锥斗表 面的两条交线之间的角度)。 其具体可根据不同的物料, 选择不同的锥斗 角度, 如 CFB粉煤灰采用 90° 的锥斗角度。
根据本发明的另一具体实施方式, 供气装置连接有一条或多条第二 气体管道, 该第二气体管道通向分配装置内或连接到分配管道。 例如该 第二气体管道可为一条, 通向分配装置内; 也可为多条, 分别连接到每 条分配管道。 这样, 可通过气体驱动位于分配装置内的粉煤灰颗粒加速 通过分配管道进入筒体, 进而提高浮选的效率。 相对于现有技术中以文 丘里管产生的负压驱动分配装置中的物料向下流动的技术方案, 通过气 体管道输送高压气体既可以降低能耗, 又可以根据物料的多少及粘稠度 调节气体压力, 进而提高产品精度。
根据本发明的另一具体实施方式, 浮选分离设备还包括位于浮选分 离设备的筒壁或散气装置上的物理分离装置。 通过设置物理分离装置, 有效地打破碳颗粒与灰分之间的结合, 大大提高了碳的浮选率。 该物理 分离装置具体可为超声分离装置或超声破散装置, 通过发射超声波提高 碳颗粒和灰分的剥离, 例如, 形成粒度达一万目的超细的碳颗粒。 具体 而言, 该超声分离装置或超声破散装置包括超声波发射器及配套的辅助 装置。
根据本发明的另一具体实施方式, 筒体包括位于上部的较细的第一 浮选段和位于下部的较粗的第二浮选段, 溢流收集段位于第一浮选段的 外部, 且溢流收集段的底端低于第一浮选段的顶端, 用于收集从浮选段 溢流出的颗粒物。 例如, 溢流收集段可为底板上有孔的圓柱形容器, 第 一浮选段的顶端从其底板上的孔穿出, 这样, 浮选段内浮选出的颗粒物 不断地向上堆积, 就越过浮选段的筒壁流进溢流收集段内; 又如, 第一 浮选段的顶部外壁上设有溢流孔或溢流管, 溢流收集段为位于该溢流孔 或溢流管下方的容器。 具体而言, 第一浮选段和所述第二浮选段之间设 有用作过渡区域的扩散锥体段, 该扩散锥体段位于底层浮选板的上方, 具体可位于两层浮选板之间, 例如位于底层浮选板和与其相邻的上一层 浮选板之间。 通过设置扩散锥体段, 使浮选分离设备增加了反射面, 进 而使自下方沖上来的气泡速度减緩并调整其运动方向, 这样做的优点在 于: 1、 通过反射加剧气泡的紊流运动效果; 2、 避免气泡沿着筒壁沖向 浮选分离设备的顶部而使顶部的溢流面不够平整。
根据本发明的另一具体实施方式, 尾灰出口连接有尾灰管道, 该尾 灰管道直接或间接通向分配装置, 以使尾灰重新进入浮选分离设备进行 浮选, 从而提高粉煤灰的浮选率。
根据本发明的另一具体实施方式, 浮选分离设备还包括储料装置, 该储料装置的下部或底端设有送料管道, 该送料管道通向分配装置。 待 浮选的粉煤灰在储料装置里添加浮选剂等化学药剂, 然后经位于储料装 置的下部或底端的送料管道进入分配装置。储料装置内可设有搅拌装置, 用于将粉煤灰原料浆和浮选剂充分搅拌。 在该实施方式中, 尾灰管道可 连接到储料装置。 因为从尾灰管道出来的物料继续进行浮选时, 通常需 要添加浮选剂等化学药剂, 而在分配装置中不便于添加或添加时控制不 好比例, 返回储料装置能够很好地解决这个问题。 另外, 尾灰出口和储 料装置之间可设有尾灰箱 (利用尾灰调节浮选分离设备内的液面高度), 尾灰管道先从尾灰出口连接到尾灰箱, 再从尾灰箱通向储料装置。 送料 管道上设有渣浆泵, 用于将储料装置内的物料泵送到分配装置内。
根据本发明的另一具体实施方式, 尾灰管道的末端的高度位于顶层 浮选板之上, 且该尾灰管道的末端设有液面调节装置, 用于调节尾灰管 道的末端的高度, 从而调节浮选分离设备内的液面高度。
根据本发明的另一具体实施方式, 筒体为圓筒或方筒。 方筒的拐角 处能形成反射, 而圓筒内的颗粒及气泡的分布更加均匀。 另外, 筒体内 尾灰收集段的上方可以设置过滤板, 以减緩物料的下行速度。 与现有技术相比, 由于本发明中向上吹送气泡及颗粒的气体呈紊流 状态, 因而浮选的效果更好, 浮选率更高。
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
附图说明 图 1是本发明粉煤灰浮选工艺的流程图;
图 2是实现本发明方法的一级浮选的浮选分离设备的实施例沿着其 中轴线的纵向截面的结构示意图;
图 3是实现本发明方法的二级浮选的浮选分离系统的实施例沿着其 中轴线的纵向截面的结构示意图; 具体实施方式
如图 1所示, 本发明的粉煤灰浮选工艺, 包括如下步骤:
① 向粉煤灰原料中加入浮选剂, 形成第一混合物料;
② 在浮选设备中使步骤①中所得的第一混合物料从上部下落;
③ 在浮选设备中形成向上吹送的气体,该气体与步骤②中落下的第 一混合物料形成逆流接触,而且该气体在向上运动的过程中呈紊流状态;
④ 收集步骤③中向上通过浮选设备之浮选板的颗粒物;
⑤ 向步骤④中所得的颗粒物加入浮选剂, 形成第二混合物料;
⑥ 在浮选设备中使步骤⑤中所得的第二混合物料从上部下落;
⑦ 在浮选设备中形成向上吹送的气体,该气体与步骤⑥中落下的第 二混合物料形成逆流接触, 而且该气体在向上运动的过程中呈紊流 状态;
⑧ 收集步骤⑦中向上通过浮选设备之浮选板的颗粒物。
图 2所示为实现一级浮选的粉煤灰浮选分离设备的具体实施例, 其 包括: 储料装置 1、 分配装置 2、 竖直设置的方筒体 3、 锥斗状散气装置 4、 多层浮选板 5、 供气装置 6、 物理分离装置如超声分离装置 8、 尾灰 箱 10 (利用尾灰调节塔内液面高度)、 过滤板 9、 溢流收集段 301、 尾灰 收集段 305。
竖直设置的方筒体 3可分为三部分, 从上到下依次为: 第一浮选段 302、 扩散锥体段 303、 第二浮选段 304。 其中, 第一浮选段 302较细, 其内设有一层浮选板 5。 第二浮选段 304较粗, 其内设有锥斗状散气装 置 4和一层浮选板 5。 扩散锥体段 303位于第一浮选段 302和第二浮选 段 304之间, 为尖端向上的锥斗状的过渡区域。
溢流收集段 301位于第一浮选段 302的外部, 且第一浮选段 302的 顶端位于溢流收集段 301的顶端和底端之间; 另外, 溢流收集段 301的 底端设有出料口 309。
尾灰收集段 305为尖端向下的锥斗状, 且其底部尖端处设有尾灰出 口 306 , 尾灰出口 306连接有尾灰管道 307 , 尾灰管道 307上设有渣浆泵 308。 在第二浮选段 304和尾灰收集段 305之间设有过滤板 9。
散气装置 4为尖端向上的锥斗状, 其锥斗角度为 120° , 其锥面上 设有多个气孔 401 ; 其位于第二浮选段 304 内, 且位于锥斗状尾灰收集 段 305上方。 散气装置 4上设有多个超声分离装置 8。
间隔设置的多层(例如两层)浮选板 5分别位于第一浮选段 302和 第二浮选段 304内, 其中底层浮选板 5位于锥斗状散气装置 4的上方。
分配装置 2位于溢流收集段 301上方, 为下部设置有多条(例如 8 条)分配管道 201的容器。 分配管道 201的末端位于第二浮选段 304之 内、 锥斗状散气装置 4和底层浮选板 5之间。
储料装置 1 内设有搅拌装置 101 , 用于将粉煤灰原料浆和浮选剂充 分搅拌。 尾灰管道 307先从尾灰出口 306连接到尾灰箱 10 , 再从尾灰箱 10通向储料装置 1 ; 储料装置 1的下部设有送料管道 102 , 送料管道 102 上设有渣浆泵 103 , 该送料管道 102通向分配装置 2。
供气装置 6连接第一气体管道 601及第二气体管道 602 ; 其中, 第 一气体管道 601与锥斗状散气装置 4上的多个气孔 401连通, 第二气体 管道 602通向分配装置 2。 图 3所示为实现二级浮选的粉煤灰浮选分离系统的具体实施例, 其 在第一级浮选分离设备的基础上加入第二级浮选分离设备。 第二浮选分 离设备包括: 储料装置 、 分配装置 2, 、 竖直设置的方筒体 3, 、 锥 斗状反射散气装置 4, 、 多层浮选板 5, 、 供气装置 6, 、 物理分离装置 如超声波分离装置 8, 、 过滤板 9, 、 尾灰箱 10, 、 溢流收集段 301, 、 尾灰收集段 305, 。
竖直设置的方筒体 3, 可分为三部分, 从上到下依次为: 第一浮选 段 302, 、扩散锥体段 303, 、第二浮选段 304, 。其中,第一浮选段 302, 较细, 其内设有一层浮选板 5, 。 第二浮选段 304, 较粗, 其内设有散气 装置 4 ' 和一层浮选板 5 ' 。 扩散锥体段 303 ' 位于第一浮选段 302 ' 和 第二浮选段 304, 之间, 为尖端向上的锥斗状的过渡区域。
溢流收集段 301, 位于第一浮选段 302, 的外部, 且第一浮选段 302, 的顶端位于溢流收集段 301, 的顶端和底端之间; 另外, 溢流收集 段 301, 的底端设有出料口 309, 。
尾灰收集段 305, 为尖端向下的锥斗状, 且其底部尖端处设有尾灰 出口 306, , 尾灰出口 306, 连接有尾灰管道 307, , 尾灰管道 307, 上 设有渣浆泵 308, 。 在第二浮选段 304, 和尾灰收集段 305, 之间设有过 滤板 9, 。
散气装置 4, 为尖端向上的锥斗状, 其锥斗角度为 120° , 其锥面上 设有多个气孔 401, ; 其位于第二浮选段 304, 内, 且位于锥斗状尾灰收 集段 305, 上方。 散气装置 4 ' 上设有多个超声分离装置 8, 。
间隔设置的多层(例如两层)浮选板 5, 分别位于第一浮选段 302, 和第二浮选段 304 ' 内, 其中底层的浮选板 5 ' 位于锥斗状散气装置 4 ' 的上方。
分配装置 2, 位于溢流收集段 301, 上方, 为下部设置有多条(例如 8 条)分配管道 201, 的容器。 分配管道 201, 的末端位于第二浮选段 304, 之内、 锥斗状散气装置 4, 和底层浮选板 5, 之间。
第一浮选分离设备的出料口 309连接出料管道 701 , 出料管道 701 上设有渣浆泵 702。 出料管道 701 的另一端连接第二浮选分离设备的储 料装置 。 储料装置 内设有搅拌装置 10 , 用于将粉煤灰原料浆 和浮选剂充分搅拌。 尾灰管道 307 ' 先从尾灰出口 306 ' 连接到尾灰箱 10, , 再从尾灰箱 10, 通向储料装置 Γ ; 储料装置 Γ 的下部设有送 料管道 102, , 送料管道 102, 上设有渣浆泵 103, , 该送料管道 102, 通向分配装置 2, 。
供气装置 6, 连接第一气体管道 601, 及第二气体管道 602, ;其中, 第一气体管道 601, 与锥斗状散气装置 4, 上的多个气孔 401, 连通, 第 二气体管道 602, 通向分配装置 2, 。 虽然本发明以较佳实施例揭露如上, 但并非用以限定本发明实施的 范围。 任何本领域的普通技术人员, 在不脱离本发明的发明范围内, 当 可作些许的改进, 即凡是依照本发明所做的同等改进, 应为本发明的发 明范围所涵盖。

Claims

权利 要求
1、 一种紊流式粉煤灰浮选工艺方法, 其包括如下步骤:
① 向粉煤灰原料中加入浮选剂和 /或捕收剂, 形成混合物料;
② 在第一浮选设备中使步骤①中所得的混合物料从第一浮选设备 的上部下落;
③ 在第一浮选设备中形成向上吹送的气体,该气体与步骤②中落下 的混合物料形成逆流接触,而且该气体在向上运动的过程中呈紊流状态;
④ 收集步骤③中气体向上运动而形成的通过所述第一浮选设备之 浮选板的颗粒物。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的工艺方法, 其中, 所述的紊流状态是通过使 所述气体在所述第一浮选设备中形成角度不同的多股向上气流而形成 的。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的工艺方法, 其中, 未向上通过所述第一浮选 设备之浮选板的颗粒物则输送到步骤①中的混合物料所在的容器。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的工艺方法, 其中, 未向上通过所述第一浮选 设备之浮选板的颗粒物泵至所述第一浮选设备上部, 使其单独地或者与 步骤①的混合物料一起地从所述第一浮选设备的上部或顶部下落, 以便 再次进行浮选。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的工艺方法, 其中, 在所述的浮选设备中设置 反射面, 使得自上方落下的混合物料及向下穿过浮选板的颗粒发生向上 的反射。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的工艺方法, 其中, 在所述混合物料通入向下 的气体, 以使所述混合物料顺利下落并控制下落的速度。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的浮选工艺, 其进一步包括如下步骤:
⑤ 在第二浮选设备中使步骤④中所得的颗粒物从上部下落;
⑥ 在第二浮选设备中形成向上吹送的气体,该气体与步骤⑤中落下 的颗粒物形成逆流接触, 而且该气体在向上运动的过程中呈紊流状态;
⑦ 收集步骤⑥中气体向上运动而形成的通过所述第二浮选设备之 浮选板的颗粒物。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的工艺方法, 其中, 在步骤④、 ⑤之间还包括 如下步骤: 进一步向步骤④中所得的颗粒物加入浮选剂和 /或捕收剂;
9、 如权利要求 7所述的工艺方法, 其中, 在所述第二浮选设备中设 的反射。
10、 如权利要求 7所述的工艺方法, 其中, 在所述第二混合物料通 入向下的气体, 以使所述颗粒物顺利下落并控制下落的速度。
11、 一种带有紊流式散气装置的粉煤灰浮选分离设备, 其包括竖直 设置的筒体, 位于该筒体顶部的溢流收集段和位于该筒体底部的尾灰收 集段; 所述溢流收集段设有出料口, 所述尾灰收集段设有尾灰出口; 其 特征在于, 该浮选分离设备进一步包括: 位于所述筒体内的散气装置, 该散气装置为尖端向上的锥斗状, 且 其锥面上设有多个气孔;
位于所述筒体内、 间隔设置的多层浮选板, 其中底层浮选板位于所 述散气装置的上方;
位于所述溢流收集段上部的分配装置, 所述分配装置为下部或底端 设置有多条分配管道的容器, 所述分配管道的末端位于所述散气装置及 所述底层浮选板之间;
供气装置, 该供气装置通过第一气体管道与所述散气装置上的多个 气孔连通。
12、 如权利要求 11所述的浮选分离设备, 其特征在于, 所述散气装 置的锥斗角度为 60° -150° 。
13、 如权利要求 11所述的浮选分离设备, 其特征在于, 所述供气装 置连接有一条或多条第二气体管道, 所述第二气体管道通向所述分配装 置内或连接到所述分配管道。
14、 如权利要求 11所述的浮选分离设备, 其特征在于, 所述浮选分 离设备还包括位于所述浮选分离设备的筒壁或所述散气装置上的物理分 离装置。
15、 如权利要求 14所述的浮选分离设备, 其特征在于, 所述物理分 离装置为超声分离装置。
16、 如权利要求 11所述的浮选分离设备, 其特征在于, 所述筒体包 括位于上部的较细的第一浮选段和位于下部的较粗的第二浮选段, 所述 溢流收集段位于所述第一浮选段的外部, 且所述溢流收集段的底端低于 所述第一浮选段的顶端。
17、 如权利要求 16所述的浮选分离设备, 其特征在于, 所述第一浮 选段和所述第二浮选段之间设有用作过渡区域的扩散锥体段, 该扩散锥 体段位于底层浮选板的上方。
18、 如权利要求 11所述的浮选分离设备, 其特征在于, 所述尾灰出 口连接有尾灰管道, 所述尾灰管道直接或间接通向所述分配装置。
PCT/CN2011/084979 2011-06-10 2011-12-30 粉煤灰浮选工艺以及浮选设备 WO2012167592A1 (zh)

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