WO2012167516A1 - 在环形拓扑上生成标签转发表的方法、装置和系统 - Google Patents
在环形拓扑上生成标签转发表的方法、装置和系统 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012167516A1 WO2012167516A1 PCT/CN2011/079392 CN2011079392W WO2012167516A1 WO 2012167516 A1 WO2012167516 A1 WO 2012167516A1 CN 2011079392 W CN2011079392 W CN 2011079392W WO 2012167516 A1 WO2012167516 A1 WO 2012167516A1
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- label
- clockwise
- counterclockwise
- destination router
- router
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/50—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using label swapping, e.g. multi-protocol label switch [MPLS]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/42—Loop networks
- H04L12/427—Loop networks with decentralised control
- H04L12/433—Loop networks with decentralised control with asynchronous transmission, e.g. token ring, register insertion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/50—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using label swapping, e.g. multi-protocol label switch [MPLS]
- H04L45/507—Label distribution
Definitions
- the present invention relates to Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS), and more specifically, to a Label Switching Path (called a LSP) on a ring topology.
- MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching
- LSP Label Switching Path
- IP Internet Protocol
- MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching
- the IP/MPLS technology system mainly includes two parts: the control level and the forwarding level.
- the control plane is mainly responsible for the discovery and path establishment of end-to-end routes in the network, while the forwarding layer is mainly responsible for the addressing and distribution of packets.
- the main protocols defined at the control level are the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol, the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) protocol, and label distribution.
- the protocol (Label Distribution Protocol) is called LDP, and the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is used.
- the main specifications defined at the forwarding level are IP, MPLS, and so on.
- MPLS encapsulates network layer packets with short, fixed-length labels.
- FEC Forwarding Equivalence Class
- Label Label
- MPLS is actually a classification forwarding technology, it will have the same forwarding processing
- FEC Groups with the same destination, the same forwarding path, the same service level, etc. are grouped together, called FEC.
- FEC the FEC of a divided packet is based on its network layer.
- a label is a short-length, local-sensitive short identifier that identifies an FEC.
- LDP is an important protocol in the control plane of the IP/MPLS architecture. It defines a mechanism and method for establishing point-to-point LSPs between two nodes along the shortest path.
- the LSP established on the ring topology based on LDP has the following conditions: If a link fault occurs on the ring topology, the packet will be discarded, and the packet loss process will continue to a brand new one. The LSP will not stop until it is established. The entire packet loss process typically lasts for a few seconds, which is unacceptable for mobile voice services.
- SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The system and system are configured to generate two label forwarding tables for forwarding services in different directions on a non-destination router.
- An aspect of the present invention provides a method for generating a label forwarding table for a non-destination router on a ring topology, the method comprising:
- the non-destination router receives a clockwise outgoing label that is actively allocated by a next-hop router in a clockwise direction of the ring topology, wherein the clockwise outgoing label is a destination router on the ring topology
- the non-destination router receives a counterclockwise outgoing label actively allocated by a next hop router in a counterclockwise direction of the ring topology, wherein the counterclockwise outgoing label is the destination router on the ring topology
- the next hop router in the counterclockwise direction of the ring topology assigns only one of the non-destination routers to the destination router Counterclockwise out of the end of the counterclockwise LSP;
- the non-destination router actively allocates a clockwise entry label of the non-destination router to a clockwise hop router in the ring topology, where the clockwise entry label is used by the destination router
- the clockwise entry label corresponds to the clockwise
- the non-destination router actively allocates a counterclockwise entry label of the non-destination router to the upstream hop router in the counterclockwise direction of the ring topology, where the counterclockwise entry label is used by the destination router
- the non-destination router allocates only one counterclockwise entry label of the non-destination router to the last hop router in the counterclockwise direction of the ring topology;
- the non-destination router generates a clockwise label forwarding table according to the clockwise incoming label allocated by itself and the clockwise outgoing label received by itself;
- the non-destination router generates a counterclockwise label forwarding table according to the counterclockwise incoming label allocated by itself and the counterclockwise outgoing label received by itself.
- An aspect of the present invention provides a method for generating two different ring-oriented label switching path LSPs on a ring topology, the method comprising:
- Each non-destination router on the ring topology performs a method for generating a label forwarding table for a non-destination router on the ring topology, and generates a respective clockwise label forwarding table on each non-destination router.
- a counterclockwise label forwarding table according to a clockwise label forwarding table and a counterclockwise label forwarding table of each non-destination router in the ring network, so as to generate an end point of the destination router in the ring topology respectively
- a clockwise LSP and a counterclockwise LSP where, for any one of the non-destination routers, one of the clockwise LSP and the counterclockwise LSP is the primary LSP, and the other is the standby LSP.
- An aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for generating a label forwarding table for a non-destination router on a ring topology, the apparatus comprising:
- a clockwise outgoing label receiving unit configured to receive a clockwise outgoing label actively allocated by a non-destination router of the device in a clockwise direction of the ring topology, wherein the clockwise outgoing label is a destination router on the ring topology
- the next-hop router in the clockwise direction of the ring topology allocates only one clockwise outgoing label with the destination router as the end point of the clockwise LSP for the non-destination router where the device is located;
- the counter-clockwise output label is configured to receive a non-destination router in which the non-destination router of the device is actively located in a counterclockwise direction of the ring topology.
- the destination router on the ring topology serves as an end point of a counterclockwise LSP corresponding to the counterclockwise outgoing label, and the next hop router in the counterclockwise direction of the ring topology is where the device is located.
- the non-destination router allocates only one counterclockwise outgoing label with the destination router as the end point of the counterclockwise LSP;
- Clockwise input into the label distribution unit for actively assigning a clockwise entry label of the non-destination router where the device is located in the clockwise upstream hop router of the ring topology for the non-destination router where the device is located, where
- the clockwise input label uses the destination router as an end point of a clockwise LSP corresponding to the clockwise incoming label, and the clockwise input label distribution unit is a non-destination router where the device is located
- the clockwise last hop router of the Park only assigns a clockwise entry label to the non-destination router where the device is located;
- a counter-clockwise entry label allocation unit configured to actively allocate a counterclockwise entry label of the non-destination router where the device is located in the counter-clockwise upstream hop router of the ring topology for the non-destination router where the device is located, where
- the counterclockwise entry label uses the destination router as an end point of a counterclockwise LSP corresponding to the counterclockwise entry label, and the counterclockwise input label distribution unit is a non-destination router where the device is located
- the counterclockwise upstream hop router assigns only one counterclockwise entry label of the non-destination router where the device is located;
- a clockwise label forwarding table generating unit configured to generate a clockwise label forwarding table according to the clockwise incoming label allocated by the clockwise incoming label assigning unit and the clockwise outgoing label received by the clockwise outgoing label receiving unit ;
- a counterclockwise label forwarding table generating unit configured to receive the counterclockwise input label and the counterclockwise output label receiving unit according to the counterclockwise input label receiving unit
- the counterclockwise out tag generates a counterclockwise tag forwarding table.
- An aspect of the present invention provides a ring network system, where the system includes: a destination router and a plurality of non-destination routers; each non-destination router on the ring topology includes the generated label forwarding table s installation.
- the embodiment of the present invention generates a clockwise tag forwarding table and a counterclockwise tag forwarding table generated on a non-destination router on a ring topology.
- traffic switching is performed, and another label forwarding table is used for traffic forwarding. Since another label forwarding table is pre-built, the traffic switching speed is fast and does not cause a large amount of packet loss.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a process for generating an LSP on a ring topology using the prior art
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 3 illustrates a label distribution method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a forwarding entry of each router of a ring topology in the case of no link failure according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of forwarding entries of routers on the ring topology when the primary and secondary LSPs are switched on the router R2 according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of forwarding entries of routers on the ring topology when the primary and secondary LSPs are switched on the router R3 according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of forwarding entries of routers on a ring topology when a primary LSP switch occurs on a router R4 according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of an apparatus for generating a label forwarding table for a non-destination router on a ring topology according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 9 is a block diagram showing the structure of a device for generating a tag forwarding table for a non-destination router on a ring topology according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a structural diagram of an apparatus for generating a label forwarding table for a non-destination router on a ring topology according to still another embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a system for generating two different ring-oriented label switched path LSPs on a ring topology according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 1 illustrates the process of generating an LSP on a ring topology based on LDP.
- the ring topology there are seven routers represented by R1-R7 arranged counterclockwise.
- R1 is the destination router on the ring topology. Assume that traffic is ringed from router R4 and router R5 respectively. To generate an LSP to R1, route calculation is performed first before label assignment.
- a routing protocol eg, 0SPF
- IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
- the calculated optimal route from R4 to destination router R1 is: R4 R3 R2 R1;
- the optimal route from R5 to R1 b is: R5 R6 R7 Rl.
- the path a indicates that the optimal next hop of R4 to destination router R1 is R3, the optimal next hop of R3 to destination router R1 is R2, and the optimal next hop of R2 to destination router R1 is R1.
- the path b indicates that the optimal next hop of R5 to destination router R1 is R6, and the optimal next hop of R6 to destination router R1 is R7, and the optimal next hop of R7 to destination router R1 is R1.
- the FEC of the destination router R1 is assigned according to LDP.
- the non-destination router on the ring topology accepts its optimal next hop as the non-destination path A label assigned by the device, and the non-destination router assigns a local label to its upstream router.
- R1 assigns label L1 to its upstream routers R2 and R7.
- R2 accepts the label assigned by R1 and assigns the local label L2 to its upstream router R3.
- R3 accepts the label L2 assigned by R2 and continues to assign the local label L3 to the upstream router R4.
- R4 accepts the label L3 assigned by R3 and continues to the upstream router R5. Assign label L4.
- the label L4 assigned by R4 to R5 is not accepted by R5 because the optimal next hop for R5 to destination router R1 is R6 instead of R4, so R5 will not accept label L4 assigned to it by R4.
- R5 will not assign a local label to its downstream router R6, because the local label is only sent to the upstream router, and R6 is not the downstream router of R5 but the upstream router of R5.
- an LSP of R4 R3 R2 R1 is generated in a clockwise direction, and the corresponding labels are L3 L2 L1.
- another LSP of R5 R6 R7 R1 is generated in the counterclockwise direction, and the corresponding labels are L6 L5 L1.
- R4 will continue to forward the packet to R3 along the clockwise LSP before the clockwise LSP (R4 R3 R2 R1) is removed. R3 will report again. The packet is forwarded to R2, but after the packet arrives at R2, the packet will be discarded due to the link failure between R2 and R1. This packet loss process will continue until the route on the ring network converges and a new LSP R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R1 is established. In general, the entire packet loss process lasts for a few seconds, which is unacceptable for mobile voice services.
- embodiments of the present invention provide a method of generating a tag forwarding table for a non-target router on a ring topology.
- Shown in Figure 2 is a flow chart of the method, which includes the following.
- the non-destination router receives a clockwise outgoing label actively allocated by a next-hop router in a clockwise direction of the ring topology, where the clockwise outgoing label has a purpose on the ring topology
- the router acts as the end of the clockwise label switched path (LSP) corresponding to the clockwise outgoing label.
- LSP clockwise label switched path
- the clockwise next hop router in the ring topology assigns to the non-destination router only one clockwise outgoing label with the destination router as the end point of the clockwise LSP.
- the clockwise outgoing label is a label carried in the LSP packet sent by the non-destination router in a clockwise direction.
- the non-destination router receives a counterclockwise outgoing label actively allocated by a next hop router in a counterclockwise direction of the ring topology, where the counterclockwise outgoing label is as described on the ring topology
- the destination router acts as the end of the counterclockwise LSP corresponding to the counterclockwise outgoing label.
- the next hop router in the counterclockwise direction of the ring topology allocates only one counterclockwise outgoing label to the non-destination router with the destination router as the end point of the counterclockwise LSP.
- the counterclockwise outgoing label carries a label in the LSP packet sent by the non-destination router in a counterclockwise direction.
- the non-destination router actively allocates a clockwise entry label of the non-destination router to a clockwise hop router in the ring topology, where the clockwise entry label is the destination router As the end point of the clockwise LSP corresponding to the clockwise entry label.
- the non-destination router allocates only one clockwise label of the non-destination router for its clockwise hop router in the ring topology.
- the clockwise incoming label is a label carried in the LSP packet received by the non-destination router in a clockwise direction.
- the non-destination router actively allocates a counterclockwise entry label of the non-destination router to a last hop router in a counterclockwise direction of the ring topology, where the counterclockwise entry label is the destination router.
- the non-destination router allocates only one counter-clockwise label of the non-destination router for the last hop router in the counterclockwise direction of the ring topology.
- the counterclockwise entry label is a label carried in an LSP packet received by the non-destination router in a counterclockwise direction.
- the non-destination router generates a clockwise label forwarding table according to the clockwise incoming label allocated by itself and the clockwise outgoing label received by itself.
- the clockwise label forwarding table refers to a label forwarding table for forwarding data streams in a clockwise direction.
- the clockwise label forwarding table of the non-destination router in step 210 is generated based on the clockwise incoming label allocated in step 206 and the clockwise outgoing label received in step 202.
- the non-destination router generates a counterclockwise label forwarding table according to the counterclockwise incoming label allocated by itself and the counterclockwise outgoing label received by itself.
- the counterclockwise label forwarding table refers to a label forwarding table used to forward a data stream in a counterclockwise direction.
- the counterclockwise label forwarding table of the non-destination router in step 212 is generated based on the counterclockwise incoming label allocated in step 208 and the counterclockwise outgoing label received in step 204.
- a clockwise LSP is an LSP that transmits an LSP packet or a data stream in a clockwise direction of the ring topology;
- a counterclockwise LSP is an inverse along the ring topology The LSP of the LSP or data stream is sent in the clockwise direction.
- the clockwise outgoing label of the non-destination router is a clockwise input label of the next-hop router in a clockwise direction;
- the counterclockwise outgoing label of the non-destination router is a counterclockwise input label of the next skipper of the counterclockwise direction;
- the clockwise entry label of the non-destination router is a clockwise outbound label of the last hop router
- the counterclockwise entry label of the non-destination router is counterclockwise out of the counterclockwise direction of the counter.
- the non-destination router in order for the non-destination router to receive the clockwise outgoing label allocated by the next hop router in the clockwise direction of the ring topology, the non-destination router can receive the clockwise outgoing label.
- the counterclockwise outgoing label allocated by the next-hop router in the counterclockwise direction of the ring topology may be configured on the non-destination router to configure the same FEC to correspond to both the clockwise label forwarding table and the counterclockwise label forwarding table, thereby The non-destination router may receive the clockwise outgoing label and the counterclockwise outgoing label to subsequently generate two label forwarding tables for different directions.
- two non-destination routers may also be configured.
- each FEC corresponds to a label forwarding table, wherein one label forwarding table is a clock forwarding label forwarding table, and another label forwarding table is a counterclockwise label forwarding table.
- This also enables the non-destination router to receive the clockwise outgoing label and the counterclockwise outgoing label to subsequently generate two label forwarding tables for different directions.
- a method for actively allocating labels is adopted, that is: a downstream router actively allocates labels to its upstream routers without receiving a request from its upstream router for labels, and the downstream router also records The mapping information in the actively assigned label or the actively assigned label.
- each non-destination router will receive its own clockwise next hop router and counterclockwise next hop router on the topology to actively allocate it respectively.
- the label will be actively assigned a label to its clockwise upper hop router and counterclockwise last hop router respectively.
- the former is the outgoing label of the non-destination router, and the latter is the incoming label of the non-destination router.
- the above method for generating a clockwise label forwarding table and a counterclockwise label forwarding table is performed on each non-destination router on the ring topology, and a clockwise label forwarding table and a counterclockwise label rotation can be respectively generated in each non-destination router.
- a clockwise LSP and a counterclockwise LSP are automatically generated respectively, and the LSP is an LDP-based LSP.
- one of the clockwise LSP and the counterclockwise LSP is the primary LSP and the other is the standby LSP. In this way, when an LSP fails, traffic can be immediately switched to an LSP in another direction, thereby reducing packet loss.
- R4 in order to generate a clockwise label forwarding table and a counterclockwise label forwarding table on R4, R4 performs the following operations:
- R4 receives its clockwise outbound label L3 that is actively assigned to R4 in the clockwise direction of the ring topology, and L3 uses the destination router R1 on the ring topology as a clockwise outgoing label.
- L3 corresponds to the end of the label switched path (LSP).
- R3 assigns only one of R4 to the destination router R1 as the end point of the clockwise LSP clockwise out label L3.
- R4 receives its counterclockwise outgoing label L 1 0 , L1 0, which is actively assigned to R4 by the next hop router R5 in the counterclockwise direction of the ring topology, to the destination router on the ring topology Rl serves as the end point of the LSP corresponding to the counter-clockwise outgoing label L10.
- R5 assigns only one end of counterclockwise LSP L10 with the destination router R1 as the counterclockwise LSP.
- R4 actively allocates a clockwise incoming label L4 of R4 for the clockwise upstream hop router R5 of the ring topology, and L4 uses the destination router R1 as the end point of the LSP corresponding to the clockwise incoming label L4, R5 L4 is used as a clockwise label for R5.
- R4 assigns only a clockwise entry label of R4 to its last hop router R5 in the clockwise direction of the ring topology.
- R4 actively allocates a counterclockwise entry label L1 l of R4 to the upstream hop router R3 in the counterclockwise direction of the ring topology, and L1 1 uses the destination router R1 as the end point of the LSP corresponding to the counterclockwise entry label L11.
- R3 uses L11 as a counterclockwise label for R3.
- R4 is only assigned a counterclockwise entry label of R4 for its last hop router R3 in the counterclockwise direction of the ring topology.
- R4 generates a clockwise label forwarding table based on its clockwise incoming label L4 assigned to R5 and its clockwise outgoing label L3 received from R3. Further, R4 generates a counterclockwise label forwarding table based on the counterclockwise entry label LI 1 assigned to R3 itself and the counterclockwise outgoing label L10 received from R5.
- the non-destination router R4 in order for the non-destination router R4 to receive its clockwise outgoing label L3 assigned to it by the next hop router R3 in the clockwise direction of the ring topology, it is also possible to receive its The counter-clockwise outbound label L10 assigned by the next-hop router R5 in the counterclockwise direction can be configured on the R4 to configure the same FEC to correspond to both the clockwise label forwarding table and the counterclockwise label forwarding table, so that the R4 can receive the clockwise Label L3 and counterclockwise out label L10.
- FECs can be configured on R4. Each FEC corresponds to a label forwarding table.
- One label forwarding table is a clockwise label forwarding table, and the other label is published as a counterclockwise label forwarding table. This also allows the R4 to receive the clockwise out label L3 and the counterclockwise out label L10.
- the other non-destination routers R2, R3, and R5-R7 on the ring topology in FIG. 3 perform the same operation as the principle of generating a clockwise label forwarding table and a counterclockwise label forwarding table by R4, which may be used for each non-
- the destination router generates a clockwise label forwarding table and counterclockwise Tag forwarding table. Therefore, two LSPs to the destination router R1 along different ring directions can be generated on the ring topology, respectively, R7_R6_R5_R4_R3_R2_R1 and R2-R3-R4-R5-R6-R7-RL for any non-ring on the ring
- the destination router has two LSPs that can reach the destination router R1.
- the LSP that is shorter than the destination router is selected as the primary LSP, and the LSP that is longer than the destination router is selected as the backup LSP.
- R4-R3-R2-R1 can be selected as the primary LSP, and R4-R5-R6-R7-R1 is selected as the standby LSP.
- the faulty router can quickly switch traffic from the primary LSP of the router to the standby LSP, and the traffic is transmitted to the destination router through the standby LSP.
- Figure 4 shows the forwarding entries on each router when no link failure occurs. The following describes the forwarding entries of the non-destination routers on the ring topology with R4 as the router on the traffic ring.
- P in Figure 4 represents the primary LSP to destination router R1, and S represents the standby LSP to destination router R1.
- the arrow indicates the forwarding path of the message in the case of no failure.
- NH indicates the next hop, and the two fields following the NH indicate the name of the next hop router and the corresponding outgoing label, respectively, and the field following the ILM indicates the entry label of each router on the corresponding LSP.
- Figure 5 shows the forwarding entries of each router when the active/standby LSP switchover occurs on R2 in the case of a link failure between R1 and R2.
- R4 will continue to send the message to R3 along the primary LSP (clockwise direction) before the clockwise LSP is removed.
- R3 sends the message to R2.
- R2 has already detected the link failure between R1 and R2.
- the switch from the primary LSP to the backup LSP occurs, the traffic immediately turns around on the R2 router, the next jump to R3, the outgoing label becomes L12, and then the traffic is forwarded to the destination router R1 along the counterclockwise backup LSP. This greatly reduces the loss of mobile voice services.
- R2 removes the clockwise LSP. Once the clockwise LSP on R3 is removed, R3 will also switch between the active and standby LSPs.
- Figure 6 shows the forwarding entries of each router when the active/standby LSP is switched between R3.
- the traffic from the ring on the R4 router is turned over at the R3 router, the next jump to R4, the outgoing label is changed to L11, and then the traffic is forwarded to the destination router R1 along the counterclockwise standby LSP.
- Figure 7 shows the forwarding entries of each router when the active/standby LSP is switched between R4.
- R4 will also switch from the primary LSP to the backup LSP.
- the traffic from the ring on the R4 router will be directly turned on the R4 router.
- R5 the outgoing label becomes L10, and then the traffic is forwarded along the LSP in the counterclockwise direction to the destination router R1.
- Figure 8 is a block diagram showing the structure of a tag forwarding table generated by a non-destination router on a ring topology in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the ring topology includes a destination router and a plurality of non-destination routers, and the device is included in one of the plurality of non-destination routers, and the device includes the following.
- a clockwise outgoing label receiving unit 802 configured to receive a clockwise outgoing label actively allocated by a non-destination router of the device in a clockwise direction of the ring topology, wherein the clockwise outgoing label In a destination waypoint on the ring topology, the next hop router in the clockwise direction of the ring topology assigns only one non-destination router in which the device is located to the destination router.
- a counter-clock-out label receiving unit 804 configured to receive a counterclockwise outgoing label actively allocated by a non-destination router of the non-destination router where the device is located in a counterclockwise direction of the ring topology, where the counterclockwise outgoing label Using the destination router on the ring topology as an end point of a counterclockwise LSP corresponding to the counterclockwise outgoing label, where the next hop router in the counterclockwise direction of the ring topology is the device
- the non-destination router only assigns a counterclockwise outgoing label with the destination router as the end point of the counterclockwise LSP;
- a clockwise input label distribution unit 806, configured to actively allocate a clockwise entry label of the non-destination router where the device is located in the clockwise upper hop router of the ring topology for the non-destination router where the device is located,
- the clockwise incoming tag uses the destination router as the end point of the clockwise LSP corresponding to the clockwise incoming tag, and the clockwise incoming tag assigning unit 806 is the non-destination router where the device is located.
- the clockwise upper hop router of the ring topology allocates only one clockwise entry label of the non-destination router where the device is located;
- the counter-clockwise input label distribution unit 808 is configured to actively allocate a counterclockwise entry label of the non-destination router where the device is located in the counter-clockwise upper hop router of the ring topology for the non-destination router where the device is located,
- the counterclockwise entry tag uses the destination router as an end point of a counterclockwise LSP corresponding to the counterclockwise entry tag, and the counterclockwise input tag assignment unit 808 is a non-destination router where the device is located.
- the counter-clockwise upper hop router of the ring topology only allocates a counterclockwise entry label of the non-destination router where the device is located;
- a clockwise label forwarding table generating unit 810 configured to generate a clockwise according to the clockwise incoming label allocated by the clockwise incoming label assigning unit 806 and the clockwise outgoing label received by the clockwise outgoing label receiving unit 802 Tag forwarding table;
- a counterclockwise label forwarding table generating unit 812 configured to generate a counterclockwise direction according to the counterclockwise input label allocated by the counterclockwise input label distribution unit 808 and the counterclockwise output label received by the counterclockwise output label receiving unit 804 Tag forwarding table.
- the non-destination router is clockwise The label is a clockwise entry label of the clockwise next hop router; the counterclockwise out label of the non-destination router is a counterclockwise entry label of the next hop router in the counterclockwise direction;
- the clockwise entry label of the non-destination router is a clockwise outbound label of the last hop router
- the counterclockwise entry label of the non-destination router is counterclockwise out of the counterclockwise direction of the counter.
- the apparatus shown in FIG. 8 may further include:
- the first forwarding equivalence class setting unit 914 is configured to set a forwarding equivalence class (FEC), so that the FEC corresponds to the clockwise tag forwarding table of the non-destination router where the device is located, and corresponds to the non-device The destination router counterclockwise label forwarding table.
- FEC forwarding equivalence class
- the apparatus shown in FIG. 8 may further include: a second forwarding equivalence class setting unit 1014, configured to set two FECs, such that one of the FECs corresponds to the non-device A clockwise label forwarding table of the destination router, and another FEC corresponding to the counterclockwise label forwarding table of the non-destination router where the device is located.
- a second forwarding equivalence class setting unit 1014 configured to set two FECs, such that one of the FECs corresponds to the non-device A clockwise label forwarding table of the destination router, and another FEC corresponding to the counterclockwise label forwarding table of the non-destination router where the device is located.
- each non-destination router on the ring topology has means for generating a tag forwarding table as shown in Figures 8, 9, or 10.
- the system shown in Figure 11 includes a plurality of non-destination routers 1102 and a destination router 1104.
- Each non-destination router 1102 includes a means 800 for generating a label forwarding table.
- DSPs digital signal processors
- ASICs application specific integrated circuits
- FPGA field programmable gate array
- a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
- the processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing components, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, a combination of one or more microprocessors and a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
- a person skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps of implementing the above embodiments can be completed by a program to instruct related hardware, and the program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the above mentioned storage medium can be It is a read-only memory, a disk or a disc.
- the method for generating a label forwarding table for a non-destination router on a ring topology provided by the present invention, and generating two different ring label switching paths on the ring topology
- the LSP method and the device for generating a label forwarding table for a non-destination router on the ring topology are described in detail.
- the present invention is not limited by the scope of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited by the scope of the present invention.
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Abstract
本发明的实施例提供为环形拓朴上的非目的路由器生成标签转发表的方法。本发明的实施例还提供为环形拓朴上的一非目的路由器生成标签转发表的装置以及在环形拓朴上生成两条不同环向的标签交换路径LSP的方法及其系统。为本发明的实施例所提供的技术方案根据为环形拓朴上每个非目的路由器上生成的顺时针标签转发表和逆时针标签转发表。当所述非目的路由器发现使用所述两个标签转发表中的一个标签转发表无法将流量转发至所述目的路由器时,则进行流量倒换,使用另一个标签转发表进行流量转发。由于另一个标签转发表是预先建好的,因此流量倒换的速度很快,不会造成大量的丟包。
Description
在环形拓朴上生成标签转发表的方法、 装置和系统 技术领域
本发明涉及多协议标签交换( Multi-Protocol Label Switching, 英 文筒称为 MPLS ), 且更具体而言, 涉及环形拓朴上的标签交换路径 ( Label Switching Path, 英文筒称为 LSP )» 背景技术
全球各地越来越多的电信运营商正在将原来分散的、 互不兼容 的、 采用多种不同技术的网络, 逐步迁移到一个统一的基于网际协议 ( IP )或多协议标签交换(MPLS )技术的网络架构上来。 IP/MPLS技 术体系以其灵活筒单、 与拓朴无关、 面向连接等优点, 正在成为电信 运营商在网络中所采用的最主要的业务承载方式。
IP/MPLS的技术体系, 主要包括控制层面和转发层面两大部分。 控制层面主要负责网络中端到端路由的发现和路径的建立,而转发层 面主要负责报文的寻址和分发。在控制层面定义的主要协议有开放最 短路径优先 ( Open Shortest Path First, 英文筒称为 OSPF )协议、 中 间系统到中间系统 ( Intermediate System to Intermediate System, 英文 筒称为 IS-IS )协议、 标签分发协议(Label Distribution Protocol, 英文 筒称为 LDP )、 资源预留协议( Resource Reservation Protocol , 英文筒 称为 RSVP )等, 在转发层面定义的主要规范有 IP、 MPLS等。
MPLS用短而定长的标签来封装网络层分组。 在 MPLS中, 两个 重要的概念分别是转发等价类 (Forwarding Equivalence Class , 英文 筒称为 FEC )和标签( Label )。
MPLS实际上是一种分类转发技术, 它将具有相同转发处理方式
(目的地相同、 使用转发路径相同、 具有相同的服务等级等) 的分组 归为一类, 称为 FEC。 一般来说, 划分分组的 FEC是根据它的网络层 理。
标签(Label )是一个长度固定、 具有本地意义的短标识符, 用 于标识一个 FEC。 当分组到达 MPLS网络入口时, 它将按一定规则被 划归到不同的 FEC, 根据分组所属的 FEC, 将相应的标签封装在分组 中; 因而, 在网络中, 按标签对分组进行转发即可。
LDP是 IP/MPLS架构中的控制层面中的一个重要协议, 它定义了 一种沿着最短路径在两个节点之间建立点到点的 LSP的机制和方法。 目前, 在环形拓朴上根据 LDP建立的 LSP会存在以下情况: 如果在环 形拓朴上发生链路故障, 报文将会被丟弃, 且这种丟包的过程将会持 续到一条全新的 LSP建立起来才会停止。 整个丟包过程一般会持续几 秒的时间, 这对于移动语音业务来说是不能接受的。 发明内容 和系统,用于在一个非目的路由器上生成两个用于在不同方向上转发 业务的标签转发表。
本发明的一方面提供一种为环形拓朴上的一非目的路由器生成 标签转发表的方法, 所述方法包括:
所述非目的路由器接收其在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的下一 跳路由器主动分配的顺时针出标签, 其中, 所述顺时针出标签以所述 环形拓朴上的一个目的路由器作为与所述顺时针出标签对应的顺时 针标签交换路径 LSP的终点,所述在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的下 一跳路由器为所述非目的路由器仅分配一个以所述目的路由器为所 述顺时针 LSP的终点的顺时针出标签;
所述非目的路由器接收其在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的下一 跳路由器主动分配的逆时针出标签, 其中, 所述逆时针出标签以所述 环形拓朴上的所述目的路由器作为与所述逆时针出标签对应的逆时 针 LSP的终点,所述在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的下一跳路由器为 所述非目的路由器仅分配一个以所述目的路由器为所述逆时针 LSP 的终点的逆时针出标签;
所述非目的路由器主动为其在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的上 一跳路由器分配所述非目的路由器的顺时针入标签, 其中, 所述顺时 针入标签以所述目的路由器作为与所述顺时针入标签对应的顺时针
LSP的终点, 所述非目的路由器为其在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的 上一跳路由器仅分配一个所述非目的路由器的顺时针入标签;
所述非目的路由器主动为其在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的上 一跳路由器分配所述非目的路由器的逆时针入标签, 其中, 所述逆时 针入标签以所述目的路由器作为与所述逆时针入标签对应的逆时针 LSP的终点, 所述非目的路由器为其在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的 上一跳路由器仅分配一个所述非目的路由器的逆时针入标签;
所述非目的路由器根据自身分配的所述顺时针入标签和自身接 收的所述顺时针出标签生成顺时针标签转发表;
所述非目的路由器根据自身分配的所述逆时针入标签和自身接 收的所述逆时针出标签生成逆时针标签转发表。
本发明的一方面提供一种在环形拓朴上生成两条不同环向的标 签交换路径 LSP的方法, 所述方法包括:
所述环形拓朴上的每个非目的路由器都执行一种为环形拓朴上 的一非目的路由器生成标签转发表的的方法,在每个非目的路由器上 分别生成各自的顺时针标签转发表和逆时针标签转发表,从而根据所 述环形网络中每个非目的路由器的顺时针标签转发表和逆时针标签 转发表,以便在所述环形拓朴中分别生成以所述目的路由器为终点的 顺时针 LSP和逆时针 LSP, 其中, 对于任意一个非目的路由器, 在 顺时针 LSP和逆时针 LSP中的一条为主用 LSP , 另一条为备用 LSP。
本发明的一方面提供一种为环形拓朴上的一非目的路由器生成 标签转发表的装置, 所述装置包括:
顺时针出标签接收单元,用于接收所述装置所在的非目的路由器 在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的下一跳路由器主动分配的顺时针出 标签, 其中, 所述顺时针出标签以所述环形拓朴上的一个目的路由器
述在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的下一跳路由器为所述装置所在的 非目的路由器仅分配一个以所述目的路由器为所述顺时针 LSP 的终 点的顺时针出标签;
逆时针出标签接收单元,用于接收所述装置所在的非目的路由器 在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的下一跳路由器主动分配的逆时针出 标签, 其中, 所述逆时针出标签以所述环形拓朴上的所述目的路由器 作为与所述逆时针出标签对应的逆时针 LSP的终点,所述在所述环形 拓朴的逆时针方向的下一跳路由器为所述装置所在的非目的路由器 仅分配一个以所述目的路由器为所述逆时针 LSP 的终点的逆时针出 标签;
顺时针入标签分配单元,用于主动为所述装置所在的非目的路由 器在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的上一跳路由器分配所述装置所在 的非目的路由器的顺时针入标签, 其中, 所述顺时针入标签以所述目 的路由器作为与所述顺时针入标签对应的顺时针 LSP的终点,所述顺 时针入标签分配单元为所述装置所在的非目的路由器在所述环形拓 朴的顺时针方向的上一跳路由器仅分配一个所述装置所在的非目的 路由器的顺时针入标签;
逆时针入标签分配单元,用于主动为所述装置所在的非目的路由 器在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的上一跳路由器分配所述装置所在 的非目的路由器的逆时针入标签, 其中, 所述逆时针入标签以所述目 的路由器作为与所述逆时针入标签对应的逆时针 LSP的终点,所述逆 时针入标签分配单元为所述装置所在的非目的路由器在所述环形拓 朴的逆时针方向的上一跳路由器仅分配一个所述装置所在的非目的 路由器的逆时针入标签;
顺时针标签转发表生成单元,用于根据所述顺时针入标签分配单 元分配的所述顺时针入标签和所述顺时针出标签接收单元接收的所 述顺时针出标签生成顺时针标签转发表;
逆时针标签转发表生成单元,用于根据所述逆时针入标签分配单 元分配的所述逆时针入标签和所述逆时针出标签接收单元接收的所
述逆时针出标签生成逆时针标签转发表。
本发明的一方面提供一种环形网络系统, 其特征在于, 所述系统 包括: 一个目的路由器和多个非目的路由器; 所述环形拓朴上的每个 非目的路由器包括所述生成标签转发表的装置。
本发明的实施例在环形拓朴上的一个非目的路由器上生成的顺 时针标签转发表和逆时针标签转发表。 当所述非目的路由器发现使用 所述两个标签转发表中的一个标签转发表无法将流量转发至所述目 的路由器时,则进行流量倒换,使用另一个标签转发表进行流量转发。 由于另一个标签转发表是预先建好的, 因此流量倒换的速度很快, 不 会造成大量的丟包。 附图说明
图 1图解说明利用现有技术在环形拓朴上生成 LSP的过程; 图 2所示的是根据本发明的一实施例的方法流程图;
图 3图解说明根据本发明的一实施例的标签分配方式;
图 4 所示的是本发明的一个实施例在无链路故障时的环形拓朴 各路由器的转发表项示意图;
图 5所示的是根据本发明的一实施例,当路由器 R2发生主备 LSP 切换时, 环形拓朴上各路由器的转发表项示意图;
图 6所示的是根据本发明的一实施例,当路由器 R3发生主备 LSP 切换时, 环形拓朴上各路由器的转发表项示意图;
图 7所示的是根据本发明的一实施例,当路由器 R4发生主备 LSP 切换时, 环形拓朴上各路由器的转发表项示意图;
图 8 所示的是根据本发明的一实施例为环形拓朴上的一非目的 路由器生成标签转发表的装置结构图;
图 9 所示的是根据本发明的又一实施例为环形拓朴上的一非目 的路由器生成标签转发表的装置结构图;
图 10所示的是 ^据本发明的又一实施例为环形拓朴上的一非目 的路由器生成标签转发表的装置结构图;
图 11所示的是 ^据本发明的一实施例用于在环形拓朴上生成两 条不同环向的标签交换路径 LSP的系统示意图。
结合附图阅读时将更好地了解以上发明内容以及以下本发明的 某些实施例的详细描述。 出于说明本发明的目的, 在图中展示某些实 施例。 然而, 应了解, 本发明不限于附图中所展示的布置和手段。 具体实施方式
下文结合附图所阐述的详细说明意在说明本发明的各种实施例, 而非代表本发明仅可实施为这些实施例。 详细说明包括具体细节, 以 便达成对本发明的透彻了解。 然而, 所属领域的技术人员应了解, 本 发明的实施也可以不使用这些具体细节。 在此说明书中, 术语 "环形 拓朴"、 "环形组网" 及 "环网,, 可互换地使用。 本领域的技术人员可 以明白, 在环形组网中, "上环"、 "下环" 及 "过环" 都是本领域的 通用技术术语。
图 1说明利用根据 LDP在环形拓朴上生成 LSP的过程。 环形拓朴上 沿逆时针方向布置有七个由 R1-R7代表的路由器。
举例而言, R1为该环形拓朴上的目的路由器。假设流量从路由器 R4和路由器 R5分别上环。 为生成到 R1的 LSP , 在标签分配之前, 首先 进行路由计算。 可选地,使用因特网工程任务组 ( Interne t Eng ineer Task Force , 英文筒称为 IETF )定义的路由协议(例如 0SPF )计算出 在该环形拓朴上分别从 R4和 R5到目的路由器 R1的最优路由。
计算出的从 R4到目的路由器 R1的最优路由 a是: R4 R3 R2 R1 ; R5到 R1的最优路由 b是: R5 R6 R7 Rl。
路径 a表示, R4到目的路由器 R1的最优下一跳是 R3 , R3到目的路 由器 R1的最优下一跳是 R2 , R2到目的路由器 R1的最优下一跳是 Rl。
路径 b表示, R5到目的路由器 R1的最优下一跳是 R6 , R6到目的路 由器 R1的最优下一跳是 R7 , R7到目的路由器 R1的最优下一跳是 Rl。
完成路由计算之后,根据 LDP对到目的路由器 R1的 FEC 进行标签 分配。环形拓朴上的非目的路由器接受它的最优下一跳为该非目的路
由器分配的标签,并且该非目的路由器向它的上游路由器分配本地标 签。 根据图 1, R1分配标签 L1给它的上游路由器 R2和 R7。 R2接受 R1分 配的标签并向它的上游路由器 R3分配本地标签 L2, R3接受 R2分配的标 签 L2并继续向上游路由器 R4分配本地标签 L3, R4接受 R3分配的标签 L3, 并继续向上游路由器 R5分配标签 L4。 但是, R4分配给 R5的标签 L4 不会被 R5所接受,原因是 R5到目的路由器 R1的最优下一跳是 R6而不是 R4, 因此 R5不会接受 R4分配给它的标签 L4。 同时, R5也不会给它的下 游路由器 R6分配本地标签, 原因是本地标签只向上游路由器发送, 而 R6不是 R5的下游路由器而是 R5的上游路由器。 由此一来, 沿着顺时针 方向就生成了一条 R4 R3 R2 R1的 LSP, 对应的标签分别为 L3 L2 Ll。 以此类推, 沿着逆时针方向也会生成另外一条 R5 R6 R7 R1的 LSP, 对应的标签分别为 L6 L5 L1。
如果 R1和 R2之间的链路出现故障, 那么在拆除顺时针方向的 LSP (R4 R3 R2 R1 )之前, R4仍然会继续沿着顺时针方向的 LSP将报文 转发给 R3, R3再将报文转发给 R2, 但是报文到达 R2之后, 由于 R2和 R1 之间的链路故障, 报文将会被丟弃。 这种丟包的过程将会持续, 直到 环 网 上 的 路 由 收 敛 并 建 立 起 一 条 全 新 的 LSP R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R1。 一般地, 整个丟包过程会持续几秒的 时间, 这对于移动语音业务来说是不能接受的。
有鉴于此,本发明的实施例提供一种为环形拓朴上的一非目的路 由器生成标签转发表的方法。 图 2所示的是该方法的流程图, 该方法 包括以下内容。
202: 所述非目的路由器接收其在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的 下一跳路由器主动分配的顺时针出标签, 其中, 所述顺时针出标签以 所述环形拓朴上的一个目的路由器作为与所述顺时针出标签对应的 顺时针标签交换路径 (LSP) 的终点。 优选地, 所述在所述环形拓朴 的顺时针方向的下一跳路由器为所述非目的路由器仅分配一个以所 述目的路由器为所述顺时针 LSP的终点的顺时针出标签。 优选地, 所
述顺时针出标签为所述非目的路由器沿顺时针方向发送的 LSP 报文 中携带的标签。
204 : 所述非目的路由器接收其在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的 下一跳路由器主动分配的逆时针出标签, 其中, 所述逆时针出标签以 所述环形拓朴上的所述目的路由器作为与所述逆时针出标签对应的 逆时针 LSP的终点。优选地, 所述在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的下 一跳路由器为所述非目的路由器仅分配一个以所述目的路由器为所 述逆时针 LSP的终点的逆时针出标签。 优选地, 所述逆时针出标签为 所述非目的路由器沿逆时针方向发送的 LSP报文中携带标签。
206 : 所述非目的路由器主动为其在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向 的上一跳路由器分配所述非目的路由器的顺时针入标签, 其中, 所述 顺时针入标签以所述目的路由器作为与所述顺时针入标签对应的顺 时针 LSP的终点。 优选地, 所述非目的路由器为其在所述环形拓朴的 顺时针方向的上一跳路由器仅分配一个所述非目的路由器的顺时针 入标签。优选地, 所述顺时针入标签为所述非目的路由器沿顺时针方 向接收的 LSP报文中携带的标签。
208 : 所述非目的路由器主动为其在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向 的上一跳路由器分配所述非目的路由器的逆时针入标签, 其中, 所述 逆时针入标签以所述目的路由器作为与所述逆时针入标签对应的逆 时针 LSP的终点。 优选地, 所述非目的路由器为其在所述环形拓朴的 逆时针方向的上一跳路由器仅分配一个所述非目的路由器的逆时针 入标签。优选地, 所述逆时针入标签为所述非目的路由器沿逆时针方 向接收的 LSP报文中携带的标签。
21 0 : 所述非目的路由器根据自身分配的所述顺时针入标签和自 身接收的所述顺时针出标签生成顺时针标签转发表。 其中, 所述顺时 针标签转发表是指用于沿顺时针方向转发数据流的标签转发表。
可以理解的是,步骤 21 0中所述非目的路由器的顺时针标签转发 表是基于步骤 206中分配的所述顺时针入标签和步骤 202中接收的所 述顺时针出标签生成的。
212 : 所述非目的路由器根据自身分配的所述逆时针入标签和自 身接收的所述逆时针出标签生成逆时针标签转发表。 其中, 所述逆时 针标签转发表是指用于沿逆时针方向转发数据流的标签转发表。
可以理解的是,步骤 212中所述非目的路由器的逆时针标签转发 表是基于步骤 208中分配的所述逆时针入标签和步骤 204中接收的所 述逆时针出标签生成的。
优选地, 在本实施例中, 一个顺时针 LSP为沿所述环形拓朴的顺 时针方向发送 LSP ·^艮文或数据流的 LSP ; —个逆时针 LSP为沿所述环 形拓朴的逆时针方向发送 LSP报文或数据流的 LSP。
优选地, 在本实施例中, 所述非目的路由器的顺时针出标签为其 顺时针方向的下一跳路由器的顺时针入标签;
所述非目的路由器的逆时针出标签为其逆时针方向的下一跳路 由器的逆时针入标签;
所述非目的路由器的顺时针入标签为其顺时针方向的上一跳路 由器的顺时针出标签;
所述非目的路由器的逆时针入标签为其逆时针方向的上一跳路 由器的逆时针出标签。
优选地, 在本实施例中, 为了使所述非目的路由器既可以接收其 在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的下一跳路由器分配的所述顺时针出 标签,又可以接收其在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的下一跳路由器分 配的所述逆时针出标签,可以在所述非目的路由器上配置同一 FEC既 对应顺时针标签转发表又对应逆时针标签转发表,从而使所述非目的 路由器可以接收所述顺时针出标签和所述逆时针出标签,以便后续生 成两个针对不同方向的标签转发表。
或者, 在本实施例中, 也可以在所述非目的路由器上配置两个
FEC , 每个 FEC分别对应一个标签转发表, 其中一个标签转发表为顺 时针方向的标签转发表,另一个标签转发表为逆时针方向的标签转发 表。这样也可以使所述非目的路由器能够接收所述顺时针出标签和所 述逆时针出标签, 以便后续生成两个针对不同方向的标签转发表。
需要说明的是, 本实施例采用的是主动分配标签的方式, 即: 一 个下游路由器在没有收到其上游路由器对标签的请求的情况下,主动 为其上游路由器分配标签,并且下游路由器也记录该主动分配的标签 或该主动分配的标签中的映射信息。
针对环形拓朴上的一个特定的目的路由器,每个非目的路由器都 会接收自身在所述形拓朴上的顺时针方向的下一跳路由器和逆时针 方向的下一跳路由器分别为它主动分配的标签,并会向它的顺时针的 上一跳路由器和逆时针的上一跳路由器分别主动分配一个标签。前者 为该非目的路由器的出标签, 后者为该非目的路由器的入标签。
对环形拓朴上的每一个非目的路由器都执行上述生成顺时针标 签转发表和逆时针标签转发表的的方法,可以在每个非目的路由器中 分别生成顺时针标签转发表和逆时针标签转发表。 这样, 在环形拓朴 中, 就自动分别生成了以所述目的路由器为终点的顺时针 LSP和逆时 针 LSP , 其中所述 LSP为基于 LDP的 LSP。 这样, 对于任意一个非目的路 由器, 在顺时针 LSP和逆时针 LSP中的一条为主用 LSP , 另一条为备用 LSP。这样, 当一条 LSP故障时,流量能立刻切换至另外一个方向的 LSP 上, 从而减少丟包。
为便于理解, 下面介绍一个具体的应用场景。
根据图 3 , 环形拓朴上按逆时针方向布置有七个路由器 R1-R7 ,假 设其中 R1是目的路由器, 其余的路由器 R2-R7为非目的路由器。
以 R4路由器为为例,为了在 R4上生成顺时针标签转发表和逆时针 标签转发表, R4执行以下操作:
R4接收其在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的下一跳路由器 R3主动 分配给 R4 的顺时针出标签 L 3 , L 3 以所述环形拓朴上的目的路由器 R1作为与顺时针出标签 L 3对应的标签交换路径 (LSP )终点。 优选 地, R3仅为 R4分配一个以目的路由器 R1为顺时针 LSP的终点顺时 针出标签 L 3。
R4接收其在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的下一跳路由器 R5主动 分配给 R4的逆时针出标签 L 1 0 , L1 0以所述环形拓朴上的目的路由器
Rl作为与逆时针出标签 L10对应的 LSP的终点。 优选地, R5仅为 R4 分配一个以目的路由器 R1为逆时针 LSP的终点逆时针出标签 L10。
R4主动为其在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的上一跳路由器 R5分 配 R4的顺时针入标签 L4 , L4 以所述目的路由器 R1作为与顺时针入 标签 L4对应的 LSP的终点, R5将 L4作为 R5的顺时针出标签。 优选 地, R4仅为其在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的上一跳路由器 R5分配 一个 R4的顺时针入标签。
R4主动为其在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的上一跳路由器 R3分 配 R4的逆时针入标签 Ll l , L1 1 以所述目的路由器 R1作为与逆时针 入标签 L11对应的 LSP的终点, R3将 L11作为 R3的逆时针出标签。 优选地, R4仅为其在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的上一跳路由器 R3 分配一个 R4的逆时针入标签。
因此, R4根据自身分配给 R5的顺时针入标签 L4和自身从 R3接 收的顺时针出标签 L3生成顺时针标签转发表。 并且, R4根据自身分 配给 R3的逆时针入标签 LI 1和自身从 R5接收的逆时针出标签 L10生 成逆时针标签转发表。
优选地, 为了使非目的路由器 R4既可以接收其在所述环形拓朴 的顺时针方向的下一跳路由器 R 3给它分配的顺时针出标签 L 3 , 又可 以接收其在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的下一跳路由器 R5给它分配 的逆时针出标签 L10 , 可以在 R4上配置同一 FEC既对应顺时针标签 转发表又对应逆时针标签转发表, 从而使 R4可以接收顺时针出标签 L3和逆时针出标签 L10。
或者, 也可以在 R4上配置两个 FEC , 每个 FEC分别对应一个标 签转发表, 其中一个标签转发表为顺时针标签转发表, 另一个标签转 发表为逆时针标签转发表。 这样也可以使 R4能够接收顺时针出标签 L3和逆时针出标签 L10。
以此类推,对图 3中环形拓朴上的其它非目的路由器 R2、 R3、 R5-R7 执行与 R4生成顺时针标签转发表和逆时针标签转发表的原理相同的 操作,可以为每个非目的路由器生成顺时针的标签转发表和逆时针的
标签转发表。 由此, 在所述环形拓朴上可以生成两条沿着不同环向的 到 目 的路由 器 R1 的 LSP , 分别 为 R7_R6_R5_R4_R3_R2_R1和 R2-R3-R4-R5-R6-R7-RL 对于环上任意一个非目的路由器, 都存在两 条可以到达目的路由器 R1的 LSP。 例如, 对于 R4 , 则存在 R4-R3-R2-R1 和 R4_R5_R6_R7_R1这两条 LSP;对于 R5,则存在 R5_R4_R3_R2_R1和 R5-R6-R7-R1这两条 LSP。 对于任意一个非目的路由器, 可以在其两条 到达目的路由器的 LSP中选择一条作为主用 LSP,选择另一条作为备用 LSP。 优选地, 可以选择到目的路由器距离较短的 LSP为主用 LSP, 选 择到目的路由器距离较长的 LSP为备用 LSP。 以 R4为例, 可以选择 R4- R3- R2- R1为主用 LSP , 选择 R4- R5- R6- R7- R1为备用 LSP。
当环网上出现链路故障时,发现故障的路由器可以迅速地将流量 从本路由器的主用 LSP切换至备用 LSP , 并通过该备用 LSP将流量传输 至目的路由器。
为了更清楚地说明在环形拓朴上生成主备 LSP的情况下, 如何能 减少故障时的业务丟包, 下面结合图 4-图 6 , 对环形拓朴上各路由器 的转发表项加以说明。
图 4所示的是无链路故障发生时各路由器上的转发表项。 下面以 R4为流量上环的路由器对环形拓朴上各非目的路由器的转发表项加 以说明。
图 4中的 P代表到目的路由器 R1的主用 LSP , S代表到目的路由器 R1 的备用 LSP。 箭头表示了无故障情况下报文的转发路径。 NH表示下一 跳,紧跟在 NH后面的两个字段分别表示下一跳路由器的名字以及对应 的出标签, 而 ILM后面的字段则表示在对应的 LSP上各路由器的入标 签。
图 5展示了在 R1和 R2之间出现链路故障的情况下, R2发生主备 LSP 切换时, 各路由器的转发表项。 参照图 5 , 如果 R1和 R2之间的链路出 现了故障, 那么在顺时针环向的 LSP被拆除之前, R4仍然会继续沿着 主用 LSP (顺时针环向)将报文送到 R3 , R3将报文送到 R2 , 但是报文 到达 R2之后, R2已经感知到了 R1和 R2之间的链路故障, R2路由器发
生从主用 LSP到备用 LSP的切换, 流量立刻在 R2路由器上掉头, 下一跳 转向 R3 , 出标签变为了 L12 , 然后流量沿着逆时针方向的备用 LSP转发 到目的路由器 R1 , 这样, 就大大减少了移动语音业务的丟包。
当 R2路由器上的路由重新收敛之后, R2会拆除顺时针方向的 LSP。 一旦 R3上顺时针方向的 LSP被拆除, 那么 R3也将发生主备 LSP的切换。
图 6所示为 R3发生主备 LSP切换时, 各路由器的转发表项。 参照图 6 , 从 R4路由器上环的流量在 R3路由器掉头, 下一跳转向 R4 , 出标签 变为了 L11 , 然后流量沿着逆时针方向的备用 LSP转发到目的路由器 Rl。
图 7所示的是 R4发生主备 LSP切换时, 各路由器的转发表项。 参照 图 7 ,—旦 R4上顺时针方向的主用 LSP被拆除,那么 R4也将发生主用 LSP 到备用 LSP的切换, 从 R4路由器上环的流量在 R4路由器直接掉头, 下 一跳转向 R5 , 出标签变为了 L10 , 然后流量沿着逆时针方向的 LSP转发 到目的路由器 Rl。
而对于从 R5、 R6或 R7路由器上环的流量而言, 当 R1和 R2之间的链 路出现故障时, 由于 R5、 R6及 R7到目的路由器 R1的主用 LSP本来是逆 时针方向的,因此从这几个路由器上环的流量的转发路径不会发生变 化, 仍然是沿着逆时针方向的 LSP被转发到目的路由器 Rl。
图 8 为根据本发明的实施例为环形拓朴上的一非目的路由器生 成标签转发表的装置结构图。所述环形拓朴包含一个目的路由器和多 个非目的路由器,所述装置包括于所述多个非目的路由器中的一个非 目的路由器之中, 所述装置包括如下内容。
顺时针出标签接收单元 802 , 用于接收所述装置所在的非目的路 由器在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的下一跳路由器主动分配的顺时 针出标签, 其中, 所述顺时针出标签以所述环形拓朴上的一个目的路 点,所述在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的下一跳路由器为所述装置所 在的非目的路由器仅分配一个以所述目的路由器为所述顺时针 LSP 的终点的顺时针出标签;
逆时针出标签接收单元 804 , 用于接收所述装置所在的非目的路 由器在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的下一跳路由器主动分配的逆时 针出标签, 其中, 所述逆时针出标签以所述环形拓朴上的所述目的路 由器作为与所述逆时针出标签对应的逆时针 LSP的终点,所述在所述 环形拓朴的逆时针方向的下一跳路由器为所述装置所在的非目的路 由器仅分配一个以所述目的路由器为所述逆时针 LSP 的终点的逆时 针出标签;
顺时针入标签分配单元 806 , 用于主动为所述装置所在的非目的 路由器在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的上一跳路由器分配所述装置 所在的非目的路由器的顺时针入标签, 其中, 所述顺时针入标签以所 述目的路由器作为与所述顺时针入标签对应的顺时针 LSP的终点,所 述顺时针入标签分配单元 806 为所述装置所在的非目的路由器在所 述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的上一跳路由器仅分配一个所述装置所在 的非目的路由器的顺时针入标签;
逆时针入标签分配单元 808 , 用于主动为所述装置所在的非目的 路由器在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的上一跳路由器分配所述装置 所在的非目的路由器的逆时针入标签, 其中, 所述逆时针入标签以所 述目的路由器作为与所述逆时针入标签对应的逆时针 LSP的终点,所 述逆时针入标签分配单元 808 为所述装置所在的非目的路由器在所 述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的上一跳路由器仅分配一个所述装置所在 的非目的路由器的逆时针入标签;
顺时针标签转发表生成单元 810 , 用于根据所述顺时针入标签分 配单元 806 分配的所述顺时针入标签和所述顺时针出标签接收单元 802接收的所述顺时针出标签生成顺时针标签转发表;
逆时针标签转发表生成单元 812 , 用于根据所述逆时针入标签分 配单元 808 分配的所述逆时针入标签和所述逆时针出标签接收单元 804接收的所述逆时针出标签生成逆时针标签转发表。
该装置中的每个组成单元都可以是硬件、 软件或者两者的结合。 优选地, 在图 8所示的实施例中, 所述非目的路由器的顺时针出
标签为其顺时针方向的下一跳路由器的顺时针入标签; 所述非目的路由器的逆时针出标签为其逆时针方向的下一跳路 由器的逆时针入标签;
所述非目的路由器的顺时针入标签为其顺时针方向的上一跳路 由器的顺时针出标签;
所述非目的路由器的逆时针入标签为其逆时针方向的上一跳路 由器的逆时针出标签。
可选地, 如图 9所示, 图 8所示的装置还可包括:
第一转发等价类设置单元 914,用于设置一个转发等价类( FEC ), 使所述 FEC既对应所述装置所在的非目的路由器的顺时针标签转发 表又对应所述装置所在的非目的路由器逆时针标签转发表。
或者, 可选地, 如图 10所示, 图 8所示的装置还可包括: 第二转发等价类设置单元 1014 , 用于设置两个 FEC, 使其中一 个 FEC对应所述装置所在的非目的路由器的顺时针标签转发表, 另 外一个 FEC对应所述装置所在的非目的路由器的逆时针标签转发表。
在本发明的一些实施例中, 在环形拓朴上的每个非目的路由器 上都有如图 8、 图 9或图 10所示的生成标签转发表的装置。 图 11所示的 该系统包括多个非目的路由器 1102和一个目的路由器 1104.在每个非 目的路由器 1102中均包括一个生成标签转发表的装置 800。
结合本文所揭示实施例阐述的各种例示性逻辑块、 单元、 电路、 元件及 /或组件可通过通用处理器、 数字信号处理器 (DSP )、 应用专 用集成电路(ASIC )、 现场可编程门阵列 (FPGA )或其它可编程逻 辑组件、 离散门或晶体管逻辑、 离散硬件组件、 或设计用于执行本文 所述功能的其任何组合来实施或执行。 通用处理器可为微处理器, 但 另一选择为, 处理器也可为任何常规处理器、 控制器、 微控制器、 或 状态机。 处理器也可实施为计算组件的组合, 例如 DSP与微处理器的 组合、多个微处理器的组合、一个或多个微处理器与 DSP核心的组合、 或任何其它这种配置。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或 部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成,该程序可以存储于 一种计算机可读存储介质中, 上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储 器, 磁盘或光盘等。
以上对本发明所提供的为环形拓朴上的一非目的路由器生成标 签转发表的方法、 在环形拓朴上生成两条不同环向的标签交换路径
LSP的方法、为环形拓朴上的一非目的路由器生成标签转发表的装置 统进行了详细介绍。对于本领域的一般技术人员, 依据本发明实施例 的思想, 在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处, 因此, 本说 明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
Claims
1、一种为环形拓朴上的一非目的路由器生成标签转发表的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括:
所述非目的路由器接收其在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的下一 跳路由器主动分配的顺时针出标签, 其中, 所述顺时针出标签以所述 环形拓朴上的一个目的路由器作为与所述顺时针出标签对应的顺时 针标签交换路径 LSP的终点,所述在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的下 一跳路由器为所述非目的路由器仅分配一个以所述目的路由器为所 述顺时针 LSP的终点的顺时针出标签;
所述非目的路由器接收其在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的下一 跳路由器主动分配的逆时针出标签, 其中, 所述逆时针出标签以所述 环形拓朴上的所述目的路由器作为与所述逆时针出标签对应的逆时 针 LSP的终点,所述在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的下一跳路由器为 所述非目的路由器仅分配一个以所述目的路由器为所述逆时针 LSP 的终点的逆时针出标签;
所述非目的路由器主动为其在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的上 一跳路由器分配所述非目的路由器的顺时针入标签, 其中, 所述顺时 针入标签以所述目的路由器作为与所述顺时针入标签对应的顺时针
LSP的终点, 所述非目的路由器为其在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的 上一跳路由器仅分配一个所述非目的路由器的顺时针入标签;
所述非目的路由器主动为其在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的上 一跳路由器分配所述非目的路由器的逆时针入标签, 其中, 所述逆时 针入标签以所述目的路由器作为与所述逆时针入标签对应的逆时针
LSP的终点, 所述非目的路由器为其在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的 上一跳路由器仅分配一个所述非目的路由器的逆时针入标签;
所述非目的路由器根据自身分配的所述顺时针入标签和自身接 收的所述顺时针出标签生成顺时针标签转发表;
所述非目的路由器根据自身分配的所述逆时针入标签和自身接 收的所述逆时针出标签生成逆时针标签转发表。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于,
所述非目的路由器的顺时针出标签为其顺时针方向的下一跳路 由器的顺时针入标签;
所述非目的路由器的逆时针出标签为其逆时针方向的下一跳路 由器的逆时针入标签;
所述非目的路由器的顺时针入标签为其顺时针方向的上一跳路 由器的顺时针出标签;
所述非目的路由器的逆时针入标签为其逆时针方向的上一跳路 由器的逆时针出标签。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法进 一步包括:
配置一个转发等价类 FEC, 使所述 FEC既对应所述非目的路由 器的顺时针标签转发表又对应所述非目的路由器的逆时针标签转发 表。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法进 一步包括:
配置两个 FEC, 使其中一个 FEC对应所述非目的路由器的顺时 针标签转发表, 另外一个 FEC对应所述非目的路由器的逆时针标签 转发表。
5、 一种在环形拓朴上生成两条不同环向的标签交换路径 LSP的 方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括:
所述环形拓朴上的每个非目的路由器都执行如权利要求 1至 4中 任一项所述的方法,在每个非目的路由器上分别生成各自的顺时针标 签转发表和逆时针标签转发表,从而根据所述环形网络中每个非目的 路由器的顺时针标签转发表和逆时针标签转发表,以便在所述环形拓 朴中分别生成以所述目的路由器为终点的顺时针 LSP和逆时针 LSP, 其中, 对于任意一个非目的路由器, 在顺时针 LSP和逆时针 LSP中的 一条为主用 LSP , 另一条为备用 LSP。
6、一种为环形拓朴上的一非目的路由器生成标签转发表的装置, 所述环形拓朴包含一个目的路由器和多个非目的路由器, 其特征在 于, 所述装置包括:
顺时针出标签接收单元,用于接收所述装置所在的非目的路由器 在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的下一跳路由器主动分配的顺时针出 标签, 其中, 所述顺时针出标签以所述环形拓朴上的一个目的路由器 述在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的下一跳路由器为所述装置所在的 非目的路由器仅分配一个以所述目的路由器为所述顺时针 LSP 的终 点的顺时针出标签;
逆时针出标签接收单元,用于接收所述装置所在的非目的路由器 在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的下一跳路由器主动分配的逆时针出 标签, 其中, 所述逆时针出标签以所述环形拓朴上的所述目的路由器 作为与所述逆时针出标签对应的逆时针 LSP的终点,所述在所述环形 拓朴的逆时针方向的下一跳路由器为所述装置所在的非目的路由器 仅分配一个以所述目的路由器为所述逆时针 LSP 的终点的逆时针出 标签;
顺时针入标签分配单元,用于主动为所述装置所在的非目的路由 器在所述环形拓朴的顺时针方向的上一跳路由器分配所述装置所在 的非目的路由器的顺时针入标签, 其中, 所述顺时针入标签以所述目 的路由器作为与所述顺时针入标签对应的顺时针 LSP的终点,所述顺 时针入标签分配单元为所述装置所在的非目的路由器在所述环形拓 朴的顺时针方向的上一跳路由器仅分配一个所述装置所在的非目的 路由器的顺时针入标签;
逆时针入标签分配单元,用于主动为所述装置所在的非目的路由 器在所述环形拓朴的逆时针方向的上一跳路由器分配所述装置所在 的非目的路由器的逆时针入标签, 其中, 所述逆时针入标签以所述目 的路由器作为与所述逆时针入标签对应的逆时针 LSP的终点,所述逆 时针入标签分配单元为所述装置所在的非目的路由器在所述环形拓 朴的逆时针方向的上一跳路由器仅分配一个所述装置所在的非目的 路由器的逆时针入标签;
顺时针标签转发表生成单元,用于根据所述顺时针入标签分配单 元分配的所述顺时针入标签和所述顺时针出标签接收单元接收的所 述顺时针出标签生成顺时针标签转发表;
逆时针标签转发表生成单元,用于根据所述逆时针入标签分配单 元分配的所述逆时针入标签和所述逆时针出标签接收单元接收的所 述逆时针出标签生成逆时针标签转发表。
7、 根据权利要求 5或 6所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置进 一步包括:
第一 FEC设置单元, 用于设置一个转发等价类 (FEC ), 使所述 FEC 既对应所述装置所在的非目的路由器的顺时针标签转发表又对 应所述装置所在的非目的路由器逆时针标签转发表。
8、 根据权利要求 5或 6所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置进 一步包括:
第二 FEC设置单元, 用于设置两个 FEC , 使其中一个 FEC对应 所述装置所在的非目的路由器的顺时针标签转发表, 另外一个 FEC 对应所述装置所在的非目的路由器的逆时针标签转发表。
9、 一种环形网络系统, 其特征在于, 所述系统包括:
一个目的路由器和多个非目的路由器;
所述环形拓朴上的每个非目的路由器包括如权利要求 6-8中任一 项所述的装置。
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