WO2012163581A1

WO2012163581A1 - Radiation protection for solar receiver unit

Info

Publication number: WO2012163581A1
Application number: PCT/EP2012/056194
Authority: WO
Inventors: Felix ANDLAUER; Till Doerbeck
Original assignee: Kraftanlagen München Gmbh
Priority date: 2011-05-31
Filing date: 2012-04-04
Publication date: 2012-12-06
Also published as: DE102011102918A1; DE202011103695U1

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar receiver unit, comprising a basic construction (54) having at least one exposure side on which a receiver (20) for solar radiation which is reflected by heliostats (12) is arranged, wherein the receiver (20) is delimited laterally, at least substantially around its periphery, by a radiation protection device (52) which comprises a carrier arrangement (62) which is fastened to the building construction (54) and on which are fastened insulating material panels (56) which each have a base plate (78) on which insulating material (88) is arranged.

Description

Radiation protection for solar receiver unit The invention relates to a solar receiver unit.

A solar receiver unit, for example, a solar tower of a solar thermal power plant and serves in this case to solar radiation, which is directed by a positioned in front of the solar tower heliostat data field or mirror array on a receiver of the solar tower, so that a heat-treated by the radiation carrier medium for Generation of steam can be used, which drives a turbine of a conventional power plant part that generates electricity. The solar tower, for example, has a height of 50 m. The receiver is arranged in the head region of the solar tower on an irradiation side, which faces the heliostat field and on which at least a majority of the solar radiation reflected by the heliostats strikes. It is desirable that the entire solar radiation reflected by the heliostats strike the receiver. However, this is not always guaranteed in practice. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a radiation protection device on at least one irradiation side of the solar receiver unit, which protects certain areas and certain technical facilities of the solar receiver unit from high radiation power.

The invention has for its object to provide a solar receiver unit with a radiation protection device, which is connected in an optimized manner to a building construction of the solar receiver unit.

This object is achieved by the solar receiver unit with the Merkma- len of claim 1. According to the invention, therefore, a solar receiver unit is proposed, which comprises a building or basic construction with at least one irradiation side, on which a receiver for solar radiation is arranged, which is reflected by heliostats. The receiver is preferably laterally delimited at least largely by a radiation protection device which comprises a carrier arrangement which is fastened to the building structure and fastened to the insulating material panels, which each have a base plate on which insulating material is arranged.

By the support assembly to which the Dämmstoffpaneele are attached, an optimized attachment of the radiation protection device to the building construction and also a good thermal decoupling between the radiation protection device and the building construction is possible. In the adjacent to the receiver or these enclosing areas of the irradiation side of the solar receiver unit, which may be exposed during operation of a high radiation exposure, thus a protection against excessive and possibly harmful temperatures is guaranteed. The solar receiver unit according to the invention is designed for example as a solar tower or receiver block of a solar thermal power plant. By means of the solar tower or the receiver block, a turbine of a conventional power plant part is driven. However, the solar receiver unit can also be part of a solar oven, a plant for the thermal generation of hydrogen and / or synthesis gas or any other system in which solar radiation is used in a concentrated manner.

In order to be able to impart optimized shaping and orientation to the radiation protection and to be able to optimally align the receiver with respect to the heliostats, the building construction in a preferred embodiment of the solar tower according to the invention has a substructure on which the carrier arrangement is arranged. At this the receiver can be attached. For example, the substructure is a so-called primary steel construction, to which the so-called secondary steel construction representing carrier assembly is attached. The substructure thus forms an interface to the building or basic construction of the solar receiver unit. It is also conceivable that the support assembly is connected to a concrete or masonry of the building or basic construction of the solar receiver unit. For easy attachment of the Dämmstoffpaneele the support assembly is preferably formed from steel profiles, which in particular extend in the horizontal direction and expediently have fastening webs. For example, the steel profiles are each formed as so-called double T-profiles. Also, the substructure forming the primary steel structure may comprise double T-sections to which the double T-profiles of the carrier assembly are attached.

In order not to transfer thermal deformations of the radiation protection device or of the carrier arrangement to the building construction, it is advantageous if the steel profiles of the carrier arrangement are each fastened to the building construction or the substructure via a fixed-lot bearing. For example, the fixed-lot storage is formed by the fact that the steel profiles of the support assembly are rigidly connected at least one place with the building structure or the substructure and have at least one further location an elongated hole, which penetrated by a connected to the building construction or substructure mounting screw is. In this way, a deformation caused by temperature influences, in particular an expansion of the steel profiles in the limits given by the length of the slots is possible without the respective fastening screw in the extension direction of the slots would be claimed in shear. The fixed bearing of the fixed-lot storage is particularly arranged in the lying near the receiver areas of the respective Stahlpro fils, whereas the realized through the slot lots storage in the receiver remote end portions of the respective steel profile is formed.

In order to absorb vertically acting forces and so to relieve the fastening screw which passes through the respective slot, the substructure for the steel profiles of the support assembly in each case at least one support, which is preferably formed by a welded to the substructure sheet. Vertical forces can thus be supported by the overlay, so that only forces acting in the axial direction of the screws on the substructure are transmitted via the screw connection formed by the fastening screw. For thermal separation of the substructure from the carrier arrangement, an insulating material is preferably arranged between the substructure and the carrier arrangement. The insulating material is formed for example from a ceramic plate or layer. This expediently has a low thermal conductivity, a high compressive strength and a high temperature resistance.

The connection of the Dämmstoffpaneele to the support assembly is carried out in a preferred embodiment of the solar tower according to the invention via a clamping connector assembly. This ensures easy mounting of the insulating panels and in particular attacks the fastening webs of the steel profiles of the carrier arrangement.

A Klemmverbinderanordnung, with the tolerances of the steel structure can optionally be compensated, for example, includes a threaded stud, which is arranged on a rear side of the respective Dämmstoffpaneels and passes through a clamp, which rests against the support assembly and is secured by a nut.

In a specific embodiment of the solar tower according to the invention, the insulating material is formed from fiber mats whose plane is arranged at right angles to the plane of the respective base plate. The fiber mats are formed in particular of polycrystalline ceramic fibers and have a high heat resistance, which can go up to about 1400 ° C. Fiber mats may be attached to the respective base plate in such a way that no radiation impinges directly on the attachment means. Also, any joints between the individual fiber mats of a Dämmstoffpaneels can be closed by pressing the material.

In an alternative embodiment can also be used as Dämmmaterial Keramikfaser- plates whose plane is arranged parallel to the plane of the base plate. The attachment of these plates to a base plate of the respective panel can be done via screw and / or anchor bolts.

In a specific embodiment of the solar receiver unit according to the invention, the insulating material is fixed by means of a ceramic adhesive to the base plate. Additionally or alternatively, the insulating material is secured by means of a through anchor to the base plate, which is aligned parallel to the plane of the base plate and is fixed to retaining tabs of the base plate. In particular, the push-through anchor engages through a plurality of mutually parallel ceramic fiber mats, which form the insulating material.

For better mechanical attachment of the insulating material by means of the ceramic adhesive can be arranged between the insulating material and the base plate, which is in particular made of a metal sheet, an expanded sheet.

The front side of the radiation protection device may have a heat-resistant coating with which the insulation panels are provided. The heat-resistant coating is in particular made of a ceramic material and seals the open sides of the insulating panels and thus prevents deeper penetration of water and light. The heat-resistant coating thus forms a homogeneous surface of the radiation protection device. Preferably, the heat-resistant coating of the assembly of the individual insulating panels is applied to the support assembly in the manner of a plaster.

In order to further increase the weather resistance of the radiation protection device, the insulating panels and / or the heat-resistant coating of the insulating panels may be provided with a water-repellent impregnation. Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are the description, the drawings and the claims removed.

An exemplary embodiment of a solar receiver unit according to the invention is shown schematically simplified in the drawing and will be explained in more detail in the following description. 1 shows a schematic overview of a solar thermal power plant with solar tower;

2 shows a head section of the solar tower with receiver and radiation protection; 3 shows a support structure for the radiation protection; 4 shows a distribution of insulation panels of the radiation protection;

FIG. 5 shows a connection of a carrier arrangement of the radiation protection to a substructure; FIG.

6 shows the type of connection of the Dämmstoffpaneele to the carrier assembly. 7 shows an insulating panel in isolation; and

Fig. 8 shows the connection of ceramic fiber mats to a base plate of the Dämmstoffpaneels.

In Fig. 1, a solar thermal power plant 10 is shown, which comprises a formed of a plurality of heliostats 12 mirror array 14 and a solar receiver unit representing solar tower 16, which is arranged in front of the mirror array 14 and in the direction of the sun 18 outgoing radiation by means of Heliostat 12 is reflected in a concentrated manner. The solar tower 16 has a receiver 20 for receiving the concentrated radiation, in which air is heated, which is circulated in an air circuit 22 and / or is sucked from the environment. In the air circuit 22, a steam boiler 24 is arranged, which is also associated with a steam cycle 26 and in which for driving a turbine 28 hot steam is generated. The turbine 28 drives a generator 30, by means of which power is generated, which is supplied via a line 32 to a power grid. The steam flowing through the turbine 28 is liquefied in a condenser 36 arranged downstream of the turbine. The condensate is returned to the boiler 24 by means of a pump 38. The condenser 36 is connected in a condenser circuit 40 to a recooler 42 communicating with the ambient air. For operating the condenser circuit 40, this further comprises a pump 44.

With the help of the heliostat 12, it is possible to focus the radiation emitted by the sun 18 in up to 1000 times concentrated manner on the receiver 20. The receiver 20 causes the air in the air circuit 22 upstream of the boiler 24 and sucked from the surrounding air by the solar energy so radiated heat absorbs and is heated to temperatures of 600 ° C to 800 ° C. This heat is on the one hand to the boiler 24 and the other to a heat storage 46th passed, by means of which a steam generation in the boiler 24 is possible in phases in which no solar radiation hits the receiver 20.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, the solar tower 16 has a solar tower head 48, in the region of which the receiver 20 is arranged centrally on an irradiation side 50 of the solar tower 16. The receiver 20 has a front side which is inclined relative to the vertical. 2, a radiation protection device 52 is arranged on the irradiation side 50 in the area of the solar tower head 48, which circumscribes the receiver 20, which has a rectangular outline, and extends as far as the lateral edges of the irradiation side 50. The radiation protection device 52 serves to keep concentrated solar radiation, which does not strike directly on the central target area formed by the receiver 20, away from a building or basic construction 54 and to limit the temperatures prevailing there to a technically meaningful extent. In normal operation, concentrated solar radiation with a power density of, for example, up to 500 kW / m ^{2 can} strike the radiation protection device 52. In the event of an incident, the incident radiation density can also be up to 950 kW / m ² for a short time, which could impair the function of the solar tower without a radiation protection device.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 4, the radiation protection device 52 comprises a multiplicity of insulating material panels 56 arranged side by side and one above the other, each having a base area of approximately 600 mm × 600 mm.

To connect the Dämmstoffpaneele 56 to the building construction 54 of the solar tower 16, the building structure 54 is provided with a substructure 58, the front side steel beams 60 includes that extend at least substantially in the vertical direction and are each formed of a double-T profile beam. The substructure 58 represents an interface for connecting the radiation protection device 52 to the solar tower 16.

Attached to the steel girders 60 is a beam assembly 62 formed of horizontally extending steel double T-beams 64. The substructure 58 therefore forms a primary steel structure and the carrier arrangement 62 forms a secondary steel construction for the radiation protection device 52. The double-T beams are each fixed to the steel girders 60 of the substructure 58 via a fixed-lot bearing, in such a way that the double-T girders 64 each have a steel girder 60 of the substructure arranged near a longitudinal center plane of the solar tower 16 58 are rigidly connected and the double-T-beam 64 for connection to a lying on the longitudinal center plane outside steel beams 60 each have two slots 66 which are each penetrated by a fastening screw 68 which engages in a corresponding thread of the respective steel beam 60. Thus, a linear expansion of the double-T carrier can be compensated as a result of an increase in temperature, without resulting forces are transmitted to the substructure 58. For recording in vertical

Direction acting forces are welded to the steel beam 60 sheets 70, which serve as a support over which support the double-T-beam 64 of the support assembly 62 respectively in the area of Los storage.

For thermal decoupling between the carrier arrangement 62 and the substructure 58, an insulating material 72, which is formed from a ceramic plate, is arranged in each case between the double-T carriers 64 and the steel carriers 60.

As can be seen from FIG. 6, the insulating material panels 56 are each fastened to the double-T-beams 64 of the carrier arrangement 62 via at least one clamping connector arrangement 74. Each insulating panel 56 is attached to two stacked double T-beams 64 each by means of a clamp connector assembly 74. The respective clamping connector arrangement 74 comprises a stud bolt 76, which protrudes at right angles at the rear side of a base plate 78 of the respective insulating panel 56 and is designed as a threaded bolt. The respective stud 76 passes through a clamping bracket 80, which is supported on the one hand on the back of the respective base plate 78 and on the other hand on the respective double-T-carrier 64. Furthermore, the stud bolt 76 passes through a positioning bracket 82, which bears laterally against the respective double-T-beam 64. The clamping bracket 80 and the positioning bracket 82 are secured by means of a nut 84, so that the base plate 78 or the respective insulating material panel 56 is fixed to the carrier arrangement 62. The clamp connector assembly 74 is thus formed in the manner of a so-called Lindapter clamp connection and can Record thermal expansion of the Dämmstoffpaneele 56, so that no voltages from the respective Dämmstoffpaneel 56 are transferred to the support assembly 62.

7, the insulating panels 56 on the side facing away from the carrier assembly 62 on the base plates 78 in each case an expansion plate 86 which is attached via welded pins on the plate plate forming a base plate 78.

Insulating material 88 is arranged on the respective expansion plate 86 and, as can be seen in FIG. 8, is formed from a stack of ceramic fiber mats 90 which are made of aluminum oxide and / or silicate fibers and whose plane is arranged at right angles to the plane of the base plate 78 is. The ceramic fiber mats 90 are on the one hand via a ceramic adhesive, not shown on the stretch plate 86 and the base plate 78 of the Dämmstoffpaneels 56 and on the other hand by means of a through anchor 92 attached to the base plate 78. The push-through anchor 92 passes through the ceramic fiber mats 90 at right angles to their planes and is thus aligned parallel to the plane of the base plate 78. In its end regions of the push-through anchor 92 is fixed in each case to a retaining tab 94 which is formed on the base plate 78.

The Dämmstoffpaneele 56 are provided on the side facing away from the substructure 58 in its entirety with a heat-resistant, optionally multi-layer coating of a ceramic material, which also fills joints between the individual Dämmstoffpaneelen 56. To increase the weather resistance, the heat-resistant coating is further provided with an impregnation, not shown.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

Power plant 70 sheet metal

Heliostats 72 Insulating material

Mirror array 74 clamp connector assembly

Solar Tower 76 Studs

Sun 78 base plate

Receiver 80 clamp

Air circuit 82 Positioning bracket

Steam boiler 84 nut

Steam cycle 86 Expanded sheet

Turbine 88 insulating material

Generator 90 ceramic fiber mat

Cable 92 push-through anchor

Capacitor 94 Retaining tab

pump

Condenser circuit

drycoolers

pump

heat storage

Solar tower head

irradiation side

Radiation shielding device

building construction

Dämmstoffpaneel

substructure

steel beams

carrier assembly

Double-T-carrier

Long hole

fixing screw

Claims

claims

A solar receiver unit comprising a basic construction (54) with at least one irradiation side, on which a solar radiation receiver (20) is reflected, which is reflected by heliostats (12), the receiver (20) being delimited by a radiation protection device (52) a support assembly (62) attached to the building structure (54) and secured to the insulation panel (56), each having a base plate (78) on which insulation material (88) is disposed.

Solar receiver unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the basic construction (54) has a substructure (58) on which the carrier arrangement (62) is arranged.

Solar receiver unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the carrier arrangement (62) is formed from steel profiles (64), which preferably extend in the horizontal direction.

4. solar receiver unit according to claim 3, characterized in that the steel profiles (64) are attached in each case via a fixed-lot storage on the substructure (58).

Solar receiver unit according to claim 4, characterized in that the fixed-lot storage is formed by the fact that the steel profiles (64) in each case at least one point rigidly connected to the substructure (58) and in each case at least one further point a slot (66) which is penetrated by a fastening screw (68) connected to the substructure (58).

Solar receiver unit according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the substructure (58) for the steel profiles (64) has in each case at least one support, which is preferably formed by a metal sheet (70) welded to the substructure (58).

Solar receiver unit according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that between the substructure (58) and the carrier assembly (62) an insulating material (72) is arranged, which thermally separates the substructure (58) and the carrier assembly (62).

Solar receiver unit according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the Dämmstoffpaneele (56) via a clamping connector assembly (74) to the support assembly (62) are attached.

Solar receiver unit according to claim 8, characterized in that the clamping connector arrangement (74) comprises a stud bolt (76) which is arranged on a rear side of the respective insulating panel (56) and which passes through a clamping bracket (80) attached to the carrier assembly ( 62) and is secured by a nut (84).

1 0. solar receiver unit according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the insulating material (88) of fiber mats, in particular of ceramic fiber mats (90) is formed, whose plane is perpendicular to the plane of the j eweiligen base plate (78).

1 1. Solar receiver unit according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the insulating material (88) by means of a ceramic adhesive to the base plate (78) is attached.

12. Solar receiver unit according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that the insulating material (88) by means of a push-through anchor (92) on the base plate (78) is attached, which is parallel to

Level of the base plate (78) is aligned and fixed to retaining tabs (94) of the base plate (78).

13. Solar receiver unit according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that between the insulating material (88) and the base plate (78) sis an expansion plate (86) is arranged.

14. solar receiver unit according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the insulating material (88) of the Dämmstoffpaneele (56) on the side facing away from the base construction with a heat-resistant coating, in particular a ceramic coating is provided.

15. Solar receiver unit according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the Dämmstoffpaneele (56) are provided with a water-repellent impregnation.