WO2012163029A1 - 启动恢复的方法和装置 - Google Patents

启动恢复的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012163029A1
WO2012163029A1 PCT/CN2011/081504 CN2011081504W WO2012163029A1 WO 2012163029 A1 WO2012163029 A1 WO 2012163029A1 CN 2011081504 W CN2011081504 W CN 2011081504W WO 2012163029 A1 WO2012163029 A1 WO 2012163029A1
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Prior art keywords
hard disk
operating system
flash rom
configuration information
backed
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PCT/CN2011/081504
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
侯国良
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN201180002245.2A priority Critical patent/CN102439565B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2011/081504 priority patent/WO2012163029A1/zh
Publication of WO2012163029A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012163029A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/44Arrangements for executing specific programs
    • G06F9/4401Bootstrapping
    • G06F9/4403Processor initialisation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of startup recovery technologies, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for boot recovery. Background technique
  • the BIOS Basic Input Output System
  • the BIOS program is stored in a ROM (Read Only Memory) that will not be lost after power-off. When the system is powered on, the address of the first instruction of the processor will be located in the ROM for the BIOS program. Get executed.
  • the BIOS is a software program, but since it is a program that is hardened in hardware read-only memory, it is also called firmware.
  • a traditional MBR (Master Boot Record) hard drive with a maximum capacity of 2TB (TeraBytes, terabytes) and a maximum of 4 primary partitions per disk, or 3 primary partitions, 1 extended partition, and Unlimited logical drive.
  • the GPT Globally Unique Identifier Partition Table
  • GPT is a new disk partitioning architecture with a maximum capacity of 18EB (ExaBytes) and a maximum of 4.3 billion partitions per disk.
  • critical platform operations data is located in partitions rather than in non-partitioned or hidden sectors.
  • the GPT partition disk also has a primary partition table (Primary GPT) and a backup partition table (Backup GPT) to improve the integrity of the partition data structure.
  • GPT headers and partition tables are stored at the beginning and end of the GPT hard drive. Due to virus damage, operational errors, and many accidental factors, the GPT header and partition table may be damaged, and the operating system may not be loaded properly, or even the boot sector may be damaged, resulting in data loss in the hard disk.
  • the first method is to back up the GPT header and partition table information under DOS (Disk Operating System), and then boot the operating system in the BIOS. When the problem occurs, load the backup information into the fault fan. Zone to complete the startup recovery.
  • the second method is to use the data backup software Symantec ghost for partition backup or backup of the entire hard disk, and then start recovery under the DOS interface.
  • the first method is to perform a hard disk backup in the DOS state, which is prone to errors or failures.
  • the second method requires a long time to back up the partition or the entire hard disk, and the recovery time is also long.
  • the backup requires a large amount of storage space and wastes resources.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for starting recovery, which realizes automatic backup of the hard disk and improves the success rate of the startup recovery.
  • the technical solution is as follows:
  • a method of initiating recovery comprising:
  • the advanced configuration and power management interface ACPI function is enabled to back up the configuration information of the hard disk to the flash ROM of the flash ROM;
  • the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM is loaded into the hard disk to start the operating system, or the operating system is started by the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM.
  • a device for initiating recovery comprising:
  • the backup module is configured to enable the ACPI function of the advanced configuration and the power management interface when the operating system is booted, and back up the configuration information of the hard disk to the flash ROM of the flash ROM;
  • the recovery module is configured to load the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM into the hard disk to start the operating system, or start the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM when the operating system fails again. operating system.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: when the ACPI function is enabled by the operating system, the hard disk configuration information is backed up to the Flash ROM, and when the operating system is booted again and the boot fails, the backup hard disk configuration information is loaded to the hard disk.
  • the operating system, or the operating system is booted by the backup hard disk configuration information, realizing the automatic backup of the hard disk, and quick start recovery, the operation is simple, the requirements for the operator are greatly reduced, and the success rate of the startup recovery is improved.
  • the information related to the hard disk is dynamically backed up, and even if the information related to the hard disk is changed, manual operation is not required, the time and effort of the user are greatly saved, and the data on the hard disk is well protected.
  • Embodiment 1 is a flowchart of a method for starting recovery provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • Embodiment 2 is a flowchart of a method for starting recovery provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a GPT hard disk provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an MBR hard disk provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of an apparatus for starting recovery provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. detailed description
  • the boot operating system is executed by the BIOS.
  • the BIOS When booting up, the BIOS will find a bootable file, read the program into the memory, and jump to the beginning of the segment of memory. Execute the program to start booting the operating system. Process.
  • the bootable file is usually stored on a hard disk, and when the hard disk has multiple partitions, the bootable file is stored on a certain partition. Which of the multiple partitions of the hard disk is a partition that stores bootable files is known from the partition table of the hard disk. If the hard disk's partition table is abnormal, it will cause the bootable file to fail to fail, and the boot operating system will fail and the boot process will not complete.
  • This embodiment provides a method for starting recovery, which implements automatic backup of the hard disk and improves the success rate of startup recovery.
  • the method includes:
  • the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM is loaded to the hard disk to start the operating system, or the operating system is started by the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM.
  • ACPI defines a new working interface between Windows, BIOS and system hardware. These interfaces Includes mechanisms that allow Windows to control power management and device configuration.
  • the BIOS performs various functions in accordance with the relevant protocols. Usually after the bootable file is successfully read, the operating system is booted, and then the ACPI function is enabled, so that the subsequent operations can be performed according to ACPI.
  • the hard disk configuration information in the embodiment of the present invention refers to related information when the hard disk is configured, and generally includes a hard disk head and a partition table, but does not include the contents of each partition divided on the hard disk, and is compared with all the information of the existing configured hard disk.
  • Hard disk configuration information saves storage space and greatly avoids waste.
  • the above method provided in this embodiment can be applied to both a GPT hard disk and an MBR hard disk.
  • the hard drive configuration information includes the GPT header and partition table.
  • the hard drive configuration information includes the MBR partition table.
  • the Flash ROM is a flash ROM, which is a kind of non-volatile memory, which is usually used on the motherboard of a computer to save the BIOS program and facilitate the program upgrade.
  • the configuration information of the hard disk can be protected, so that the recovery can be started, and the security of the backup information is also improved.
  • the partition table exception includes information abnormality in the partition table, such as data loss, or the sector where the partition table is located, such as sector corruption.
  • the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the flash ROM can be loaded into the hard disk, and the operating system is further started according to the hard disk configuration information in the hard disk, thereby completing the startup process of the operating system. , can solve the problem that the hard disk configuration information is lost and the operating system fails to boot.
  • the operating system can be started by the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM, which can solve the problem that the operating system fails to boot due to sector damage.
  • the backing up the configuration information of the hard disk to the flash ROM of the flash ROM may include: determining whether the configuration information of the hard disk includes the globally unique identifier partition table GPT header and the partition table, and all are complete; if yes, the GPT header is And the partition table is written into the Flash ROM;
  • the foregoing method provides the method for backing up hard disk configuration information to the Flash ROM when the ACPI function is enabled by the operating system, and when the operating system is booted again and the boot fails, the backup hard disk configuration information is loaded to the hard disk to start the operating system, or
  • the backup hard disk configuration information starts the operating system, realizes automatic backup of the hard disk, and quick start recovery, which is simple in operation and greatly reduces the operation.
  • the requirements of personnel have improved the success rate of starting recovery.
  • the information related to the hard disk is dynamically backed up, and even if the information related to the hard disk is changed, no manual operation is required, which greatly saves the user's time and effort compared with the existing manual backup in the DOS state by manual, and is very good.
  • the protection of the data on the hard disk also reduces the requirements for the operator.
  • only the configuration information of the backup hard disk can greatly save the storage space occupied by the backup, reduce the backup time, improve the backup efficiency, and improve the backup efficiency even in the existing hard disk and the partition.
  • the content has changed and there is no need to re-backup, and the application is more flexible.
  • this embodiment provides a method for starting recovery, including:
  • Trigger SMI System Management Interrupt
  • enter SMM System Management Mode
  • SMRAM System Management RAM
  • 203 Write the configuration information of the hard disk into the Flash ROM to complete the backup of the hard disk configuration information.
  • the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM is loaded to the hard disk to start the operating system, or the operating system is started by the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM.
  • the boot failure of the operating system in this embodiment refers to a boot failure caused by an abnormality of the partition table, including an abnormality in the information in the partition table or an abnormality in the sector in which the partition table is located.
  • SMM is an execution mode of a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that Intel introduced the X86 architecture after 386SL. Only through SMI can the system management mode be entered. After the backup is completed, the SMI is exited. Specifically, the RSM (Real Storage Management) instruction can be used to jump to the BISO program to continue execution before the execution of the SMI interrupt.
  • the system management mode has higher management authority than the operating system. The operating system cannot sense the SMM mode. The operations in the SMM mode are blocked, and the operating system cannot sense it. The boot process of the operating system is suspended. . By introducing backup of hard disk configuration information into SMM mode, security can be greatly improved.
  • the related information of the hard disk may be related information of the GPT hard disk
  • the foregoing step 203 may specifically include: Determine whether the configuration information of the read hard disk includes the GPT header and the partition table, and the GPT header and the partition table are complete; if yes, the GPT header and the partition table are written into the Flash ROM.
  • GPT drives include GPT headers, partition tables, and individual partitions.
  • the GPT header includes a protected MBR (Protective MBR), a primary GPT (Primary GPT), and a backup GPT (Backup GPT).
  • the protected MBR refers to information related to maintaining MBR compatibility.
  • the main GPT is the partition table through which each partition can be found.
  • Backup GPT refers to the backup of the primary GPT.
  • the configuration information of the hard disk may also be the configuration information of the MBR hard disk. Accordingly, the foregoing step 203 may specifically include:
  • the MBR hard disk includes the MBR partition table and each partition.
  • the MBR partition table can be used to find the partitions of the hard disk.
  • the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM is loaded into the hard disk booting operation system, and the configuration information of the hard disk is loaded onto the boot sector of the hard disk to start the operating system.
  • step 205 may specifically include:
  • the operating system is started by the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM.
  • the foregoing method provides the method for backing up hard disk configuration information to the Flash ROM when the ACPI function is enabled by the operating system, and when the operating system is booted again and the boot fails, the backup hard disk configuration information is loaded to the hard disk to start the operating system, or
  • the backup hard disk configuration information starts the operating system, realizes automatic backup of the hard disk, and quick start recovery, which is simple in operation, greatly reduces the requirements on the operator, and improves the success rate of startup recovery.
  • the information related to the hard disk is dynamically backed up, and even if the information related to the hard disk is changed, no manual operation is required, which greatly saves the user's time and effort compared with the existing manual backup in the DOS state by manual, and is very good.
  • the protection of the data on the hard disk also reduces the requirements for the operator.
  • only the configuration information of the backup hard disk can greatly save the storage space occupied by the backup, reduce the backup time, improve the backup efficiency, and improve the backup efficiency even in the existing hard disk and the partition. The content has changed and there is no need to re-backup, and the application is more flexible.
  • the method supports both the MBR hard disk and the GPT hard disk, and does not require a third-party tool.
  • the operation is simple, easy to grasp, and the success rate is high, which not only solves the problem that the hard disk configuration information is lost and the operating system fails to boot, but also Solve the problem of sector corruption leading to operating system boot failure.
  • Example 3
  • the step of backing up the configuration information of the hard disk to the flash ROM involved in the embodiment 1 or the embodiment 2 may specifically include the following steps. :
  • the configuration information of the hard disk is backed up to the flash ROM of the flash ROM.
  • the backup of the hard disk configuration information in the Flash ROM can be avoided, and the backup process is saved, thereby improving the backup efficiency.
  • the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM is loaded into the hard disk to start the operating system, or the operating system is started by the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM.
  • the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM is loaded into the hard disk to start the operating system, or the operating system is started by the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM.
  • the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM is loaded to the hard disk to start the operating system, or the operating system is started by the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM.
  • the user can be selected and the recovery is started according to the user's selection, which fully considers the user's needs, improves the user's participation, enhances the user's satisfaction, and enhances the user's experience.
  • the first implementation manner and the second implementation manner may also be combined.
  • the Flash ROM is judged, and the user is selected to start recovery before the recovery is started, thereby saving the operation.
  • the backup process improves efficiency and enhances users Satisfaction improves the user experience.
  • the key information on the hard disk is also backed up to the Flash ROM.
  • the key information backed up in the Flash ROM is loaded onto the device that uses the key information.
  • the key information may be information that needs to be protected, such as a password, a certificate, a key, a CD/DVD, a flash drive, or a network hard disk. By backing up key information in the Flash ROM, the key information can be greatly improved. safety.
  • Example 4
  • the embodiment provides a device for starting recovery, including:
  • the backup module 501 is configured to enable the ACPI function of the advanced configuration and the power management interface when the operating system is booted, and back up the configuration information of the hard disk to the flash ROM of the flash ROM;
  • the recovery module 502 is configured to load the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM to the hard disk to start the operating system, or start the operating system through the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM when the operating system is booted again and the boot fails.
  • the backup module 501 can be specifically configured to: when the basic input/output system BIOS boots the operating system, enable the ACPI function; trigger the system management interrupt SMI, jump to the system management memory SMRAM to read the hard disk configuration Information; write the configuration information of the hard disk to the Flash ROM; exit the SMI, return to the BISO to continue the operating system boot process.
  • the backup module 501 can be specifically configured to:
  • the backup module 501 can include:
  • the determining unit is configured to determine whether there is a backup of the configuration information of the hard disk in the flash ROM.
  • the second backup unit is configured to back up the configuration information of the hard disk to the Flash ROM if the result of the determining by the determining unit is no.
  • the recovery module 502 may be specifically configured to: when the operating system is booted again and the boot fails, provide an option for the user to select whether to initiate recovery, and receive the user's selection, If the user chooses to start the recovery, the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM is loaded to the hard disk to start the operating system, or the operating system is started by the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM.
  • the recovery module 502 can include:
  • the first recovery unit is configured to: when booting the operating system again and failing to boot due to abnormal information in the partition table, loading configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM to the hard disk to start the operating system;
  • the second recovery unit is configured to start the operating system by using the configuration information of the hard disk backed up in the Flash ROM when the operating system is booted again and the boot failure occurs due to the abnormality of the sector where the partition table is located.
  • the device provided in this embodiment backs up the hard disk configuration information to the Flash ROM when the ACPI function is enabled by the operating system, and loads the backup hard disk configuration information into the boot sector to start the operating system when the operating system is booted again and the boot fails. Or start the operating system through the backup hard disk configuration information, realize automatic backup of the hard disk, and quick start recovery, which is simple in operation, greatly reduces the requirements on the operator, and improves the success rate of the startup recovery. Moreover, the information related to the hard disk is dynamically backed up, and even if the information related to the hard disk is changed, no manual operation is required, which greatly saves the user's time and effort compared with the existing manual backup in the DOS state by manual, and is very good.
  • the protection of the data on the hard disk also reduces the requirements for the operator.
  • only the configuration information of the backup hard disk can greatly save the storage space occupied by the backup, reduce the backup time, improve the backup efficiency, and improve the backup efficiency even in the existing hard disk and the partition.
  • the content has changed and there is no need to re-back up, and the application is more flexible.
  • the method supports both the MBR hard disk and the GPT hard disk, and does not require a third-party tool.
  • the operation is simple, easy to grasp, and has a high success rate, which not only solves the problem that the hard disk configuration information is lost and the operating system fails to boot, but also Solve the problem of sector corruption leading to operating system boot failure.
  • a person skilled in the art may understand that all or part of the steps of implementing the above embodiments may be completed by hardware, or may be instructed by a program to execute related hardware, and the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the storage medium mentioned may be a read only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk or the like.

Abstract

本发明实施例提供了一种启动恢复的方法和装置,涉及启动恢复技术领域,所述方法包括:当引导操作系统时,使能高级配置和电源管理接口ACPI功能,将硬盘的配置信息备份到闪存只读存储器FlashROM中;当再次操作系统且引导失败时,将所述FlashROM内备份的硬盘的配置信息加载到硬盘启动操作系统,或通过所述FlashROM内备份的硬盘的配置信息启动操作系统。所述装置包括:备份模块和恢复模块。本发明实现了硬盘的自动备份以及快速启动恢复,操作简单,极大地降低了对操作人员的要求,提高了启动恢复的成功率。

Description

说 明 书 启动恢复的方法和装置 技术领域
本发明涉及启动恢复技术领域, 特别涉及一种启动恢复的方法和装置。 背景技术
BIOS (Basic Input Output System, 基本输入输出系统) 具有初始化硬件, 检测硬件, 以及引导操作系统的功能。 BIOS 程序存放于一个掉电后内容不会 丢失的 ROM (Read Only Memory, 只读存储器) 中, 系统加电时处理器的第 一条指令的地址会被定位到该 ROM中, 以便于 BIOS程序得到执行。 BIOS属 于软件程序, 但由于它是固化在硬件只读存储器中的程序, 所以也被称作固件 ( Firmware )。
随着计算机技术和因特网技术的广泛普及使用, 产生了海量的数据, 其中 大部份存储在硬盘中。 传统的 MBR (Master Boot Record, 主引导记录)硬盘, 最大容量为 2TB (TeraBytes, 兆兆字节), 并且每个磁盘最多有 4个主分区, 或者包括 3个主分区、 1个扩展分区和无限制的逻辑驱动器。 目前已逐渐替代 MBR硬盘的是 GPT (Globally Unique Identifier Partition Table, 全球唯一标识 分区表) 硬盘。 GPT 是一种新的磁盘分区架构, 最大容量能够达到 18EB (ExaBytes, 艾字节), 并且每个磁盘最多有 43亿个分区。 明显与 MBR硬盘 不同的是,至关重要的平台操作数据位于分区,而不是位于非分区或隐藏扇区。 另夕卜, GPT分区磁盘还设有主要分区表(Primary GPT)及备份分区表(Backup GPT) 来提高分区数据结构的完整性。
在 GPT硬盘的开始和结束部分存储着 GPT头和分区表等关键信息。 由于 病毒的破坏, 操作的失误以及许多偶然的因素, 可能使 GPT头和分区表遭到 破坏, 从而无法正常装载操作系统, 甚至损坏引导扇区, 造成硬盘内的数据丢 失。
目前有两种启动恢复方法可以解决操作系统引导失败的问题,第一种方法 是在 DOS (Disk Operating System, 磁盘操作系统)下先备份 GPT头和分区表 等信息, 然后在 BIOS引导操作系统出现问题时, 把备份的信息加载到故障扇 区来完成启动恢复。第二种方法是用数据备份软件 Symantec Ghost进行分区备 份或者整个硬盘的备份, 然后在 DOS界面下启动恢复。
但是, 第一种方法是在 DOS状态进行硬盘备份, 容易出现错误或失败。 第二种方法备份分区或整个硬盘需要较长的时间, 恢复时间也较长, 且备份需 要占用很大存储空间, 浪费资源, 目前只支持传统的 MBR硬盘, 不支持 GPT 硬盘; 如果硬盘中的内容发生更改, 则需要重新备份, 费时费力, 操作复杂, 不易掌握。 发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种启动恢复的方法和装置, 实现硬盘自动备份, 提 高启动恢复的成功率。 所述技术方案如下:
一方面, 一种启动恢复的方法, 所述方法包括:
当引导操作系统时, 使能高级配置和电源管理接口 ACPI功能, 将硬盘的 配置信息备份到闪存只读存储器 Flash ROM中;
当再次引导操作系统且引导失败时,将所述 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的配 置信息加载到所述硬盘中启动操作系统,或通过所述 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘 的配置信息启动操作系统。
另一方面, 一种启动恢复的装置, 所述装置包括:
备份模块, 用于当引导操作系统时, 使能高级配置和电源管理接口 ACPI 功能, 将硬盘的配置信息备份到闪存只读存储器 Flash ROM中;
恢复模块,用于当再次操作系统且引导失败时,将所述 Flash ROM内备份 的硬盘的配置信息加载到所述硬盘中启动操作系统,或通过所述 Flash ROM内 备份的硬盘的配置信息启动操作系统。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案的有益效果是: 通过操作系统使能 ACPI功 能时备份硬盘配置信息到 Flash ROM, 并且在再次引导操作系统且引导失败 时, 将备份的硬盘配置信息加载到硬盘启动操作系统, 或通过备份的硬盘配置 信息启动操作系统, 实现了硬盘的自动备份, 以及快速启动恢复, 操作简单, 极大地降低了对操作人员的要求, 提高了启动恢复的成功率。 而且, 硬盘相关 信息是动态备份的, 即使硬盘相关信息发生变更, 也无需手动操作, 极大地节 省了用户的时间和精力, 并且很好的保护了硬盘上的数据。 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案, 下面将对实施例描述中所 需要使用的附图作简单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明 的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1是本发明实施例 1提供的启动恢复的方法流程图;
图 2是本发明实施例 2提供的启动恢复的方法流程图;
图 3是本发明实施例 2提供的 GPT硬盘结构示意图;
图 4是本发明实施例 2提供的 MBR硬盘结构示意图;
图 5是本发明实施例 4提供的启动恢复的装置结构图。 具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚, 下面将结合附图对本发明 实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
实施例 1
通常, 引导操作系统是由 BIOS执行的, 当开机启动时, BIOS会找到可引 导文件, 将其中的程序读到内存中, 并跳转到该段内存的开始处, 执行该程序 开始引导操作系统的流程。 其中, 所述可引导文件通常存储在硬盘上, 当硬盘 具有多个分区时, 可引导文件存储在其中的某个分区上。 硬盘的多个分区中哪 个分区是存储可引导文件的分区, 是可以从硬盘的分区表获知的。 如果硬盘的 分区表异常, 则会导致读取可引导文件失败, 就会发生引导操作系统失败, 无 法完成启动过程。
为了解决启动恢复的问题, 参见图 1, 本实施例提供了一种启动恢复的方 法, 以实现硬盘自动备份, 提高启动恢复的成功率, 该方法包括:
101: 当引导操作系统时, 使能 ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power
Management Interface, 高级配置和电源管理接口)功能, 将硬盘的配置信息备 份到闪存只读存储器 Flash ROM中;
102: 当再次引导操作系统且引导失败时, 将 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的 配置信息加载到硬盘启动操作系统,或通过 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的配置信 息启动操作系统。
ACPI定义了 Windows、 BIOS和系统硬件之间的新型工作接口, 这些接口 包括允许 Windows控制电源管理和设备配置的机制,当操作系统使能 ACPI功 能时, BIOS 会按照相关的协议进行各项功能。 通常读取可引导文件成功后, 开始引导操作系统, 然后会使能 ACPI功能, 以便于根据 ACPI执行后续的操 作流程。
本发明实施例中的硬盘配置信息是指配置硬盘时的相关信息,通常包括硬 盘头和分区表, 但不包括硬盘上划分出的各个分区内容, 与现有的配置硬盘全 部信息相比, 备份硬盘配置信息可以节省存储空间, 极大地避免了浪费。
本实施例提供的上述方法既可以适用于 GPT硬盘,也可以适用于 MBR硬 盘。 对于 GPT硬盘而言, 硬盘的配置信息包括 GPT头和分区表。 对于 MBT 硬盘而言, 硬盘的配置信息包括 MBR分区表。
其中, Flash ROM为闪存只读存储器, 是一种非易失性的内存, 通常被用 在计算机的主板上, 用来保存 BIOS程序, 便于进行程序的升级。 本实施例通 过将硬盘的配置信息备份到 Flash ROM 中, 可以实现对硬盘的配置信息的保 护, 以便于启动恢复, 而且还提高了备份信息的安全性。
当分区表出现异常时, 操作系统会引导失败, 该分区表异常包括分区表内 的信息异常, 如数据丢失, 或者分区表所在的扇区异常, 如扇区损坏等。
一种方式下, 当分区表内的信息异常时, 可以将 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘 的配置信息加载到硬盘后, 根据硬盘内的硬盘配置信息来继续启动操作系统, 从而完成操作系统的启动流程, 可以解决硬盘配置信息丢失而导致操作系统引 导失败的问题。 另一种方式下, 当分区表所在的扇区异常时, 可以通过 Flash ROM 内备份的硬盘的配置信息启动操作系统, 可以解决扇区损坏而导致操作 系统引导失败的问题。
其中,将硬盘的配置信息备份到闪存只读存储器 Flash ROM中可以具体包 括: 判断硬盘的配置信息是否包含全球唯一标识分区表 GPT头和分区表且均 完整; 如果是, 则将所述 GPT头和分区表写入 Flash ROM中;
或者具体包括: 判断硬盘的配置信息是否包含 MBR分区表, 且该 MBR 分区表完整, 如果是, 则将该 MBR分区表写入 Flash ROM中。
本实施例提供的上述方法, 通过操作系统使能 ACPI功能时备份硬盘配置 信息到 Flash ROM, 并且在再次引导操作系统且引导失败时, 将备份的硬盘配 置信息加载到硬盘启动操作系统, 或通过备份的硬盘配置信息启动操作系统, 实现了硬盘的自动备份, 以及快速启动恢复, 操作简单, 极大地降低了对操作 人员的要求, 提高了启动恢复的成功率。 而且, 硬盘相关信息是动态备份的, 即使硬盘相关信息发生变更, 也无需手动操作, 与现有的在 DOS状态由人工 进行手动备份相比, 极大地节省了用户的时间和精力, 并且很好的保护了硬盘 上的数据, 也降低了对操作人员的要求。 另外, 只备份硬盘的配置信息, 与现 有的备份整个硬盘及分区相比, 可以极大地节省备份所占用的存储空间, 以及 减少备份的时间, 提高了备份的效率, 而且, 即使硬盘中的内容发生了更改也 无需重新备份, 应用更灵活。 实施例 2
参见图 2, 本实施例提供了一种启动恢复的方法, 包括:
201: 当基本输入输出系统 BIOS引导操作系统时, 使能 ACPI功能。
202: 触发 SMI (System Management Interrupt, 系统管理中断), 进入到 SMM (System Management mode, 系统管理模式), 跳转到 SMRAM (System Management RAM, 系统管理内存) 读取硬盘的配置信息。
203: 将硬盘的配置信息写入 Flash ROM中, 完成硬盘配置信息的备份。 204: 退出 SMI, 返回 BISO继续执行操作系统引导流程。
205: 当 BIOS再次引导操作系统且引导失败时, 将 Flash ROM内备份的 硬盘的配置信息加载到硬盘启动操作系统,或通过 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的 配置信息启动操作系统。
本实施例中的操作系统引导失败是指由于分区表异常引起的引导失败, 包 括分区表内的信息异常或分区表所在的扇区异常。
其中, SMM是 Intel在 386SL之后引入 X86体系结构的一种 CPU (Central Processing Unit, 中央处理单元) 的执行模式, 只有通过 SMI才可以进入系统 管理模式。 备份完成后退出 SMI , 具体地, 可以利用 RSM ( Real Storage Management,实存储器管理)指令跳转到 BISO程序在执行 SMI中断之前的地 方继续执行。 系统管理模式相对于操作系统而言, 具有更高的管理权限, 操作 系统是无法感知 SMM模式的, SMM模式下的操作都被屏蔽, 操作系统无法 感知, 相当于操作系统的引导过程被暂停一样。 通过将硬盘配置信息备份引入 到 SMM模式进行, 可以极大地提高安全性。
上述方法实现了快速启动恢复, 在一种场景中, 所述硬盘的相关信息可以 是 GPT硬盘的相关信息, 相应地, 上述步骤 203可以具体包括; 判断已读取的硬盘的配置信息是否包含 GPT头和分区表, 且该 GPT头和 分区表均完整; 如果是, 则将该 GPT头和分区表写入 Flash ROM中。
参见图 3, 为 GPT硬盘的结构示意图。 GPT硬盘包括 GPT头、 分区表和 各个分区。其中, GPT头包括保护的 MBR (Protective MBR)、主 GPT (Primary GPT) 以及备份 GPT (Backup GPT)。所述保护的 MBR是指与保持 MBR兼容 性相关的信息。 主 GPT就是分区表, 通过该分区表可以找到各个分区。 备份 GPT是指主 GPT的备份。
本实施例的另一场景中, 所述硬盘的配置信息也可以是 MBR硬盘的配置 信息, 相应地, 上述步骤 203可以具体包括:
判断已读取的硬盘的配置信息是否包含 MBR分区表, 且该 MBR分区表 完整, 如果是, 则将该 MBR分区表写入 Flash ROM中。
参见图 4, 为 MBR硬盘的结构示意图。 MBR硬盘包括 MBR分区表和各 个分区, 通过 MBR分区表可以找到硬盘的各个分区。
本实施例中,将 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的配置信息加载到硬盘启动操作 系统, 是指将该硬盘的配置信息加载到硬盘的引导扇区上以启动操作系统。
本实施例中, 步骤 205可以具体包括:
当 BIOS再次引导操作系统且由于分区表内的信息异常而引导失败时, 将 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的配置信息加载到硬盘后, 根据硬盘内的硬盘配置信 息来继续启动操作系统;
或者,
当 BIOS再次引导操作系统且由于分区表所在的扇区异常而引导失败时, 通过 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的配置信息启动操作系统。
本实施例提供的上述方法, 通过操作系统使能 ACPI功能时备份硬盘配置 信息到 Flash ROM, 并且在再次引导操作系统且引导失败时, 将备份的硬盘配 置信息加载到硬盘启动操作系统, 或通过备份的硬盘配置信息启动操作系统, 实现了硬盘的自动备份, 以及快速启动恢复, 操作简单, 极大地降低了对操作 人员的要求, 提高了启动恢复的成功率。
而且, 硬盘相关信息是动态备份的, 即使硬盘相关信息发生变更, 也无需 手动操作, 与现有的在 DOS状态由人工进行手动备份相比, 极大地节省了用 户的时间和精力, 并且很好的保护了硬盘上的数据, 也降低了对操作人员的要 求。 另外, 只备份硬盘的配置信息, 与现有的备份整个硬盘及分区相比, 可以 极大地节省备份所占用的存储空间,以及减少备份的时间,提高了备份的效率, 而且, 即使硬盘中的内容发生了更改也无需重新备份, 应用更灵活。
再有,该方法既支持 MBR硬盘,又支持 GPT硬盘,也不需要第三方工具, 操作简单, 容易掌握, 成功率高, 不仅可以解决硬盘配置信息丢失而导致操作 系统引导失败的问题, 也可以解决扇区损坏而导致操作系统引导失败的问题。 实施例 3
本实施例在实施例 1或实施例 2的基础上进行改进, 第一种实施方式下, 实施例 1或实施例 2中涉及的将硬盘的配置信息备份到 Flash ROM中的步骤, 可以具体包括:
判断 Flash ROM中是否已有所述硬盘的配置信息的备份;
如果 Flash ROM 中已有所述硬盘的配置信息的备份, 则不执行备份的操 作;
如果 Flash ROM中没有所述硬盘的配置信息的备份,则将该硬盘的配置信 息备份到闪存只读存储器 Flash ROM中。
这种实施方式下,可以避免在 Flash ROM中已存在硬盘配置信息备份的情 况下, 仍然进行备份, 从而节省了备份的流程, 提高了备份效率。
第二种实施方式下,实施例 1或实施例 2中涉及的将 Flash ROM内备份的 硬盘的配置信息加载到硬盘启动操作系统,或通过 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的 配置信息启动操作系统的步骤, 可以具体包括:
提供选项供用户选择是否进行启动恢复, 并接收用户的选择;
如果用户选择进行启动恢复,则将 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的配置信息加 载到硬盘启动操作系统,或通过 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的配置信息启动操作 系统。
这种实施方式下, 可以给用户选择的机会, 并根据用户的选择来进行启动 恢复, 充分考虑了用户的需求, 提高了用户的参与性, 增强了用户的满意度, 提升了用户的体验。
当然上述第一种实施方式和第二种实施方式也可以结合起来应用,在备份 硬盘的配置信息之前先对 Flash ROM进行判断,并且在启动恢复之前请用户选 择是否进行启动恢复, 从而既节省了备份的流程, 提高了效率, 也增强了用户 的满意度, 提升了用户的体验。
另外, 本发明中, 在实施例 1或实施例 2或上述任一种实施方式下, 进一 步地, 还可以包括以下步骤:
当操作系统使能 ACPI时, 将硬盘上的关键信息也备份到 Flash ROM中; 当使用该关键信息时,将 Flash ROM中备份的该关键信息加载到使用该关键信 息的设备上。
其中, 所述关键信息可以是需要保护的信息, 如密码、 证书、 密钥、 CD/DVD, 闪存盘或者网络硬盘上等信息, 通过在 Flash ROM中备份关键信息 可以极大地提高使用关键信息的安全性。 实施例 4
参见图 5, 本实施例提供了一种启动恢复的装置, 包括:
备份模块 501, 用于当引导操作系统时, 使能高级配置和电源管理接口 ACPI功能, 将硬盘的配置信息备份到闪存只读存储器 Flash ROM中;
恢复模块 502, 用于当再次引导操作系统且引导失败时, 将 Flash ROM内 备份的硬盘的配置信息加载到硬盘启动操作系统,或通过 Flash ROM内备份的 硬盘的配置信息启动操作系统。
在第一种实施方式下, 备份模块 501可以具体用于: 当基本输入输出系统 BIOS引导操作系统时, 使能 ACPI功能; 触发系统管理中断 SMI, 跳转到系 统管理内存 SMRAM读取硬盘的配置信息;将硬盘的配置信息写入 Flash ROM 中; 退出 SMI, 返回 BISO继续执行操作系统引导流程。
在第二种实施方式下, 备份模块 501可以具体用于:
当引导操作系统时, 使能高级配置和电源管理接口 ACPI功能, 判断硬盘 的配置信息是否包含全球唯一标识分区表 GPT头和分区表且均完整, 如果是, 则将 GPT头和分区表写入 Flash ROM中。
在第三种实施方式下, 备份模块 501可以包括:
判断单元, 用于判断 Flash ROM中是否已有硬盘的配置信息的备份; 第二备份单元, 用于如果判断单元判断的结果为否, 则将硬盘的配置信息 备份到 Flash ROM中。
在第四种实施方式下, 恢复模块 502可以具体用于: 当再次引导操作系统 且引导失败时, 提供选项供用户选择是否进行启动恢复, 并接收用户的选择, 如果用户选择进行启动恢复,则将 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的配置信息加载到 硬盘启动操作系统, 或通过 Flash ROM 内备份的硬盘的配置信息启动操作系 统。
在上述四种中的任一种实施方式下, 恢复模块 502可以包括:
第一恢复单元, 用于当再次引导操作系统且由于分区表内的信息异常而引 导失败时, 将 Flash ROM 内备份的硬盘的配置信息加载到硬盘中启动操作系 统;
或者,
第二恢复单元, 用于当再次引导操作系统且由于分区表所在的扇区异常而 引导失败时, 通过 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的配置信息启动操作系统。
本实施例提供的上述装置, 通过操作系统使能 ACPI功能时备份硬盘配置 信息到 Flash ROM, 并且在再次引导操作系统且引导失败时, 将备份的硬盘配 置信息加载到引导扇区启动操作系统, 或通过备份的硬盘配置信息启动操作系 统, 实现了硬盘的自动备份, 以及快速启动恢复, 操作简单, 极大地降低了对 操作人员的要求, 提高了启动恢复的成功率。 而且, 硬盘相关信息是动态备份 的, 即使硬盘相关信息发生变更, 也无需手动操作, 与现有的在 DOS状态由 人工进行手动备份相比, 极大地节省了用户的时间和精力, 并且很好的保护了 硬盘上的数据, 也降低了对操作人员的要求。 另外, 只备份硬盘的配置信息, 与现有的备份整个硬盘及分区相比, 可以极大地节省备份所占用的存储空间, 以及减少备份的时间, 提高了备份的效率, 而且, 即使硬盘中的内容发生了更 改也无需重新备份,应用更灵活。再有,该方法既支持 MBR硬盘,又支持 GPT 硬盘, 也不需要第三方工具, 操作简单, 容易掌握, 成功率高, 不仅可以解决 硬盘配置信息丢失而导致操作系统引导失败的问题, 也可以解决扇区损坏而导 致操作系统引导失败的问题。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通 过硬件来完成, 也可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成, 所述的程序可以存储 于一种计算机可读存储介质中, 上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器, 磁盘 或光盘等。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在本发明的 精神和原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的 保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种启动恢复的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括:
当引导操作系统时, 使能高级配置和电源管理接口 ACPI功能, 将硬盘的配 置信息备份到闪存只读存储器 Flash ROM中;
当再次引导操作系统且引导失败时, 将所述 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的配 置信息加载到所述硬盘中启动操作系统, 或通过所述 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘 的配置信息启动操作系统。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 当引导操作系统时, 使能高 级配置和电源管理接口 ACPI 功能, 将硬盘的配置信息备份到闪存只读存储器 Flash ROM中, 包括:
当基本输入输出系统 BIOS引导操作系统时, 使能 ACPI功能;
触发系统管理中断 SMI, 跳转到系统管理内存 SMRAM读取所述硬盘的配 置信息;
将所述硬盘的配置信息写入 Flash ROM中;
退出所述 SMI, 返回 BISO继续执行操作系统引导流程。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 将硬盘的配置信息备份到闪 存只读存储器 Flash ROM中, 包括:
判断所述硬盘的配置信息是否包含全球唯一标识分区表 GPT头和分区表且 均完整;
如果是, 则将所述 GPT头和分区表写入 Flash ROM中。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 将硬盘的配置信息备份到闪 存只读存储器 Flash ROM中, 包括:
判断 Flash ROM中是否已有所述硬盘的配置信息的备份;
如果没有,则将所述硬盘的配置信息备份到闪存只读存储器 Flash ROM中。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 将所述 Flash ROM内备份的 硬盘的配置信息加载到所述硬盘中启动操作系统, 或通过所述 Flash ROM内备 份的硬盘的配置信息启动操作系统, 包括:
提供选项供用户选择是否进行启动恢复, 并接收用户的选择;
如果用户选择进行启动恢复, 则将所述 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的配置信 息加载到所述硬盘中启动操作系统, 或通过所述 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的配 置信息启动操作系统。
6、 根据权利要求 1至 5中任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 当再次引导操 作系统且引导失败时, 将所述 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的配置信息加载到所述 硬盘中启动操作系统, 或通过所述 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的配置信息启动操 作系统, 包括:
当再次引导操作系统且由于分区表内的信息异常而引导失败时, 将所述 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的配置信息加载到所述硬盘中启动操作系统; 或者, 当再次引导操作系统且由于分区表所在的扇区异常而引导失败时, 通过所 述 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的配置信息启动操作系统。
7、 一种启动恢复的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置包括:
备份模块, 用于当引导操作系统时, 使能高级配置和电源管理接口 ACPI 功能, 将硬盘的配置信息备份到闪存只读存储器 Flash ROM中;
恢复模块, 用于当再次引导操作系统且引导失败时, 将所述 Flash ROM内 备份的硬盘的配置信息加载到所述硬盘中启动操作系统,或通过所述 Flash ROM 内备份的硬盘的配置信息启动操作系统。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述备份模块具体用于: 当 基本输入输出系统 BIOS引导操作系统时, 使能 ACPI功能; 触发系统管理中断 SMI, 跳转到系统管理内存 SMRAM读取所述硬盘的配置信息; 将所述硬盘的 配置信息写入 Flash ROM中; 退出所述 SMI, 返回 BISO继续执行操作系统引 导流程。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述备份模块具体用于: 当 引导操作系统时, 使能 ACPI功能, 判断所述硬盘的配置信息是否包含全球唯一 标识分区表 GPT头和分区表且均完整, 如果是, 则将所述 GPT头和分区表写入 Flash ROM中。
10、 根据权利要求 7所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述备份模块包括: 判断单元, 用于判断 Flash ROM中是否已有所述硬盘的配置信息的备份; 第二备份单元, 用于如果所述判断单元判断的结果为否, 则将所述硬盘的 配置信息备份到 Flash ROM中。
11、 根据权利要求 7所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述恢复模块具体用于: 当再次引导操作系统且引导失败时, 提供选项供用户选择是否进行启动恢复, 并接收用户的选择, 如果用户选择进行启动恢复, 则将所述 Flash ROM内备份 的硬盘的配置信息加载到所述硬盘中启动操作系统, 或通过所述 Flash ROM内 备份的硬盘的配置信息启动操作系统。
12、 根据权利要求 7至 11中任一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述恢复模 块包括:
第一恢复单元, 用于当再次引导操作系统且由于分区表内的信息异常而引 导失败时, 将所述 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的配置信息加载到所述硬盘中启动 操作系统;
或者,
第二恢复单元, 用于当再次引导操作系统且由于分区表所在的扇区异常而 引导失败时, 通过所述 Flash ROM内备份的硬盘的配置信息启动操作系统。
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