WO2012159174A1

WO2012159174A1 - Urban space structure and method of its creation

Info

Publication number: WO2012159174A1
Application number: PCT/BG2012/000013
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mihail Danev Petkov; Mikhail Mikhailov PETKOV
Original assignee: Mihail Danev Petkov; Petkov Mikhail Mikhailov
Priority date: 2011-05-20
Filing date: 2012-05-02
Publication date: 2012-11-29
Also published as: EP2715014A1; BG66627B1; EA201301262A1; BG110947A

Abstract

The Invention will find application in town planning and development practice, as well as in construction works in urban environment. The urban structure consists of underground exploitation spaces (1), representing self-contained architectural- engineering complexes, connected by network of streets (2) and engineering infrastructure of the urbanized territory, and schoolyards / campuses (3) of educational institutions (4) constructed below the level of the space free from buildings. Its creation includes the definition of the functional activities and spaces needed for the territory, the definition of suitable schoolyards (3) for every activity and/or a combination of activities, the setting up of architectural-engineering complexes and their connections to the street network (2), and the engineering infrastructure of the urbanized territory, as well as the creation of information systems connected to the respective administration unit. The invention solves the problem of providing additional usable "land" in the already urbanized territories, by creating the possibility of its multifunctional and combined use, fast and easy implementation, simplicity and universality. Besides, the further development is possible without disturbing the planned and spatial structure of the territories.

Description

Urban space structure and method of its creation

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention is related to urban structure and method of its creation, which will find application in town planning and development practice, as well as in construction in urban environment.

BACKGROUND OF THE UINVENTION

The widely known traditional urban structure includes urbanized territory with street network and buildings and communication facilities located according to the respective town plan, with their interconnections. The buildings are positioned mostly over-ground, some of them with underground floors used by the inhabitants or the people working in the buildings. This urban structure shapes-up the populated areas - the towns, which are seriously urbanized land areas, concentrating all the planning, spatial, technical, technological, cultural and spiritual power and modern achievements of mankind. Today the urbanized territories are the locations with the largest investments targeted at their future, and in contrast to the miniature ancient poleis, today's cities are practically eternal. The towns live considerably longer than their inhabitants, and change in time with the respective achievements. Every new generation comes and enforces its own requirements and laws. It either does or does not preserve what exists or what has been built before, but always synchronizes it with its requirements and needs. These changes demand more land, more people, more energy, and if manpower and energy can be provided, it is not possible to reproduce land, or to change and discipline it for the needs of every human generation, as towns are practically eternal, but people are not. One of the main structural elements in urbanization is land. The rise of the population in the urbanized territories never stops, with their requirements, needs and interests. All parts of this process disturb the environmental and territorial balance in the urbanized territories, leading to shortage of land, which is most clearly expressed in the longer existing cities with accumulated culture and history, with the visible traces of their continuous urban existence - streets, buildings and districts, engineering facilities and supplies, typical volumes and heights.[1] The shortcomings of the traditional urban structure are expressed by the fact that usable areas free for new construction are practically nonexistent. If there are functional necessities to be satisfied, such as social activities, education, sport, entertainment, culture, commerce, various services, parking spaces, non-hazardous industries, etc., one has to undertake complex procedures like demolition of existing items, which is labor-consuming and costly. Furthermore, it disrupts the appearance of the urbanized territory, as well as its plan and space composition, or it requires the expansion of the territory, which respectively disturbs the usage of the adjacent land to the urbanized area, and leads to the setting up of new communication facilities that extends the transport routes and makes life more expensive for the local dwellers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention suggests a solution to the problem of providing additional usable "land" in the already urbanized territories through creating an urban space structure, as well as through a method for its creation, allowing its multifunctional and combined use, fast and easy implementation, simplicity and universality, providing a possibility for development of the densely populated urban areas without disturbing their plan and space composition, as well as a possibility for its future development together with the development of the urbanized territory.

The problem is solved with an urban space structure, which according to the invention consists of underground exploitation spaces, connected by the street network and engineering infrastructure of the urbanized territory, and set up below the level of the free from buildings part of schoolyards. These underground exploitation spaces form an underground level of the urbanized territory.

Every underground exploitation space is a standalone architectural engineering complex.

Every underground exploitation space is connected to at least one information system and/or subsystem. The information systems and/or subsystems should preferably be of global type.

The problem is solved also with a method for creating an urban space structure. According to the invention, the method includes the drawing of an outline of the educational institutions with their schoolyards/campuses onto a plan of the urbanized territory. Then the functional activities necessary for the urbanized area are defined with the related spaces and their sizes. Further on, the suitable schoolyards are defined on the plan for each of the functional activities or their combinations. After that, below the level of the free from buildings schoolyards or parts of schoolyards, are constructed the architectural-engineering complexes. Thus, forming underground functional spaces corresponding to the necessary functional activities. The construction is carried out using well-known structures and construction methods in conformity with the specific geological structure underlying every schoolyard. The inter-connections between the underground functional spaces and with the street network and the engineering infrastructure are set up simultaneously with their construction, as well as the information systems of the underground functional spaces with their connection to the relevant administration unit.

The definition of the appropriate location for every functional activity in the urbanized territory is done taking into account the optimal radius of pedestrian access to every schoolyard/campus of the respective educational institution.

It is recommended that the information systems are collected in specialized technical and informational guides.

Further on, for the purposes of optimal operation and maintenance, it is recommended that the information systems are composed of technical and functional-informational subsystems.

It is suitable to set up the information systems to be approached in separate stages. The invention allows using every urbanized territory in the optimal way, both in separate town districts and in entire cities, especially with high density of buildings, without disrupting the architectural, town planning and spatial solution of the specific urbanized territory. It integrates the underground spaces under the schoolyards with the urbanized environment by creating a stable dispersed urban space structure, which can incorporate every function necessary for modern life, and in this way creates underground spaces with multi-functional use. Thereby it improves the usability of the urbanized territories by avoiding their excessive expansion at the expense of arable farmland. The changes in the plan and volume spatial composition of the urbanized territories are avoided. The space created can be used entirely and fully; at the same time the schoolyard itself remains with unchanged function, totally safe and with its actual size. The created urban space structure allows the setting up of every element in it - underground structure under the schoolyard - both as new and as additional construction, which can be executed within a short period of time without affecting the existing functions of the surrounding buildings and facilities, preserving also the existing underground city infrastructure. The urban space structure provides the possibility to be used for various purposes depending on the specific needs of the district and/or the whole town. Furthermore, it is possible to use it in a combined way. It is possible to hold there social and education activities, sports events, to use it for entertainment, culture, trade and services, for parking lots, and other human activities, beneficial for the community. The invention is applicable in all towns and cities in the world before their next expansion. This land is to serve activities common to all mankind, and multifunctional in their essence, which will facilitate and improve life in urbanized areas, will facilitate their management, and will increase general welfare. The creation of new town territories through the invention will bring about technological, town planning, economic, social and political benefits. The creation of the universal urbanized spatial structure, according to the invention, has no alternative and no analogue.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is illustrated by exemplary embodiments, presented in the figures attached, where: Figure 1 is a plan view of urbanized territory with entered education facilities with their schoolyards, and with indication of the functions of the underground exploitation spaces, according to the invention;

Figure 2 is the A - A section of Figure 1 ;

Figure 3 represents a partial plan in smaller scale of the urbanized territory in Figure 1 , with entered locations of schoolyards of education facilities, and lines of pedestrian access - partial plan of the town of Burgas;

Figure 4 is a partial plan of urbanized territory with entered locations of schoolyards of education facilities, and lines of pedestrian access - partial plan of Sofia;

Figure 5 is an exemplary section of a single-floor underground functional space intended for recreation activities;

Figure 6 is an exemplary section of a single-floor underground structure with combined use - as parking and trade area.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention concerns urban space structure intended for implementation in urbanized territories. The urban space structure according to the invention, consists of underground exploitation spaces 1 connected to the street network 2 and engineering infrastructure (no shown) of the urbanized territory, constructed under the level of free from buildings part 3 of yards/campuses of educational institutions 4. The urbanized territory itself includes street network 2 and engineering infrastructure, as well as network of education institutions 4 with their schoolyards 3 - existing and in design/construction phase.

The constructed underground exploitation spaces 1 together with the connections to the street network 2 and the engineering infrastructure of the urbanized territory form the underground level of the urbanized territory. The urbanized territory is usually stable with blocks of residential 5 and public/administrative buildings 6, parks, items of engineering infrastructure, but it can also be new, or under construction. Every underground exploitation space 1 can have one- or multi-purpose functional use, depending on the specific needs of the urbanized territory. The plan of urbanized territory, shown in Figure 1 , presents possible functions of the underground exploitation spaces through the various symbols. For example, underground exploitation space 1, marked with "A" on Figure 2, can be used for holding school and/or theater shows, thereby satisfying the needs of the specific part of the urbanized territory. This example takes into account the fact that the main theater building in the town is located at a considerable distance. The considered example shows the possibility for underground exploitation space 1„ marked with "C" on Figure 2, to be allocated as parking lot, serving disabled people, and the one next to it, marked with "D" - to serve the combined use of parking lot and sports hall. Another possible combination is of parking and trade area, as shown in Figure 6. In the example presented in Figure 1 , one of the underground exploitation spaces 1, marked with "B" on Figure 2, is intended for combined use as parking lot and information center, as according to the invention, information systems are also to be set up to facilitate finding and reaching the desired underground exploitation space 1 of the urban structure. In the specific case, a room is envisaged for information access by people through direct communication with those needing the service, and for setting up the necessary communications for the information system. The urban space structure, according to the invention, can be constructed in stages, depending on the specific needs of the urbanized territory, starting from the space under on schoolyard and gradually including all such spaces under schoolyards/campuses of education facilities in the urbanized territory. The underground exploitation spaces 1 can have different number of floors, depending both on the specific purpose and the specific investment plans, selected structure and geological characteristics of the terrain, the selection of floor number not escaping the scope of the invention.

Every underground exploitation space 1 is a standalone one- or multi-functional architectural engineering complex. Every underground exploitation space is connected to at least one information system and/or subsystem. The information system can be up to the discretion of the investor, yet it is better to be of the global system type, as such systems allow considerably better user service by the local information systems. The use of the latter, however, does not go beyond the scope of the invention, for which it is enough that the information system is also a direct information function, provided by man, as explained above in connection with the example illustrated by Figures 1 and 2.

On the other hand, the setting up and use of the global information network is being carried out and developed dynamically, changing with the development of the urban structure of every urbanized territory, and both can be implemented in stages.

Further on, it is possible for the underground exploitation spaces to be interconnected with underground corridors (not shown). This way of implementation is appropriate for providing pass-ability (safety exits, etc.), protecting people's life and safety.

The invention also concerns a method for creating urban space structure, whereby on the plan of the urban territory are entered the outlines of the education institutions 4 with their schoolyards 3, as shown schematically in Figures 1, 3 and 4. It should be noted, however, that by "education institution" we mean any institution/facility with educational purpose, such as preparatory schools, primary, secondary, professional and higher schools, colleges, universities and campuses, educational, research and scientific centers, etc. Next follows the identification of the functional activities necessary for the urbanized territory, and the corresponding spaces with their size. These functional activities are from the group of garages with the respective capacity, including automated and robotized parking, exhibition halls and art galleries, shops, locations for sports events and/or training rooms, etc., which corresponds to all the functions, explained above. Then follows the specified of at least one suitable schoolyard in the urbanized territory plan for each of the functional activities, or their combinations. Further on, the architectural-engineering complexes are constructed under the level of the free from buildings part of the selected schoolyards, forming underground functional spaces 1 that correspond to the necessary functional activities, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, which do not exhaust all the possibilities of the city territories formed by the underground functional spaces. The construction is done using well-known structures and construction methods, taking into consideration the specific geological structure under every schoolyard, with setting up the connections to the street network 2 and the engineering infrastructure of the urbanized territory. The connections can be any of the well-known types - platforms, elevators, etc., not shown on the figures due to scale limitations. Simultaneously are created the information systems of the underground functional spaces 1 with the respective management unit - infrastructural, regional or global management network. The convenience of the so created urban structure lies in the fact that it can be constructed in stages, i.e. in specific parts of the urbanized territory, and expand according to its needs. Hence we have the possibility to flexibly master the newly created territories by setting up underground functional spaces 1. One example of construction in stages is shown in Figure 4, where the underground functional spaces 1 are marked with white dots, for example constructed during stage one, and with dark dots are marked the underground functional spaces 1 constructed in the second or subsequent stage. For every urbanized territory the number of constructed and mastered underground functional spaces and stages are identified depending on the specific needs.

The_specification_of the suitable location for every underground functional space 1 in the urbanized territory is done with taking into account the optimal radius if pedestrian access to the schoolyard of every educational facility, as shown in Figure 3, with the circles in the center of the schoolyards, and with taking into account other general town planning principles. The process takes into account also all the necessary human activities, protected and managed by the administrative authorities, which the urbanized territory needs. This specification is done in conformity with the obligatory preventive protection of the children/students studying in the education institutions. Functions that violate this requirement are not to be implemented and are beyond the scope of functions envisaged with the creation of the method. It is good for the information systems to be collected in specialized, technical and information guides for all constructed, available and planned in the development of the urbanized territory underground functional areas. It is also practical if the information systems are composed of technical and functional-informational subsystems. It is good to construct the information network in stages, together with the stages of development and construction of the urban structure.

APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

The invention is intended for application in urbanized territories, and is especially suitable for densely populated areas. It can be implemented as an additionally integrated structure and/or as new construction, as outlined in the considered examples, when executed in the sequence, and in conformity with the method of creation and implementation of the urban space structure, described above.

For the physical construction of the underground functional spaces 1, all the activities required by the Law of any country should be completed for the full compliance with the local laws and regulations, as well as for the practical restructuring of the underground part of the schoolyards by signing the respective^ contracts for using the underground levels. Further to that, the architectural, communication, construction and o^ er designs are prepared, as necessary for the construction of the architectural-engineering complex for every underground functional space 1 , followed by the respective approval/certification by the competent authorities. Credit lines and construction are provided, as well as the furnishing, according to the required function of each underground functional space 1. Then follows the decommissioning and operation of the created urban space structure, whereby the over-ground buildings and facilities - educational complexes and schoolyard itself - preserve and improve their purpose and functions, as well as their standalone and/or combined development.

The invention creates urban space structure, which in practice is a recovered additional land. Such land is also dispersedly situated, providing exploitation space that does not disturb the architectural and spatial image of the town, allowing effective use of the entire space, including space for communications, with good enough security, without disrupting the existing operation of the surrounding buildings and facilities; or such operation may be disrupted only for a short period of time - during construction of the underground functional spaces.

The technical possibility is also created for planned and spatial structuring of a system of many urban space structures, forming a common, standalone, regional, national and global technological network for selection and multi-purpose use, helping urbanized territories and their population.

The so constructed information systems provide the local inhabitants with the possibility to have quick and easy access to each of the underground functional spaces. For example, when these connections are used for traffic control, management and optimization, there is the feedback between the information device, used by the respective vehicle driver and the information system, which emits updated information about the dynamically changing traffic situation, as well as local traffic jams, and available at that moment free places in garages and parking lots, including in the newly constructed underground ones, according to the invention principles. By sending information from the vehicle about the purpose of its visit, it is guided to the respective suitable underground functional space. This saves time, fuel, and harmful emissions in the urbanized territory. It creates optimal, stable modern management for the benefit of society, especially suitable for use in times of potential natural disasters or deliberate malevolent acts against society. There is the obvious potential for connecting the recovered underground spaces with other functional activities, appropriately selected and technically feasible.

[1] "Concept for creation and development of a network of multi-storied garages in Sankt Petersburg", approved by Ordinance 1485/02-11-2010 of the government of Sankt Petersburg.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. Urban space structure, characterized in that, it consists of underground exploitation spaces (1) connected to street network (2) and engineering infrastructure of urbanized territory, and constructed under the level of free from buildings parts of schoolyards/campuses (3) of educational institutions (4), and the underground exploitation spaces (1) form the underground level of the urbanized territory.

2. Urban space structure, according to claim 1 , characterized in that, every underground exploitation space (1) is a standalone architectural-engineering complex.

3. Urban space structure, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, every underground exploitation space (1) is connected to at least one information system and/or subsystem.

4. Urban space structure, according to claim 3, characterized in that, the information system and/or subsystem is of global type.

5. Method for creation of urban space structure, characterized in that, on a plan of urban territory the education institutions (4) are outlined with their schoolyards (3), and after that the functional activities necessary for the urbanized territory are identified with the respective spaces and their sizes; the suitable schoolyards (3) are identified in the plan for each of the functional activities or their combination, then, under the level of the free from constructed buildings territory, architectural- engineering complexes are constructed, the latter forming underground functional spaces (1) corresponding to the necessary functional activities, using known structures and construction methods in conformity with the specific geological structure under every schoolyard, establishing the connections between them and the street network (2), and the engineering infrastructure of the urbanized territory, simultaneously creating information systems of the underground functional spaces (1) connected to the respective administration unit.

6. Method, according to claim 5, characterized in that, the identification of the suitable location for every functional activity in the urbanized territory is done by considering the optimal radius of pedestrian access to the schoolyard (3) of every educational institution (4).

7. Method, according to claim 5, characterized in that, the information systems are united in specialized, technical and informational guides.

8. Method, according to claim 6, characterized in that, the information systems are composed of technical and functional-informational subsystems.

9. Method, according to any of the claims from 5 to 8, characterized in that, the information systems are set up in stages.