WO2012153182A1 - Assembly of a tube and of a sheet - Google Patents

Assembly of a tube and of a sheet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012153182A1
WO2012153182A1 PCT/IB2012/000914 IB2012000914W WO2012153182A1 WO 2012153182 A1 WO2012153182 A1 WO 2012153182A1 IB 2012000914 W IB2012000914 W IB 2012000914W WO 2012153182 A1 WO2012153182 A1 WO 2012153182A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tube
sheet
assembly
drill
end section
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2012/000914
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Dominique NINFORGE
Original Assignee
Arcelormittal Investigacion Y Desarrollo S.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arcelormittal Investigacion Y Desarrollo S.L. filed Critical Arcelormittal Investigacion Y Desarrollo S.L.
Publication of WO2012153182A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012153182A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/28—Making tube fittings for connecting pipes, e.g. U-pieces
    • B21C37/29—Making branched pieces, e.g. T-pieces
    • B21C37/298—Forming collars by flow-drilling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
    • B21D39/06—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of tubes in openings, e.g. rolling-in
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/063—Friction heat forging
    • B21J5/066—Flow drilling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K25/00—Uniting components to form integral members, e.g. turbine wheels and shafts, caulks with inserts, with or without shaping of the components
    • B21K25/005—Uniting components to form integral members, e.g. turbine wheels and shafts, caulks with inserts, with or without shaping of the components by friction heat forging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the assembly of metal elements and more particularly to the assembly of a tube and a sheet.
  • the fluo-flow consists of a method of drilling a metallic object by local heating of the object.
  • a non-cutting tool commonly referred to as a drill, rotating at high speed, is pressurized in contact with the object.
  • the local heating generated by the friction of the drill on the object softens the material and represses it.
  • the material returned by the drill gives birth to a small tube of material commonly referred to as the sleeve. This can subsequently be tapped by repression or serve as a landing.
  • the invention firstly relates to a method of assembling a tube of internal diameter D, and a sheet of thickness E t having at least a substantially flat portion comprising the steps according to which:
  • the sheet is assembled to the tube by perforation of the sheet by means of a drill with a diameter greater than or equal to D, - 2 x E t , the flow being made from the sheet to the tube, in the axis of the tube.
  • the method according to the invention may also comprise the following optional characteristics, taken alone or in combination:
  • the tube is positioned perpendicular to the substantially flat portion of the sheet
  • the drill is of diameter greater than or equal to D,
  • the drill includes a collar
  • the drill has a chamfer
  • the drill includes a shoulder
  • the tube is positioned in such a way that its end section protrudes from the surface of a support on which the sheet is then deposited;
  • the assembly method comprises a preliminary step in which the end section of the tube is crushed.
  • a second object of the invention is constituted by the assembly of a tube and a sheet having at least a substantially flat portion obtainable by the method according to the invention for which the sheet comprises a sleeve lining a part of the inside of the tube.
  • the assembly according to the invention may also comprise the following optional features, taken separately or in combination: - The part of the tube in contact with the sleeve is crimped;
  • the sheet comprises a circular bulge surrounding the outside of the end of the tube
  • the end section of the tube includes a disintegration.
  • a third object of the invention is the use of the method according to the invention for the manufacture of a solar absorber.
  • FIG. 1 is an illustration of the drilling of a sheet by fluo-piercing according to the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is an example of the method of assembling a sheet and a tube according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a micrographic section of an example of assembly of a sheet and a tube according to the invention, detailing the contact between the wall of the tube and the sheet.
  • sheet metal means a metal body of flat shape, that is to say of small thickness compared to its other dimensions.
  • the sheet may be in the form of a plate or sheet made of a single metallic material or a composite assembly. In the latter case, the sheet is a superposition of several layers of the same material or different materials.
  • metallic materials mention may be made of steel, aluminum and copper.
  • the metallic material is a metal alloy such as steel.
  • the sheet may have been shaped by any known method of shaping which will be mentioned by way of non-limiting example folding, profiling, stamping. However, it will be ensured, during this shaping, that the sheet retains at least a local portion substantially flat, that is to say sufficiently flat so that the section of a tube can be supported.
  • a sheet 1 is brought into contact with a non-cutting drill 2.
  • the drill 2 comprises a conical portion 3, a cylindrical portion 4 and a flange 5.
  • the rotation of this drill rubbing on the sheet and the pressure exerted by the drill on the sheet causes a very strong local heating of the sheet.
  • the metallic material constituting the sheet is softened and allows the drill to pass through the sheet. During this movement, the softened material is pushed back on both sides of the sheet. Most of this material is forced towards the face opposite to the pierced face and forms a small tube of metallic material, open at both ends, referred to as a sleeve, as illustrated in FIG.
  • This sleeve then has an inside diameter substantially equivalent to the diameter of the cylindrical portion 4 of the drill.
  • the small portion of material discharged towards the pierced face is in turn crushed by the flange 5 of the drill arriving at the end of the stroke.
  • a sheet 1 is first at least partly brought into contact with the end section of a tube 7 at one of its substantially flat local portions.
  • the axis of the tube is, in this case, perpendicular to the substantially flat local portion.
  • a drill 2 is positioned in contact with the sheet facing the tube, the axis of the drill being in the axis of the tube.
  • the sheet 1 is pierced by flow-forming so as to form a hole opening into the tube.
  • the material pushed towards the face opposite to the pierced face forms a sleeve 6 which comes uniformly inside the end of the tube and thus weld the sheet to the tube.
  • the intimate contact of this sleeve and the tube makes it possible to firmly secure the tube and the sheet.
  • the contact surface obtained in the context of the present invention substantially corresponds to the developed surface of the socket which reinforces considerably the mechanical strength of the assembly obtained.
  • drills of varying diameter that is to say drills with cylindrical portions of varying diameter.
  • the drill will have a diameter equal to the inner diameter of the tube, or even slightly higher, so as to crimp the tube at the sleeve.
  • crimping here means forcing the widening of the end of the tube.
  • the drill with a diameter equal to or slightly greater than the inside diameter of the tube separates the bushing and presses it further in contact with the tube which itself widens. The contact between the tube and the sheet is all the better and the assembly is all the more resistant.
  • a drill having a chamfer that is to say an oblique surface, located between the cylindrical portion 4 and the flange 5 of the drill.
  • the chamfer spreads the bushing and presses it further in contact with the tube which itself widens, thus reinforcing the assembly.
  • the same drill may simultaneously have a diameter slightly greater than the inner diameter of the tube and a chamfer and to crimp the tube with even more efficiency.
  • the inventors were able to observe that, surprisingly, the flange 5 of the drill had an unexpected effect, particularly on sheets of thin thickness. At the end of the flow, this collar comes into contact with the sheet. The pressure exerted by the flange on the sheet and local warming causes the thinning of the sheet at the end section of the tube and the incrustation of this end section in the thickness of the sheet.
  • Micrographic sections of the assembly obtained such as that presented in FIG. 3, made it possible to observe that the sheet surrounds the end of the tube, both inside the tube, in the form of a socket, and the outside in the form of a circular bulge 8. This incrustation of the end of the tube in the thickness of the sheet contributes to greatly strengthen the strength of the assembly obtained.
  • the effect of the flange of the drill is less sensitive because the sheet then has more resistance to thinning.
  • the limit between thin and thick was identified at 0.8mm in the context of the tests conducted. However it is allowed to think that this limit is variable and is a function of parameters such as the inside diameter of the tube, the conditions of flow or the thickness of the wall of the tube.
  • a first alternative is to provide the collar with a shoulder.
  • This shoulder consists of one or more circular rings added to the flange on the side of the cylindrical portion 4 of the drill. This shoulder contributes to deforming the substantially flat portion of the sheet around the end of the tube before the flange comes into abutment on the sheet. This shoulder thus promotes the formation of the circular bulge and thus the incrustation of the end of the tube in the thickness of the sheet.
  • a second alternative is to impress the end section of the tube, that is to say to thicken the wall of the tube at its end section.
  • the blockage blocks the possible withdrawal of the tube thus contributing to the mechanical strength of assembly. It is possible to envisage doing this in at least two different ways.
  • a first way consists of a step prior to the positioning of the tube in contact with the sheet during which the end section of the tube is crushed.
  • a second way is to change the position of the tube before drilling. While it is possible, in certain cases, to fix the tube in a vice so that its end section is flush with the surface of a support on which the sheet is then deposited, the end of support tube.
  • the pressure exerted by the collar during the flow not only to thin the sheet, contributes to the disintegration of the end section of the tube.
  • this end section is more or less more or less flattened. As a result, this distance will be adjusted to obtain the desired mechanical strength.
  • the tube-sheet contact surface corresponds substantially to the developed surface of the socket, which considerably strengthens the mechanical strength of the assembly obtained
  • the method makes it possible to use all kinds of tubes without limitation as to their shape or size,
  • the process has several alternatives significantly enhancing the mechanical strength of the tube-sheet assembly, -
  • the drilling of the sheet resulting in the formation of a hole opening into the tube, this method is particularly advantageous for applications in which a fluid is circulated in the assembly, in particular for the heating circuits, the cooling circuits , heat exchangers, solar absorbers ...
  • the axis of the tube was perpendicular to the substantially flat local portion.
  • the end section of the tube will preferably be adjusted so that it is in contact with the substantially flat local portion of the sheet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates mainly to a method of assembling a tube (7) of inside diameter Di and a sheet (1) of thickness Et having at least one substantially planar portion involving steps whereby the tube is positioned level with the substantially planar portion of the sheet, the end section of the tube being at least partially in contact with the sheet, then the sheet is assembled with the tube by flow drilling the sheet using a drill bit (2) of a diameter greater than or equal to Di - 2 x Et, the flow drilling being performed from the sheet towards the tube, along the axis of the tube. The invention also relates to the assembly of a tube and of a sheet and to the use of the method for the manufacture of solar absorbers.

Description

ASSEMBLAGE D'UN TUBE ET D'UNE TÔLE  ASSEMBLY OF A TUBE AND SHEET
La présente invention est relative à l'assemblage d'éléments métalliques et plus particulièrement à l'assemblage d'un tube et d'une tôle. The present invention relates to the assembly of metal elements and more particularly to the assembly of a tube and a sheet.
Le fluoperçage consiste en un procédé de perçage d'un objet métallique par échauffement local de l'objet. Un outil non-coupant, communément désigné sous le terme de foret, en rotation à vitesse élevée, est mis en pression au contact de l'objet. L'échauffement local généré par la friction du foret sur l'objet ramollit la matière et la refoule. La matière refoulée par le foret donne naissance à un petit tube de matière communément désigné sous le terme de douille. Celle-ci peut, par la suite, être taraudée par refoulement ou servir de palier. The fluo-flow consists of a method of drilling a metallic object by local heating of the object. A non-cutting tool, commonly referred to as a drill, rotating at high speed, is pressurized in contact with the object. The local heating generated by the friction of the drill on the object softens the material and represses it. The material returned by the drill gives birth to a small tube of material commonly referred to as the sleeve. This can subsequently be tapped by repression or serve as a landing.
Il est connu de recourir au fluoperçage pour assembler des objets métalliques. Il est connu notamment de GB 1 601 951 de recourir au fluoperçage pour assembler une tôle et un tube. Dans une première étape, une tôle est percée par fluoperçage de façon à former une douille. Dans une seconde étape, un tube est introduit dans la douille et serti par élargissement du diamètre du tube à hauteur de la douille. Un tel procédé présente l'inconvénient de nécessiter plusieurs étapes successives.  It is known to use fluo-piercing to assemble metal objects. It is known in particular from GB 1 601 951 to use flow-forming to assemble a sheet and a tube. In a first step, a sheet is pierced by flow-forming so as to form a sleeve. In a second step, a tube is introduced into the socket and crimped by widening the diameter of the tube at the height of the sleeve. Such a method has the disadvantage of requiring several successive steps.
Il est connu également de EP 0 008 135 de recourir au fluoperçage pour assembler un tube et un objet tel qu'un tube ou une tôle. Les deux pièces à assembler sont d'abord mises en contact. Un foret de diamètre légèrement inférieur au diamètre intérieur du tube est ensuite introduit dans le tube et perce la deuxième pièce. L'échauffement local généré par la friction du foret sur cette deuxième pièce ramollit celle-ci ainsi que l'extrémité du tube, ce qui conduit à la soudure des deux pièces. Un tel procédé présente l'inconvénient de ne pouvoir être mis en uvre que pour des tubes rectilignes et de petite longueur. De plus, en pratique, il est nécessaire de recourir à un tube bouché à son extrémité pour obtenir un échauffement local suffisant. La présente invention a pour but de faciliter l'assemblage par fluoperçage d'un tube et d'une tôle. Elle a été conçue et réalisée pour surmonter les défauts présentés précédemment et pour obtenir d'autres avantages. It is also known from EP 0 008 135 to use flow-forming to assemble a tube and an object such as a tube or a sheet. The two parts to be assembled are first brought into contact. A drill diameter slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the tube is then introduced into the tube and pierces the second piece. The local heating generated by the friction of the drill on this second part softens it as well as the end of the tube, which leads to the welding of the two parts. Such a method has the disadvantage of being able to be implemented only for rectilinear and short length tubes. In addition, in practice, it is necessary to use a tube plugged at its end to obtain sufficient local heating. The present invention aims to facilitate the assembly by flow of a tube and a sheet. It has been designed and realized to overcome the defects presented previously and to obtain other advantages.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour premier objet un procédé d'assemblage d'un tube de diamètre intérieur D, et d'une tôle d'épaisseur Et présentant au moins une portion sensiblement plane comprenant les étapes selon lesquelles : For this purpose, the invention firstly relates to a method of assembling a tube of internal diameter D, and a sheet of thickness E t having at least a substantially flat portion comprising the steps according to which:
- On positionne le tube au niveau de la portion sensiblement plane de la tôle, la section d'extrémité du tube étant au moins partiellement en contact avec la tôle,  - Positioning the tube at the substantially flat portion of the sheet, the end section of the tube being at least partially in contact with the sheet,
- On assemble la tôle au tube par fluoperçage de la tôle au moyen d'un foret de diamètre supérieur ou égal à D, - 2 x Et, le fluoperçage étant réalisé de la tôle vers le tube, dans l'axe du tube. - The sheet is assembled to the tube by perforation of the sheet by means of a drill with a diameter greater than or equal to D, - 2 x E t , the flow being made from the sheet to the tube, in the axis of the tube.
Le procédé selon l'invention peut également comprendre les caractéristiques optionnelles suivantes, prises isolément ou en combinaison : The method according to the invention may also comprise the following optional characteristics, taken alone or in combination:
- Le tube est positionné perpendiculairement à la portion sensiblement plane de la tôle ;  - The tube is positioned perpendicular to the substantially flat portion of the sheet;
- Le foret est de diamètre supérieur ou égal à D, ;  - The drill is of diameter greater than or equal to D,;
- Le foret comprend une collerette ;  - The drill includes a collar;
- Le foret comprend un chanfrein ;  - The drill has a chamfer;
- Le foret comprend un épaulement ;  - The drill includes a shoulder;
- Le tube est positionné de telle façon que sa section d'extrémité dépasse de la surface d'un support sur lequel on vient ensuite déposer la tôle ; - The tube is positioned in such a way that its end section protrudes from the surface of a support on which the sheet is then deposited;
- Le procédé d'assemblage comprend une étape préliminaire selon laquelle on écrase la section d'extrémité du tùbe. The assembly method comprises a preliminary step in which the end section of the tube is crushed.
Un second objet de l'invention est constitué par l'assemblage d'un tube et d'une tôle présentant au moins une portion sensiblement plane pouvant être obtenu par le procédé selon l'invention pour lequel la tôle comprend une douille chemisant une partie de l'intérieur du tube. A second object of the invention is constituted by the assembly of a tube and a sheet having at least a substantially flat portion obtainable by the method according to the invention for which the sheet comprises a sleeve lining a part of the inside of the tube.
L'assemblage selon l'invention peut également comprendre les caractéristiques optionnelles suivantes, prises isolément ou en combinaison : - La partie du tube en contact avec la douille est sertie ; The assembly according to the invention may also comprise the following optional features, taken separately or in combination: - The part of the tube in contact with the sleeve is crimped;
- La tôle comprend un renflement circulaire entourant l'extérieur de l'extrémité du tube ;  - The sheet comprises a circular bulge surrounding the outside of the end of the tube;
- La section d'extrémité du tube comprend un épatement.  - The end section of the tube includes a disintegration.
Un troisième objet de l'invention est constitué par l'utilisation du procédé selon l'invention pour la fabrication d'un absorbeur solaire. A third object of the invention is the use of the method according to the invention for the manufacture of a solar absorber.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description which follows.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit, donnée à titre explicatif mais non limitatif, en référence aux figures annexées qui représentent :  The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given for explanatory but non-limiting purposes, with reference to the appended figures which represent:
- La figure 1 est une illustration du perçage d'une tôle par fluoperçage selon l'art antérieur ;  - Figure 1 is an illustration of the drilling of a sheet by fluo-piercing according to the prior art;
- La figure 2 est un exemple du procédé d'assemblage d'une tôle et d'un tube selon l'invention ;  - Figure 2 is an example of the method of assembling a sheet and a tube according to the invention;
- La figure 3 est une coupe micrographique d'un exemple d'assemblage d'une tôle et d'un tube selon l'invention, détaillant le contact entre la paroi du tube et la tôle.  - Figure 3 is a micrographic section of an example of assembly of a sheet and a tube according to the invention, detailing the contact between the wall of the tube and the sheet.
Les mêmes numéros de référence représentent les mêmes éléments dans chacune des figures.  The same reference numbers represent the same elements in each of the figures.
Dans l'ensemble du texte, on entendra par tôle un corps métallique de forme plate, c'est-à-dire de faible épaisseur comparée à ses autres dimensions. La tôle peut se présenter sous la forme d'une plaque ou d'une feuille constituée d'un matériau métallique unique ou d'un assemblage composite. Dans ce dernier cas, la tôle est une superposition de plusieurs couches du même matériau ou de matériaux différents. On pourra citer à titre d'exemple non limitatif de matériaux métalliques l'acier, l'aluminium, le cuivre. De préférence le matériau métallique est un alliage métallique tel que l'acier. Throughout the text, sheet metal means a metal body of flat shape, that is to say of small thickness compared to its other dimensions. The sheet may be in the form of a plate or sheet made of a single metallic material or a composite assembly. In the latter case, the sheet is a superposition of several layers of the same material or different materials. By way of non-limiting example of metallic materials, mention may be made of steel, aluminum and copper. Preferably the metallic material is a metal alloy such as steel.
Préalablement à la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention, la tôle peut avoir été mise en forme au moyen de tout procédé connu de mise en forme parmi lesquels on citera à titre d'exemple non limitatif le pliage, le profilage, l'emboutissage. On aura cependant veillé, au cours de cette mise en forme, à ce que la tôle conserve au moins une portion locale sensiblement plane, c'est-à-dire suffisamment plane pour que la section d'un tube puisse y être appuyée. Prior to the implementation of the method according to the invention, the sheet may have been shaped by any known method of shaping which will be mentioned by way of non-limiting example folding, profiling, stamping. However, it will be ensured, during this shaping, that the sheet retains at least a local portion substantially flat, that is to say sufficiently flat so that the section of a tube can be supported.
On décrit le procédé de fluoperçage selon l'art antérieur en référence à la figure 1. The flow-through method according to the prior art is described with reference to FIG.
A la figure 1a, une tôle 1 est mise en contact avec un foret 2 non-coupant. Le foret 2 comporte une partie conique 3, une partie cylindrique 4 et une collerette 5. La rotation de ce foret frottant sur la tôle ainsi que la pression exercée par le foret sur la tôle entraînent un très fort échauffement local de la tôle. Le matériau métallique constitutif de la tôle se ramollit et laisse le foret traverser la tôle. Lors de ce mouvement, la matière ramollie est refoulée de part et d'autre de la tôle. La majeure partie de cette matière est refoulée vers la face opposée à la face percée et forme un petit tube de matériau métallique, ouvert à ses deux extrémités, désigné sous le terme de douille, tel qu'illustré à la figure 1b sous la référence 6. Cette douille présente alors un diamètre intérieur sensiblement équivalent au diamètre de la partie cylindrique 4 du foret. La faible partie de matière refoulée vers la face percée est quant à elle écrasée par la collerette 5 du foret arrivant en bout de course.  In Figure 1a, a sheet 1 is brought into contact with a non-cutting drill 2. The drill 2 comprises a conical portion 3, a cylindrical portion 4 and a flange 5. The rotation of this drill rubbing on the sheet and the pressure exerted by the drill on the sheet causes a very strong local heating of the sheet. The metallic material constituting the sheet is softened and allows the drill to pass through the sheet. During this movement, the softened material is pushed back on both sides of the sheet. Most of this material is forced towards the face opposite to the pierced face and forms a small tube of metallic material, open at both ends, referred to as a sleeve, as illustrated in FIG. This sleeve then has an inside diameter substantially equivalent to the diameter of the cylindrical portion 4 of the drill. The small portion of material discharged towards the pierced face is in turn crushed by the flange 5 of the drill arriving at the end of the stroke.
On décrit maintenant un exemple d'assemblage d'un tube et d'une tôle selon l'invention en référence à la figure 2. An example of assembly of a tube and a sheet according to the invention is now described with reference to FIG.
Comme illustré à la figure 2a, une tôle 1 est d'abord mise au moins partiellement en contact avec la section d'extrémité d'un tube 7 au niveau d'une de ses portions locales sensiblement plane. L'axe du tube est, dans ce cas de figure, perpendiculaire à la portion locale sensiblement plane.  As illustrated in FIG. 2a, a sheet 1 is first at least partly brought into contact with the end section of a tube 7 at one of its substantially flat local portions. The axis of the tube is, in this case, perpendicular to the substantially flat local portion.
Comme illustré à la figure 2b, un foret 2 est positionné au contact de la tôle en regard du tube, l'axe du foret étant dans l'axe du tube.  As illustrated in Figure 2b, a drill 2 is positioned in contact with the sheet facing the tube, the axis of the drill being in the axis of the tube.
Comme illustré aux figures 2c à 2e, on perce la tôle 1 par fluoperçage de façon à former un trou débouchant dans le tube. La matière refoulée vers la face opposée à la face percée forme une douille 6 qui vient uniformément chemiser l'intérieur de l'extrémité du tube et ainsi souder la tôle au tube. Le contact intime de cette douille et du tube permet de fermement solidariser le tube et la tôle. As illustrated in FIGS. 2c to 2e, the sheet 1 is pierced by flow-forming so as to form a hole opening into the tube. The material pushed towards the face opposite to the pierced face forms a sleeve 6 which comes uniformly inside the end of the tube and thus weld the sheet to the tube. The intimate contact of this sleeve and the tube makes it possible to firmly secure the tube and the sheet.
Contrairement à l'art antérieur précédemment décrit pour lequel le contact tube-tôle était limité à la section d'extrémité du tube, la surface de contact obtenue dans le cadre de la présente invention correspond sensiblement à la surface développée de la douille ce qui renforce considérablement la résistance mécanique de l'assemblage obtenu.  Unlike the previously described prior art for which the tube-sheet contact was limited to the end section of the tube, the contact surface obtained in the context of the present invention substantially corresponds to the developed surface of the socket which reinforces considerably the mechanical strength of the assembly obtained.
Selon la qualité de l'assemblage souhaité, on pourra avoir recours à des forets de diamètre variable, autrement dit à des forets présentant des parties cylindriques de diamètre variable. Au cours des essais menés, les inventeurs ont pu observer qu'un foret de diamètre égal à D, - 2 x Et, avec D, diamètre intérieur du tube et Et épaisseur de la tôle, était suffisant pour obtenir un assemblage suffisamment résistant du tube et de la tôle. Cependant, de préférence, le foret aura un diamètre égal au diamètre intérieur du tube, ou encore préférentiellement légèrement supérieur, de façon à sertir le tube au niveau de la douille. On entend ici par « sertir » le fait de forcer l'élargissement de l'extrémité du tube. Le foret de diamètre égal ou légèrement supérieur au diamètre intérieur du tube écarte la douille et la presse davantage au contact du tube qui lui-même s'élargit. Le contact entre le tube et la tôle en est d'autant meilleur et l'assemblage en est d'autant plus résistant. Depending on the quality of the desired assembly, it will be possible to use drills of varying diameter, that is to say drills with cylindrical portions of varying diameter. During the tests carried out, the inventors have observed that a drill bit of diameter equal to D - E x t 2, with D, the inner pipe diameter and t E thickness of the sheet, was sufficient to obtain a sufficiently strong joining tube and sheet. However, preferably, the drill will have a diameter equal to the inner diameter of the tube, or even slightly higher, so as to crimp the tube at the sleeve. The term "crimping" here means forcing the widening of the end of the tube. The drill with a diameter equal to or slightly greater than the inside diameter of the tube separates the bushing and presses it further in contact with the tube which itself widens. The contact between the tube and the sheet is all the better and the assembly is all the more resistant.
Alternativement, on pourra avoir recours à un foret présentant un chanfrein, c'est-à-dire une surface oblique, situé entre la partie cylindrique 4 et la collerette 5 du foret. Dans ce cas, en bout de course du foret, le chanfrein écarte la douille et la presse davantage au contact du tube qui lui-même s'élargit, renforçant ainsi l'assemblage.  Alternatively, it will be possible to use a drill having a chamfer, that is to say an oblique surface, located between the cylindrical portion 4 and the flange 5 of the drill. In this case, at the end of the drill stroke, the chamfer spreads the bushing and presses it further in contact with the tube which itself widens, thus reinforcing the assembly.
Il est entendu qu'un même foret pourra présenter simultanément un diamètre légèrement supérieur au diamètre intérieur du tube et un chanfrein et ce afin de sertir le tube avec d'autant plus d'efficacité.  It is understood that the same drill may simultaneously have a diameter slightly greater than the inner diameter of the tube and a chamfer and to crimp the tube with even more efficiency.
Au cours des essais menés, les inventeurs ont pu observer que, de façon surprenante, la collerette 5 du foret avait un effet inattendu en particulier sur des tôles de fine épaisseur. A la fin du fluoperçage, cette collerette entre en contact avec la tôle. La pression exercée par la collerette sur la tôle et réchauffement local entraînent l'amincissement de la tôle au niveau de la section d'extrémité du tube et l'incrustation de cette section d'extrémité dans l'épaisseur de la tôle. During the tests conducted, the inventors were able to observe that, surprisingly, the flange 5 of the drill had an unexpected effect, particularly on sheets of thin thickness. At the end of the flow, this collar comes into contact with the sheet. The pressure exerted by the flange on the sheet and local warming causes the thinning of the sheet at the end section of the tube and the incrustation of this end section in the thickness of the sheet.
Des coupes micrographiques de l'assemblage obtenu, telle que celle présentée en figure 3, ont permis d'observer que la tôle entoure l'extrémité du tube, tant à l'intérieur du tube, sous forme d'une douille, qu'à l'extérieur sous forme d'un renflement circulaire 8. Cette incrustation de l'extrémité du tube dans l'épaisseur de la tôle contribue à fortement renforcer la résistance de l'assemblage obtenu.  Micrographic sections of the assembly obtained, such as that presented in FIG. 3, made it possible to observe that the sheet surrounds the end of the tube, both inside the tube, in the form of a socket, and the outside in the form of a circular bulge 8. This incrustation of the end of the tube in the thickness of the sheet contributes to greatly strengthen the strength of the assembly obtained.
Dans le cas de tôles de forte épaisseur, l'effet de la collerette du foret est moins sensible du fait même que la tôle présente alors plus de résistance à l'amincissement.  In the case of thick sheets, the effect of the flange of the drill is less sensitive because the sheet then has more resistance to thinning.
La limite entre fine et forte épaisseur a été identifiée à 0,8mm dans le cadre des essais menés. Cependant il est permis de penser que cette limite est variable et est fonction de paramètres tels que le diamètre intérieur du tube, les conditions de fluoperçage ou encore l'épaisseur de la paroi du tube.  The limit between thin and thick was identified at 0.8mm in the context of the tests conducted. However it is allowed to think that this limit is variable and is a function of parameters such as the inside diameter of the tube, the conditions of flow or the thickness of the wall of the tube.
De façon à renforcer la résistance de l'assemblage, on pourra avoir recours, lors de la mise en œuvre du procédé, à différentes alternatives favorisant l'incrustation de l'extrémité du tube dans l'épaisseur de la tôle, et ce quelque soit l'épaisseur de la tôle utilisée. In order to increase the strength of the assembly, it will be possible, during the implementation of the method, to have various alternatives favoring the incrustation of the end of the tube in the thickness of the sheet, and whatever is the thickness of the sheet used.
Une première alternative consiste à doter la collerette d'un épaulement. Cet épaulement consiste en un ou plusieurs anneaux circulaires ajoutés sur la collerette du coté de la partie cylindrique 4 du foret. Cet épaulement contribue à déformer la portion sensiblement plane de la tôle autour de l'extrémité du tube avant que la collerette ne vienne en butée sur la tôlè. Cet épaulement favorise ainsi la formation du renflement circulaire et donc l'incrustation de l'extrémité du tube dans l'épaisseur de la tôle.  A first alternative is to provide the collar with a shoulder. This shoulder consists of one or more circular rings added to the flange on the side of the cylindrical portion 4 of the drill. This shoulder contributes to deforming the substantially flat portion of the sheet around the end of the tube before the flange comes into abutment on the sheet. This shoulder thus promotes the formation of the circular bulge and thus the incrustation of the end of the tube in the thickness of the sheet.
Une deuxième alternative consiste à épater la section d'extrémité du tube, c'est-à-dire à épaissir la paroi du tube au niveau de sa section d'extrémité. Lors de l'incrustation de cette section dans l'épaisseur de la tôle, l'épatement bloque le retrait éventuel du tube contribuant ainsi à la résistance mécanique de l'assemblage. On peut envisager de réaliser cet épatement d'au moins deux façons différentes. A second alternative is to impress the end section of the tube, that is to say to thicken the wall of the tube at its end section. During the incrustation of this section in the thickness of the sheet, the blockage blocks the possible withdrawal of the tube thus contributing to the mechanical strength of assembly. It is possible to envisage doing this in at least two different ways.
Une première façon consiste en une étape préalable au positionnement du tube au contact de la tôle au cours de laquelle on écrase la section d'extrémité du tube.  A first way consists of a step prior to the positioning of the tube in contact with the sheet during which the end section of the tube is crushed.
Une deuxième façon consiste à modifier la position du tube avant fluoperçage. Alors qu'on peut prévoir, dans certains cas, de fixer le tube dans un étau de telle façon que sa section d'extrémité affleure la surface d'un support sur lequel on dépose ensuite la tôle, on fait dépasser ici l'extrémité du tube du support. La pression exercée par la collerette lors du fluoperçage, non contente d'amincir la tôle, contribue à l'épatement de la section d'extrémité du tube. En fonction de la distance séparant le support de la section d'extrémité du tube, on épate plus ou moins cette section d'extrémité. En conséquence, cette distance sera réglée de façon à obtenir la résistance mécanique souhaitée.  A second way is to change the position of the tube before drilling. While it is possible, in certain cases, to fix the tube in a vice so that its end section is flush with the surface of a support on which the sheet is then deposited, the end of support tube. The pressure exerted by the collar during the flow, not only to thin the sheet, contributes to the disintegration of the end section of the tube. As a function of the distance separating the support from the end section of the tube, this end section is more or less more or less flattened. As a result, this distance will be adjusted to obtain the desired mechanical strength.
Il est entendu que ces différentes alternatives peuvent être mises en œuvre individuellement ou en combinaison.  It is understood that these different alternatives can be implemented individually or in combination.
Le procédé décrit au travers des exemples ci-dessus présente les avantages suivants : The method described through the above examples has the following advantages:
- le perçage de la tôle et la fixation du tube à la tôle sont réalisés au cours d'une seule et même étape, réduisant ainsi significativement le temps de fabrication de l'assemblage,  - The drilling of the sheet and the fixing of the tube to the sheet are made in a single step, thus significantly reducing the manufacturing time of the assembly,
- le surface de contact tube-tôle correspond sensiblement à la surface développée de la douille ce qui renforce considérablement la résistance mécanique de l'assemblage obtenu,  the tube-sheet contact surface corresponds substantially to the developed surface of the socket, which considerably strengthens the mechanical strength of the assembly obtained,
- la chaleur dégagée par le fluoperçage soude la tôle et le tube ce qui permet d'obtenir une résistance mécanique bien supérieure à celle d'un simple sertissage ou d'une soudure limitée à l'extrémité du tube, - The heat released by the fluoperçage solder the sheet and the tube which allows to obtain a much greater mechanical strength than a simple crimping or a weld limited to the end of the tube,
- le procédé permet d'utiliser toutes sortes de tubes sans limitation quant à leur forme ou à leur dimension, the method makes it possible to use all kinds of tubes without limitation as to their shape or size,
- le procédé présente plusieurs alternatives renforçant significativement la résistance mécanique de l'assemblage tube-tôle, - Le perçage de la tôle entraînant la formation d'un trou débouchant dans le tube, ce procédé est particulièrement avantageux pour les applications dans lesquelles un fluide est amené à circuler dans l'assemblage, notamment pour les circuits de chauffage, les circuits de refroidissement, les échangeurs thermiques, les absorbeurs solaires... the process has several alternatives significantly enhancing the mechanical strength of the tube-sheet assembly, - The drilling of the sheet resulting in the formation of a hole opening into the tube, this method is particularly advantageous for applications in which a fluid is circulated in the assembly, in particular for the heating circuits, the cooling circuits , heat exchangers, solar absorbers ...
Dans le cas des exemples ci-dessus, l'axe du tube était perpendiculaire à la portion locale sensiblement plane. Il est cependant possible d'incliner l'axe du tube et de réaliser l'assemblage tout aussi facilement. Dans ce cas, la section d'extrémité du tube sera préférentiellement ajustée de façon à ce qu'elle soit en contact avec la portion locale sensiblement plane de la tôle. In the case of the above examples, the axis of the tube was perpendicular to the substantially flat local portion. However, it is possible to tilt the axis of the tube and to make the assembly just as easily. In this case, the end section of the tube will preferably be adjusted so that it is in contact with the substantially flat local portion of the sheet.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1) Procédé d'assemblage d'un tube (7) de diamètre intérieur D, et d'une tôle (1) d'épaisseur Et présentant au moins une portion sensiblement plane comprenant les étapes selon lesquelles : 1) A method of assembling a tube (7) of internal diameter D, and a sheet (1) of thickness E t having at least a substantially flat portion comprising the steps according to which:
- On positionne ledit tube au niveau de la portion sensiblement plane de ladite tôle, la section d'extrémité du tube étant au moins partiellement en contact avec la tôle,  - Positioning said tube at the substantially flat portion of said sheet, the end section of the tube being at least partially in contact with the sheet,
- On assemble ladite tôle audit tube par fluoperçage de la tôle au moyen d'un foret (2) de diamètre supérieur ou égal à D, - 2 x Et, ledit fluoperçage étant réalisé de la tôle vers le tube, dans l'axe du tube. - said sheet is assembled to said tube by flow drilling of the sheet by means of a drill (2) of diameter greater than or equal to D - E x t 2, said flow drilling is carried out of the sheet to the tube, in the axis of the tube.
2) Procédé d'assemblage selon la revendication 1 selon lequel ledit tube (7) est positionné perpendiculairement à la portion sensiblement plane de ladite tôle (1). 2) A method of assembly according to claim 1 wherein said tube (7) is positioned perpendicular to the substantially planar portion of said sheet (1).
3) Procédé d'assemblage selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2 selon lequel ledit foret (2) est de diamètre supérieur ou égal à D,. 3) A method of assembly according to one of claims 1 or 2 wherein said drill (2) has a diameter greater than or equal to D ,.
4) Procédé d'assemblage selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3 selon lequel ledit foret (2) comprend une collerette (5). 4) The assembly method according to one of claims 2 or 3 wherein said drill (2) comprises a flange (5).
5) Procédé d'assemblage selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4 selon lequel ledit foret (2) comprend un chanfrein. 5) A method of assembly according to one of claims 2 to 4 wherein said drill (2) comprises a chamfer.
6) Procédé d'assemblage selon l'une des revendications 2 à 5 selon lequel ledit foret (2) comprend un épaulement. 6) A method of assembly according to one of claims 2 to 5 wherein said drill (2) comprises a shoulder.
7) Procédé d'assemblage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6 selon lequel ledit tube (7) est positionné de telle façon que sa section d'extrémité dépasse de la surface d'un support sur lequel on vient ensuite déposer ladite tôle (1). 8) Procédé d'assemblage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7 comprenant une étape préliminaire selon laquelle on écrase la section d'extrémité dudit tube. 7) A method of assembly according to one of claims 1 to 6 wherein said tube (7) is positioned in such a way that its end section protrudes from the surface of a support on which is then deposited said sheet ( 1). 8) A method of assembly according to one of claims 1 to 7 comprising a preliminary step of which one crushes the end section of said tube.
9) Assemblage d'un tube (7) et d'une tôle (1) présentant au moins une portion sensiblement plane pouvant être obtenu par le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 pour lequel ladite tôle (1) comprend une douille (6) chemisant une partie de l'intérieur dudit tube (7). 9) assembly of a tube (7) and a sheet (1) having at least a substantially flat portion obtainable by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein said sheet (1) comprises a sleeve (6) lining a portion of the interior of said tube (7).
10) Assemblage d'un tube et d'une tôle selon la revendication 9 pour lequel la partie dudit tube (7) en contact avec ladite douille (6) est sertie. 10) assembly of a tube and a sheet according to claim 9 wherein the portion of said tube (7) in contact with said sleeve (6) is crimped.
1 ) Assemblage d'un tube et d'une tôle selon l'une des revendications 9 ou 10 pour lequel ladite tôle (1) comprend un renflement circulaire (8) entourant l'extérieur de l'extrémité du tube. 1) Assembly of a tube and a sheet according to one of claims 9 or 10 wherein said sheet (1) comprises a circular bulge (8) surrounding the outside of the end of the tube.
12) Assemblage d'un tube et d'une tôle selon l'une des revendications 9 à 11 pour lequel la section d'extrémité du tube comprend un épatement.. 12) assembly of a tube and a sheet according to one of claims 9 to 11 for which the end section of the tube comprises a épatement ..
13) Utilisation du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 pour la fabrication d'un absorbeur solaire. 13) Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for the manufacture of a solar absorber.
PCT/IB2012/000914 2011-05-12 2012-05-10 Assembly of a tube and of a sheet WO2012153182A1 (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150093187A1 (en) * 2013-09-27 2015-04-02 KACO GmbH + Co., KG Method for producing a non-detachable connection between at least two workpieces, and connection produced according to this method
EP2905091A1 (en) * 2014-02-07 2015-08-12 Bollhoff Otalu S.A. Method for assembling an insert on a mounting
WO2023075594A1 (en) * 2021-10-27 2023-05-04 Smartfloor B.V. Method for making at least one threaded bushing in a hollow profile, hollow profile and vehicle comprising such a hollow profile

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EP0008135A1 (en) 1978-06-06 1980-02-20 Drabus B.V. Welding method for joining a branch pipe to the wall of a tube or a vessel
GB1601951A (en) 1978-05-02 1981-11-04 Covrad Ltd Tube to tube plate joint
FR2851486A1 (en) * 2003-02-24 2004-08-27 Faurecia Sys Echappement Probe receptacle receiving tapping clip producing method for internal combustion engine, involves locating thin walled pipes zone, introducing additional thickness on zone, and making tapping by flow drill
WO2008056449A1 (en) * 2006-11-10 2008-05-15 Hino Motors, Ltd. Structure for joining members

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1601951A (en) 1978-05-02 1981-11-04 Covrad Ltd Tube to tube plate joint
EP0008135A1 (en) 1978-06-06 1980-02-20 Drabus B.V. Welding method for joining a branch pipe to the wall of a tube or a vessel
FR2851486A1 (en) * 2003-02-24 2004-08-27 Faurecia Sys Echappement Probe receptacle receiving tapping clip producing method for internal combustion engine, involves locating thin walled pipes zone, introducing additional thickness on zone, and making tapping by flow drill
WO2008056449A1 (en) * 2006-11-10 2008-05-15 Hino Motors, Ltd. Structure for joining members

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150093187A1 (en) * 2013-09-27 2015-04-02 KACO GmbH + Co., KG Method for producing a non-detachable connection between at least two workpieces, and connection produced according to this method
EP2905091A1 (en) * 2014-02-07 2015-08-12 Bollhoff Otalu S.A. Method for assembling an insert on a mounting
FR3017316A1 (en) * 2014-02-07 2015-08-14 Bollhoff Otalu Sa METHOD FOR ASSEMBLING AN INSERT ON A SUPPORT
WO2023075594A1 (en) * 2021-10-27 2023-05-04 Smartfloor B.V. Method for making at least one threaded bushing in a hollow profile, hollow profile and vehicle comprising such a hollow profile
NL2029525B1 (en) * 2021-10-27 2023-05-25 Smartfloor B V Method for making at least one threaded bushing in a hollow profile, hollow profile and vehicle comprising such a hollow profile

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