Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
  • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
  • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
  • H05B3/24—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor being self-supporting
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
  • F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
  • F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H3/00—Air heaters
  • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
  • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
  • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
  • F24H3/0411—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between for domestic or space-heating systems
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H9/00—Details
  • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
  • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
  • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
  • F24H9/1872—PTC
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
  • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
  • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
  • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient

Definitions

• the invention relates to an electrical heating module for air flow heating according to the preamble of the appended claim 1 as well as extruded, cast or Extrusionsproeuropae that can be used in such an electric heating module.
• a heating module of the present type comprises at least one planar PTC element with a first and a second contact surface, as well as an airflowable heat dissipation region in which thermally conductive fins are arranged which are in operative connection with the PTC element.
• the PTC element is arranged between a first part and a second part of a heat and current conducting core and has with its first contact surface on the first core part and with its second contact surface on the second core part.
• the PTC element thus gives off heat to the two core parts and can be electrically contacted simultaneously via the two core parts.
• the heat and current core also carries the fins which heat a stream of air passing through the heat delivery area.
• PTC elements are semiconductor resistors made of ceramic whose ohmic resistance is temperature-dependent.
• the resistance-temperature characteristic behaves non-linearly:
• the resistance of a PTC heating element initially decreases slightly with increasing component temperature, then rises very steeply at a characteristic temperature (reference temperature).
• the PTC heating element has a low resistance, so that correspondingly high currents can be passed through. If for a Good heat dissipation is provided by the surface of the PTC heating element, so a corresponding amount of electrical power is absorbed and released as heat.
• the PTC resistance increases rapidly, limiting the electrical power consumption to a very low level.
• the component temperature then approaches an upper limit, which depends on the heat absorption of the surroundings of the PTC heating element. Under normal environmental conditions, the component temperature of the PTC heating element can therefore not rise above a characteristic maximum temperature, even if the desired heat dissipation in the event of a fault is completely interrupted.
• EP 1 479 918 A1 discloses a complete fan module consisting of a radial fan integrated in a housing and a heating module intended for seat heating in a ventilated motor vehicle seat. Since a motor vehicle seat for safety reasons, even at failure of the fan on the surface of a maximum temperature that is tolerable for humans, must not exceed, heating modules with PTC heating elements are ideal, especially as they with the same security a much higher heating capacity than the mats conventionally used in seat heaters with electrical resistance wires whose power consumption must be very limited for safety reasons.
• the previously known electric heating modules with PTC elements are in the morning! consisting of several layers of surface next to each other, with its narrow side in the air flow PTC heating elements, which are electrically contacted at their flat tops and their lower sides with contact plates.
• the adjoining heat dissipation areas have meandering arranged metal fins, which are also with their narrow side in the air flow and thermally contact the contacting plates of the PTC Schueiemente at regular intervals for heat transfer on its broad side.
• heat-conducting adhesives or other bonding techniques can be used; However, it has become the most efficient solution to put the PTC heating elements and the heat-conducting fins in a module summarizing this frame and to provide within the frame at least one spring element, the alternately arranged heat dissipation areas with thermally conductive fins and the webs with the PTC Heaters pressed together.
• a circumferential seal is inserted between the two core parts, which surround the PTC element and seal between the two core sides.
• a frame member provides for the sealing of the gap between the two core parts in which the PTC element sits.
• a spring element is provided, as is the case in the other documents cited, which is pretensioned during assembly.
• the bias is maintained by means of a Garkiammer.
• spring clips are used, which exert a permanent bias on the two core parts with intermediate PTC element.
• the present invention seeks to improve the ease of installation of an electric heating module of the present type by constructive modifications.
• Such a fastening element may consist of a screw-nut combination; However, there are also all other types of attachment, such as a rivet connection, a connector with retaining rings or cotter pins, etc. in the context of the present invention can be used as a fastener. Naturally, a screw connection is particularly easy to assemble.5
• the fastening element In order to be able to compensate for possible thermal stresses and mechanical loads, it is preferable to provide the fastening element with a spring element which biases the first core part, the PTC element and the second core part elastically against each other.
• This spring element can be integrated into the fastening element or arranged as a spring washer, soft-elastic coating and the like somewhere between the components involved.
• the two Kerner5 and the PTC element are stable and permanently fixed to one another with a defined bias and with a correspondingly good heat dissipation from the PTC element into the core parts, so that this module can be mounted very easily.
• a housing into which the present electrical heating module is preferably installed together with a fan can be kept free from holding forces and counterforce resulting from spring elements which have been used in the prior art.
• the electrical heating module according to the invention can therefore be easily inserted into a housing or clicked over a snap connection Be what the installation of a heating module with housing and fan, as it is installed, for example, in vehicle seats for heating and ventilation of the same, again significantly simplifies.
• the fastening element is designed to be electrically conductive and serves as power supply to either the first or the second core part.
• it preferably sits in an electrically insulating sleeve, which extends at least over one of the two core parts and the PTC element away.
• the PTC element can then be electrically contacted from only one side.
• a first electrical lead is connected to the first core part, and a second electrical lead is connected to the fastening element, which is electrically insulated from the first core part.
• the electrical contacting is preferably further simplified in that the sleeve, which surrounds the fastening element in an electrically insulating manner, protrudes outside the bores of the core parts and of the PTC element into a disk, which is arranged between two electrical contact elements, in particular cable ring sleeves, and these are electrically connected to one another separates. A first of these two electrical contact elements then sits between the projecting disk and the first core part, so that in this way the first core part is contacted, while the second electrical contact element sits between the disk and the securing or cantilevered part of the fastening element.
• this projecting part may be a nut, a screw head, a rivet, a washer, a spacer, a split pin, or the like.
• the heat-conducting fins are no longer, as in the prior art, manufactured as bent and folded metal sheets, but made as an extruded profile, in particular of aluminum or aluminum alloys, which are intrinsically stable and particularly good heat conducting.
• an extruded profile which in particular consists of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, but may also consist of other thermally conductive materials, also a
• Cast profile for example, produced by die casting, injection molding or other casting method, and an extrusion profile can be used, for the latter in particular thermally conductive plastics can be used.
• a first extrusion, casting or extrusion profile sits on the first core part and a second profile on the second core part.
• Such an extruded, cast or extruded profile has several advantages: This includes the possibility of creating an optimum heat transfer between the core part and the heat dissipation area by circulating pressing with the respectively associated core part. Furthermore, it is possible and preferable to design the heat-conducting lamellae of the extruded profile in such a way that their cross section in the flow direction decreases with increasing distance from the core, which increases the efficiency of the heat conduction within the lamellae and the efficiency of heat dissipation from the lamellae to the air flow flowing through , The efficiency of the heat transfer from the lamellae to the air flow flowing through can advantageously also be increased by virtue of the fact that the heat-conducting lamellae have a substantially black surface. Insofar as the lamellae consist of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, this can expediently be carried out in the Eioxiertechnisch, so that the heat-conducting lamellae have a black anodized surface.
• the thermally conductive fins such that they form a stem from the core and this strain branches at least once into two or more branches as it is removed from the core.
• the heat dissipation region can be uniformly structured, create a particularly large surface of the heat-conducting lamellae, at which the heat transport into the air flow takes place, and achieve particularly low air flow losses. This increases the heat transfer, improves the response time and efficiency of the heating module and reduces airflow noise. Furthermore, smaller fans can be used for the same effect.
• the present invention thus enables an axle assembly of an electrical heating module with a sandwich-type construction with a central fastening element which simultaneously electrically contacts the PTC element.
• the heat dissipation region can here, as well as the PTC element and the core parts, seen in the flow direction, be circular, flattened or oval or polygonal, for example rectangular or trapezoidal.
• the present invention also includes extruded, cast or extruded profiles with heat-conducting lamellae, which are intended in particular for use in a heat-dissipating area of an electric heating module according to the invention, ie can be part of such an electric heating module in the context of the present invention; At the same time, however, the profiles according to the invention can also be used elsewhere.
• extruded, cast and extruded Profiles to understand profiles that have been produced in any casting process, in particular die casting and injection molding, or in an extrusion or extrusion process.
• Suitable materials for this are all castable and / or extrudable, heat-conducting materials in question, in particular aluminum and aluminum alloys, but also other metals such as copper and copper alloys, or else heat-conductive plastics and ceramic materials.
• the heat-conducting lamellae of the profile have a substantially black, in particular black anodized surface. This improves the heat transfer in the passing air stream.
• a first profile according to the invention comprises heat-conducting lamellae, of which at least one subset is in each case shaped in such a way that the lamellae form a stem which extends essentially radially outwards from the core, and this trunk becomes at least once in two or more as the distance from the core increases more branches branches.
• this trunk becomes at least once in two or more as the distance from the core increases more branches branches.
• the branch increases the heat transfer surface from the fins to the air flow, which significantly improves the heat transfer into the air flow.
• the branching and the penetration of the heat-dissipating area with heat-conducting lamellae or branches ensures a substantially laminar flow through the heat-dissipating area, which in turn is advantageous in terms of flow.
• a second extrusion, casting or extrusion profile according to the present invention has at least a subset of thermally conductive fins formed to form a stem extending substantially radially away from the core, to which a plurality of substantially is formed perpendicular to the main extension direction of the trunk from this forthcoming branches.
• These branches are preferably formed with increasing distance from the core increasingly icarder so that they penetrate the largest possible area of the heat dissipation area.
• a third profile according to the present invention has a heat spreader ring which is radiai spaced from and revolves around the core, and which is provided with heat conducting fins extending radially inwardly to the core.
• the heat distribution ring is also provided radially outwardly with heat-conducting fins.
• the heat distribution ring may be closed, but this is not always necessary.
• a particularly preferred variant of a profile according to the invention consists of at least two modules, which can be assembled, wherein a first module surrounds the core and is thermally conductively connected thereto, and a second module is attachable to the first module so that it surrounds and with this is thermally conductively connected.
• a third and fourth modules, etc. which can be applied radially outward to increase the heat dissipation area. This makes it possible to adapt the heat dissipation area to different fan diameters, which can be attached to the electric heating module and form with it a heating fan.
• extruded, cast or extrusion profiles according to the invention are preferably formed in a circular projection, but this need not be.
• profiles that are poiygonförmig in their projection for example rectangular, or oval or flattened. This is especially true for the inventive profile with heat distribution ring.
• the different variants of profiles described above can also be combined in the context of the present invention.
• An exemplary embodiment of an inventive electric heating module andsatisbeispieie for inventively designed profiles are described and explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
• Figure 1 is a schematic side sectional view through an inventively constructed electric Schumodui
• FIG 2 is a view like Figure 1, wherein the heating module is installed together with a fan in a housing;
• Figure 3 is a perspective view of the assembly of Figure 2;
• Figure 4 is a schematic plan view of a first embodiment
• Figure 5 is a schematic plan view of a second embodiment of a profile
• Figure 6 is a schematic plan view of a third embodiment
• Figure 7 is a schematic plan view of a fourth embodiment
• the electric heating module shown schematically in section in FIG. 1 has as its center a flat PTC element 1 which, surrounded by a sealing ring 2, sits between a first core part 3 and a second core part 4.
• the sealing ring 2 ensures that the PTC element 1 is protected from external influences protected from the outside.
• a second heat release block 6 sits on the second core part 4.
• the heat release blocks 5 and 6 cover a heat release region 7, which is traversed by air to be heated with an air stream 8.
• the flat PTC element 1 has on the upper side a first contact surface 9 and on its lower side a second contact surface 10, these two contact surfaces 9, 10 being used both for electrical contacting of the PTC element 1 and for heat dissipation.
• the first core part 3, the PTC element 1 and the second core part 4 are held together by a fastening element 1 1 biased against one another.
• this fastening element passes through the said three components 1, 3, 4, in the present embodiment by means of central bores; Accordingly, the PTC element 1 is present in the form of a perforated disk.
• the fastener 1 1 consists in the present embodiment of a cylinder screw 12 with a head 3 with square inner and a shank 14 which passes through the holes in the two Kernteiien 3, 4 and the PTC element 1.
• a hex nut 15 is screwed and secured by a toothed wheel 16.
• a spring washer 17 between the head 13 of the cylinder screw 12 and the second core part 4 ensures a permanent, defined biasing force, which is exerted by the fastening element 11 on the core parts 3, 4 and of these on the PTC Eiement 1.
• the fastener 1 1 not only for applying forces to said components and for fixing them together, but also for electrical contacting of the PTC element 1 is used, the shank 14 of the cylinder screw 12 is surrounded by an insulating sleeve 18, a electrical insulation between the fastener 1 1 and the first core part 3 and the PTC element 1 ensures.
• the fastening element 1 1 is electrically connected, on the one hand directly in the bore and in particular on the other indirectly via the spring ring 17th
• the Isolierhüise 18 protrudes laterally above the first core part 3 and forms a Lochidentei! 19. This creates an electrical insulation between the first core part 3 and the components electrically connected to the fastener 1, such as the hexagon nut 15 and the toothed disc 16. Between the perforated disc part 19 of the insulating sleeve 18 and the toothed disc 16 sits a first Jardinringinate 20, the can be contacted electrically via a first cable lug 21. A washer 22 between the toothed disc 16 and the first cable eyelet 20 ensures optimum pressure distribution and optimum electrical contact from the cable lug 21 via the first cable eyelet 20, the toothed disc 16, the hexagon nut 15, the cylinder screw 12, and the spring washer 17 in the second core part 4.
• a second Jardinringinate 23 is arranged with a second cable lug 24.
• This second cable eyelet 23 is electrically isolated by means of the insulating sleeve 18 against the fastening element 1 and at the same time is in electrical contact with the first core part 3, since it rests on this. Accordingly, the second core part 3 can be electrically contacted via the second cable lug 24.
• both cable lugs 21, 24 are arranged in the central region of the heating module and both are accessible from above, yet both contact surfaces 9, 10 of the horizontally inserted PTC element 1 can be supplied with electric current.
• This fastener 1 1 offers the advantage that a single, centrally arranged fastening element 1 1 ensures both a mechanical cohesion of the heating module and a very good heat dissipation from the PTC element 1 into the heat release blocks 5, 6 and moreover a robust and efficient ensures electrical contacting of the PTC element 1 at an easily accessible location of the heating module.
• This fastener 1 1 is also easy to install and set, so that the electric heating module is not only a whole lot easier to assemble, as in the prior art, but also has a high efficiency in its operation.
• FIG. 2 shows a typical installation situation of the present electric heating module in a vehicle seat in order to be able to ventilate and / or heat it. Due to the compact and stable design of the electric heating module, this can be easily clipped into a housing 25 by means of snapping detent elements 26, wherein a commercially available fan 27 can be placed in the housing 25 upstream of the heating module.
• the effective for the air flow 8 surface of the fan 27 corresponds substantially to the heat dissipation region 7 of the electric heating module, while the core 3, 4 of the heating module is covered in projection from the fan motor.
• the electrical connection for the heating module can be led out of the housing 25 together with the electrical connection of the fan motor.
• FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the electric heating module from FIG. 1, which is installed in a housing 25, but has not yet been combined with a fan.
• the first heat-emitting block 5 visible here consists of a multiplicity of substantially radially extending lamellae, which, viewed in the direction of flow, are formed towards the center of the module as wide "stems" and extend radially outward taper, but branch radially outward, to increase the number of fins swept by the airflow in the radially outer area of the heat release area.
• FIG. 3 illustrates the easy accessibility of the electrical connections for the PTC Eiement 1, the power supply via a two-core cable 28, the two wires are connected to the cable lugs 21, 24. The further power line within the heating module is described in more detail with reference to FIG.
• the design of the heat-emitting block 5 shown in FIG. 3 ensures uniform structuring of the heat-dissipating area 7 and offers a large surface area for exchanging heat with the air flow 8 and low airflow losses.
• the heat-dissipating blocks 5, 6 are in this case pressed circumferentially around the radii with the core parts 3, 4, resulting in an advantageously high thermal conductivity from the core parts 3, 4 into the heat-dissipating blocks 5, 6.
• FIG. 4 shows, in a schematic top view in the flow direction, a first exemplary embodiment of a profile according to the invention, in this case an extruded profile, this first exemplary embodiment already being used in the electric heating module illustrated in FIGS.
• the extruded profile consists of an internal heat distribution ring 30 contacting the core 3, 4 with PTC elements, from which a plurality of lamellae in the form of stems 31 extend radially outwards, which stems 31 extend approximately halfway along their extent each branch three branches 32.
• the blades are not exactly radially aligned. but take a curved course. Between the individual logs 31 of the blades, short intermediate blades 33 are arranged to utilize the spaces between the logs 31.
• the described parts of the dargesteiften extruded profile are naturally integrally formed integrally formed.
• FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a second variant of an extruded profile designed according to the invention, again a schematic top view in the direction of flow.
• This extruded profile in turn consists radially inwardly of a heat distribution ring 30, from which a plurality of lamellae extend radially away, each forming a stem 31.
• a plurality of branches 34 are arranged, which extend approximately perpendicular to the main extension direction of the stems 31 and thus penetrate the projection surface of the heat dissipation region 7 regularly.
• FIG. 6 shows a third variant of a profile according to the invention, again an extruded profile, again in a representation as in FIGS. 4 and 5.
• the variant shown here again has a heat distribution ring 30, but this is not disposed radially inward and for contacting the core part 3 4, but of the PTC element 1, but here the heat distribution ring is radially spaced from the core parts 3, 4 and provided with a plurality of inner fins 35 extending radially inward from the heat distribution ring 30 to the core parts 3, 4 or any other source of heat.
• the heat distribution ring 30 is also provided radially outwardly with outwardly extending outer fins 36, the number of which is about twice as large as the number of inner fins 35th
• FIG. 7 again in a schematic plan view in the flow direction, shows a variant of a design according to the invention
• Extruded profile which consists of two modules 37, 38.
• Each of these two modules 37, 38 has a radially distributed inside heat distribution ring 30 and a plurality of radially outwardly extending blades 35, 36th
• the peculiarity consists in the fact that the first module 37 serves for contacting core parts 3, 4 with a PTC element.
• the second module 38 can simply be placed on the first module 37 in order to enlarge the heat dissipation area 7 and thus adapt to a larger fan, for example.
• the heat transfer between the first module 37 and the second module 38 is ensured via the heat distribution ring 30 of the second module 38.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Resistance Heating (AREA)
• Direct Air Heating By Heater Or Combustion Gas (AREA)
• Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (2)

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ID=44316339

Family Applications (1)

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Citations (5)

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• 2011
  • 2011-04-30 DE DE202011100054U patent/DE202011100054U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2011-12-09 EP EP11192857.8A patent/EP2519076B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2011-12-09 ES ES11192857.8T patent/ES2495424T3/es active Active
  • 2011-12-09 PL PL11192857T patent/PL2519076T3/pl unknown
• 2012
  • 2012-04-30 WO PCT/EP2012/057924 patent/WO2012150219A2/de active Application Filing

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