WO2012144368A1 - 太陽電池モジュールおよび太陽光発電装置 - Google Patents
太陽電池モジュールおよび太陽光発電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012144368A1 WO2012144368A1 PCT/JP2012/059694 JP2012059694W WO2012144368A1 WO 2012144368 A1 WO2012144368 A1 WO 2012144368A1 JP 2012059694 W JP2012059694 W JP 2012059694W WO 2012144368 A1 WO2012144368 A1 WO 2012144368A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/055—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means where light is absorbed and re-emitted at a different wavelength by the optical element directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0003—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being doped with fluorescent agents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0016—Grooves, prisms, gratings, scattering particles or rough surfaces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar cell module and a solar power generation device.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-095977 filed in Japan on April 22, 2011, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Conventional solar power generation apparatuses generally have a form in which a plurality of solar battery panels are spread over the entire surface facing the sun.
- a solar power generation apparatus having a form in which a plurality of solar battery panels are spread on the roof of a building is known.
- a solar cell panel is made of an opaque semiconductor and cannot be stacked. Therefore, a large-area solar cell panel is required to secure the amount of power.
- the device there is a restriction that the device must be installed in a limited place such as a roof. As a result, there was a limit to the amount of power that can be obtained.
- the weight increases due to the protective glass and wiring attached to the solar cell panel, it can be installed only on the roof with high strength.
- This window surface solar cell power generation system includes an absorption-light-emitting plate and a solar cell in which phosphors are dispersed, and the window frame is formed by attaching the solar cell to a side surface perpendicular to the light-receiving surface of the absorption-light-emitting plate. It is configured.
- the internal phosphor is excited by sunlight incident on the light absorption-light emitting plate, and the solar cell is irradiated with radiation light from the phosphor to generate power.
- Patent Document 2 a solar cell provided with a condensing device for guiding incident sunlight to the solar cell has been proposed (see Patent Document 2 below).
- the solar cell concentrator described in Patent Document 2 has a planar incident surface, a scattering surface that faces the incident surface so as to be gradually separated from the incident surface, and scatters light incident from the incident surface; It has the condensing member which has.
- a solar cell is installed on the end face of the light collecting member.
- a rectangle that is a general planar shape of a window has a long side with respect to an area. Therefore, the number of reflections until the light incident on the window reaches the solar cell may increase. Therefore, a loss due to light absorption occurs at the time of reflection.
- the window is installed substantially perpendicular to the ground and does not move according to the direction of the sun. Therefore, this system cannot fully utilize the installation area with respect to the position of the sun even if the window has a large installation area. Also, the size of this system is limited by the size of the building and cannot be made larger than the size of the building.
- a solar cell module includes a light guide that propagates incident light, and a solar cell element that receives light propagating through the light guide.
- the light guide is made of a translucent substrate and has a curved surface at least partially.
- the light guide may be formed of a shell-like structure of the translucent base material having a hollow interior.
- the structure may be a hollow sphere.
- the solar cell element is disposed at a portion corresponding to a half of a circumference of a circle formed by intersecting a plane passing through the center of the sphere and the surface of the sphere. Also good.
- the structure may be a hollow ellipsoid.
- the light guide may be rotatable around an axis passing through the center of the ellipsoid, excluding the rotational symmetry axis of the ellipsoid.
- the inside of the light guide is a sealed space, and a gas inlet / outlet for injecting gas into the sealed space or discharging gas from the sealed space is provided in the light guide. It may be provided.
- a gas having a specific gravity smaller than that of air outside the light guide may be sealed in the sealed space.
- the light guide body may be formed of the structure of the light-transmitting base material having an opening having an open space inside.
- the structure may be a hemisphere.
- the solar cell element may be disposed on an end surface of the structure corresponding to an edge of the opening.
- the translucent base material constituting the light guide may have flexibility.
- the light guide includes a phosphor that is excited by the incident light to generate fluorescence, and the solar cell element is formed by the light incident on the light guide. You may receive the said fluorescence which generate
- the phosphors included in the light guide may have non-uniform density.
- the density of the phosphor in the first portion of the light guide is relatively large, and the second portion of the light guide located on the opposite side of the first portion.
- the light guide is provided with a concavo-convex portion having a reflection surface that reflects light incident from one surface of the light guide and changes a traveling direction of the light, After the solar cell element is incident on the light guide, the solar light element may receive the external light reflected by the reflecting surface and propagating through the light guide.
- the light guide may be provided with a reflecting portion that reflects light propagating through the light guide toward the solar cell element.
- the solar cell element may be embedded in the light guide.
- the solar cell element may be disposed on the surface of the light guide.
- a protective member may be provided outside the light guide so as to cover the light guide away from the light guide.
- a solar power generation device includes the above solar cell module.
- a solar power generation device may include a plurality of the solar cell modules, and the plurality of solar cell modules may be arranged in a planar shape.
- a method of installing a solar cell module includes a light guide that propagates incident light, and a solar cell element that receives light propagating inside the light guide,
- the light guide is made of a light-transmitting substrate and has a curved surface at least in part, and the light guide includes a phosphor that is excited by the incident light to generate fluorescence, and the solar cell.
- An element is a method of installing a solar cell module that receives the fluorescence generated inside the light guide by the incidence of the light and propagating through the light guide, the solar cell of the light guide.
- a solar cell module with high power generation efficiency with respect to the installation area. It is possible to provide a solar cell module with less fluctuation in the amount of power generated due to the movement of the sun.
- a solar cell module that is lightweight and easy to install can be provided.
- a low-cost solar cell module can be provided. It is possible to provide a solar power generation device including a solar cell module having such various advantages.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. 2. It is sectional drawing which shows the 1st modification of the solar cell module of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the 2nd modification of the solar cell module of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the 3rd modification of the solar cell module of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the solar cell module of 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 1 shows the usage condition of the solar cell module of 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the solar cell module of 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of a part of solar cell module of 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the 1st modification of the solar cell module of 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the solar cell module of a comparative example. It is a perspective view which shows the solar cell module of 7th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the solar cell module of 7th Embodiment of this invention. It is a one part enlarged view of FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the solar cell module of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the solar cell module.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. It should be noted that in all of the following drawings, in order to make each component easy to see, the scale of dimensions may be different depending on the component.
- the solar cell module 1 of the present embodiment includes a light guide 2 and a solar cell element 3 as shown in FIG.
- the light guide 2 is made of a translucent base material, and is composed of a shell-like sphere (structure) whose inside is a sealed space.
- the inside of the sphere is a sealed space.
- the space is not necessarily a sealed space.
- an organic material having high transparency such as an acrylic resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polystyrene resin, or a cycloolefin polymer resin can be used.
- the base material having translucency is not limited to these.
- the radius of the sphere is, for example, about 250 mm, and the thickness of the light guide 2 is, for example, about 1 mm.
- three axes that pass through the center of the sphere and are orthogonal to each other will be described below as an x-axis, a y-axis, and a z-axis.
- the light guide 2 contains a phosphor that emits fluorescence L1 when excited by external light L0 (sunlight).
- the light guide 2 functions to guide the fluorescent light L1 emitted from the fluorescent material to the solar cell element 3 using the incident external light L0 as excitation light.
- the solar cell element 3 functions to generate electric power by receiving the fluorescence L1 emitted from the phosphor by the incidence of the external light L0 and propagating through the light guide 2.
- the light guide 2 has a configuration in which a phosphor layer 4 containing a phosphor is sandwiched from both sides by the above-described translucent substrate 5, for example, an acrylic resin. Yes. That is, the light guide 2 has a three-layer structure of translucent substrate 5 / phosphor layer 4 / translucent substrate 5.
- a phosphor material and an acrylic resin are sequentially coated on the outer side with the solar cell element 3 fixed to the sphere.
- the phosphor layer 4 and the outer sphere may be formed.
- a surface facing the inner space of the light guide 2 is referred to as an “inner surface”, and a surface facing the outer space of the light guide 2 is referred to as an “outer surface”.
- the phosphor layer 4 includes, for example, a phosphor that absorbs visible light and infrared light and emits visible light and infrared light, or a phosphor that absorbs ultraviolet light and emits visible light.
- a phosphor that absorbs visible light and infrared light and emits visible light and infrared light or a phosphor that absorbs ultraviolet light and emits visible light.
- BASF Lumogen F Violet 570 (product name) is 0.02%
- BASF Lumogen F Yellow 083 product name
- BASF Lumogen F Orange 240 product name
- the solar cell element 3 corresponds to 1 ⁇ 2 of the circumference of a circle formed by intersecting the plane (xy plane) passing through the center O of the sphere constituting the light guide 2 and the surface of the sphere. Placed in the part. That is, the solar cell element 3 has a shape obtained by dividing an annular ring in half. As shown in FIG. 2, the solar cell element 3 is embedded in the light guide 2 on a plane (xy plane) passing through the center of the sphere. In the solar cell element 3, two surfaces 3a and 3b (the upper surface 3a and the lower surface 3b in FIG. 2) in contact with the light guide 2 are both light receiving surfaces.
- a solar cell element 3 in which two solar cell elements are bonded together with the surfaces opposite to the light-receiving surface back to back.
- this is one solar cell element.
- a known solar cell such as a silicon solar cell, a compound solar cell, or an organic solar cell can be used.
- a compound solar cell using a compound semiconductor is preferably used in the present embodiment because it can generate power with high efficiency.
- a compound solar cell a semiconductor substrate in which an InGaAs layer, a GaAs layer, and an InGaP layer are stacked is used.
- This compound solar cell has high power generation efficiency of, for example, 80% or more in the wavelength region of 400 nm to 1200 nm and 95% or more in the wavelength region of 500 nm to 950 nm. Therefore, by combining the above phosphor and the above compound solar cell, highly efficient power generation is possible in a wide wavelength region.
- the external light L0 (sunlight) is irradiated onto the light guide 2
- the external light L0 becomes excitation light and the phosphor in the phosphor layer 4 emits light.
- most of the emitted fluorescence L1 is guided in a state of being confined inside the light guide 2 while repeating total reflection between the inner surface 2a and the outer surface 2b of the light guide 2. . If the sphere of the light guide 2 has a certain radius of curvature, the light guide can be continued as long as there is no absorption loss.
- the emitted fluorescence L1 is guided in all directions, but is always guided along the circumference of a circle formed by the intersection of an arbitrary plane passing through the incident point of the external light L0 and the center of the sphere and the surface of the sphere. Shine. Therefore, if the solar cell element 3 is arranged in a portion corresponding to 1 ⁇ 2 of the circumference of a circle where the plane passing through the center of the sphere and the surface of the sphere intersect, as shown in FIG. Almost all of the fluorescence L1 emitted from the solar cell element 3 reliably reaches the solar cell element 3 through a path of one turn or less.
- the area of a circle which is a figure obtained by projecting the sphere from a given direction onto a plane perpendicular to the direction, corresponds to the light receiving area of the light guide 2.
- the light irradiated to this light receiving area can be collected on the solar cell element 3 having an area corresponding to the circumference ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ the thickness of the light guide 2. Since the figure having the shortest perimeter with respect to the area is a circle, the solar cell module 1 having the highest light collection efficiency can be realized in principle.
- the light receiving area of the light guide 2 is 250 ⁇ 250 ⁇ ⁇ (mm 2 ), and the area of the solar cell element 3 is 250 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1/2 ⁇ 1 (mm 2 ). Therefore, the ratio of the light receiving area of the light guide 2 to the area of the solar cell element 3 is 250. This value is a value that cannot be obtained with, for example, a rectangular light guide.
- the figure that projects the sphere on the plane is always a circle, and the area of the circle does not change. Therefore, in the case of the solar cell module 1 of the present embodiment including the spherical light guide 2, even if the position of the sun changes due to time fluctuations or seasonal fluctuations, the amount of power generation is not changed unless the intensity of sunlight itself changes greatly. Does not fluctuate significantly. Furthermore, the spherical light guide 2 can receive not only the light that directly reaches from the sun but also the light that is reflected and scattered by a cloud, the ground, a building, etc., and arrives from all directions. Also from that viewpoint, the solar cell module 1 of the present embodiment can obtain high power generation efficiency.
- the phosphor layer 4 When the phosphor layer 4 is used, if the phosphor layer 4 is exposed on the outer surface of the light guide 2, a part of the fluorescence L ⁇ b> 1 emitted from the phosphor layer 4 is emitted to the external space, and the light guide 2. The number of components that guide the light inside is reduced. On the other hand, in the case of the light guide body 2 of the present embodiment, since both sides of the phosphor layer 4 are sandwiched between the translucent base materials 5, almost all of the fluorescence L1 emitted from the phosphor layer 4 is obtained. Guides the inside of the light guide 2. As a result, the solar cell module 1 with high light collection efficiency can be realized.
- the solar cell module 1 can be reduced in weight because the inside of the light guide 2 is hollow. Moreover, the installation area of the solar cell module 1 may be small with respect to the volume of the light guide 2. Due to these effects, the solar cell module 1 of the present embodiment can be installed in a place where the strength of the foundation is not so high, or in a place where the area is limited, and the degree of freedom of the installation place is improved. Furthermore, the cost of the solar cell module 1 can be reduced.
- interposed the both sides of the fluorescent substance layer 4 with the translucent base material 5 was used.
- a light guide in which particulate phosphors 9 are dispersed inside a translucent substrate 8. 10 is used.
- the light guide 10 is manufactured, for example, an acrylic resin in which the phosphors 9 are dispersed in advance is prepared, and the acrylic resin is injection-molded to form a sphere to obtain the light guide 10. .
- the solar cell element 3 is embedded in the light guide 2.
- the solar cell module 12 of this modification the solar cell element 13 is attached to the outer surface 2b of the light guide 2 as shown in FIG.
- the light receiving surface 13 a of the solar cell element 13 is arranged facing the light guide 2.
- the fluorescence L ⁇ b> 1 emitted from the phosphor layer 4 is guided while repeating total reflection inside the light guide 2. Therefore, as long as the thickness of the light guide 2 is not extremely thick, even when the solar cell element 13 is disposed on the outer surface 2b of the light guide 2, the solar cell element 13 can sufficiently receive the fluorescence L1. .
- This solar cell module 12 has a simpler structure and is easier to manufacture than the solar cell element 13 embedded in the light guide 2.
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which the solar cell element 13 is affixed to the outer surface 2b of the light guide 2. However, the solar cell element 13 may be affixed to the inner surface 2a of the light guide 2. You may affix on both the outer surface 2b of the light body 2, and the inner surface 2a.
- the solar cell element 13 can sufficiently receive the fluorescence L1, but if the fluorescence L1 passes through the position where the solar cell element 13 is installed and guides the light guide 2 one more round, light loss occurs. This is wasteful. Therefore, in the solar cell module 15 of the present modified example, as shown in FIG. 6, the uneven portion 2 d is provided on the inner surface 2 a of the light guide 2 that is substantially opposite to the installation position of the solar cell element 13. A reflective layer 16 is provided on the surface 2d. The concavo-convex portion 2d is obtained by processing the inner surface of the light guide 2 with a concavo-convex shape.
- the reflective layer 16 is formed by forming a metal film or a dielectric multilayer film on the surface of the uneven portion 2d.
- the cross-sectional shape of the concavo-convex portion 2d is shown in a triangular shape, but the cross-sectional shape is not necessarily a triangular shape as long as it has an effect of scattering incident light.
- the uneven portion 2d is not provided on the inner surface 2a of the light guide 2
- the fluorescence L1 reflected by the inner surface 2a of the light guide 2 that is relatively close to the installation position of the solar cell element 13 is indicated by a broken arrow in FIG. As indicated by L2, it may pass through the position of the solar cell element 13.
- the uneven portion 2d and the reflective layer 16 are provided on the inner surface 2a of the light guide 2
- the fluorescence L1 incident on the uneven portion 2d and the reflective layer 16 is reflected and scattered, and the fluorescence L1 Part enters the solar cell element 13.
- the thickness of the light guide 2 at a location where the solar cell element 13 is installed or in the vicinity thereof may be partially reduced. In that case, the number of times the light is totally reflected is increased in the portion where the thickness of the light guide 2 is reduced compared to the other portions. As a result, the proportion of light incident on the solar cell element 13 increases, and the power generation efficiency can be increased.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the solar cell module of the present embodiment.
- the first embodiment a seamless configuration in which the entire light guide 2 is integrated is assumed.
- the solar cell module 18 of the present embodiment has a light guide 20 having a configuration in which two hemispheres 19 a and 19 b having hollow inside are bonded together. Compared to the case of molding a sphere, it is easier to form a smooth surface by molding a hemisphere. However, the joint surfaces of the two hemispheres 19a and 19b are liable to cause light loss during light guiding. From this viewpoint, it is desirable that the light path from the light emitting point to the solar cell element does not straddle the joint surfaces of the hemispheres 19a and 19b. Therefore, the solar cell element 21 may be disposed on the entire circumference of the end surface corresponding to the edge of one hemisphere 19a, and the other hemisphere 19b may be bonded so as to sandwich the solar cell element 21.
- the solar cell element 21 is arranged over the entire circumference of a circle formed by intersecting the plane passing through the center of the light guide 20 and the surface of the light guide 20. Therefore, the fluorescence emitted from the phosphor layer (not shown) reaches the solar cell element 21 through a path of 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the light guided in any direction.
- the solar cell element 21 since there is no hemispherical body 19a, 19b junction surface in the middle of the path where light reaches the solar cell element 21, light loss at the junction surface hardly occurs, and the light collection efficiency to the solar cell element 21 Can be secured.
- a solar cell module with high light collection efficiency can be realized, fluctuations in the amount of power generation can be suppressed, the solar cell module can be reduced in weight, cost can be reduced, the degree of freedom of installation location can be improved, etc.
- the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the solar cell element was arrange
- a solar cell element may be arranged on a part of the end surface of the hemispherical light guide.
- the solar cell element 24 is arranged in a portion corresponding to 1 ⁇ 2 of the end faces of the hemispheres 19 a and 19 b constituting the light guide 20, and the remaining 1 ⁇ 2 A reflective portion 25 is formed in the corresponding portion.
- the reflecting portion 25 is formed by forming a metal film or the like having high light reflectance on the end faces of the hemispheres 19a and 19b.
- the reflecting portion 25 may be formed by forming a metal film such as aluminum or silver on the end faces of the hemispheres 19a and 19b by vapor deposition or the like, or a dielectric multilayer film made of silicon oxide / titanium oxide or the like.
- a film formed of Further, the surface of the reflecting portion 25 may be a smooth surface or a surface with irregularities. However, when the reflecting portion 25 has irregularities, it is desirable that there are no irregularities extending along the direction parallel to the inner and outer surfaces of the light guide 20 so that light does not leak from the light guide 20.
- the fluorescence L1 propagated from the light emitting point T toward the solar cell element 24 is directly used as the solar cell element. 24 receives light.
- the fluorescence L3 propagated from the light emitting point T in the direction of the reflecting portion 25 is reflected by the reflecting portion 25, travels in the direction of the solar cell element 24, and is received by the solar cell element 24. In this way, the fluorescence L1 and L3 that have traveled in any direction from the light emitting point T are finally received by the solar cell element 24 in the end.
- the usage amount of the solar cell element 24 is small, and the cost can be reduced.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing the solar cell module of the present embodiment.
- the solar cell module 26 of the present embodiment includes a hemispherical light guide 27 having a hollow inside and a solar cell element 28.
- the light guide 27 is formed of a hemispherical translucent base material having an opening 27a on the xy plane side and an open space inside.
- the solar cell element 28 is installed over the entire circumference of the end surface of the hemispherical light guide 27. That is, the solar cell module 26 of the present embodiment includes the upper half of the light guide 19a and the solar cell among the two light guides 19a and 19b constituting the solar cell module 18 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. It can be said that it is composed of the element 21.
- the solar cell module 26 has a posture in which the end surface side (opening 27a side) of the light guide 27 on which the solar cell elements 28 are disposed is directed downward, for example, on a horizontal surface such as a rooftop of the building or the ground. Installed.
- the figure in which the light guide 27 is projected on the horizontal plane from above in the vertical direction is a circle, but the plane from any direction is flat.
- the figure projected above is not always a circle.
- the figure which projected the light guide 27 from diagonally upward becomes a shape where the circle was crushed. Therefore, in the light guide 27 of the present embodiment, the shape of the projected graphic changes depending on the viewing direction, and the area of the graphic changes accordingly. That is, the light receiving area of the light guide 27 of the present embodiment varies depending on the position of the sun.
- the amount of power generation varies depending on the position of the sun, as compared with the solar cell modules of the first and second embodiments provided with a spherical light guide.
- the solar cell module 26 of this embodiment is easy to manufacture.
- the solar cell module 26 of this embodiment is installed with the end face side (opening 27a side) of the light guide 27 facing downward, the solar cell module 26 is excellent in stability after installation.
- the shape of the light guide 27 does not necessarily have to be a complete hemisphere, and may be a shape obtained by dividing a sphere by an arbitrary plane.
- the solar cell elements 28 are arranged on the entire circumference of the end surface of the hemispherical light guide 27.
- a solar cell element may be arranged on a part of the end surface of the hemispherical light guide.
- the solar cell element 31 is disposed in a portion corresponding to 1 ⁇ 2 of the end surface of the hemispherical light guide 27, and the remaining portion corresponding to 1 ⁇ 2 A reflection part 32 is formed.
- the reflecting portion 32 is formed by forming a metal film or the like having a high light reflectance on the end face of the light guide 27.
- the reflecting portion 32 may be formed by depositing a metal film such as aluminum or silver on the end face of the light guide 27 by vapor deposition or the like, or a dielectric multilayer film made of silicon oxide / titanium oxide or the like. A film may be formed.
- the surface of the reflection part 32 may be a smooth surface or a surface with irregularities. However, when the reflecting portion 32 has irregularities, it is desirable that there are no irregularities extending along a direction parallel to the inner surface and the outer surface of the light guide 27 so that light does not leak from the light guide 27.
- the fluorescence L1 propagated from the light emitting point T toward the solar cell element 31 is directly used as the solar cell element 31. Is received.
- the fluorescence L3 propagated from the light emitting point T toward the reflecting portion 32 is reflected by the reflecting portion 32, proceeds toward the solar cell element 31, and is received by the solar cell element 31. In this way, almost all of the fluorescence that has traveled in any direction from the light emitting point T is finally received by the solar cell element 31.
- the usage amount of the solar cell element 31 is small, and the cost can be reduced.
- the solar cell element 31 is arranged in a portion corresponding to 1 ⁇ 2 of the end surface of the hemispherical light guide 27, and the remaining 1 ⁇ 2
- the reflection part 32 was formed in the corresponding part.
- the reflecting portion 40 is formed over the entire circumference of the end surface of the hemispherical light guide 27.
- the reflective part 40 can use a metal film or a dielectric multilayer film as in the first modification.
- the reflection part 40 is located on xy plane of FIG.
- the solar cell element 44 is arrange
- the solar cell element 44 may be embedded in the light guide 27 or may be installed on the outer surface or the inner surface of the light guide 27.
- the fluorescence L1 propagated from the light emitting point T toward the solar cell element 44 is directly received by the solar cell element 44.
- the fluorescence L3 propagated from the light emitting point T toward the reflection unit 40 is reflected by the reflection unit 40 and then received by the solar cell element 44.
- the size of the solar cell element 44 is approximately 1 ⁇ 2 compared to the solar cell module 30 of the first modified example, so that the light collection efficiency is further increased, and further Cost can be reduced.
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing the solar cell module of the present embodiment.
- the solar cell module array 34 of the present embodiment has a plurality of solar cell modules 26 provided with solar cell elements 28 on the end face of a hemispherical light guide 27 arranged in an array. It is.
- the arrangement of the plurality of solar cell modules 26 may be arranged on a lattice, or may be arranged with a half pitch shift for each row.
- each solar cell module 26 for each solar cell module 26, a solar cell module with high condensing efficiency can be realized, fluctuations in the amount of power generation can be suppressed, the solar cell module can be reduced in weight, and cost can be reduced.
- the same effects as those of the first to third embodiments, such as improving the degree of freedom, can be obtained.
- the total power generation amount can be increased by integrating a plurality of solar cell modules 26.
- FIGS. 13, 14A and 14B The basic configuration of the solar cell module of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and only the shape of the light guide is different from that of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing the solar cell module of the present embodiment.
- 14A and 14B are diagrams showing a usage pattern of the solar cell module of the present embodiment.
- the solar cell module 36 of the present embodiment includes a light guide 37 and a solar cell element 38.
- the light guide 37 is made of a translucent base material, and is composed of a shell-like ellipsoid (structure) whose inside is a sealed space.
- the ellipsoid constituting the light guide 37 is a spheroid obtained when an ellipse having the major axis of the x-axis is rotated around the x-axis. Therefore, in FIG. 13, the cross-sectional shape when the light guide 37 is cut along the xy plane or the xz plane is an ellipse, and the cross-sectional shape when the light guide 37 is cut along the yz plane is a circle.
- the ellipsoid is not necessarily a spheroid, and all cross-sectional shapes when the light guide 37 is cut along the three planes may be ellipses.
- the solar cell element 38 passes through the center O of the ellipsoid constituting the light guide 37 and is 1 / of the circumference of a circle formed by intersecting the plane (yz plane) perpendicular to the rotational symmetry axis and the surface of the ellipsoid. It is arranged at a portion corresponding to 2. That is, the solar cell element 38 has a shape obtained by dividing an annular ring in half. In other words, the solar cell element 38 is arranged along a plane in which the cross-sectional area of the light guide 37 is the smallest among the cross sections obtained by cutting the light guide 37 along various planes passing through the center O of the ellipsoid. .
- the solar cell element 38 is embedded in the light guide 37 on a plane (yz plane) passing through the center of the ellipsoid. About another structure, it is the same as that of 1st Embodiment.
- the light guide 37 is an ellipsoid, even if the area of the solar cell element 38 is the same, the light receiving area is further increased as compared with the case where the light guide is a sphere. Therefore, it is possible to realize a solar cell module 36 that is low in cost and has a large amount of power generation.
- the shape of the figure projected on the light guide 2 is always a circle regardless of the direction, and the area of the circle did not change.
- the shape of the graphic projected on the light guide 37 changes depending on the direction between an ellipse and a circle, and the area of the graphic changes accordingly. Therefore, in the solar cell module 36 of the present embodiment, the amount of power generation varies depending on the position of the sun as compared to the solar cell modules of the first and second embodiments including the spherical light guide 2.
- the amount of power generation can be changed in the morning and evening of the day depending on how the solar cell module 36 is installed with respect to the position of the sun.
- the long axis of the light guide 37 is oriented in a generally east-west direction (each end of the long axis of the light guide 37 is substantially aligned with the east-west direction). It is assumed that the solar cell module is installed in a posture in which the long axis of the light guide 37 is horizontal.
- the maximum power generation amount can be obtained in the daytime.
- the long axis of the light guide 37 is oriented in a generally south direction (each end of the long axis of the light guide 37 is substantially aligned with the north and south directions), and from the horizontal direction.
- the solar cell module 36 is installed with a posture that is set at a predetermined angle (for example, 30 to 80 degrees).
- a predetermined angle for example, 30 to 80 degrees.
- the power generation amount can be increased in the morning and evening. In this manner, the amount of power generated by the solar cell module 36 can be optimized according to the daily power usage situation and the like.
- the light guide 37 is centered on an axis passing through the center of the ellipsoid (for example, the y axis or the z axis in FIG. 13) excluding the rotational symmetry axis (x axis in FIG. 13) of the ellipsoid constituting the light guide 37.
- the rotation axis of the light guide 37 is oriented in the north-south direction so that the long axis (x-axis in FIG. 13) of the light guide 37 can rotate in the east-west direction. To do.
- the light guide 37 is made to be the solar light so that the ellipse having the largest area among the ellipses that are the projected shape of the light guide 37 always faces the sun.
- the movement can be tracked. According to this configuration, since the light receiving area of the light guide 37 is always maximized, the total amount of power generated throughout the day can be maximized. Further, it is only necessary to rotate the light guide 37 with only one rotation axis, and since the light guide 37 is lightweight, a low-cost tracking device can be used.
- FIGS. 15 and 16 The basic configuration of the solar cell module of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the shape of the light guide is different from that of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing the solar cell module of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is an enlarged view of a part of the solar cell module shown in FIG.
- the solar cell module 41 of the present embodiment includes a light guide 42 and a solar cell element 43.
- a light guide 42 of the present embodiment is configured by a cube (structure) whose inside is a sealed space.
- three sides of the cube that are orthogonal to each other are drawn so as to coincide with the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis, respectively.
- the shape of the light guide 42 is not limited to a hollow cube, and may be a rectangular parallelepiped with a hollow interior.
- the solar cell element 43 is disposed along the diagonal lines of the two faces facing each other among the six faces of the cube constituting the light guide 42 and the sides connecting the end portions of the diagonal lines. Therefore, the solar cell element 43 has a rectangular annular shape. Further, the solar cell element 43 is embedded in the light guide 42 in a plane including the two diagonal lines. About another structure, it is the same as that of 1st Embodiment.
- the fluorescence L1 emitted from the phosphor layer 4 is reflected on the inner surface of the light guide 42 as shown in FIG.
- the inside of the light guide 42 is guided while repeating total reflection between 42a and the outer surface 42b.
- the light guide 42 is a solid body having a corner such as a cube or a rectangular parallelepiped, if the corner is sharp, the light incident on the corner does not satisfy the total reflection condition, and the light guide 42 is exposed to the outside of the light guide 42. There is a risk of leakage. Therefore, it is necessary that the corners of the light guide body 42 have such a curvature that the light guide by the total reflection is maintained.
- a solar cell module with high light collection efficiency can be realized, fluctuations in the amount of power generation can be suppressed, the solar cell module can be reduced in weight, cost can be reduced, the degree of freedom of installation location can be improved, etc.
- the same effects as those of the first to fifth embodiments can be obtained.
- the shape of the light guide 42 is not limited to a hollow cube or a rectangular parallelepiped, and as described above, as long as the corner portion has a certain degree of curvature, the interior of the light guide 42 is another hollow three-dimensional shape. It may be.
- the light guide may have a design with an advertising effect.
- a plurality of solar cell modules of this type may be arranged in an array.
- the solar cell element 43 does not necessarily need to be arrange
- FIG. Various forms can be considered for the arrangement of the solar cell elements.
- the solar cell module 46 shown in FIG. 18 for example, when the solar cell element 45 is arranged in parallel to one side of the cube constituting the light guide 42, one side of the cube from the light emitting point T of the phosphor layer. Fluorescent light L1 guided in parallel with respect to the solar cell element 45 cannot be reached. Therefore, the light collection efficiency is reduced.
- the reflecting portion 48 intersects with the solar cell element 45. As such, it may be arranged on the diagonal of one surface.
- the reflection part 48 is comprised from a metal film and a dielectric multilayer film similarly to the reflection part 25 shown in the 1st modification (refer FIG. 8) of 2nd Embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing the solar cell module of the present embodiment.
- 20 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ of FIG.
- FIG. 21 is an enlarged view of a part of the solar cell module shown in FIG.
- the solar cell module 50 of this embodiment includes a light guide 51 and a solar cell element 52 as shown in FIG.
- the light guide 51 is constituted by a shell-like sphere (structure) whose inside is a sealed space.
- three axes that pass through the center O of the sphere and are orthogonal to each other will be described below as an x-axis, a y-axis, and a z-axis.
- a circle C formed by the intersection of the xy plane including the center O of the sphere and the surface of the sphere is referred to as a “maximum circle”.
- the upper (+ z side) point Z1 is referred to as the “uppermost point” and the lower ( ⁇ z side) point Z2 is referred to as the “lowermost point”. ".
- a portion above the xy plane is referred to as an “upper hemisphere”, and a portion below the xy plane is referred to as a “lower hemisphere”.
- the upper hemisphere is provided with a concavo-convex portion 53 having a reflection surface that reflects the external light L 0 incident from the outer surface of the light guide 51 and changes the light traveling direction.
- the concavo-convex portion 53 includes a plurality of ridges 54 having a triangular cross section formed on the outer surface 51 b of the light guide 51 and a cross section formed on the inner surface 51 a of the light guide 51. And a plurality of grooves 55 having a triangular shape.
- the ridge 54 and the groove 55 are provided in parallel to the xy plane. All the ridges 54 and the grooves 55 are provided concentrically around the z axis.
- the uneven portion 53 can be formed by cutting the inner surface 51a and the outer surface 51b of the light guide 51, for example.
- the concavo-convex portion 53 is also formed by a method such as resin injection molding using a mold having a concave shape obtained by inverting the shape of the ridge 54 and a convex shape obtained by inverting the shape of the groove 55. be able to.
- the above-described uneven portion 53 is not formed in the lower hemisphere, and is a smooth curved surface.
- a cylindrical solar cell element 52 is provided at the lowest point Z2 of the sphere. As shown in FIG. 20, the solar cell element 52 is embedded in the light guide 51 on the z axis passing through the center O of the sphere. In the solar cell element 52, a side surface 52a in contact with the light guide 51 is a light receiving surface.
- the cross-sectional shapes of the ridges 54 and the grooves 55 constituting the concavo-convex portion 53 are triangular, the angles of the respective surfaces constituting the ridges 54 and the grooves 55 are as shown in FIG. It depends on the position above. Assume that the sun is positioned on the upper hemisphere side of the light guide 51. In this case, the external light L0 is incident from the incident point S on the outer surface 51b of the upper hemisphere of the light guide 51, and then totally reflected by one surface of the groove 55 provided on the inner surface 51a of the light guide 51, and the traveling direction thereof.
- the light is guided from the upper hemisphere to the lower hemisphere while repeating total reflection between the outer surface 51b of the light guide 51 or one surface of the ridge 54 and the inner surface 51a. Thereafter, the external light L0 reaches the solar cell element 52 at the lowest point Z2 and is received from the light receiving surface 52a. That is, the external light L0 guides a path substantially along the circumference of a circle formed by intersecting the plane passing through the incident point S and the lowest point Z2 on the light guide 51 and the surface of the light guide 51. The solar cell element 52 receives the light.
- the solar cell element receives fluorescence emitted from the phosphor using sunlight incident on the light guide as excitation light, and converts the fluorescence into electric energy. It was.
- the solar cell element 52 receives the external light L0 (sunlight) incident on the light guide 51 and guided through the light guide 51, This external light is converted into electrical energy.
- the solar cell module with high condensing efficiency can be realized, the solar cell module can be reduced in weight and cost, the degree of freedom in installation location is improved, and the like. Similar effects can be obtained.
- the solar cell elements 52 need only be arranged in the form of dots at the lowest point Z2, and it is not necessary to arrange the solar cells 52 long in a linear manner unlike the first to fifth embodiments. Therefore, the light collection rate per unit area of the solar cell element 52 can be increased.
- the solar cell element 52 is provided at the lowest point of the sphere constituting the light guide 51. In this case, if the position of the sun with respect to the light guide 51 changes, the light collection position after the sunlight enters the light guide 51 changes, so the light collection efficiency of the solar cell element 52 decreases.
- the solar cell module 57 of this modification the solar cell element 58 is arranged over the entire circumference of the maximum circle C of the light guide 51 as shown in FIG.
- the solar cell element 58 is arranged along the maximum circle C of the light guide body 51, it is possible to suppress the fluctuation of the light collection efficiency according to the fluctuation of the solar position to some extent.
- the solar cell module 57 of this modification since the light incident on the upper hemisphere is received by the solar cell element 58 along the maximum circle C of the light guide 51, the light guide on the lower hemisphere side is It is not necessary.
- the solar cell element 61 is a plane parallel to the xy plane, and has a maximum circle C of the light guide 51 and a lowest point Z2. It arrange
- the solar cell module 63 of the present modification has a lower part of the circumference of a circle formed by the xz plane passing through the center O of the sphere constituting the light guide 51 and the surface of the sphere intersecting each other.
- a solar cell element 64 is disposed in a portion corresponding to the hemisphere side. Also in the solar cell module 63 of this modification, the same effect as that of the seventh embodiment can be obtained.
- FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view showing the solar cell module of the present embodiment.
- the same components as those in FIG. 2 of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the solar cell module 66 of this embodiment includes a solar cell module main body 67 and a protection member 68 as shown in FIG.
- the solar cell module main body 67 is the same as the solar cell module 1 of the first embodiment.
- the protection member 68 is made of a light-transmitting base material, has a diameter larger than that of the solar cell module main body 67, and is formed of a hollow sphere (structure) inside.
- the protection member 68 is disposed outside the light guide 2 of the solar cell module main body 67 so as to cover the light guide 2 with a space from the light guide 2.
- the space between the light guide 2 and the protective member 68 needs to be filled with a material having a refractive index lower than that of the light guide 2. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the space between the light guide 2 and the protection member 68 is filled with air 69. Alternatively, the space between the light guide 2 and the protective member 68 may be in a vacuum state.
- the solar cell module with high condensing efficiency can be realized, the solar cell module can be reduced in weight, the cost can be reduced, and the degree of freedom in installation location can be improved. Similar effects can be obtained.
- the solar cell module body 67 is covered with the protective member 68 to protect the light guide 2 from contamination such as rain and dust. be able to.
- the contaminated portion hinders total reflection of light, so that the power generation amount is reduced.
- FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view showing the solar cell module of the present embodiment.
- the same components as those in FIG. 2 of the first embodiment and FIG. 20 of the seventh embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the solar cell module 71 of the present embodiment includes a first solar cell module 72 and a second solar cell module 73 as shown in FIG.
- the first solar cell module 72 is the same as the solar cell module 1 of the first embodiment.
- the second solar cell module 73 is the same as the solar cell module 50 of the seventh embodiment.
- the second solar cell module 73 has a diameter larger than that of the first solar cell module 72, and is disposed outside the light guide 2 of the first solar cell module 72 with a certain distance from the light guide 2. ing.
- the first solar cell module 72 and the second solar cell module 73 have the same spherical center.
- air 69 is filled between the first solar cell module 72 and the second solar cell module 73.
- the external light L0 first enters the second solar cell module 73 disposed on the outside and is received by the solar cell element 52 through the light guide 51.
- the external light L4 transmitted through the light guide 51 is also included.
- the first solar cell module 72 since the first solar cell module 72 is provided inside the second solar cell module 73, the light transmitted through the second solar cell module 73 is the first sun.
- the light enters the battery module 72 and is received by the solar cell element 3 through the light guide 2. Since the phosphor layer 4 is provided over the entire surface of the light guide 2 in the first solar cell module 72, the light that cannot be captured by the second solar cell module 73 can be efficiently used as excitation light. .
- the light that could not be captured by the second solar cell module 73 can be used.
- the light collection efficiency can be increased and the power generation amount can be increased.
- FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view showing the solar cell module of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating an example of a usage pattern of the solar cell module of the present embodiment.
- the solar cell module 75 of this embodiment includes a light guide 76, a solar cell element 77, and a gas inlet / outlet 78, as shown in FIG.
- the light guide 76 is formed of a translucent base material and is a hollow sphere inside. While the light guides of the first to ninth embodiments have rigidity, the light guide 76 of the present embodiment has flexibility. Therefore, the light guide 76 of the present embodiment can be modified. Examples of the constituent material of the light guide 76 include polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl chloride. A particulate phosphor 79 is dispersed inside the light guide 76.
- the light guide 76 is provided with a solar cell element 77 having a shape obtained by dividing an annular ring in half.
- the light guide 76 is provided with a gas inlet / outlet 78 for injecting gas into the inner space or discharging gas from the inner space.
- the gas inlet / outlet 78 is provided with a valve 80 for opening and closing the gas inlet / outlet 78.
- the valve 80 of the gas inlet / outlet 78 is opened, and a gas having a specific gravity lower than that of the air outside the light guide 76 such as hydrogen or helium is injected into the internal space. Thereafter, the valve 80 is closed.
- a gas having a specific gravity lower than that of the air outside the light guide 76 such as hydrogen or helium
- the valve 80 is closed.
- this kind of gas is enclosed in the internal space of the light guide 76, buoyancy is generated in the solar cell module 75, and the solar cell module 75 is lifted in the air. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 28, if the solar cell module 75 is moored on the roof of the building K using a string 81 or the like, the solar cell module 75 can be floated above the building K.
- the light guide 76 can be folded by opening the valve 80 of the gas inlet / outlet 78 and discharging the gas inside the light guide 76.
- the gas having a low specific gravity can be enclosed in the internal space of the light guide 76, the overall weight of the solar cell module 75 can be reduced.
- the strength of the location used as a base when installing the solar cell module 75 may not be so high, and the burden at the time of strength design can be reduced.
- the solar cell module 75 can be installed on the roof of a building or the like, which is insufficient in strength with the conventional solar cell module, and the choice of installation location is expanded.
- the gas can be taken in and out of the light guide 76, the light guide 76 can be folded when it is raining or cloudy or when it is unnecessary, and the light guide 76 can be widened when it is fine or necessary.
- the solar cell module 75 which has the portability and accommodation which are not in the past can be realized.
- gas leaks from the internal space of the light guide 76 it is sufficient to replenish the gas from the gas inlet / outlet 78, so that it can withstand long-term use.
- the solar cell module 75 can be floated above the building K, even if there are tall buildings in the surroundings, the surrounding buildings do not block sunlight. Therefore, the power generation amount in the morning and evening when the sun is particularly low can be increased, and a stable power generation amount can be obtained throughout the day.
- the shape of the light guide 76 is not limited to a spherical shape, and various shapes can be adopted. Alternatively, air may be enclosed in the inner space of the light guide 76, a balloon in which helium or the like is further sealed is connected to the light guide 76, and the light guide 76 may be floated using the buoyancy of the balloon. At this time, for example, an advertising effect can be given to the solar cell module 75 like an ad balloon.
- FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view showing the solar cell module of the present embodiment.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same components as those in FIG. 2 of the first embodiment, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the phosphor is contained in the entire interior of the light guide.
- the phosphor layer 4 is provided only in the upper hemisphere among the spheres constituting the light guide 2 as shown in FIG.
- the lower hemisphere is composed of only a translucent substrate 5 that does not include the phosphor layer 4.
- the part of the sphere that is provided with the phosphor layer 4 and the part that is not provided with the phosphor layer 4 are divided into halves. There is no need to divide, and it may be an appropriate ratio depending on the case.
- a part of the light guide is also used in the configuration in which the particulate phosphor is dispersed in the translucent substrate. A portion not including a phosphor may be provided.
- the phosphor has a self-absorbing property, and the presence of the phosphor is an obstacle to light guide.
- sunlight is irradiated from above the light guide. From this point of view, it is advantageous not to contain a phosphor on the lower hemisphere side of the sphere.
- the present embodiment is based on such a concept.
- the upper hemisphere is responsible for fluorescence emission and light guide, and the lower hemisphere is exclusively responsible for light guide.
- a solar cell module with high light collection efficiency can be realized, fluctuations in the amount of power generation can be suppressed, the solar cell module can be reduced in weight, cost can be reduced, the degree of freedom of installation location can be improved, etc.
- the same effects as those of the first to fifth embodiments can be obtained.
- the solar cell module 83 of the present embodiment is different from the solar cell module (FIG. 9) of the third embodiment that uses a hemispherical light guide, because the inside of the light guide 2 can be a sealed space.
- the application such as floating the solar cell module in the air is advantageous.
- the light guide is not divided into a portion including a phosphor and a portion not including a phosphor, and the density of the phosphor included in the light guide may be distributed. That is, the density of the phosphor included in the light guide may be non-uniform. In that case, the density of the phosphor in the first part of the light guide is relatively large, and the density of the phosphor in the second part of the light guide located on the opposite side of the first part is relatively small. Also good. For example, when a solar cell module is installed, the density of the phosphor in the portion near the sun in the light guide is relatively increased, and the phosphor in the portion far from the sun (for example, the portion near the ground) It is desirable to make the density relatively small.
- FIG. 30 is a block diagram showing the solar power generation device of the present embodiment.
- the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 100 of the present embodiment includes a solar cell module 103 composed of the light guide body 101 and the solar cell element 102 of the first to eleventh embodiments, an inverter 104, and a storage battery. 105.
- the electric power obtained by the solar cell module 103 is DC-AC converted by the inverter 104 and output to the external load 106. Further, another power source 107 is connected to the external load 106.
- the electric power obtained by the solar cell module 103 is charged in the storage battery 105 and discharged from the storage battery 105 as necessary.
- the solar cell module 103 of the first to eleventh embodiments since the solar cell module 103 of the first to eleventh embodiments is provided, a high power generation efficiency can be obtained, and the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 100 that is lightweight, easy to install, and inexpensive can be realized. can do.
- the technical scope in the aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the aspect of the present invention.
- an example of a regular solid such as a sphere, a hemisphere, an ellipsoid, or a cube is shown as the shape of the light guide, but a solid having an irregular shape may be used.
- the entire light guide is not necessarily solid, and for example, a part of a plane may be three-dimensionally raised. However, even in that case, the boundary between the planar portion and the three-dimensional portion needs to have a curvature enough to maintain the light guide by total reflection.
- the shape, size, number, arrangement, constituent material, manufacturing method, and the like of various components in the solar cell module of the above embodiment are not limited to those illustrated in the above embodiment, and can be changed as appropriate.
- the aspect of the present invention can be used for a solar cell module or a solar power generation device.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2011年4月22日に、日本に出願された特願2011-095977号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
以下、本発明の第1の実施形態について、図1~図3を用いて説明する。
本実施形態では、内部が中空の球状の導光体を備えた太陽電池モジュールの例を挙げる。
図1は、本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールの構成を示す斜視図である。図2は、太陽電池モジュールの断面図である。図3は、図2の一部の拡大図である。
なお、以下の全ての図面においては各構成要素を見やすくするため、構成要素によって寸法の縮尺を異ならせて示すことがある。
そのため、上記の蛍光体と上記の化合物系太陽電池とを組み合わせることにより、幅広い波長領域で効率の高い発電が可能となる。
第1実施形態では、蛍光体層4の両側を透光性基材5で挟んだ構成の導光体2を用いた。この導光体2に代えて、本変形例の太陽電池モジュール7では、図4に示すように、透光性を有する基材8の内部に粒子状の蛍光体9を分散させた導光体10を用いている。この導光体10を作製する際には、例えば予め蛍光体9を分散させたアクリル樹脂を準備しておき、このアクリル樹脂を射出成型して球体を形成し、導光体10とすれば良い。
第1実施形態では、太陽電池素子3は導光体2の内部に埋め込まれていた。この構成に代えて、本変形例の太陽電池モジュール12では、図5に示すように、太陽電池素子13が導光体2の外面2bに貼り付けられている。この構成においては、太陽電池素子13の受光面13aを導光体2に向けて配置する。上述したように、蛍光体層4から発せられた蛍光L1は、導光体2の内部で全反射を繰り返しながら導光する。したがって、導光体2の厚さが極端に厚くない限り、太陽電池素子13が導光体2の外面2bに配置されていても、太陽電池素子13は蛍光L1を十分に受光することができる。この太陽電池モジュール12は、太陽電池素子13を導光体2の内部に埋め込むよりも構造が簡単であり、製造も容易である。図5では、太陽電池素子13を導光体2の外面2bに貼り付けた例を示したが、この他、太陽電池素子13を導光体2の内面2aに貼り付けても良いし、導光体2の外面2bと内面2aの両方に貼り付けても良い。
第2変形例においても、太陽電池素子13は蛍光L1を十分に受光できるが、蛍光L1が太陽電池素子13の設置された位置を通り抜け、導光体2をさらに1周導光すると、光損失が生じる虞があり、無駄である。そこで、本変形例の太陽電池モジュール15では、図6に示すように、太陽電池素子13の設置位置に略対向する位置にあたる導光体2の内面2aに、凹凸部2dが設けられ、凹凸部2dの表面に反射層16が設けられている。凹凸部2dは、導光体2の内面が凹凸加工されたものである。反射層16は、凹凸部2dの表面に金属膜や誘電体多層膜が形成されたものである。図6では凹凸部2dの断面形状を三角形状に示したが、入射した光を散乱させる作用を持つものであれば、必ずしも断面形状が三角形状である必要はない。
以下、本発明の第2実施形態について、図7を用いて説明する。
本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールの基本構成は第1実施形態と同様であり、導光体の構成が第1実施形態と異なる。
図7は、本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールを示す斜視図である。
第2実施形態では、半球状の導光体の端面の全周に太陽電池素子を配置した。この構成に代えて、半球状の導光体の端面の一部に太陽電池素子を配置しても良い。例えば図8に示す太陽電池モジュール23では、導光体20を構成する半球体19a,19bの端面のうち、1/2に相当する部分に太陽電池素子24が配置され、残りの1/2に相当する部分には反射部25が形成されている。反射部25は、半球体19a,19bの端面に光反射率の高い金属膜等が形成されたものである。具体的には、反射部25は、半球体19a,19bの端面に蒸着法等によりアルミニウム、銀等の金属膜を成膜したものでも良いし、酸化シリコン/酸化チタン等からなる誘電体多層膜を成膜したものでも良い。また、反射部25の表面は滑らかな面であっても良いし、凹凸がある面であっても良い。ただし、反射部25に凹凸がある場合、導光体20から光が漏れ出さないように、導光体20の内面および外面と平行な方向に沿って延在する凹凸はない方が望ましい。
以下、本発明の第3実施形態について、図9を用いて説明する。
本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールの基本構成は第1実施形態と同様であり、導光体の形状が第1実施形態と異なるのみである。
図9は、本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールを示す斜視図である。
例えば朝や夕方など、太陽の傾きが大きいときに導光体27の受光面積が減り、発電量が低下する傾向にある。しかしながら、平面状の導光体を備えた従来の太陽電池モジュールに比べれば、発電量の変動を抑えることができる。また、本実施形態の太陽電池モジュール26は、第2実施形態の太陽電池モジュール18のように2つの導光体を接合する工程が不要であるため、製造が容易である。また、本実施形態の太陽電池モジュール26は、導光体27の端面側(開口部27a側)を下方に向けた姿勢で設置されるため、設置後の安定性に優れたものとなる。
第3実施形態では、半球状の導光体27の端面の全周に太陽電池素子28を配置した。
この構成に代えて、半球状の導光体の端面の一部に太陽電池素子を配置しても良い。例えば図10に示す太陽電池モジュール30では、半球状の導光体27の端面のうち、1/2に相当する部分に太陽電池素子31が配置され、残りの1/2に相当する部分には反射部32が形成されている。反射部32は、導光体27の端面に光反射率の高い金属膜等が形成されたものである。具体的には、反射部32は、導光体27の端面に蒸着法等によりアルミニウム、銀等の金属膜を成膜したものでも良いし、酸化シリコン/酸化チタン等からなる誘電体多層膜を成膜したものでも良い。また、反射部32の表面は滑らかな面であっても良いし、凹凸がある面であっても良い。ただし、反射部32に凹凸がある場合、導光体27から光が漏れ出さないように、導光体27の内面および外面と平行な方向に沿って延在する凹凸はない方が望ましい。
先の第1変形例では、図10に示したように、半球状の導光体27の端面のうち、1/2に相当する部分に太陽電池素子31が配置され、残りの1/2に相当する部分には反射部32が形成されていた。この構成に代えて、図11に示す太陽電池モジュール39では、半球状の導光体27の端面の全周にわたって反射部40が形成されている。反射部40は、上述の第1変形例と同様、金属膜や誘電体多層膜を用いることができる。図11において、反射部40は図11のxy平面上に位置している。また、xz平面で導光体27を切断したときの断面形状である半円のうち、半円の1/2に相当する部分に太陽電池素子44が配置されている。太陽電池素子44は、上述した例と同様、導光体27の内部に埋め込まれていても良いし、導光体27の外面もしくは内面に設置されていても良い。
以下、本発明の第4実施形態について、図12を用いて説明する。
本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールの基本構成は第3実施形態と同様であり、導光体を複数個備えた点が第3実施形態と異なるのみである。
図12は、本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールを示す斜視図である。
以下、本発明の第5実施形態について、図13、図14A及び図14Bを用いて説明する。
本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールの基本構成は第1実施形態と同様であり、導光体の形状が第1実施形態と異なるのみである。
図13は、本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールを示す斜視図である。図14A、14Bは、本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールの使用形態を示す図である。
ただし、楕円体は必ずしも回転楕円体である必要はなく、導光体37を上記の3つの平面で切断したときの全ての断面形状が楕円であっても良い。
以下、本発明の第6実施形態について、図15、図16を用いて説明する。
本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールの基本構成は第1実施形態と同様であり、導光体の形状が第1実施形態と異なる。
図15は、本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールを示す斜視図である。図16は、図15に示す太陽電池モジュールの一部の拡大図である。
なお、導光体42の形状は内部が中空の立方体に限ることなく、内部が中空の直方体であっても良い。
第6実施形態において、太陽電池素子43は、導光体42を構成する立方体の6つの面のうち、必ずしも対向する2つの面の対角線に沿って配置する必要はない。太陽電池素子の配置には種々の形態が考えられる。しかしながら、図18に示す太陽電池モジュール46のように、例えば導光体42を構成する立方体の一辺に対して太陽電池素子45を平行に配置した場合、蛍光体層の発光点Tから立方体の一辺に対して平行に導光する蛍光L1は太陽電池素子45に到達することができない。そのため、集光効率が低下する。
以下、本発明の第7実施形態について、図19~図21を用いて説明する。
第1~第6実施形態の太陽電池モジュールは全て導光体中に蛍光体を含んでいたのに対し、本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールは導光体中に蛍光体を含まない点が異なっている。
図19は、本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールを示す斜視図である。図20は、図19のA-A’線に沿う断面図である。図21は、図20に示す太陽電池モジュールの一部の拡大図である。
第7実施形態においては、導光体51を構成する球体の最下点に太陽電池素子52が設けられていた。この場合、導光体51に対する太陽の位置が変わると、太陽光が導光体51に入射した後の集光位置が変化するため、太陽電池素子52の集光効率が低下する。これに対して、本変形例の太陽電池モジュール57では、図22に示すように、太陽電池素子58は、導光体51の最大円Cの全周にわたって配置されている。
上記の第1変形例の太陽電池モジュール57においては、第7実施形態に比べて太陽電池素子58の面積が増えるため、製造コストが上がる。そこで、本変形例の太陽電池モジュール60においては、図23に示すように、太陽電池素子61は、xy平面に平行な平面であって導光体51の最大円Cと最下点Z2との間に位置する平面と球体の表面とが交差してできる円の円周上に配置されている。
本変形例の太陽電池モジュール63は、図24に示すように、導光体51を構成する球体の中心Oを通るxz平面と球体の表面とが交差してできる円の円周のうち、下半球側に相当する部分に太陽電池素子64が配置されている。本変形例の太陽電池モジュール63においても、第7実施形態と同様の効果を得ることができる。
以下、本発明の第8実施形態について、図25を用いて説明する。
本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールの基本構成は第1実施形態と同様であり、保護部材を備えた点が異なるものである。
図25は、本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールを示す断面図である。なお、図25において、第1実施形態の図2と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付し、説明は省略する。
以下、本発明の第9実施形態について、図26を用いて説明する。
本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールは、第1実施形態の太陽電池モジュールと第7実施形態の太陽電池モジュールとを組み合わせ、2重構造としたものである。
図26は、本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールを示す断面図である。なお、図26において、第1実施形態の図2および第7実施形態の図20と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付し、説明は省略する。
以下、本発明の第10実施形態について、図27、図28を用いて説明する。
図27は、本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールを示す断面図である。図28は、本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールの使用形態の一例を示す図である。
以下、本発明の第11実施形態について、図29を用いて説明する。
本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールの基本構成は第1実施形態と同様であり、導光体の一部に蛍光体を含まない部分がある点が異なっている。
図29は、本実施形態の太陽電池モジュールを示す断面図である。なお、図29において、第1実施形態の図2と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付し、説明は省略する。
以下、本発明の一実施形態である太陽光発電装置について、図30を用いて説明する。
図30は本実施形態の太陽光発電装置を示すブロック図である。
例えば上記実施形態では、導光体の形状として球体、半球体、楕円体、立方体等の定形的な立体の例を示したが、不定形の形状を有する立体であっても良い。また、必ずしも導光体の全体が立体でなくても良く、例えば平面の一部が立体的に盛り上がった形状でも良い。ただし、その場合でも、平面部分と立体部分との境界は全反射による導光が保たれる程度の曲率を持っている必要がある。
Claims (23)
- 入射した光を伝播させる導光体と、
前記導光体の内部を伝播する光を受光する太陽電池素子と、を備え、
前記導光体は、透光性基材からなり、少なくとも一部に曲面を有している太陽電池モジュール。 - 前記導光体は、内部が中空となった殻状の前記透光性基材の構造体からなる請求項1に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記構造体が、中空の球体である請求項2に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記太陽電池素子が、前記球体の中心を通る平面と前記球体の表面とが交差してできる円の円周の1/2にあたる部分に配置された請求項3記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記構造体が、中空の楕円体である請求項2に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記導光体は、前記楕円体の回転対称軸を除く、前記楕円体の中心を通る軸を中心に回転可能とされた請求項5に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記導光体の内部が密閉空間とされ、前記導光体に、前記密閉空間に気体を注入もしくは前記密閉空間から気体を排出するための気体出入口が設けられた請求項2に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記密閉空間に、空気よりも比重が軽い気体が封入された請求項7に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記導光体は、内部が開放空間となった開口部を有する前記透光性基材の構造体からなる請求項1に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記構造体が、半球体である請求項9に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記太陽電池素子が、前記開口部の縁にあたる前記構造体の端面に配置された請求項9に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記導光体を構成する前記透光性基材が、可撓性を有する請求項1に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記導光体は、前記入射した光により励起されて蛍光を発生する蛍光体を含み、
前記太陽電池素子は、前記光の入射によって前記導光体の内部で発生し、前記導光体の内部を伝播する前記蛍光を受光する請求項1に記載の太陽電池モジュール。 - 前記導光体に含まれる前記蛍光体の密度が不均一である請求項13に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記導光体の第1部分での前記蛍光体の密度が相対的に大きく、前記第1部分と反対側に位置する前記導光体の第2部分での前記蛍光体の密度が相対的に小さい請求項14に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記導光体には、前記導光体の一面から入射した光を反射させて前記光の進行方向を変更する反射面を有する凹凸部が設けられ、
前記太陽電池素子は、前記導光体に入射した後、前記反射面で反射して前記導光体の内部を伝播する前記光を受光する請求項1に記載の太陽電池モジュール。 - 前記導光体に、前記導光体の内部を伝播する光を前記太陽電池素子に向けて反射させる反射部が設けられた請求項1に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記太陽電池素子が、前記導光体の内部に埋め込まれている請求項1に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記太陽電池素子が、前記導光体の表面に配置された請求項1に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記導光体の外側に、前記導光体から離間して前記導光体を覆うように保護部材が設けられた請求項1に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 請求項1に記載の太陽電池モジュールを備えた太陽光発電装置。
- 前記太陽電池モジュールを複数備え、前記複数の太陽電池モジュールが平面状に配列されている請求項21に記載の太陽光発電装置。
- 入射した光を伝播させる導光体と、
前記導光体の内部を伝播する光を受光する太陽電池素子と、を備え、
前記導光体は、透光性基材からなり、少なくとも一部に曲面を有しており、
前記導光体は、前記入射した光により励起されて蛍光を発生する蛍光体を含み、
前記太陽電池素子は、前記光の入射によって前記導光体の内部で発生し、前記導光体の内部を伝播する前記蛍光を受光する、
太陽電池モジュールを設置する方法であって、
前記導光体の太陽に近い部分での前記蛍光体の密度が相対的に大きい前記導光体の第1の部分が太陽に近く、前記第1部分と反対側に位置すると共に前記蛍光体の密度が相対的に小さい第2の部分が太陽から遠くなるように前記太陽電池モジュールを設置する方法。
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US14/112,723 US9496443B2 (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2012-04-09 | Solar cell module and solar power generation apparatus |
JP2013510951A JP6053178B2 (ja) | 2011-04-22 | 2012-04-09 | 太陽電池モジュールおよび太陽光発電装置 |
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TWM460230U (zh) * | 2013-04-11 | 2013-08-21 | Genesis Photonics Inc | 發光裝置 |
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US9496443B2 (en) | 2016-11-15 |
US20140026962A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
JP6053178B2 (ja) | 2016-12-27 |
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