WO2012143977A1 - 血管画像撮影装置及び生体認証装置 - Google Patents
血管画像撮影装置及び生体認証装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012143977A1 WO2012143977A1 PCT/JP2011/002363 JP2011002363W WO2012143977A1 WO 2012143977 A1 WO2012143977 A1 WO 2012143977A1 JP 2011002363 W JP2011002363 W JP 2011002363W WO 2012143977 A1 WO2012143977 A1 WO 2012143977A1
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- Prior art keywords
- light
- finger
- image
- blood vessel
- light source
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
- G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
- G06V40/1382—Detecting the live character of the finger, i.e. distinguishing from a fake or cadaver finger
- G06V40/1388—Detecting the live character of the finger, i.e. distinguishing from a fake or cadaver finger using image processing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
- G06V10/10—Image acquisition
- G06V10/12—Details of acquisition arrangements; Constructional details thereof
- G06V10/14—Optical characteristics of the device performing the acquisition or on the illumination arrangements
- G06V10/143—Sensing or illuminating at different wavelengths
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
- G06V40/14—Vascular patterns
- G06V40/145—Sensors therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
- G06V40/14—Vascular patterns
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a blood vessel image capturing device that captures a blood vessel image of a living body using a living body, a biometric authentication device that performs authentication based on the blood vessel image, and an authentication system.
- finger vein authentication is known as a technology that can realize highly accurate authentication. Finger vein authentication realizes high authentication accuracy by using a blood vessel pattern inside the finger, and is more difficult to forge and tamper than fingerprint authentication.
- biometric authentication devices have been installed in mobile terminals such as mobile phones, notebook PCs (Personal Computers), PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), lockers, safes, printers, etc., to ensure the security of each device. It has increased.
- biometric authentication has been used in recent years as a field to which biometric authentication is applied.
- online payment using mobile terminals such as mobile phones has been widely performed. From such a viewpoint, it is required to downsize the apparatus while maintaining high authentication accuracy. In order to reduce the size of the apparatus, it is desired that the apparatus configuration is thin and planar, and that the occupied area is small.
- a biometric authentication device described in Patent Document 1 is known as a technology related to downsizing of an authentication device that performs personal authentication based on the shape of a blood vessel.
- the light source is moved away from the imaging device in the opening, the light to be irradiated to the imaging region is limited, and the transmitted and scattered light that wraps around the inside of the finger is photographed to capture the blood vessel image.
- a technique for preventing image quality deterioration is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for accurately guiding a user's palm to an imaging range with respect to a palm authentication imaging apparatus for imaging a palm and used for palm authentication.
- This document discloses a technique for photographing a blood vessel image of a palm by irradiating light from a light source arranged at a position facing the palm and capturing reflected light from the palm.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses that a reflected light component on a subject surface is removed by shooting a plurality of images while irradiating spatially high-frequency illumination on the subject surface, and combining them, so that the reflection type
- an optical system of this kind there has been disclosed a photographing technique for acquiring only the image inside the subject with high image quality.
- a structure in which a light source used for visualizing blood vessels is arranged on the same side as the imaging device is required.
- the light source is disposed on the same side as the imaging device, light is directly irradiated to the part to be photographed, and therefore, a reflected light component that does not reach the inside of the living body and is reflected on the surface of the living body is likely to be generated.
- a blood vessel image can be obtained by photographing diffused light inside the living body, but since the reflected light not containing the blood vessel image is photographed at the same time as the diffused light, the blood vessel image becomes unclear and the authentication accuracy cannot be improved. was there.
- an imaging device is disposed on the side that images a living body, and a light source is disposed on the opposite side of the living body, and infrared light is irradiated so that light passes through the living body.
- the above-mentioned reflected light is hardly generated, and the blood vessel image is observed as a clear shadow, and a high-quality blood vessel image can be taken.
- the imaging device and the light source sandwich the living body, a three-dimensional device structure is required, and it is difficult to planarize the device.
- the device disclosed in Patent Document 1 realizes a planar structure by arranging a light source and an imaging device on the same side with respect to a living body.
- a light-shielding member is inserted between the light source and the opening so that light does not directly hit the living body part to be photographed to prevent image quality deterioration.
- the area occupied by the device increases and it is difficult to further reduce the size.
- the imaging region is imaged based on the transmitted and scattered light that does not directly irradiate the imaging region, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient amount of light necessary for imaging.
- Patent Literature 2 acquires a blood vessel image of a living body by irradiating a light source to a living body part to be observed.
- infrared light is directly irradiated to the part to be imaged, the skin is reflected on the surface of the living body compared to the light component that penetrates into the living body and is absorbed by the blood vessel to form the contrast of the blood vessel image. Since a light component that does not include a blood vessel image such as a wrinkle on the surface is photographed more strongly, the S / N of the blood vessel image may be reduced.
- a blood vessel pattern used for authentication is acquired from an imaging range wider than that of a finger, so that a certain decrease in S / N is acceptable to some extent.
- the infrared light emitting element since the infrared light emitting element is mounted at a position away from the sensor, it can be assumed that light is irradiated more strongly around the part of the body than the body part to be photographed. In this case, the direct irradiation light to the site
- Non-Patent Document 1 irradiates the surface of a subject with illumination having a spatially high frequency, and further performs a plurality of shootings while changing the illumination pattern, and does not include reflected light of all images. By combining the portions, the influence of the reflected light can be reduced even in the reflection type photographing.
- a device used for illumination is a relatively large projector such as a DLP projector, and it is difficult to realize a small and easily portable device.
- a typical example of the invention disclosed in the present application is as follows.
- a presentation unit that presents a finger in a predetermined presentation region, at least one light source that illuminates the finger and that is disposed on the opposite side of the presentation region across the presentation unit, and the same side as the light source
- An imaging unit that receives the light emitted to the finger, and a part of the light emitted from the light source on the path of the light from the light source toward the presentation area
- a blood vessel image capturing apparatus comprising a light guide member that irradiates a plurality of local lights onto an imaging region.
- a presentation unit that presents a finger in a predetermined presentation area, and at least one light source that is disposed on the opposite side of the presentation area across the presentation unit, and that emits light to the finger
- An imaging unit arranged on the same side as the light source to receive the light emitted to the finger, and divides the light emitted from the light source to generate a plurality of local lights, and a plurality of imaging parts of the finger
- a light guide member to be irradiated to be irradiated; and a control unit that changes an irradiation position of the plurality of local lights irradiated to the imaging region, wherein the imaging unit receives the plurality of local lights irradiated to the imaging region of the finger.
- a plurality of images including blood vessels in the imaging region of the finger are captured each time the irradiation positions of the plurality of local lights are changed, and a single blood vessel pattern image is extracted by combining the captured images.
- the extracted blood vessel pattern image having an image processing unit
- a biometric authentication device characterized by comprising an authentication unit for comparing and collating the previously stored blood vessel pattern image.
- a blood vessel image with high brightness and high image quality can be taken while having a planar structure with a small occupied area, and a small and highly accurate apparatus can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a biometric authentication system using a finger blood vessel according to the first embodiment.
- the authentication system of the first embodiment includes an input device 2, an authentication processing unit 10, a storage device 14, a display unit 15, an input unit 16, a speaker 17, and an image input unit 18.
- the input device 2 includes a light source 3 installed in the housing and an imaging device 9 installed in the housing.
- the image processing function portion of the authentication processing unit 10 or the image processing function including the image input unit 18 may be referred to as an image processing unit.
- the authentication processing unit 10 has an image processing function.
- an authentication system may be constructed by separately providing a blood vessel photographing device, a blood vessel image extraction device, an arithmetic device for performing authentication processing, and the like.
- the light source 3 is a light emitting element such as an infrared LED (Light Emitting Diode), for example, and irradiates the finger 1 presented on the input device 2 with infrared light.
- the imaging device 9 captures an image of the finger 1 presented on the input device 2.
- the surface of the input device 2 has a presentation unit on which a finger is presented.
- the presenting unit constitutes a finger presenting region (imaging region), and the finger to be authenticated may be configured to place the finger on the presenting unit, or the finger is held in contact with the input device. It is also good.
- a holding member for holding the finger may be provided.
- the expression “presenting a finger” includes the case where the finger is placed on the presentation unit and the case where the finger is held over.
- An image picked up by the image pickup device 9 is input to an authentication processing unit 10 having an image processing unit via an image input unit 18.
- the authentication processing unit 10 includes a central processing unit (CPU: Central Processing Unit) (hereinafter also referred to as an arithmetic device or a control unit) 11, a memory 12, and various interfaces (IF) 13.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- IF various interfaces
- the CPU 11 performs various processes by executing programs stored in the memory 12.
- the memory 12 stores a program executed by the CPU.
- the memory 12 temporarily stores the image input from the image input unit 18.
- the interface 13 connects the authentication processing unit 10 and an external device. Specifically, the interface 13 is connected to the input device 2, the storage device 14, the display unit 15, the input unit 16, the speaker 17, the image input unit 18, and the like.
- the storage device 14 stores user registration data in advance.
- the registration data is information for collating users, and is, for example, an image of a blood vessel pattern.
- a blood vessel pattern image is an image obtained by capturing blood vessels (finger veins) distributed mainly under the skin on the palm side of a finger as dark shadow patterns. In the following, it is assumed that a finger vein pattern is used among the blood vessel patterns.
- the display unit 15 is, for example, a liquid crystal display, and is an output device that displays information received from the authentication processing unit 10.
- the input unit 16 is, for example, a keyboard, and transmits information input from the user to the authentication processing unit 10.
- the input unit is not limited to the keyboard as long as it accepts input from the user, such as a numeric keypad, a touch panel, and an electronic pen.
- the speaker 17 is an output device that transmits information received from the authentication processing unit 10 as an acoustic signal (for example, voice).
- a speaker is taken as an example, but any output device that transmits information to the user may be used, and the content emitted by the speaker may be displayed on the display unit.
- FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C are diagrams illustrating the structure of the input device of the biometric authentication system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2A shows a cross-sectional view of the input device 2.
- a light source 3 that emits infrared rays for photographing a finger blood vessel and a camera 9 are provided.
- the light source 3 is installed toward the upper part of the apparatus, and the emitted light diffuses toward the upper part of the apparatus.
- the light source 3 is not highly directional, for example, an LED, and can be regarded as a point light source centered on itself.
- a plurality of light sources 3 are arranged so that infrared rays can be emitted from various positions. This embodiment will be described below based on an example in which four light sources are arranged. However, for example, one to 20 or more may be used.
- the light source can be turned on and off, and the irradiation intensity can be individually controlled by the control unit 11.
- a pinhole array 201 that opens toward the finger presentation unit is provided above the light source 3.
- the pinhole array 201 is a light guide member for guiding light emitted from the light source 3 toward the finger presentation unit.
- the light emitted from the light source 3 passes through the light guide member and irradiates a plurality of local lights onto the imaging region of the finger presented to the presentation unit.
- an opening 202 exists at the boundary between the inside and the outside of the housing of the input device 2, and the camera 9 photographs the finger 1 through the opening 202.
- the opening 202 may include a member that is transparent to infrared light, such as an acrylic plate or a glass plate.
- the finger 1 is presented on the finger presentation unit formed on the upper part of the opening 202 (upper surface of the housing) at the time of photographing, but as shown above, it is displayed so as to be presented hollowly as shown in the figure.
- the user can be guided by the unit 15 or the like, and in order to position the finger 1, the input device 2 can be provided with a finger positioning structure such as a finger rest.
- FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the pinhole array 201.
- the pinhole array 201 is formed of a plate-like member made of a material that does not transmit and reflect infrared rays, and a large number of small pinholes 210 are arranged on the plate.
- the pinhole 210 is a hollow space or a cylindrical space filled with a member transparent to infrared rays, and infrared rays can pass through them.
- a camera hole 211 that is an opening for the lens (or lens barrel) of the camera 9 is opened at the center of the pinhole array 201. Infrared light emitted from the light source 3 passes through the pinhole 210 and reaches the finger 1.
- FIG. 2C shows a different example of the light guide member as a top view. 2C is the same as FIG. 2B except that the hole 210 is formed in a slit shape.
- the hole 210 is formed in a slit shape.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the processing procedure of the biometric authentication system according to the first embodiment.
- an example of four light sources is shown, but the number of light sources is not necessarily four, and may be any one of 1 to 20 or more.
- infrared light is irradiated only from the light source 3-a, and the finger 1 is photographed by the camera 9 (S301). This light spreads radially upward of the apparatus with the light source 3-a as the center. This light passes through the pinhole array 201. Infrared rays pass through the pinhole 210 portion of the pinhole array 201 and are blocked at other portions. The infrared light that has passed through the pinhole array passes through the opening 202 and reaches the surface of the finger 1. At this time, the infrared light that illuminates the finger 1 is projected to a position where the light source 3-a and each pinhole 210 are connected by a straight line.
- the infrared pattern projected onto the finger 1 is a dot-like pattern, and a plurality of finger imaged portions are locally irradiated. This is shown in FIG. 4A. That is, on the surface of the finger 1, a portion irradiated with light and a portion not irradiated are densely distributed.
- spot light 401 or local light.
- the blood vessel 402 is distributed under the finger 1, the blood vessel in the portion where the spot light 401 is directly projected is hardly observable due to the influence of the reflected light on the surface.
- infrared light penetrates and diffuses from the spot light 401 into the inside of the finger, and is emitted outside the living body from a place other than the spot light 401 through the inside of the living body. Since this light includes a blood vessel image inside the body, as a result, a blood vessel image is observed at a spot where no spot light exists. This video is taken by the camera 9.
- the portion irradiated with the spot light 401 is divided into a reflected light component in which infrared rays are totally reflected or irregularly reflected on the surface of the finger, and a diffused light component that penetrates into the finger and diffuses therein.
- a reflected light component in which infrared rays are totally reflected or irregularly reflected on the surface of the finger
- a diffused light component that penetrates into the finger and diffuses therein.
- the light imaged by the camera 9 is a mixture of light reaching the blood vessel and light not reaching the blood vessel.
- the optical path length of the light that does not reach the blood vessel is shorter than that that reaches the blood vessel, so the intensity of the light that does not reach the blood vessel Is relatively stronger. Therefore, the light that does not reach the blood vessel has a strong influence on the image quality to be photographed. As a result, wrinkles on the finger surface appear strongly in the image, and the blood vessel image becomes unclear.
- the blood vessel image becomes unclear as described above with respect to the portion directly irradiated with the light.
- the specular reflection component and irregular reflection component generated on the finger surface are basically not generated or only slightly generated in a portion not directly irradiated with light. Therefore, at least the light component directly reflected from the finger surface is not included in the region, and only the light component that has penetrated into the living body and emitted is observed. Therefore, when a large number of spot lights 401 are projected through the pinhole array 201, the light component on the surface of the finger is spatially distributed between a portion including a reflection component and a portion including only light diffused inside the living body. Will do.
- the light source 3-a that has been turned on is turned off, the light source 3-b is turned on, and the image is taken by the camera 9 (S302).
- the positions of the light source 3-b and the light source 3-a are slightly different. Therefore, the infrared light passing through the pinhole array 201 is slightly shifted from the position irradiated by the light source 3-a.
- the position of the straight line connecting the light source position and each pinhole is shifted, so that the position of the spot light 401 formed on the surface of the finger is shifted.
- FIG. 4B shows the spot light in FIG. 4A has moved slightly to the left because the position of the light source to be irradiated has moved to the right. That is, the spot light 401 in FIG. 4A is not irradiated with the spot light in FIG. 4B.
- the light source 3-c and the light source 3-d are turned on to acquire the same video (S303, S304).
- each video is shot, it is performed at a high speed at a timing that causes almost no finger misalignment.
- the number of light sources are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction of the finger.
- the number of light sources may be increased or may be additionally arranged in the width direction of the finger.
- it is good also as a structure which images a blood vessel image with a single light source.
- authentication is performed based on an image in which a blood vessel pattern is partially lost, but a projection image of local light described later is used or combined with other authentication means (fingerprint, password, iris, etc.) It is also possible to ensure the authentication accuracy.
- biological surface information for example, a fingerprint
- biological surface information and the blood vessel pattern image may be separately authenticated and stored, or they may be combined into a single image for authentication and storage.
- the calculation unit can use the locally projected biological surface information for authentication, and can also perform image alignment based on the biological surface information. Since the local light is scattered in the authentication pair area, there is an advantage that the alignment is easy.
- the required number and arrangement of light sources are determined so as to satisfy the following conditions.
- the size of the spot light 401 irradiated from the pinhole 201 is defined by the diameter of the pinhole 210, the distance from the light source to the pinhole, and the distance from the pinhole to the finger 1.
- the arrangement of the light sources is in the state shown in FIG. 5, there is a portion 501 that is irradiated with infrared rays even when both the light sources are switched.
- this region contains direct reflected light, the image quality deteriorates. Therefore, a larger number of light sources are arranged so that such a region does not exist, and various positions are irradiated. In order to prevent the presence of the portion 501 irradiated with either of these, it is also effective to reduce the radius of the pinhole 201 and increase the position of the light source and the pinhole. However, since it is conceivable that the light amount is insufficient, it is effective to increase the amount of received light by increasing the light amount or increasing the exposure time. In addition, the plurality of light sources may be turned on at the same time and photographed as long as the mutual irradiation light does not irradiate the common area of the finger 1 at the same time. As a result, the number of shots is reduced, so that the shooting speed can be increased.
- a luminance value that is not directly irradiated with light is selected from the target pixels of the plurality of images, thereby obtaining an image that does not include a component directly reflected by the finger surface.
- a value that is not the maximum value among a plurality of luminance values is set as the luminance value of the pixel. .
- the second highest luminance value is adopted, the median value is adopted, or the darkest luminance value is adopted.
- the luminance value when the direct reflected light component is irradiated is examined in advance, a threshold value for determining whether the reflected light component is a direct reflected light component is set for the luminance value, and the luminance value below the threshold value It is effective to use the maximum value of the pixels as the luminance value of the pixel.
- a threshold value for determining whether the reflected light component is a direct reflected light component is set for the luminance value, and the luminance value below the threshold value
- the pixels in the corresponding portion are observed in a whiteout state.
- the whiteout part does not have subject information and becomes a defective pixel, which may adversely affect subsequent processing such as blood vessel pattern extraction processing and authentication processing.
- the missing pixel is small, it can be substituted by storing the pixel value of the neighboring pixel.
- pixel values of pixels having a close spatial distance have similar properties. Therefore, the defective pixel can be removed without greatly changing the shape of the subject such as the blood vessel pattern by the operation of replacing the defective pixel with the pixel value of the neighboring pixel.
- a threshold value of a luminance value that can be determined to be a defective pixel due to overexposure is set in advance, and it is determined whether or not each pixel is overexposed for the combined image. If the pixel is a whiteout pixel, a pixel value for replacement is calculated from a pixel that is not whiteout among pixels in the vicinity of that pixel.
- a pixel value calculation method there is a method of calculating an intermediate value or an average value of neighboring pixel values. If all neighboring pixels are whiteout, similar processing is performed using the surrounding 16 pixels. When this operation is performed for all the pixels, it is possible to remove the defective pixels that are whiteout from the entire image.
- a process of extracting only a blood vessel pattern from the synthesized image is performed (S306), and further a collation process with a previously registered blood vessel pattern is performed (S307), thereby determining whether or not they match (S308). ), Whether authentication is successful (S309) or not (S310) is output and the process ends.
- the irradiation part and the non-irradiation part are switched in time series and spatially with respect to the whole living body part to be photographed, sufficient light is irradiated to the whole living body part to be photographed. become.
- the generation of reflected light is avoided by irradiating light only around the living body part to be photographed, and only the scattered light diffused in the living body is photographed to reduce the S / N of the image of the living body.
- there is a technique to suppress when the area of the living body part to be photographed becomes wide, the irradiated light is difficult to reach the living body part to be photographed, and as a result, the image becomes dark and the S / N may decrease.
- this invention it becomes possible to eliminate this problem by irradiating uniformly.
- the size of the spot light is related to the size of the above-described defect area where whiteout occurs even when images taken for all combinations of light sources are combined. Even if the overall defect amount is the same, the larger the size of one defect region, the greater the deformation of the subject of the image after the defect removal. This is because the pixel value to be overwritten on the defective pixel must be obtained by using a pixel at a spatially distant position. Conversely, if the size of one missing area is small, the pixel value overwritten on the missing pixel is calculated from the pixels in the immediate vicinity of the missing part. It is corrected. Therefore, it is desirable to make the size of the spot light as small as possible.
- the size of the pinhole is small.
- the lower limit of the size is set according to the wavelength of the infrared light used, the manufacturing method, and the like.
- the above-mentioned defective pixels can be reduced by preventing direct irradiation of the same portion when the light source is switched. If the spotlight size and the distance between adjacent spotlights are exactly the same, the same part will not appear unless all spotlights are shifted in parallel by the same distance as their own size when the light source is switched. A region to be irradiated is generated. Therefore, it is desirable that the distance between the spot lights is wider than the size of the spot lights. As a result, if the amount of shift of the spot light when the light source is switched moves larger than the size of the spot light, it is possible to substantially prevent the occurrence of a place where the direct irradiation light overlaps.
- 19A and 19B show an example of the positional relationship and dimensions of the light source, the pinhole array, and the spot light.
- the size of the pinhole 210 is 0.25 mm
- the distance between the pinholes is 0.75 mm
- the ratio of both is 1: 3
- the distance between the light source 3 and the pinhole array 201 is 10 mm.
- the distance between the hole array 201 and the finger 1 is 20 mm
- the ratio between the two is 1: 2
- the distance between the light source 3-a and the light source 3-b is 2 mm
- the irradiation angle of the light source 3 extends to 45 degrees on the left and right. It is an example which showed the mode of the irradiation light of the left half surface in a case.
- the spot light 401 indicated by the solid line is irradiated onto the finger 1 as shown in the figure.
- the spot light indicated by the dotted line is irradiated to the finger 1.
- the ratio of the size of the spot light irradiated to the finger and the area where the spot light does not hit is approximately 1: 3.
- spot light emitted from both light sources is applied to the finger 1 without overlapping, so that no defective pixel exists. In this way, the occurrence of defective pixels can be suppressed by providing a margin in the distance between the spot lights with respect to the size of the spot lights.
- the pinhole array 201 needs a certain thickness in order to maintain its own strength.
- the hole size of the pinhole is reduced with respect to this thickness, the light is transmitted when the light path is inclined even slightly. become unable. In other words, light cannot pass through other than the pinhole directly above the light source. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 19B, a hole opening / closing pattern 1902 is printed in a pinhole shape on the surface of a transparent member such as an acrylic plate 1901 having a thickness capable of maintaining strength by using an ink that blocks infrared light. Further, at least the thickness of the member that blocks light can be formed as thin as possible. This makes it possible to transmit light traveling obliquely.
- the light source itself may be moved mechanically and the pinhole array 201 may be moved in the same manner. Further, the position of the pinhole may be changed by using the pinhole array 201 as a member that can electrically control transmission and blocking of infrared light such as a liquid crystal panel.
- the method of moving the light source and pinhole array mechanically can move spot light smoothly and smoothly, so it has the effect of obtaining a clear image by image composition, and the method using a liquid crystal panel has the effect of pinhole size. Since the position and position can be freely controlled, it is possible to control so that a clear image can be synthesized.
- authentication may be performed by using a photographed image that includes spot light before image composition.
- the blood vessel pattern cannot be observed due to the direct reflected light, but the blood vessel pattern is observed in the other portions.
- authentication using a blood vessel pattern becomes possible. If authentication can be performed using only an image including spot light in this way, processing for capturing and combining a plurality of images while controlling a large number of light sources becomes unnecessary, high-speed processing can be realized, and apparatus cost can be reduced.
- One example will be described below.
- the spot light has a bright pixel value, whether or not the pixel of interest is irradiated with the spot light can be determined by the magnitude of the luminance value.
- a blood vessel pattern can be observed in a pixel that can be determined not to be irradiated with spot light. Therefore, blood vessel pattern extraction processing is selectively performed on pixels that are not irradiated with spot light.
- pattern defects are generated in the blood vessel pattern extracted because of spotted portions scattered. Therefore, for the part with spot light, the pixel value of the part without the spot light among the neighboring pixels is stored by the same method as the above-mentioned removal of the defective pixel, and the spot structure is maintained while keeping the spatial structure as much as possible. The light part is removed and the blood vessel pattern is extracted. Thereby, a blood vessel pattern having no spatial defect is obtained.
- the spatial structure is more maintained when the size of the spot light is as small as possible, irradiation with a small spot light is desirable as described above.
- the spot light when spot light is included in the image, if the positional relationship between the light source and the pinhole and the correspondence between the coordinates on the image and the three-dimensional space to be photographed can be grasped in advance, the spot light
- the three-dimensional structure of the subject can be calculated from the coordinates where That is, by using an image including spot light, it is possible to combine authentication using three-dimensional information of a living body in addition to authentication using a blood vessel pattern, and authentication accuracy can be improved.
- the positional relationship between the spot light and the blood vessel pattern is also stored together with the blood vessel pattern information, so that the positional deviation is corrected by the projection pattern on which the spot light is projected, and the corrected pattern comparison is performed. Is also possible.
- FIG. 6 is a modification of the first embodiment.
- the light source 3 is disposed toward the side surface, and the mirror 601 is disposed obliquely.
- the light is reflected by the mirror 601, passes through the pinhole array 201, and the spot light is projected onto the finger 1.
- the optical distance between the light source 3 and the pinhole array 201 can be increased through the mirror 601 while the apparatus is thinned. It is possible to irradiate a spot light over a wide range.
- FIG. 7 shows a modification of the first embodiment.
- the light sources 3 and the image sensor 701 are alternately arranged on a plane.
- One imaging element 701 corresponds to one pixel in the image or a small number of pixels spatially close to each other.
- a condensing lens 702 is provided on the upper part of the image sensor 701 and can receive an image immediately above the image sensor 701. At this time, the side surface of the condensing lens 702 has an effect of blocking infrared light so that light of a light source existing in the vicinity is not directly photographed.
- the light source 3 irradiates only the subject near the top.
- the light source 3 is turned on and checked in a checkered pattern so that adjacent light sources are turned on and off, and further, as described above, a plurality of light sources 3 are shot and switched.
- spot light With the following pattern and their synthesis.
- the spot light is too wide when the light source is turned on, there is a possibility that the light receiving element existing in the vicinity of the light source directly captures the reflected light. In that case, for example, if every two intervals of the light source are turned on instead of every other, and the pixel value of the image sensor adjacent to the light source that is turned on is discarded, the direct reflected light generated by the spread of light can be captured. Can be prevented.
- all the pixels can be used effectively by synthesizing images while shifting the phase of the light source to be lit.
- FIG. 8 shows a modification of the first embodiment, which is an example of a line-type finger vein authentication device in which the opening 202 is narrowly restricted with respect to the longitudinal direction of the finger 1.
- the image sensors 701 are arranged in the finger width direction, and only one pixel is arranged in the longitudinal direction.
- the light source 3 is disposed toward the side surface, and the mirror 801 is disposed obliquely.
- the light emitted from the light source 3 is bent by the mirror 801 and proceeds in the direction of the finger 1.
- the light sources 3 are arranged in the width direction of the finger, and a pinhole array 802 is installed at the irradiation port of the light sources.
- one pinhole corresponds to one light source, which has the effect of suppressing the spread of light emitted from one light source and improving directivity.
- the same effect can be obtained by using a condensing lens instead of a pinhole.
- the shooting procedure is the same as in the above-described embodiment, and each light source is periodically turned on, for example, every other or every second, and an image for one line is taken.
- each light source is periodically turned on, for example, every other or every second, and an image for one line is taken.
- an image for one line is taken.
- the line-type finger vein authentication device similar to the line-type authentication device generally used for fingerprint authentication, etc., a blood vessel pattern distributed over the entire finger is obtained by sliding the finger. Authentication is performed using the entire blood vessel.
- FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B are modifications of the first embodiment.
- a liquid crystal panel 901 is provided above the opening 202 of the input device 2.
- the liquid crystal panel 901 includes a large number of minute liquid crystal pixels arranged in a plane, and the presence or absence of voltage application can be electronically controlled for each pixel.
- the characteristics of liquid crystals are generally known, light transmission and blocking can be controlled for each pixel by applying a voltage. Therefore, as described in the above embodiment, the function equivalent to that of the pinhole array can be realized by presenting light transmission and blocking for each pixel in a checkered pattern. For each pixel of the liquid crystal, for example, when a pattern of the liquid crystal pixel 902 through which light is transmitted is presented as shown in FIG.
- the infrared rays emitted from the light source 3 become a large number of small spot lights as shown in FIG. 4A, for example.
- the position of the liquid crystal pixel 902 through which the light is transmitted is changed by changing the pattern of the liquid crystal panel 901 as shown in FIG. 9B, the position of the spot light to be projected is changed from the state of FIG. 4A as shown in FIG. 4B, for example. Can be shifted.
- FIG. 10A the photographing light is blocked in a checkered pattern. From the liquid crystal pixel 902 through which light is transmitted, due to the relationship between the position of the light source, the position of the subject, and the like, a portion where the spot light 401 which is directly reflected light is projected and a portion where it is not observed are observed. Next, when the light source to be irradiated is switched as in the above-described embodiment, the position where the spot light 401 is observed as shown in FIG. 10B due to the positional relationship between the position of the light source and the subject is shown in FIG. 10A. Change.
- the liquid crystal pixel 902 that transmits the checkered light can acquire an image that does not include the direct reflected light.
- the reflected light is directly irradiated by only two light source irradiations.
- the light source is further irradiated at a different position, and the process is repeated until no direct reflected light is irradiated as a whole.
- the above-described determination method can be used to determine whether or not the spot light 401 is present at a certain pixel on the image.
- the spot light 401 is always irradiated with the pixel. It is determined that
- the image of the camera is an image of light that has passed through the liquid crystal pixel 902 that transmits light.
- the image of the camera is an image of light that has passed through the liquid crystal pixel 902 that transmits light.
- a general liquid crystal panel has a property of blocking light components traveling in an oblique direction due to the thickness of its own layer.
- the light that passes obliquely is light that travels obliquely after being diffused inside the finger, or light that arrives by irregular reflection on the finger surface.
- FIG. 12 is a principle diagram for extracting the three-dimensional structure of the finger surface using the irradiated spot light.
- the spot light 401 irradiated on the finger 1 is adjusted.
- the spot light 401-a irradiated through the pinhole 202-a in the figure exists on the extension line of the light source 3 and the pinhole 202-a.
- the spot light 401-a is observed.
- the extension line connecting the camera 9 and the spot light 401-a is uniquely determined. By obtaining the intersection of these two extension lines, the distance Da from the camera 9 of the part of the finger 1 irradiated with the spot light 401-a is obtained.
- the distance Db can be obtained by obtaining the intersection of the extension line of the light source 3 and the pinhole 202-b and the extension line of the camera 9 and the spot light 401-b.
- the position of the three-dimensional space of all spot lights can be determined by the principle of triangulation.
- the spot light 401 is projected as a circle having a certain area if the pinhole 202 is circular, it spreads on the image. Therefore, a reference for determining the coordinates of the spot light as one point is necessary. Basically, the irradiation intensity of the light is highest at the center of the spot light, and the intensity decreases as the distance from the center increases. Therefore, one point having the highest intensity is defined as the position of the spot light.
- the spot light is strong, the brightness value is saturated and the same brightness value is obtained in all the circular areas. In this case, the center of gravity position of the saturation area may be determined as the spot light position.
- the spot light 401 has a spread as described above, it is difficult to strictly measure the size of the spot light, and the above method is more effective.
- a pinhole at a specific position is closed to block infrared light.
- FIG. 12 a closed pinhole 1202 is depicted.
- the advantage of closing the light source directly above is that spot light projected at a position closest to the light source looks clear, so that it is easy to detect the blocked portion.
- the position directly above the light source exists inside the opening, and the pinhole directly above the light source is projected directly above, there is spot light generated by the blocked pinhole 1202
- the area that is not to be used has an advantage that it can be observed by the camera 9 relatively stably even if the distance between the finger 1 and the light source 3 changes.
- the pinhole As another variation, it is not a method of closing the pinhole, but by changing the shape of the hole in various ways and determining the shape of the spotlight by image processing, it is determined which spotlight has passed through which pinhole. May be. In this case, the irradiation efficiency is higher than the method of closing the hole.
- the method for closing the hole does not require determination of the shape of the spot light, so that complicated determination processing is not required and erroneous determination is unlikely to occur.
- the size of the spot light will increase, so there may be pixels where spot light overlap can be seen even when all light sources are turned on. In this case, it is possible to determine that the finger presentation position is invalid and control the user to be warned through a speaker or a display unit so that the user can place the finger close to the user.
- FIG. 13 shows a processing procedure for extracting a three-dimensional structure from an image on which spot light is projected.
- a table prepared in advance that represents the positional relationship between each light source and each pinhole is read (S1301).
- t is a parameter. Since these parameters are fixed parameters representing the spatial coordinates (X, Y, Z) formed by the straight line connecting the light source and the pinhole, there exist as many products as the number of light sources and the number of pinholes.
- a table related to the positional relationship between the camera position and each pixel on the image which is created based on the same concept as the above table, is read (S1302).
- the number of parameters of this table is the number of pixels of the image.
- the distance of the perpendicular from the pinhole position is obtained for each spot light (S1306).
- this information can be used as registration data or input data.
- the position of the center of gravity and the position where the maximum brightness is obtained are calculated as the representative position of the spot light.
- the two straight lines may not completely intersect due to measurement error or calculation error. In this case, the point that is the minimum distance between the two straight lines is the intersection.
- FIG. 15 shows an embodiment of an authentication processing flow using distance information on the finger surface.
- the blood vessel pattern registered in advance and the three-dimensional information of the finger acquired by the above method are read from the storage device 14 to the memory 12 (S1501).
- a certain user inputs a finger (S1502).
- the three-dimensional information of the finger is acquired together with the blood vessel pattern (S1503).
- the image of the input data of the input finger itself is deformed so that the registered data and the three-dimensional information of the finger of the input data are closest.
- the input image is subjected to enlargement / reduction, rotation, and parallel movement processing so that the finger widths are approximately the same size and the same position (S1504). As a result, both fingers generally overlap.
- the input image is spatially translated, enlarged / reduced, and rotated so that the three-dimensional information of the fingers is most similar (S1505).
- the blood vessel patterns are collated with each other at that position (S1506). If the finger is the same finger, the distance between the apparatus and the alignment in the image plane direction is completed, and collation can be performed in a state in which the displacement of the blood vessel pattern does not occur.
- a match with the registered blood vessel pattern is determined (S1507). If it is determined that they match, authentication is successful (S1508). Otherwise, authentication fails (S1509).
- the positional deviation is corrected by using the blood vessel pattern to perform alignment so that the degree of matching between the patterns is maximized.
- This technique has an effect of increasing the degree of matching as much as possible even when positioning different patterns. Originally, it should be expected that the degree of matching will be lower if different patterns are used, but as long as the method of alignment is applied so as to increase the degree of matching of blood vessel patterns, the degree of matching between different fingers Rising is a challenge.
- the matching degree of the blood vessel pattern between different fingers does not increase compared to the conventional method, and the same finger and another finger are collated. The results can be separated more effectively, and the authentication accuracy is improved.
- the joint position can be acquired by detecting the depression that runs in the corresponding direction. If the registered and input joint positions are almost the same, but there is a deviation in the solid information of other parts, the solid information may be deformed in the finger bending direction based on the joint position. Specifically, the deformation caused by bending with the finger joint as a reference can be reproduced by gradually increasing or decreasing the image enlargement rate as the distance from the joint position is determined.
- the matching rate of the blood vessel pattern is higher if the finger is the same. If you are a finger, the match rate will not increase. In this way, high accuracy of verification can be realized.
- the processing speed can be improved because consideration of various deformations is suppressed.
- FIGS. 16A, 16B and 16C An example of this is shown in FIGS. 16A, 16B and 16C.
- FIG. 16A and FIG. 16B both differ in the shooting state of the finger 1, and the three-dimensional rotation angle is shifted.
- the normalized pattern 1601 is shown in FIG. become that way.
- the shapes of the blood vessel 402-a and the blood vessel 402-b are the same, but a slight shift in translation occurs due to the influence of the three-dimensional rotation of the finger.
- it is possible to accurately calculate the degree of coincidence of both patterns by performing collation while performing parallel movement so that the blood vessels coincide.
- a blood vessel may be projected onto the surface of a cylinder with a uniform radius, and a blood vessel may be projected onto an elliptical cylindrical surface as well.
- a blood vessel may be projected on the surface with reference to.
- the display unit 15 when it is detected that the finger is pivoting greatly or the joint is bent greatly, feedback is provided to the user through the display unit 15 or the like. , Can guide the correct finger placement. For example, while displaying the state of the current finger being photographed on the display unit 15, it is possible to specifically illustrate how to correct this when it is corrected. When it is determined that the joint is bent, it specifically indicates which joint should be extended and how much, and if the finger is rotating, how much rotation should be returned to which direction Can be instructed.
- FIG. 17 shows an embodiment in which the apparatus of the present invention is mounted on a mobile phone.
- the input device 2 is mounted on the front surface of the mobile phone 1701.
- the input device 2 is, for example, a line type authentication device shown in FIG.
- the user presents the finger 1 on the input device 2.
- the input device 2 determines the presentation of the finger, and performs authentication processing according to the processing flow shown in FIG. 3, for example.
- FIG. 8 when the user takes a picture while sliding his / her finger toward the near side, a match with a pre-registered pattern is determined, and if the match is confirmed, various functions of the mobile phone can be used. It becomes. For example, it can be used for unlocking a cellular phone button operation, enabling a call / email transmission function, verifying the identity of the user during online payment / shopping, and the like.
- FIG. 18A and 18B show another embodiment in which the apparatus of the present invention is mounted on a mobile phone.
- the input device 2 is mounted on the front surface of the mobile phone 1701.
- the authentication apparatus is shown in FIG. 9A, and a liquid crystal 901 is mounted in the opening 202.
- FIG. 9A the liquid crystal 901 is used for light aperture control for projecting a plurality of reflected light patterns on the finger surface and photographing a plurality of images.
- the liquid crystal 901 can also display a guidance diagram 1801 and a guidance sentence 1802 for the user to present the finger 1.
- the verification process is performed according to the above-described processing flow, and the user is authenticated.
- a touch panel including a resistive film type or a capacitance type may be embedded in the structure of the liquid crystal 901, and the user's finger placement determination, position determination, and finger movement measurement may be performed. .
- the above-described slide type photographing method can also be employed.
- the opening 202 is narrowed.
- biometric information in time series or spatially combine it with the slide of the finger.
- the direction and speed of the finger movement at this time may be guided as a moving image according to the guidance diagram 1801, thereby improving the convenience for the user.
- FIG. 11A shows an apparatus structure according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the light source 3 and the camera 9 are disposed inside the input device 2, and a viewing angle limiting film 1101 is attached to the surface of the opening 202.
- the viewing angle limiting film 1101 can travel with little attenuation of light traveling in the normal direction with respect to the film. However, when the direction of the light is tilted beyond a certain angle from the tangential direction, the transmittance is almost reduced. It has characteristics that light cannot be transmitted and does not cause reflection.
- the light source 3 is installed in a place that does not enter the field of view of the camera 9, and in the present embodiment, is brought close to the field of view. With this arrangement, the light source 3 can be as close to the finger 1 as possible, and the light utilization efficiency is increased.
- the viewing angle limiting film 1101 of the opening 202 transmits light that is directed vertically upward or slightly tilted, and thus reaches the left side surface of the finger 1.
- light that travels to the right by exceeding a certain angle from the vertical direction is blocked by the viewing angle limiting film 1101 and therefore does not reach the belly side of the finger 1.
- the light irradiated from the light source 3 irradiates only the left side surface of the finger 1.
- the blood vessel image becomes unclear due to the influence of reflected light, but in this configuration, at least the left side of the finger is irradiated and the finger surface on the right side of the center is irradiated directly. It is never done. Therefore, the image of the center or right side of the finger is a photograph of the transmitted light as the light irradiated on the left side diffuses inside the finger. This is an image obtained by the principle of transmitted light imaging, and at least the blood vessel image on the right half of the image is clear. Subsequently, when the left light source 3 is turned off and the right light source 3 is turned on, a clear blood vessel image can be taken on the left half surface by the same principle. By synthesizing a region in which a clear blood vessel image is displayed among the two images captured in this process, a single clear blood vessel image as a whole can be obtained.
- the finger width of the finger 1 varies depending on the user, for example, even when only the light source located at the leftmost of the four light sources 3 illustrated in FIG. If the right side of the finger 1 is presented, the light may not reach the left side of the finger 1. Therefore, the leftmost light source 3 is turned off and the second light source from the left is turned on, and an image that is not extremely dark out of the two shots by both light sources is employed, or the blood vessel contrast is measured by image processing.
- the number of light sources may be further increased, and in that case, finer adjustment of illumination becomes possible.
- FIG. 11B shows a device configuration in which a light source is provided inside an opening in a configuration using the prior art in order to clearly show the effect of the present invention.
- a light shielding member 1102 is installed adjacent to the center side of the light source 3 in order to block unnecessary irradiation light.
- the infrared light emitted from the light source 3 may travel beyond the light shielding member 1102, and unnecessary irradiation light is generated as leakage light. Measures for preventing this include, for example, lowering the position of the light source 3 obliquely downward along the light shielding member 1102, or extending the light shielding member 1102 longer to come further forward than the light source 3.
- the present invention can capture a clear blood vessel image while solving these problems.
- the present invention can be applied to a portable biometric authentication device, realizes a small and highly accurate authentication, and is useful as a personal authentication device.
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Abstract
Description
その一方、光源を開口部内の撮像装置から遠ざけて当該開口部の外側に配置する必要があることから、装置の占有面積が増大し、さらなる小型化を図ることが困難であった。また撮像部位に直接光を照射せず、回り込む透過、散乱光に基づき撮像部位を撮像することから、撮影に必要な光量を十分に得ることが困難であった。
また、撮影対象が掌であることから、指に比べて広い撮像範囲から認証に利用する血管パターンを獲得するため、一定のS/Nの低下はある程度許容できる。
しかしながら、指の一部を認証領域とする様な小型の認証装置を実現する場合には、S/Nが低下すると認証に必要な血管パターンを獲得することが困難となる可能性がある。
また、認証システムの構成を一体として構成する必要も無く、血管撮影装置、血管画像抽出装置や認証処理を行う演算装置等を別途設けて認証システムを構築しても良い。
また、指を載置またはかざし易くするために、指を保持する保持部材を設けても良い。以下指を提示すると表現する場合には、提示部に対して指を載置する場合と、かざす場合とを含むものとする。
撮像装置9で撮像された画像は、画像入力部18を介して画像処理部を有する認証処理部10へ入力される。
スピーカ17は、認証処理部10から受信した情報を、音響信号(例えば、音声)で発信する出力装置である。ここではスピーカを例にするが、利用者に対して情報を発信する出力装置であればよく、前述の表示部にスピーカで発する内容を表示させても良い。
また光源3は様々な位置から赤外線を照射することができるように複数配置されている。本実施例では4つの光源を配置した例に基づき以下説明するが、例えば1個~20個の何れかであっても良いし、それ以上で有っても良い。
各光源の点灯や消灯、そしてその照射強度は制御部11によって個別に制御できる。また、光源3の上方には指提示部に向けて開口するピンホールアレイ201が具備されている。ピンホールアレイ201は光源3から照射される光を指提示部に向けて導光するための導光部材である。光源3から照射される光は、この導光部材を通過して提示部に提示される指の撮像部位に局所光を複数照射することになる。
さらに、入力装置2の筺体の内部と外部との境界には開口部202が存在し、カメラ9は開口部202を通して指1を撮影する。開口部202には、赤外光に対して透明な部材、たとえばアクリル板やガラス板などを備えても良い。
このように赤外光に対して透明な部材を配置することで、装置内部にほこりなどの異物が侵入することや、指1が誤って装置内に侵入することを防止することができる。
また指1は撮影の際に、開口部202の上部(筺体の上面)に形成される指提示部に提示されることになるが、前述したように図の通りに中空に提示させるように表示部15などにより利用者をガイダンスすることもでき、また指1の位置決めを行うために、入力装置2に指置き台などの指の位置決めのための構造を持たせることもできる。
またピンホールアレイ201の中心部分には、カメラ9のレンズ(もしくはレンズ鏡筒)に対する開口部である、カメラ用ホール211が開けられている。光源3から放射される赤外光はピンホール210を通過して指1へと到達する。
また、図2Cは導光部材の異なる例を上面図として示すものである。
図2Cでは、ホール210がスリット状に形成されている以外は、図2Bと同様である。ここで、このようにスリット状に形成されることで、光源の照射方向等の制御が行いやすいという利点がある。
この様子を図4Aに示す。すなわち指1の表面には、光の照射されている部分と照射されていない部分とが密に分布する。ここでは指1を照射している点状の光をスポット光401(もしくは局所光)と称する。
そのため、局所光401近傍の光が投影されない領域の内部に伝播する光路が短くなることから、光量の損失も少なく、鮮明な血管画像を撮影することが可能となる。
また、複数光源を配置する例について説明したが、単一光源により血管画像を撮像する構成としても良い。この場合、部分的に血管パターンが欠損した画像に基づき認証を実行することになるが、後述する局所光の投影像を利用したり、他の認証手段(指紋、暗証番号、虹彩等)と組み合わせることで認証精度を担保することも可能である。具体例としては、局所光の投影像に写りこむ生体表面情報(例えば指紋)と局所光が照射されていない領域の血管パターン像とを認証に用いる。このとき、生体表面情報と血管パターン像とを別途認証、記憶するようにしても良いし、それらを合成して一枚の画像とし、認証や記憶するように構成することも可能である。
また、認証対象人数が少ない場合などの場面では、単独での使用も可能である。
この場合においても、演算部において、局所投影された生体表面情報を認証に用いることも可能であり、さらに当該生体表面情報を基に画像の位置合わせを行うことも可能である。局所光は認証対領域に点在することになるため、位置合わせを行いやすいという利点もある。
ただしこれによって光量が不足することが考えられるため、光量を増加させる、あるいは露光時間を長く取る、などによって受光量を増加させることが有効である。また、複数の光源は、お互いの照射光が指1の共通な領域を同時に照射しない条件であれば、同時に点灯して撮影しても良い。これにより撮影枚数が低減するため撮影の高速化が実現できる。
輝度値の選択方法の一実施例としては、通常では直接反射光成分を持つ画像が最も明るく照射されるため、複数の輝度値の中から最大値ではない値をその画素の輝度値と設定する。たとえば、第二位の輝度値を採用する、中央値を採用する、最も暗い輝度値を採用する、などがある。その中でも、直接反射光成分が照射された場合の輝度値を事前に調べておき、直接反射光成分かそうでないかを判定するための閾値を輝度値に対して設定し、閾値を下回る輝度値の中の最大値をその画素の輝度値とする方法が有効である。この方法では、直接反射光が存在しない画素から最も明るい画素が選ばれるため、光量不足による不鮮明な画像が得られにくいという利点が得られる。
これに対し、欠損画素が小さい場合は、その近傍画素の画素値を格納することで代用することができる。一般的に、空間的な距離が近い画素同士の画素値は類似する性質を持つ。従って、欠損画素をその近傍画素の画素値に置き換える操作によって、血管パターンなど被写体の形状を大きく変化させることなく欠損画素を除去できる。具体的には、白飛びによる欠損画素であると判定できる輝度値の閾値を事前に設定し、合成後の画像に対して1画素ずつ白飛びかどうかを判定していく。もし白飛び画素である場合、その画素の周囲8近傍の画素のうち白飛びではない画素から置き換えのための画素値を算出する。画素値の算出方法として、近傍画素値の中間値あるいは平均値を計算する方法がある。仮に近傍画素のすべてが白飛びである場合は、さらにその周囲の16画素を用いて同様の処理を行う。この操作を全画素について行うと、白飛びとなっている欠損画素を画像全体から除去することができる。
さらにはピンホールアレイ201を液晶パネル等の赤外光の透過、遮断を電気的に制御できる部材としてピンホールの位置を変化させても良い。光源やピンホールアレイを機械的に移動する方法では連続的に滑らかにスポット光を移動させることができるため画像合成で鮮明な画像が得られる効果があり、また液晶パネルによる方法ではピンホールのサイズや位置を自由に制御できるため、鮮明な画像が合成できるように制御することが可能となる。
またさらに、スポット光と血管パターンとの位置関係についても、血管パターンの情報と併せて記憶しておくことで、スポット光が投影される投影パターンにより位置ずれの補正を行い、補正後のパターン比較も可能となる。また、投影パターンの歪みから、三次元空間における位置補正を行うこともできる。
図6は、第一の実施の形態の変形例である。光源3が側面に向けて配置されており、またミラー601が斜めに配置されている。光源3を照射すると、ミラー601に反射した後にピンホールアレイ201を通過し、スポット光が指1に投影される。本方式では、光源3の指向性が強くて広い範囲を照射できないものであっても、ミラー601を介することで、装置を薄くしながらも光源3とピンホールアレイ201までの光学的距離を遠ざけることができ、広範囲にわたってスポット光を照射することができる。
ただし、光源を点灯させたときスポット光が広がり過ぎる場合は、その光源の近傍に存在する受光素子が直接反射光を撮影する可能性がある。その場合は例えば光源の点灯させる間隔を一つおきではなく二つおきとし、点灯している光源に近接する撮像素子の画素値を破棄すれば、光の広がりによって発生する直接反射光の撮影を防止することができる。このとき、破棄された画素の影響により本来の画素数から低減するため、点灯する光源の位相をずらしながら画像を合成することで、全画素を有効に利用することができる。
従って、上述の実施例にて説明した通り、画素ごとに光の透過と遮断とを市松模様状に提示することでピンホールアレイと同等の機能を実現することができる。この液晶の各画素について、例えば光が透過する液晶画素902のパターンを図9Aの通りに提示すると、光源3から放射される赤外線は、例えば図4Aに示すような小さな多数のスポット光となる。さらに、例えば図9Bに示すように液晶パネル901のパターンを変化させて光が透過する液晶画素902の位置をずらすと、例えば図4Bに示すように投影するスポット光の位置を図4Aの状態からずらすことができる。
一方、カメラ9を中心に放射方向に伸びる空間的な直線の上に存在する被写体は、カメラ9で撮影される画像上では常に同じ座標に観測されることから、スポット光401-aが観測される座標を調べることで、カメラ9とスポット光401-aとを結ぶ延長線が一意に決定される。
この2つの延長線の交点を求めることにより、スポット光401-aが照射されている指1の部分のカメラ9からの距離Daを得る。同様に、光源3とピンホール202-bの延長線と、カメラ9とスポット光401-bとの延長線との交点を求めることで、距離Dbを得ることができる。このような三角測量の原理によってすべてのスポット光の三次元空間の位置が決定できる。
この場合は穴を塞ぐ方法よりも照射効率が高い。その反面、前述の穴を塞ぐ方法はスポット光の形状を判定する必要が無いため、複雑な判定処理が不要となり、誤った判定が発生しにくい。
なお、tは媒介変数である。これらのパラメータは光源とピンホールとを結ぶ直線が成す空間的な座標(X,Y,Z)を表す固定パラメータとなるため、光源の個数とピンホールの個数との積だけ存在する。次に、上記のテーブルと同様の考え方により作成された、カメラ位置と画像上の各画素との位置関係に関するテーブルを読み込む(S1302)。このテーブルの持つパラメータ数は画像の画素数の個数となる。これらのテーブルは記憶装置14に格納され、処理プログラムが実行される場合には必要に応じてメモリ11に展開され、処理プログラムによって参照される。
Claims (15)
- 指を所定の提示領域に提示される提示部と
前記提示部を挟んで前記提示領域と反対側に配置された、指に光を照射する少なくとも一つの光源と、
前記光源と同じ側に配置された、指に照射された光を受光する撮像部と、
前記光源から前記提示領域に向かう光の進路上に、前記光源から出射される光の一部を制限することにより、指の撮像部位に対して局所光を複数照射させる導光部材とを備えることを特徴とする血管画像撮影装置。 - 請求項1に記載の血管画像撮影装置において、
前記撮像部は、指の撮像部位に照射された複数の前記局所光を受光することで、指の撮像部位における血管を含む画像を撮影し、
当該画像から血管パターン像を抽出する画像処理部をさらに備えることを特徴とする血管画像撮影装置。 - 請求項1に記載の血管画像撮影装置において、
指に照射される前記複数の局所光の照射位置を変化させ、該変化ごとの画像を夫々撮影するように制御する制御部を備え、
当該夫々撮影された画像を合成して一の血管パターン像を抽出する画像処理部を備えることを特徴とする血管画像撮影装置。 - 請求項2または3に記載の血管画像撮影装置において、
前記画像処理部により得られた血管パターン像を、予め記憶した血管パターン像と比較する認証部を備えることを特徴とする血管画像撮影装置。 - 請求項1に記載の血管画像撮影装置において、
前記導光部材は、前記光源から出射される光の一部を通過させる複数の穴を備え、
さらに、前記撮像部のレンズを囲う開口部を備えることを特徴とする血管画像撮影装置。 - 指を所定の提示領域に提示させる提示部と
前記提示部を挟んで前記提示領域と反対側に配置された、指に光を照射する少なくとも一つの光源と、
前記光源と同じ側に配置された、指に照射された光を受光する撮像部とを有し、
前記光源から出射される光を分割して複数の局所光を生じさせ、指の撮像部位に複数照射させる導光部材と、
前記撮像部位に照射される前記複数の局所光の照射位置を変化させる制御部とを備え、
前記撮像部は、指の撮像部位に照射された複数の局所光を受光することで、指の撮像部位における血管を含む画像を、前記複数の局所光の照射位置を変化させるごとに複数撮影し、
当該夫々撮影された画像を合成して一の血管パターン像を抽出する画像処理部を備え、
当該抽出した血管パターン像を、予め記憶された血管パターン像と比較照合する認証部とを備えることを特徴とする生体認証装置。 - 請求項6に記載の生体認証装置において、
前記導光部材は前記光源からの光を分割するための穴を複数備えることを特徴とする生体認証装置。 - 請求項7に記載の生体認証装置において、
前記穴を通過した前記局所光が前記撮像部位に投影されたときに、互いに重複しない様に投影されるように、前記導光部材において前記穴が分布していることを特徴とする生体認証装置。 - 請求項6に記載の生体認証装置において、
前記認証部は、前記比較照合の際、前記撮像部で撮影された画像における複数の局所光による投影像と、予め記憶された投影像とから、前記血管パターンの照合位置を補正することを特徴とする生体認証装置。 - 請求項6に記載の生体認証装置において、
前記制御部は、前記撮像部で撮影された画像における複数の局所光による投影像の形状または隣り合う投影像の間隔を算出し、当該算出結果に基づいて指の提示位置に対して警告する様、出力装置を制御することを特徴とする生体認証装置。 - 請求項6に記載の生体認証装置において、
前記光源が複数並置され、
前記制御部は、当該複数の光源の点灯、消灯を制御することにより、前記複数の局所光の照射位置を変化させることを特徴とする生体認証装置。 - 前記画像処理部は、夫々撮影された前記画像を合成して一の血管パターン像を抽出する際に、それぞれの前記画像の対応する画素を各々比較し、輝度値が最大となる画素を用いずに合成を行うことを特徴とする生体認証装置。
- 請求項6に記載の認証装置であって、
前記制御部は、前記撮像部で撮影された画像における複数の局所光による投影像位置を算出し、
当該投影像の位置の情報に基づき、指の立体構造情報を獲得することを特徴とする認証装置。 - 請求項6に記載の認証装置であって、
前記導光部材は液晶で構成されることを特徴とする認証装置。 - 請求項14に記載の認証装置であって、
前記液晶は前記液晶の画素を前記光源より照射される光に対する開口状態と遮断状態とに制御し、前記開口状態の画素を通過した光を撮影することを特徴とする認証装置。
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JP2014099065A (ja) * | 2012-11-14 | 2014-05-29 | Fujitsu Ltd | 画像処理装置、画像処理システム、画像処理方法及びプログラム |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20130329031A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
EP2704093A1 (en) | 2014-03-05 |
EP2704093A4 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
JPWO2012143977A1 (ja) | 2014-07-28 |
JP5816682B2 (ja) | 2015-11-18 |
CN103370727A (zh) | 2013-10-23 |
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