WO2012137564A1 - Solid oxide fuel cell system and operating method therefor - Google Patents

Solid oxide fuel cell system and operating method therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012137564A1
WO2012137564A1 PCT/JP2012/055134 JP2012055134W WO2012137564A1 WO 2012137564 A1 WO2012137564 A1 WO 2012137564A1 JP 2012055134 W JP2012055134 W JP 2012055134W WO 2012137564 A1 WO2012137564 A1 WO 2012137564A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
temperature
solid oxide
oxide fuel
gas
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PCT/JP2012/055134
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
星野　真樹
隆夫 和泉
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日産自動車株式会社
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Publication of WO2012137564A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012137564A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04328—Temperature; Ambient temperature of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell system that generates electricity by supplying a hydrogen-containing gas and an oxygen-containing gas to a power generation unit, and an operation method thereof.
  • a high-temperature fuel cell such as a solid oxide fuel cell has an operating temperature in the temperature range of about 600 to 1000 ° C., and when it is started, the temperature is gradually raised over a day or more. It was. In addition, the high-temperature fuel cell does not need to be stopped other than for maintenance, etc., and can be stopped for a long time.
  • DSS Dynamic Start and Stop
  • the material in the power generation unit may be damaged.
  • the reason why it takes time to raise the temperature when starting the high-temperature fuel cell is to prevent the temperature distribution in the power generation section of the high-temperature fuel cell from becoming large.
  • a system including a startup combustor that obtains a high-temperature combustion gas has been proposed.
  • the high-temperature combustion gas obtained by the startup combustor is modified.
  • the temperature is only raised in the quality device.
  • the present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell system capable of reducing the size without providing a large blower for supplying combustion gas to the startup combustor and shortening the time required for startup, and an operating method thereof.
  • the purpose is to provide.
  • One embodiment of the present invention includes an electrolyte membrane and an anode electrode and a cathode electrode laminated on both sides of the electrolyte membrane, and solid oxide that generates power by flowing anode gas and cathode gas through the anode electrode and cathode electrode, respectively.
  • This system includes a fuel cell temperature determination unit that determines whether or not the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell has become equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, and the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell is determined by the fuel cell temperature determination unit. And a restarting unit that restarts by supplying the cathode gas supplied to the cathode electrode by the startup gas supply unit to the startup combustor when it is determined that the following has occurred.
  • the cathode gas supplied to the cathode electrode is supplied to the startup combustor to perform the restart. This is a method of operating an oxide fuel cell system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the operation of the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a solid oxide fuel cell system A1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a fuel pump 10, an evaporator 11, a startup combustor 12, a blower 13, a switching valve 14, a heat exchanger 15, and a solid oxide fuel cell. (Hereinafter simply referred to as “fuel cell”) 20, a temperature sensor TS1, a battery 16, and a controller 100.
  • the fuel cell 20 is configured by housing a plurality of cells 24 stacked on each other in a case 25.
  • Each cell 24 includes an electrolyte membrane 23 and an anode electrode 21 and a cathode electrode 22 provided on both sides thereof.
  • the electrolyte membrane 23 and the anode 21 and cathode 22 provided on both sides of the fuel cell 20 include an anode gas (hydrogen-containing gas) and a cathode gas (oxygen-containing) on the anode 21 and cathode 22 of each cell 24. Gas) is separated and circulated.
  • hydrogen-containing gas is described as fuel gas
  • oxygen-containing gas is described as air.
  • the “fuel gas” is not particularly limited, and ethane, butane, natural gas, or the like can be used.
  • an alcohol such as ethanol or butanol
  • a liquid fuel such as gasoline, light oil or light oil can be used.
  • the fuel pump 10 supplies fuel necessary for power generation of the fuel cell 20 to the fuel evaporator 11.
  • the fuel pump 10 and the evaporator 11 are connected by a supply pipe 10a provided between them.
  • the fuel pump 10 is connected to the output port side of the controller 100 and is appropriately driven according to a command from the controller 100.
  • the evaporator 11 vaporizes the fuel supplied by the fuel pump 10 to obtain fuel gas.
  • the evaporator 11 is connected to the startup combustor 12 through a supply pipe 11a.
  • the air blower 13 supplies air necessary for power generation of the fuel cell 20 to the switching valve 14.
  • the air blower 13 is connected to the switching valve 14 via the supply pipe 13a.
  • the air blower 13 is connected to the output port side of the controller 100 and is appropriately driven according to a command from the controller 100.
  • the switching valve 14 switches the air supply destination from the air blower 13 to the heat exchanger 15 or the startup combustor 12.
  • the switching valve 14 is connected to the inlet of the startup combustor 12 via the supply pipe 14a, and is connected to one inlet of the heat exchanger 15 via the supply pipe 14b.
  • the switching valve 14 is connected to the output port side of the controller 100 and is appropriately switched and driven by a command from the controller 100.
  • the air blower 13 and the switching valve 14 constitute a starting gas supply unit B1 for supplying the cathode gas supplied to the cathode electrode 22 to the starting combustor 12.
  • the startup combustor 12 generates high-temperature combustion gas.
  • the outlet of the startup combustor 12 is connected to the supply pipe 14b through the supply pipe 12a.
  • the high-temperature combustion gas generated by the startup combustor 12 is supplied to the fuel cell 20 via the heat exchanger 15.
  • the heat exchanger 15 exchanges heat between the exhaust gas discharged from the anode 21 of the fuel cell 20 and the cathode gas supplied to the cathode 22.
  • One outlet of the heat exchanger 15 is connected to the inlet of the cathode electrode 22 of the fuel cell 20 through a supply pipe 15a.
  • the other inlet of the heat exchanger 15 is connected to the outlet of the anode 21 of the fuel cell 20 via the supply pipe 15b.
  • a discharge pipe 22 a is connected to the outlet of the cathode electrode 22.
  • the exhaust gas discharged from the cathode electrode 22 is discharged to the outside through the discharge pipe 22a.
  • a supply pipe 22b for supplying fuel gas is connected to the inlet of the anode 21. Fuel gas is supplied to the anode 21 through the supply pipe 22b.
  • the temperature sensor TS1 is disposed in the discharge pipe 22a and measures the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the cathode electrode 22.
  • the temperature sensor TS1 is connected to the input port side of the controller 100, and can measure the temperature of the exhaust gas and hence the temperature of the fuel cell 20. Note that the installation position of the temperature sensor TS1 is not limited to the discharge pipe 22a, and may be disposed anywhere as long as the temperature of the fuel cell 20 can be measured.
  • the battery 16 is charged with electric power generated when restarting described later.
  • the battery 16 is connected to the fuel cell 20.
  • the controller 100 has a storage unit including a CPU (Central Processing Unit) (not shown), a hard disk, a semiconductor memory, and the like.
  • the controller 100 exhibits the following functions by executing required programs used in the present system stored in the storage unit.
  • the fuel gas to the startup combustor 12 is used as the startup gas supply stop unit 104 And the ability to stop air supply.
  • the above “restart” is performed by supplying air and fuel gas to the start-up combustor 12 at the same time.
  • the supply of air to the startup combustor 12 is performed by switching the supply destination of air from the air blower 13 to the startup combustor 12 by the switching valve 14. Therefore, according to this embodiment, it is not necessary to provide another large-sized blower for supplying air to the startup combustor 12.
  • the predetermined temperature (restart temperature) Tf is a temperature at which the fuel cell 20 can be restarted within a predetermined time Td by the air supplied to the cathode electrode 22 (that is, the time from the start to the end of restart). Temperature which can be kept within a predetermined time Td).
  • the predetermined temperature Tf is, for example, 400 ° C. to 500 ° C., and varies depending on the capacity of the air blower 13, the heat capacity of the part that needs to be heated, and the like.
  • the air blower 13 Since the air blower 13 is selected assuming rated power generation, it takes a long time to raise the temperature of the air supplied by the air blower 13 from room temperature to a high temperature of 600 ° C. or higher.
  • the predetermined temperature Tf is set to 400 ° C., and the restart is started when the temperature of the fuel cell 20 becomes 400 ° C. or lower. Thereby, compared with restart from normal temperature, start time can be reduced to 1/5.
  • restart temperature Tf when the restart temperature Tf is set to 60% or more of the temperature of the power generation unit during power generation, it becomes possible to restart more quickly.
  • the restart temperature Tf when the restart temperature Tf is set to 75% or more of the temperature of the power generation unit during power generation, it is possible to restart in a shorter time. Specifically, it is possible to restart in a time of 1/2 or less when the restart temperature Tf is set to 60% or more of the temperature of the power generation unit during power generation. Furthermore, as the restart temperature Tf is set higher, the temperature distribution of the power generation section is less likely to occur, so that more rapid heating is possible and the startup time can be further shortened.
  • the predetermined time Td that serves as a reference when determining the restart temperature Tf is determined from the capacity of the battery 16 and the required value from the vehicle system side. Therefore, for example, if the capacity of the battery 16 is sufficient and it takes about 20 minutes to start up, the temperature required to start the restart is relatively low. On the other hand, when the capacity of the battery 16 is not sufficient and the start-up can take only one minute, for example, the temperature necessary for starting the restart is relatively close to the temperature at the time of power generation. When considering application to an in-vehicle system, it is desirable that the time required for restarting is shorter, but when the capacity of the battery 16 is sufficient, the restarting temperature Tf may be appropriately changed.
  • the power generation unit of the fuel cell 20 generates power.
  • the power generated here can be used in the next restart by charging the battery 16.
  • the charged power can be used, for example, for keeping the system warm, cleaning the air conditioner, purifying the vehicle interior, regenerating the exhaust purification catalyst (DPF regeneration, S coverage). It can be used as electric power in the vehicle such as detoxification and regeneration of the reforming catalyst. Moreover, when an electroreceptor is nearby, electric power may be supplied to the acceptor. For example, when parked in a garage at home, it can be used for domestic power consumption.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the operation of the fuel cell system A1.
  • step S1 the controller 100 measures the temperature of the air discharged from the cathode electrode 22 of the fuel cell 20 by the temperature sensor TS1, that is, the temperature of the fuel cell A1.
  • step S2 the controller 100 determines whether or not the temperature measured by the temperature sensor TS1 has become equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature Tf. If it is determined in step S2 that the temperature has become equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature Tf, the controller 100 proceeds to step S3. If it is determined that the temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature Tf, the process in step S2 is repeated.
  • step S ⁇ b> 3 the controller 100 switches the switching valve 14 so that the air supplied toward the cathode electrode 22 is supplied to the startup combustor 12 and supplies fuel gas to the startup combustor 12. Thereby, the controller 100 supplies the high temperature combustion gas produced
  • step S ⁇ b> 5 the controller 100 supplies fuel gas to the anode 21.
  • step S6 the controller 100 determines whether or not the temperature of the fuel cell 20, and thus the power generation unit, is equal to or higher than the power generation possible temperature Ts. If it is determined in step S6 that the temperature is equal to or higher than the power generation possible temperature Ts, the controller 100 proceeds to step S7. If it is determined that the temperature is lower than the power generation possible temperature Ts, the process in step S6 is repeated.
  • step S7 the controller 100 stops the supply of fuel gas and air to the startup combustor 12.
  • step S ⁇ b> 8 the controller 100 determines whether or not fuel gas is supplied to the anode 21. If it is determined that the power is supplied, the process proceeds to step S9 to start power generation. If it is determined that the power is not supplied, step S8 is repeated.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • symbol same as them is attached
  • subjected and description is abbreviate
  • the solid oxide fuel cell system A2 includes a reformer 30, a heater 31, a temperature sensor TS2, an evaporator 32, a fuel pump 33, and A water pump 34 is provided.
  • the reformer 30 includes a reforming catalyst for reforming a raw material for hydrogen production to produce a reformed fuel gas containing hydrogen.
  • the reformer 30 is connected to the inlet of the anode 21 via the supply pipe 22b.
  • the temperature sensor TS2 is disposed in the supply pipe 22b and measures the temperature of the reformed fuel gas supplied from the reformer 30.
  • the temperature sensor TS2 is connected to the input port side of the controller 100, and can measure the temperature of the reformed fuel gas supplied from the reformer 30, and thus the temperature of the reformer 30.
  • the heater 31 is attached to the reformer 30 and heats the reformer 30.
  • the inlet of the heater 31 is connected to the outlet of the cathode electrode 22 through the discharge pipe 22a.
  • the evaporator 32 is connected to the fuel pump 33 via the supply pipe 33a and is connected to the water pump 34 via the supply pipe 34a.
  • the evaporator 32 is connected to the mixer 43 via a supply pipe 32a.
  • the fuel pump 33 and the water pump 34 are respectively connected to the output port side of the controller 100 and are appropriately driven according to commands from the controller 100. Thereby, the evaporator 32 evaporates the fuel supplied from the fuel pump 33 to obtain fuel gas, and also evaporates the water supplied from the water pump 34.
  • the evaporator 32, the fuel pump 33, and the water pump 34 constitute a reformer gas supply unit B2 that supplies a hydrogen-containing gas and an oxygen-containing gas to the reformer 30.
  • the controller 100 in the present embodiment has the following functions in addition to the functions (1) to (4). (5) A function of measuring the temperature of the reformer 30 by the temperature sensor TS2 as the reformer temperature measuring unit 105. (6) A function for determining whether or not the temperature of the reformer 30 has reached a predetermined temperature Tr as the reformer temperature determination unit 106.
  • the predetermined temperature Tr is set to about 300 ° C. If the temperature of the reformer 30 is not equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature Tr, unreacted fuel and oxygen may be supplied to the anode electrode 21 and may affect the anode electrode 21.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of the fuel cell system A2.
  • step S11 the controller 100 measures the temperature of the air discharged from the cathode electrode 22 of the fuel cell 20 by the temperature sensor TS1, that is, the temperature of the fuel cell A2.
  • step S12 the controller 100 determines whether or not the temperature measured by the temperature sensor TS1 has become equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature Tf. If it is determined in step S12 that the temperature has become equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature Tf, the controller 100 proceeds to step S13. If it is determined that the temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature Tf, the controller 100 repeats the process in step S12.
  • step S ⁇ b> 13 the controller 100 switches the switching valve 14 so that the air supplied toward the cathode electrode 22 flows to the startup combustor 12 and supplies fuel gas to the startup combustor 12. Thereby, the controller 100 supplies the high temperature combustion gas produced
  • step S15 the controller 100 raises the temperature of the reformer 30 by supplying the exhaust gas discharged from the cathode electrode 22 to the heater 31.
  • step S16 the controller 100 measures the temperature of the reformer 30 with the temperature sensor TS2, and determines whether or not the measured temperature has reached 300 ° C. or higher. If it is determined in step S16 that the temperature is 300 ° C. or higher, the controller 100 proceeds to step S17, and if it is determined that the temperature is lower than 300 ° C., the process returns to step S15.
  • the controller 100 supplies fuel gas and air to the reformer 30, and in the subsequent step S18, the controller 100 supplies the reformed fuel gas to the anode 21.
  • the fuel cell 20 can be heated from both sides of the cathode electrode 22 and the anode electrode 21 by supplying the reformed fuel gas obtained by the reformer 30 to the anode electrode 21. Thereby, the temperature distribution can be reduced and the startup time can be shortened.
  • step S19 the controller 100 determines whether or not the temperature of the fuel cell 20, and hence the power generation unit, is equal to or higher than the power generation possible temperature Ts. If it is determined in step S19 that the temperature of the power generation unit has become equal to or higher than the power generation possible temperature Ts, the controller 100 proceeds to step S20. If it is determined that the temperature is lower than the power generation possible temperature Ts, the process proceeds to step S18. return.
  • step S20 the controller 100 stops the supply of high-temperature combustion gas and air to the startup combustor 12, and in the subsequent step S21, supplies steam to the reformer 30. That is, when the fuel cell 20 reaches a temperature at which power can be generated, the supply of fuel gas and air to the startup combustor 12 is stopped, and the normal operation is started. At that time, steam is also supplied to the reformer 30 to reduce the air supply amount so that the hydrogen-containing gas is mainly generated by the steam reforming reaction. When the generation of the hydrogen-containing gas is confirmed, this is supplied to the anode 21 and power generation is performed, whereby the restart is completed.
  • step S22 the controller 100 determines whether or not the fuel gas is supplied to the anode 21. If it determines with being supplied, a process will be advanced to step S23, and electric power generation will be started, and if it determines with not being supplied, step S22 will be repeated.
  • the reformed fuel gas obtained by the reformer 30 can be used for power generation as a fuel gas.
  • -Since the air supplied to the start-up combustor 12 is supplied from the blower 13 that forms part of the start-up gas supply unit B1, a system that can be restarted in a short time without installing another large blower is provided. can do.
  • the reformer 30 is provided, it is possible to generate electricity by supplying liquid fuel, so the cruising range can be increased, and it is superior to conventional hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and electric vehicles. Can do.
  • the fuel cell is supplied with the hydrogen-containing gas obtained by supplying fuel gas and air to the reformer 30 and utilizing the oxidation reaction Since heating can also be performed from the anode electrode 21 side, activation in a shorter time is possible.
  • the predetermined temperature Tf is set to 500 ° C., and the restart is started when the temperature of the fuel cell 20 becomes 500 ° C. or lower. Thereby, compared with restart from normal temperature, start time can be reduced to 1/10.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • symbol same as them is attached
  • subjected and description is abbreviate
  • the solid oxide fuel cell system A3 includes an anode exhaust gas circulation section D in addition to the configuration of the fuel cell system A2.
  • the anode exhaust gas circulation section D includes a circulation pipe 41b that connects the outlet of the anode 21 and the mixer 43, a circulation pipe 43a that connects the mixer 43 and the heat exchanger 44, and a circulation pipe 41b.
  • a blower 40 disposed upstream of the exhaust gas distribution direction and a three-way valve 41 disposed downstream of the blower 40 of the circulation pipe 41b are provided.
  • the blower 40 and the three-way valve 41 are connected to the output port side of the controller 100 and are appropriately driven by commands from the controller 100.
  • the three-way valve 41 is connected to the discharge pipe 22a from the cathode electrode 22 through the supply pipe 41a.
  • a three-way valve 42 is disposed in the discharge pipe 22a.
  • the three-way valve 42 is connected to the evaporator 32 via a supply pipe 42a.
  • the three-way valve 42 is connected to the output port side of the controller 100 and is appropriately driven by a command from the controller 100.
  • the heat exchanger 44 is provided in the reformer 30 and the heater 31 so that the hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the mixer 43 can be heated and heated through the circulation pipe 43a.
  • the supply pipe 43b is connected to the mixer 43.
  • a blower 45 is disposed in the supply pipe 43b.
  • the supply pipe 43b is connected to the heater 31 via the supply pipe 43c.
  • a blower 46 is disposed in the supply pipe 43c.
  • the blowers 45 and 46 are connected to the output port side of the controller 100 and are appropriately driven by commands from the controller 100.
  • a supply pipe 33 a is connected to the mixer 43.
  • An evaporator 32 and a fuel pump 33 are disposed in the supply pipe 33a. As a result, the fuel supplied from the fuel pump 33 is vaporized by the evaporator 32 and supplied to the mixer 43.
  • the evaporator 32, the fuel pump 33, and the blower 45 constitute the reformer gas supply unit B3 that supplies the hydrogen-containing gas and the oxygen-containing gas to the reformer 30.
  • the following effects can be obtained in addition to the effects similar to those described in the first and second embodiments.
  • the fuel cell system A3 By circulating the exhaust gas discharged from the anode 21 through the anode exhaust gas circulation part D, the water vapor generated at the anode 21 by power generation can be used for the reaction in the reformer 30.
  • the fuel cell system A3 can generate power without mounting a water tank, and the in-vehicle system can be further downsized.
  • the time required for restart can be shortened without installing a large blower. . Therefore, in the fuel cell system A3, the system efficiency can be further increased.
  • the fuel cell system A3 in addition to heating by the startup combustor 12, the fuel cell system A3 is started while supplying fuel gas and air to the reformer 30 and circulating the exhaust gas discharged from the anode 21.
  • the startup time can be reduced to 1/20 compared to the case of restarting from room temperature.
  • the restart can be performed with a restart time suitable for the system. -By charging the battery with the electric power generated when restarting, it can be used effectively without wasting the electric power.
  • the time required for restart can be shortened by setting the restart temperature Tf to 60% or more of the temperature of the power generation unit during power generation.
  • the restart can be restarted in a shorter time by setting the restart temperature Tf to 75% or more of the temperature of the power generation unit during power generation.
  • Reactivation can be performed without providing a cathode exhaust heating gas return path for returning a part of the exhaust heating gas discharged from the cathode electrode 22 back to the cathode electrode 22. Thereby, restart can be performed without increasing the temperature distribution in the fuel cell.
  • the switch determination unit for providing a restart allowance switch for allowing the restart and for determining whether or not the restart permitting switch is turned on in the controller 100.
  • the cathode gas supplied to the cathode from the startup gas supply unit can be supplied to the startup combustor only when it is determined that the restart permission switch is turned on. By performing the restart operation only when the restart permission switch is turned on, it is possible to reduce the energy consumed for restart when the use frequency is low.
  • the solid oxide fuel cell system without providing a large blower for supplying combustion gas to the start-up combustor, the solid oxide fuel cell system can be downsized. In addition, the time required for the activation can be shortened.

Abstract

A solid oxide fuel cell system (A1, A2, A3) is provided with solid oxide fuel cell (20) that generates electric power by separating from each other and circulating an anode gas and a cathode gas at an anode (21) and cathode (22) that are stacked on the two sides of an electrolyte membrane (23) and with a startup combustor (12) that generates high temperature combustion gas for raising the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell (20). When the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell (20) is determined to be a prescribed temperature (Tf) or less, restarting is carried out by the cathode gas that is supplied to the cathode (21) being supplied to the startup combustor (12).

Description

固体酸化物型燃料電池システム及びその運転方法Solid oxide fuel cell system and operation method thereof
　本発明は、水素含有ガス及び酸素含有ガスを発電部に供給して発電する固体酸化物型燃料電池システム及びその運転方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell system that generates electricity by supplying a hydrogen-containing gas and an oxygen-containing gas to a power generation unit, and an operation method thereof.
　固体酸化物型燃料電池等の高温型燃料電池は、その動作温度が約６００～１０００℃の温度帯域であり、これを起動する際には、一日以上の時間をかけて徐々に昇温させていた。また、高温型燃料電池は、メンテナンス等以外に停止させる必要がなく、停止にも長い時間をかけることができた。 A high-temperature fuel cell such as a solid oxide fuel cell has an operating temperature in the temperature range of about 600 to 1000 ° C., and when it is started, the temperature is gradually raised over a day or more. It was. In addition, the high-temperature fuel cell does not need to be stopped other than for maintenance, etc., and can be stopped for a long time.
　近年、家庭用システムの普及にあたり、ＤＳＳ（Daily Start and Stop）運転をするための方法が提案されている。ＤＳＳ運転では、一日一回起動停止を行う。この起動停止にかかる時間及びエネルギーを減少させるための提案がなされている（特許文献１）。 In recent years, a method for DSS (Daily Start and Stop) operation has been proposed with the spread of household systems. In DSS operation, start / stop is performed once a day. Proposals have been made to reduce the time and energy required for starting and stopping (Patent Document 1).
特開２００６－８６０１６号公報JP 2006-86016 A
　高温型燃料電池では、発電部内の温度分布が大きくなると、発電部内の材料が破損する虞がある。高温型燃料電池を起動する際、昇温に時間を要するのは、高温型燃料電池の発電部内の温度分布を大きくさせないためである。 In a high-temperature fuel cell, if the temperature distribution in the power generation unit becomes large, the material in the power generation unit may be damaged. The reason why it takes time to raise the temperature when starting the high-temperature fuel cell is to prevent the temperature distribution in the power generation section of the high-temperature fuel cell from becoming large.
　このように高温型燃料電池は、起動に長時間を要するため、高温型燃料電池システムを車載するための検討は、ほとんど行われていないのが現状である。高温型燃料電池システムを車載する場合には、起動時間を短くする必要があるが、起動のために大型のブロワ等を搭載することは、車室内の容積に限りがあるため困難である。 As described above, since a high-temperature fuel cell requires a long time to start up, there is almost no investigation for mounting a high-temperature fuel cell system on a vehicle. When the high-temperature fuel cell system is mounted on the vehicle, it is necessary to shorten the start-up time, but it is difficult to mount a large blower or the like for the start-up because the volume in the vehicle compartment is limited.
　一方、固体高分子膜型燃料電池システムにおいては、高温の燃焼ガスを得る起動燃焼器を備えたシステムが提案されているが、当該システムでは、起動燃焼器で得られた高温の燃焼ガスで改質器を昇温しているにすぎない。 On the other hand, in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system, a system including a startup combustor that obtains a high-temperature combustion gas has been proposed. In this system, the high-temperature combustion gas obtained by the startup combustor is modified. The temperature is only raised in the quality device.
　これに対して、固体酸化物型燃料電池システムを車載する場合には、特に高温で作動する固体酸化物型燃料電池本体を短時間で起動する必要があるために、起動燃焼器に空気を供給するための大型ブロワを搭載しなければならない。 On the other hand, when a solid oxide fuel cell system is mounted on the vehicle, air must be supplied to the startup combustor because it is necessary to start the solid oxide fuel cell main body operating at high temperatures in a short time. A large blower must be installed.
　本発明は、起動燃焼器に燃焼用ガスを供給するための大型ブロワを設けることなく小型化を図り、かつ、起動に要する時間を短くすることができる固体酸化物型燃料電池システム及びその運転方法を提供することを目的としている。 The present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell system capable of reducing the size without providing a large blower for supplying combustion gas to the startup combustor and shortening the time required for startup, and an operating method thereof. The purpose is to provide.
　本発明の一態様は、電解質膜と、該電解質膜の両側に積層したアノード極およびカソード極とを備え、アノード極およびカソード極にそれぞれアノードガスおよびカソードガスを流通させることにより発電を行う固体酸化物型燃料電池と、固体酸化物型燃料電池を昇温するための高温の燃焼ガスを生成する起動燃焼器と、カソード極に供給されるカソードガスを起動燃焼器に供給する起動用ガス供給部と、を備えた固体酸化物型燃料電池システムである。このシステムは、固体酸化物型燃料電池の温度が所定の温度以下になったか否かを判定する燃料電池温度判定部と、燃料電池温度判定部により固体酸化物型燃料電池の温度が所定の温度以下になったと判定された場合に、起動用ガス供給部によりカソード極に供給されるカソードガスを起動燃焼器に供給することで、再起動を行う再起動部と、を備える。 One embodiment of the present invention includes an electrolyte membrane and an anode electrode and a cathode electrode laminated on both sides of the electrolyte membrane, and solid oxide that generates power by flowing anode gas and cathode gas through the anode electrode and cathode electrode, respectively. A physical fuel cell, a start-up combustor that generates high-temperature combustion gas for raising the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell, and a start-up gas supply unit that supplies the start-up combustor with the cathode gas supplied to the cathode electrode And a solid oxide fuel cell system. This system includes a fuel cell temperature determination unit that determines whether or not the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell has become equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, and the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell is determined by the fuel cell temperature determination unit. And a restarting unit that restarts by supplying the cathode gas supplied to the cathode electrode by the startup gas supply unit to the startup combustor when it is determined that the following has occurred.
　本発明の他の態様は、上記固体酸化物型燃料電池の温度が所定の温度以下になったとき、カソード極に供給されるカソードガスを起動燃焼器に供給することで、再起動を行う固体酸化物型燃料電池システムの運転方法である。 According to another aspect of the present invention, when the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, the cathode gas supplied to the cathode electrode is supplied to the startup combustor to perform the restart. This is a method of operating an oxide fuel cell system.
図１は、本発明の第１実施形態に係る固体酸化物型燃料電池システムの構成を示す概略ブロック図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図２は、本発明の第１実施形態に係る固体酸化物型燃料電池システムの動作を示すフローチャートである。FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the operation of the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図３は、本発明の第２実施形態に係る固体酸化物型燃料電池システムの構成を示す概略ブロック図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 図４は、本発明の第２実施形態に係る固体酸化物型燃料電池システムの動作を示すフローチャートである。FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 図５は、本発明の第３実施形態に係る固体酸化物型燃料電池システムの構成を示す概略ブロック図である。FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
　＜第１実施形態＞
　以下に、本発明を実施するための形態について、図面を参照して説明する。図１は、本発明の第１実施形態に係る固体酸化物型燃料電池システムの構成を示す概略ブロック図である。
　本発明の第１実施形態に係る固体酸化物型燃料電池システムＡ１は、燃料ポンプ１０、蒸発器１１、起動燃焼器１２、ブロワ１３、切替弁１４、熱交換器１５、固体酸化物型燃料電池（以下、単に「燃料電池」という）２０、温度センサＴＳ１、バッテリ１６、及びコントローラ１００を有して構成されている。 <First Embodiment>
EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Below, the form for implementing this invention is demonstrated with reference to drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
A solid oxide fuel cell system A1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a fuel pump 10, an evaporator 11, a startup combustor 12, a blower 13, a switching valve 14, a heat exchanger 15, and a solid oxide fuel cell. (Hereinafter simply referred to as “fuel cell”) 20, a temperature sensor TS1, a battery 16, and a controller 100.
　燃料電池２０は、互いに積層された複数のセル２４をケース２５内に収容して構成されている。各セル２４は、電解質膜２３と、その両側に各々設けられたアノード極２１とカソード極２２とから構成されている。電解質膜２３と、その両側に設けられたアノード極２１とカソード極２２燃料電池２０は、各セル２４のアノード極２１とカソード極２２とに、アノードガス（水素含有ガス）とカソードガス（酸素含有ガス）とを互いに分離して流通させることにより発電を行う。本実施形態では、「水素含有ガス」を燃料ガス、また、「酸素含有ガス」を空気として説明する。 The fuel cell 20 is configured by housing a plurality of cells 24 stacked on each other in a case 25. Each cell 24 includes an electrolyte membrane 23 and an anode electrode 21 and a cathode electrode 22 provided on both sides thereof. The electrolyte membrane 23 and the anode 21 and cathode 22 provided on both sides of the fuel cell 20 include an anode gas (hydrogen-containing gas) and a cathode gas (oxygen-containing) on the anode 21 and cathode 22 of each cell 24. Gas) is separated and circulated. In the present embodiment, “hydrogen-containing gas” is described as fuel gas, and “oxygen-containing gas” is described as air.
　「燃料ガス」は、特に限定されないが、エタン、ブタン、天然ガス等を用いることができる。特に、自動車等に搭載される車載用の固体酸化物型燃料電池システムにおいては、エタノール、ブタノール等のアルコール、ガソリン、軽油若しくは軽質油等の液体燃料を用いることができる。 The “fuel gas” is not particularly limited, and ethane, butane, natural gas, or the like can be used. In particular, in an in-vehicle solid oxide fuel cell system mounted on an automobile or the like, an alcohol such as ethanol or butanol, or a liquid fuel such as gasoline, light oil or light oil can be used.
　燃料ポンプ１０は、燃料電池２０の発電に必要な燃料を燃料蒸発器１１に供給する。燃料ポンプ１０と蒸発器１１とは、それらの間に設けられた供給パイプ１０ａによって接続されている。燃料ポンプ１０は、コントローラ１００の出力ポート側に接続されて、コントローラ１００からの指令によって適宜駆動されるようになっている。 The fuel pump 10 supplies fuel necessary for power generation of the fuel cell 20 to the fuel evaporator 11. The fuel pump 10 and the evaporator 11 are connected by a supply pipe 10a provided between them. The fuel pump 10 is connected to the output port side of the controller 100 and is appropriately driven according to a command from the controller 100.
　蒸発器１１は、燃料ポンプ１０によって供給された燃料を蒸気化して燃料ガスを得る。蒸発器１１は、供給パイプ１１ａを介して起動燃焼器１２に接続されている。 The evaporator 11 vaporizes the fuel supplied by the fuel pump 10 to obtain fuel gas. The evaporator 11 is connected to the startup combustor 12 through a supply pipe 11a.
　空気ブロワ１３は、燃料電池２０の発電に必要な空気を切替弁１４に供給する。空気ブロワ１３は、供給パイプ１３ａを介して切替弁１４に接続されている。空気ブロワ１３は、コントローラ１００の出力ポート側に接続されて、コントローラ１００からの指令によって適宜駆動されるようになっている。 The air blower 13 supplies air necessary for power generation of the fuel cell 20 to the switching valve 14. The air blower 13 is connected to the switching valve 14 via the supply pipe 13a. The air blower 13 is connected to the output port side of the controller 100 and is appropriately driven according to a command from the controller 100.
　切替弁１４は、空気ブロワ１３からの空気の供給先を熱交換器１５又は起動燃焼器１２に切り替える。切替弁１４は、供給パイプ１４ａを介して起動燃焼器１２の入口に接続され、また、供給パイプ１４ｂを介して熱交換器１５の一方の入口に接続されている。切替弁１４は、コントローラ１００の出力ポート側に接続されて、コントローラ１００からの指令によって適宜切替え駆動されるようになっている。 The switching valve 14 switches the air supply destination from the air blower 13 to the heat exchanger 15 or the startup combustor 12. The switching valve 14 is connected to the inlet of the startup combustor 12 via the supply pipe 14a, and is connected to one inlet of the heat exchanger 15 via the supply pipe 14b. The switching valve 14 is connected to the output port side of the controller 100 and is appropriately switched and driven by a command from the controller 100.
　本実施形態においては、空気ブロワ１３と切替弁１４とが、カソード極２２に供給されるカソードガスを起動燃焼器１２に供給するための起動用ガス供給部Ｂ１を構成している。 In the present embodiment, the air blower 13 and the switching valve 14 constitute a starting gas supply unit B1 for supplying the cathode gas supplied to the cathode electrode 22 to the starting combustor 12.
　起動燃焼器１２は、高温の燃焼ガスを生成する。起動燃焼器１２の出口は、供給パイプ１２ａを介して供給パイプ１４ｂに接続されている。起動燃焼器１２で生成された高温の燃焼ガスは、熱交換器１５を介して燃料電池２０に供給される。 The startup combustor 12 generates high-temperature combustion gas. The outlet of the startup combustor 12 is connected to the supply pipe 14b through the supply pipe 12a. The high-temperature combustion gas generated by the startup combustor 12 is supplied to the fuel cell 20 via the heat exchanger 15.
　熱交換器１５は、燃料電池２０のアノード極２１から排出された排ガスと、カソード極２２に供給されるカソードガスとの間で熱交換を行う。熱交換器１５の一方の出口は、供給パイプ１５ａを介して燃料電池２０のカソード極２２の入口に接続されている。熱交換器１５の他方の入口は、供給パイプ１５ｂを介して燃料電池２０のアノード極２１の出口に接続されている。 The heat exchanger 15 exchanges heat between the exhaust gas discharged from the anode 21 of the fuel cell 20 and the cathode gas supplied to the cathode 22. One outlet of the heat exchanger 15 is connected to the inlet of the cathode electrode 22 of the fuel cell 20 through a supply pipe 15a. The other inlet of the heat exchanger 15 is connected to the outlet of the anode 21 of the fuel cell 20 via the supply pipe 15b.
　カソード極２２の出口には、排出パイプ２２ａが接続されている。カソード極２２から排出された排気ガスは、排出パイプ２２ａを通じて外部に排出される。また、アノード極２１の入口には、燃料ガスを供給するための供給パイプ２２ｂが接続されている。アノード極２１には、供給パイプ２２ｂを通じて燃料ガスが供給される。 A discharge pipe 22 a is connected to the outlet of the cathode electrode 22. The exhaust gas discharged from the cathode electrode 22 is discharged to the outside through the discharge pipe 22a. A supply pipe 22b for supplying fuel gas is connected to the inlet of the anode 21. Fuel gas is supplied to the anode 21 through the supply pipe 22b.
　温度センサＴＳ１は、排出パイプ２２ａに配設され、カソード極２２から排出される排ガスの温度を測定する。温度センサＴＳ１は、コントローラ１００の入力ポート側に接続されて、排気ガスの温度、従ってまた、燃料電池２０の温度を測定できるようになっている。なお、温度センサＴＳ１の設置位置は、排出パイプ２２ａに限らず、燃料電池２０の温度を測定できる場所であれば、どこに配設してもよい。 The temperature sensor TS1 is disposed in the discharge pipe 22a and measures the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the cathode electrode 22. The temperature sensor TS1 is connected to the input port side of the controller 100, and can measure the temperature of the exhaust gas and hence the temperature of the fuel cell 20. Note that the installation position of the temperature sensor TS1 is not limited to the discharge pipe 22a, and may be disposed anywhere as long as the temperature of the fuel cell 20 can be measured.
　バッテリ１６は、後述する再起動を行ったときに発電される電力を充電する。バッテリ１６は、燃料電池２０に接続されている。 The battery 16 is charged with electric power generated when restarting described later. The battery 16 is connected to the fuel cell 20.
　コントローラ１００は、図示しないＣＰＵ（Central Processing Unit）や、ハードディスク、半導体メモリ等からなる記憶部を有している。コントローラ１００は、記憶部に記憶されている本システムに用いる所要のプログラムの実行により、下記の各機能を発揮する。 The controller 100 has a storage unit including a CPU (Central Processing Unit) (not shown), a hard disk, a semiconductor memory, and the like. The controller 100 exhibits the following functions by executing required programs used in the present system stored in the storage unit.
（１）燃料電池温度判定部１０１として、温度センサＴＳ１により測定した燃料電池２０の温度が所定の温度Ｔｆ以下になったか否かを判定する機能。
（２）燃料電池温度判定部１０１によって燃料電池２０の温度が所定の温度Ｔｆ以下になったと判定された場合に、再起動部１０２として、燃料電池２０の再起動を行う機能。
（３）発電可能温度判定部１０３として、燃料電池２０の発電部の温度が発電可能温度Ｔｓ以上になったか否かを判定する機能。
（４）発電可能温度判定部１０３によって燃料電池２０の発電部の温度が発電可能温度Ｔｓ以上になったと判定されたときに、起動用ガス供給停止部１０４として、起動燃焼器１２への燃料ガスおよび空気の供給を停止する機能。 (1) A function of determining whether or not the temperature of the fuel cell 20 measured by the temperature sensor TS1 has become equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature Tf as the fuel cell temperature determination unit 101.
(2) A function of restarting the fuel cell 20 as the restarting unit 102 when the fuel cell temperature determining unit 101 determines that the temperature of the fuel cell 20 has become equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature Tf.
(3) A function for determining whether the temperature of the power generation unit of the fuel cell 20 is equal to or higher than the power generation possible temperature Ts as the power generation possible temperature determination unit 103.
(4) When the power generation possible temperature determination unit 103 determines that the temperature of the power generation unit of the fuel cell 20 is equal to or higher than the power generation possible temperature Ts, the fuel gas to the startup combustor 12 is used as the startup gas supply stop unit 104 And the ability to stop air supply.
　上記「再起動」は、起動燃焼器１２に空気と燃料ガスを同時に供給することにより行う。本実施形態では、起動燃焼器１２への空気の供給は、空気ブロワ１３からの空気の供給先を切替弁１４で起動燃焼器１２に切り替えることで行っている。従って、本実施形態によれば、起動燃焼器１２に空気を供給するための別の大型ブロワを設ける必要がない。 The above “restart” is performed by supplying air and fuel gas to the start-up combustor 12 at the same time. In the present embodiment, the supply of air to the startup combustor 12 is performed by switching the supply destination of air from the air blower 13 to the startup combustor 12 by the switching valve 14. Therefore, according to this embodiment, it is not necessary to provide another large-sized blower for supplying air to the startup combustor 12.
　また、所定の温度（再起動温度）Ｔｆとは、カソード極２２に供給される空気によって、燃料電池２０を所定時間Ｔｄ内に再起動できる温度（つまり、再起動の開始から終了までの時間を所定時間Ｔｄ内に収めることができる温度）をいう。具体的には、所定の温度Ｔｆは、例えば４００℃～５００℃であり、空気ブロワ１３の能力、暖める必要がある部位の熱容量等によって変動する。 The predetermined temperature (restart temperature) Tf is a temperature at which the fuel cell 20 can be restarted within a predetermined time Td by the air supplied to the cathode electrode 22 (that is, the time from the start to the end of restart). Temperature which can be kept within a predetermined time Td). Specifically, the predetermined temperature Tf is, for example, 400 ° C. to 500 ° C., and varies depending on the capacity of the air blower 13, the heat capacity of the part that needs to be heated, and the like.
　空気ブロワ１３は、定格発電時を想定して選定されているため、空気ブロワ１３によって供給される空気の温度を、常温から６００℃以上の高温まで昇温するには長時間を有する。本実施形態では、所定の温度Ｔｆを４００℃に設定し、燃料電池２０の温度が４００℃以下になったら再起動を開始している。これにより、常温からの再起動と比較して、起動時間を１／５に減らすことができる。 Since the air blower 13 is selected assuming rated power generation, it takes a long time to raise the temperature of the air supplied by the air blower 13 from room temperature to a high temperature of 600 ° C. or higher. In the present embodiment, the predetermined temperature Tf is set to 400 ° C., and the restart is started when the temperature of the fuel cell 20 becomes 400 ° C. or lower. Thereby, compared with restart from normal temperature, start time can be reduced to 1/5.
　なお、再起動温度Ｔｆを発電時の発電部の温度の６０%以上に設定した場合は、より速やかに再起動を行うことが可能となる。また、再起動温度Ｔｆを発電時の発電部の温度の７５%以上に設定した場合には、さらに短時間で再起動することが可能になる。具体的には、再起動温度Ｔｆを発電時の発電部の温度の６０％以上に設定した場合の１／２以下の時間で再起動することが可能になる。さらに、再起動温度Ｔｆを高く設定するほど、発電部の温度分布が生じにくいので、より急速な加熱が可能となり、さらに起動時間を短くすることができる。 In addition, when the restart temperature Tf is set to 60% or more of the temperature of the power generation unit during power generation, it becomes possible to restart more quickly. In addition, when the restart temperature Tf is set to 75% or more of the temperature of the power generation unit during power generation, it is possible to restart in a shorter time. Specifically, it is possible to restart in a time of 1/2 or less when the restart temperature Tf is set to 60% or more of the temperature of the power generation unit during power generation. Furthermore, as the restart temperature Tf is set higher, the temperature distribution of the power generation section is less likely to occur, so that more rapid heating is possible and the startup time can be further shortened.
　ここで、再起動温度Ｔｆを決める際の基準となる所定時間Ｔｄは、バッテリ１６の容量と車両システム側からの要求値とから決定される。従って、例えば、バッテリ１６の容量が十分にあり、起動に２０分程度かけられるのであれば、再起動開始に必要な温度は比較的低温となる。一方、バッテリ１６の容量が十分になく、起動に例えば１分しかかけられない場合には、再起動開始に必要な温度は、比較的発電時の温度に近い温度となる。車載システムに適用することを考えた場合、再起動に要する時間は短い方が望ましいが、バッテリ１６の容量に余裕がある場合には、適宜、再起動温度Ｔｆを変更してもよい。 Here, the predetermined time Td that serves as a reference when determining the restart temperature Tf is determined from the capacity of the battery 16 and the required value from the vehicle system side. Therefore, for example, if the capacity of the battery 16 is sufficient and it takes about 20 minutes to start up, the temperature required to start the restart is relatively low. On the other hand, when the capacity of the battery 16 is not sufficient and the start-up can take only one minute, for example, the temperature necessary for starting the restart is relatively close to the temperature at the time of power generation. When considering application to an in-vehicle system, it is desirable that the time required for restarting is shorter, but when the capacity of the battery 16 is sufficient, the restarting temperature Tf may be appropriately changed.
　また、再起動を行う間、燃料電池２０の発電部では発電が行われる。ここで発電した電力は、バッテリ１６に充電しておくことにより、次の再起動の際に使用することが可能となる。 Further, during the restart, the power generation unit of the fuel cell 20 generates power. The power generated here can be used in the next restart by charging the battery 16.
　バッテリ１６が満充電されており、それ以上充電できない場合には、充電された電力を、例えば、本システムの保温、エアコンの清掃、車内空気清浄化、排気浄化触媒の再生（ＤＰＦ再生、Ｓ被毒解除）、改質触媒の再生等車両内の電力として使用することができる。また、電気受容体が近くにある場合には、その受容体に電力を供給してもよい。例えば、自宅の車庫に駐車している場合には、家庭内の電力消費に使用できる。 If the battery 16 is fully charged and cannot be charged any more, the charged power can be used, for example, for keeping the system warm, cleaning the air conditioner, purifying the vehicle interior, regenerating the exhaust purification catalyst (DPF regeneration, S coverage). It can be used as electric power in the vehicle such as detoxification and regeneration of the reforming catalyst. Moreover, when an electroreceptor is nearby, electric power may be supplied to the acceptor. For example, when parked in a garage at home, it can be used for domestic power consumption.
　燃料電池システムＡ１の動作について、図２を参照して説明する。図２は、燃料電池システムＡ１の動作を示すフローチャートである。 The operation of the fuel cell system A1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the operation of the fuel cell system A1.
　まず、ステップＳ１において、コントローラ１００は、温度センサＴＳ１によって燃料電池２０のカソード極２２から排出された空気の温度、すなわち、燃料電池Ａ１の温度を測定する。 First, in step S1, the controller 100 measures the temperature of the air discharged from the cathode electrode 22 of the fuel cell 20 by the temperature sensor TS1, that is, the temperature of the fuel cell A1.
　続くステップＳ２では、コントローラ１００は、温度センサＴＳ１により測定した温度が所定の温度Ｔｆ以下になったか否かを判定する。ステップＳ２で、所定の温度Ｔｆ以下になったと判定されれば、コントローラ１００は、ステップＳ３に処理を進め、所定の温度Ｔｆより高いと判定されれば、ステップＳ２の処理を繰り返す。 In subsequent step S2, the controller 100 determines whether or not the temperature measured by the temperature sensor TS1 has become equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature Tf. If it is determined in step S2 that the temperature has become equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature Tf, the controller 100 proceeds to step S3. If it is determined that the temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature Tf, the process in step S2 is repeated.
　続くステップＳ３では、コントローラ１００は、カソード極２２に向けて供給される空気が起動燃焼器１２に供給されるように切替弁１４を切り替えるとともに、起動燃焼器１２に燃料ガスを供給する。これにより、コントローラ１００は、ステップＳ４において、起動燃焼器１２で生成した高温の燃焼ガスを燃料電池２０のカソード極２２に供給する。 In the subsequent step S <b> 3, the controller 100 switches the switching valve 14 so that the air supplied toward the cathode electrode 22 is supplied to the startup combustor 12 and supplies fuel gas to the startup combustor 12. Thereby, the controller 100 supplies the high temperature combustion gas produced | generated by the starting combustor 12 to the cathode electrode 22 of the fuel cell 20 in step S4.
　このように起動燃焼器１２に燃料ガスおよび空気を供給することによって高温の燃焼ガスを生成し、生成した高温の燃焼ガスを燃料電池２０のカソード極２２に供給することにより、燃料電池２０本体を昇温できる。 Thus, by supplying the fuel gas and air to the startup combustor 12, a high-temperature combustion gas is generated, and the generated high-temperature combustion gas is supplied to the cathode electrode 22 of the fuel cell 20, thereby The temperature can be raised.
　ステップＳ５では、コントローラ１００は、燃料ガスをアノード極２１に供給する。
　続くステップＳ６では、コントローラ１００は、燃料電池２０、従ってまた、発電部の温度が発電可能温度Ｔｓ以上になったか否かを判定する。ステップＳ６で、発電可能温度Ｔｓ以上になったと判定されれば、コントローラ１００は、ステップＳ７に処理を進め、発電可能温度Ｔｓより低いと判定されれば、ステップＳ６の処理を繰り返す。 In step S <b> 5, the controller 100 supplies fuel gas to the anode 21.
In the subsequent step S6, the controller 100 determines whether or not the temperature of the fuel cell 20, and thus the power generation unit, is equal to or higher than the power generation possible temperature Ts. If it is determined in step S6 that the temperature is equal to or higher than the power generation possible temperature Ts, the controller 100 proceeds to step S7. If it is determined that the temperature is lower than the power generation possible temperature Ts, the process in step S6 is repeated.
　ステップＳ７では、コントローラ１００は、起動燃焼器１２への燃料ガスおよび空気の供給を停止する。続くステップＳ８では、コントローラ１００は、燃料ガスがアノード極２１に供給されているか否かを判定する。供給されていると判定されれば、処理をステップＳ９に進めて発電を開始し、供給されていないと判定されれば、ステップＳ８を繰り返す。 In step S7, the controller 100 stops the supply of fuel gas and air to the startup combustor 12. In subsequent step S <b> 8, the controller 100 determines whether or not fuel gas is supplied to the anode 21. If it is determined that the power is supplied, the process proceeds to step S9 to start power generation. If it is determined that the power is not supplied, step S8 is repeated.
　＜第２実施形態＞
　次に、本発明の第２実施形態に係る固体酸化物型燃料電池システムについて説明する。図３は、本発明の第２実施形態に係る固体酸化物型燃料電池システムの構成を示す概略ブロック図である。なお、上述した実施形態において説明したものと同等のものについては、それらと同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。 Second Embodiment
Next, a solid oxide fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In addition, about the thing equivalent to what was demonstrated in embodiment mentioned above, the code | symbol same as them is attached | subjected and description is abbreviate | omitted.
　本発明の第２実施形態に係る固体酸化物型燃料電池システムＡ２は、上記燃料電池システムＡ１の構成に加え、改質器３０、加熱器３１、温度センサＴＳ２、蒸発器３２、燃料ポンプ３３及び水ポンプ３４を備えている。 In addition to the configuration of the fuel cell system A1, the solid oxide fuel cell system A2 according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a reformer 30, a heater 31, a temperature sensor TS2, an evaporator 32, a fuel pump 33, and A water pump 34 is provided.
　改質器３０は、水素製造用原料を改質して水素を含む改質燃料ガスを製造するための改質触媒を備えている。改質器３０は、供給パイプ２２ｂを介してアノード極２１の入口に接続されている。 The reformer 30 includes a reforming catalyst for reforming a raw material for hydrogen production to produce a reformed fuel gas containing hydrogen. The reformer 30 is connected to the inlet of the anode 21 via the supply pipe 22b.
　温度センサＴＳ２は、供給パイプ２２ｂに配設され、改質器３０から供給される改質燃料ガスの温度を測定する。温度センサＴＳ２は、コントローラ１００の入力ポート側に接続されて、改質器３０から供給される改質燃料ガスの温度、従ってまた、改質器３０の温度を測定できるようになっている。 The temperature sensor TS2 is disposed in the supply pipe 22b and measures the temperature of the reformed fuel gas supplied from the reformer 30. The temperature sensor TS2 is connected to the input port side of the controller 100, and can measure the temperature of the reformed fuel gas supplied from the reformer 30, and thus the temperature of the reformer 30.
　加熱器３１は、改質器３０に併設されて改質器３０を加熱する。加熱器３１の入口は、排出パイプ２２ａを介して、カソード極２２の出口に接続されている。 The heater 31 is attached to the reformer 30 and heats the reformer 30. The inlet of the heater 31 is connected to the outlet of the cathode electrode 22 through the discharge pipe 22a.
　蒸発器３２は、供給パイプ３３ａを介して燃料ポンプ３３に接続されるとともに、供給パイプ３４ａを介して水ポンプ３４に接続されている。また、蒸発器３２は、供給パイプ３２ａを介して混合器４３に接続されている。燃料ポンプ３３および水ポンプ３４は、それぞれコントローラ１００の出力ポート側に接続されて、コントローラ１００からの指令によって適宜駆動されるようになっている。これにより、蒸発器３２は、燃料ポンプ３３から供給された燃料を蒸気化して燃料ガスを得るとともに、水ポンプ３４から供給された水を蒸気化する。 The evaporator 32 is connected to the fuel pump 33 via the supply pipe 33a and is connected to the water pump 34 via the supply pipe 34a. The evaporator 32 is connected to the mixer 43 via a supply pipe 32a. The fuel pump 33 and the water pump 34 are respectively connected to the output port side of the controller 100 and are appropriately driven according to commands from the controller 100. Thereby, the evaporator 32 evaporates the fuel supplied from the fuel pump 33 to obtain fuel gas, and also evaporates the water supplied from the water pump 34.
　本実施形態においては、蒸発器３２、燃料ポンプ３３及び水ポンプ３４により、改質器３０に水素含有ガスおよび酸素含有ガスを供給する改質器ガス供給部Ｂ２を構成している。 In this embodiment, the evaporator 32, the fuel pump 33, and the water pump 34 constitute a reformer gas supply unit B2 that supplies a hydrogen-containing gas and an oxygen-containing gas to the reformer 30.
　本実施形態におけるコントローラ１００は、上記（１）～（４）の機能とともに下記の各機能を有している。
（５）改質器温度測定部１０５として、温度センサＴＳ２によって改質器３０の温度を測定する機能。
（６）改質器温度判定部１０６として、改質器３０の温度が所定の温度Ｔｒになったか否かを判定する機能。 The controller 100 in the present embodiment has the following functions in addition to the functions (1) to (4).
(5) A function of measuring the temperature of the reformer 30 by the temperature sensor TS2 as the reformer temperature measuring unit 105.
(6) A function for determining whether or not the temperature of the reformer 30 has reached a predetermined temperature Tr as the reformer temperature determination unit 106.
　一般的に、改質触媒上に燃料ガスおよび空気を供給して酸化反応により水素含有ガスを得るためには、３００℃以上の温度が必要であるといわれている。そのため、改質触媒の温度が３００℃以上であることを確認した後に、改質器３０に燃料ガス及び空気を供給するのが望ましい。本実施形態では、所定の温度Ｔｒを約３００℃に設定している。改質器３０の温度が所定の温度Ｔｒ以上になっていないと、未反応の燃料や酸素がアノード極２１に供給され、アノード極２１に影響を与える可能性がある。 Generally, it is said that a temperature of 300 ° C. or higher is required to obtain a hydrogen-containing gas by an oxidation reaction by supplying fuel gas and air onto a reforming catalyst. Therefore, it is desirable to supply fuel gas and air to the reformer 30 after confirming that the temperature of the reforming catalyst is 300 ° C. or higher. In the present embodiment, the predetermined temperature Tr is set to about 300 ° C. If the temperature of the reformer 30 is not equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature Tr, unreacted fuel and oxygen may be supplied to the anode electrode 21 and may affect the anode electrode 21.
　燃料電池システムＡ２の動作について、図４を参照して説明する。図４は、燃料電池システムＡ２の動作を示すフローチャートである。 The operation of the fuel cell system A2 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of the fuel cell system A2.
　まず、ステップＳ１１において、コントローラ１００は、温度センサＴＳ１によって燃料電池２０のカソード極２２から排出された空気の温度、すなわち、燃料電池Ａ２の温度を測定する。 First, in step S11, the controller 100 measures the temperature of the air discharged from the cathode electrode 22 of the fuel cell 20 by the temperature sensor TS1, that is, the temperature of the fuel cell A2.
　続くステップＳ１２では、コントローラ１００は、温度センサＴＳ１により測定した温度が所定の温度Ｔｆ以下になったか否かを判定する。ステップＳ１２で、所定の温度Ｔｆ以下になったと判定されれば、コントローラ１００は、処理をステップＳ１３に進め、所定の温度Ｔｆより高いと判定されれば、ステップＳ１２の処理を繰り返す。 In subsequent step S12, the controller 100 determines whether or not the temperature measured by the temperature sensor TS1 has become equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature Tf. If it is determined in step S12 that the temperature has become equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature Tf, the controller 100 proceeds to step S13. If it is determined that the temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature Tf, the controller 100 repeats the process in step S12.
　ステップＳ１３では、コントローラ１００は、カソード極２２に向けて供給される空気が起動燃焼器１２に流通するように切替弁１４を切り替えるとともに、その起動燃焼器１２に燃料ガスを供給する。これにより、コントローラ１００は、ステップＳ１４において、起動燃焼器１２で生成した高温の燃焼ガスを燃料電池２０のカソード極２２に供給する。 In step S <b> 13, the controller 100 switches the switching valve 14 so that the air supplied toward the cathode electrode 22 flows to the startup combustor 12 and supplies fuel gas to the startup combustor 12. Thereby, the controller 100 supplies the high temperature combustion gas produced | generated by the starting combustor 12 to the cathode electrode 22 of the fuel cell 20 in step S14.
　このように起動燃焼器１２に燃料ガスおよび空気を供給することによって高温の燃焼ガスを生成し、生成した高温の燃焼ガスを燃料電池２０のカソード極２２に供給することにより、燃料電池２０本体を昇温できる。 Thus, by supplying the fuel gas and air to the startup combustor 12, a high-temperature combustion gas is generated, and the generated high-temperature combustion gas is supplied to the cathode electrode 22 of the fuel cell 20, thereby The temperature can be raised.
　ステップＳ１５では、コントローラ１００は、カソード極２２から排出された排ガスを加熱器３１に供給することにより、改質器３０を昇温させる。 In step S15, the controller 100 raises the temperature of the reformer 30 by supplying the exhaust gas discharged from the cathode electrode 22 to the heater 31.
　続くステップＳ１６では、コントローラ１００は、温度センサＴＳ２によって改質器３０の温度を測定し、測定した温度が３００℃以上になったか否かを判定する。ステップＳ１６で、３００℃以上になったと判定されれば、コントローラ１００は、ステップＳ１７に処理を進め、３００℃より低いと判定されれば、ステップＳ１５に処理を戻す。 In subsequent step S16, the controller 100 measures the temperature of the reformer 30 with the temperature sensor TS2, and determines whether or not the measured temperature has reached 300 ° C. or higher. If it is determined in step S16 that the temperature is 300 ° C. or higher, the controller 100 proceeds to step S17, and if it is determined that the temperature is lower than 300 ° C., the process returns to step S15.
　続くステップＳ１７では、コントローラ１００は、改質器３０に燃料ガスおよび空気を供給し、続くステップＳ１８では、コントローラ１００は、改質燃料ガスをアノード極２１に供給する。このように、改質器３０で得られた改質燃料ガスをアノード極２１に供給することにより、燃料電池２０をカソード極２２とアノード極２１の両側から加熱することができる。これにより、温度分布を小さくできるとともに起動時間を短くすることができる。 In the subsequent step S17, the controller 100 supplies fuel gas and air to the reformer 30, and in the subsequent step S18, the controller 100 supplies the reformed fuel gas to the anode 21. Thus, the fuel cell 20 can be heated from both sides of the cathode electrode 22 and the anode electrode 21 by supplying the reformed fuel gas obtained by the reformer 30 to the anode electrode 21. Thereby, the temperature distribution can be reduced and the startup time can be shortened.
　続くステップＳ１９では、コントローラ１００は、燃料電池２０、従ってまた、発電部の温度が発電可能温度Ｔｓ以上になったか否かを判定する。ステップＳ１９で、発電部の温度が発電可能温度Ｔｓ以上になったと判定されれば、コントローラ１００は、ステップＳ２０に処理を進め、発電可能温度Ｔｓより低いと判定されれば、ステップＳ１８に処理を戻す。 In subsequent step S19, the controller 100 determines whether or not the temperature of the fuel cell 20, and hence the power generation unit, is equal to or higher than the power generation possible temperature Ts. If it is determined in step S19 that the temperature of the power generation unit has become equal to or higher than the power generation possible temperature Ts, the controller 100 proceeds to step S20. If it is determined that the temperature is lower than the power generation possible temperature Ts, the process proceeds to step S18. return.
　ステップＳ２０では、コントローラ１００は、起動燃焼器１２への高温の燃焼ガスおよび空気の供給を停止し、続くステップＳ２１で、改質器３０に水蒸気を供給する。
　すなわち、燃料電池２０が発電可能な温度になったら、起動燃焼器１２への燃料ガスおよび空気の供給を停止し、通常運転に移行する。その際、改質器３０には、水蒸気も供給して空気供給量を減らし、主に水蒸気改質反応による水素含有ガスの生成が行われるようにする。水素含有ガスの生成が確認されたら、これをアノード極２１に供給、発電することにより再起動が完了する。 In step S20, the controller 100 stops the supply of high-temperature combustion gas and air to the startup combustor 12, and in the subsequent step S21, supplies steam to the reformer 30.
That is, when the fuel cell 20 reaches a temperature at which power can be generated, the supply of fuel gas and air to the startup combustor 12 is stopped, and the normal operation is started. At that time, steam is also supplied to the reformer 30 to reduce the air supply amount so that the hydrogen-containing gas is mainly generated by the steam reforming reaction. When the generation of the hydrogen-containing gas is confirmed, this is supplied to the anode 21 and power generation is performed, whereby the restart is completed.
　ステップＳ２２では、コントローラ１００は、燃料ガスがアノード極２１に供給されているか否かを判定する。供給されていると判定されれば、処理をステップＳ２３に進めて発電を開始し、供給されていないと判定されれば、ステップＳ２２を繰り返す。 In step S22, the controller 100 determines whether or not the fuel gas is supplied to the anode 21. If it determines with being supplied, a process will be advanced to step S23, and electric power generation will be started, and if it determines with not being supplied, step S22 will be repeated.
　本実施形態に係る燃料電池システムＡ２によれば、上記第１実施形態で述べた効果と同様の効果に加え、次の効果を得ることができる。
・改質器３０で得られた改質燃料ガスを燃料ガスとして発電に用いることができる。
・起動燃焼器１２に供給する空気が、起動用ガス供給部Ｂ１の一部をなすブロワ１３から供給されるので、別の大型ブロワを搭載することなく、短時間に再起動可能なシステムを提供することができる。
・改質器３０を備えているので、液体燃料を供給することによって発電可能となるため、航続運転距離を長くとることができ、これまでの水素燃料電池車や電気自動車よりも優位に立つことができる。
・再起動の際、起動燃焼器１２による燃料電池のカソード極２２側の加熱に加え、改質器３０に燃料ガスおよび空気を供給し、酸化反応を利用して得た水素含有ガスで燃料電池のアノード極２１側からも加熱が可能になるため、より短時間での起動が可能となる。 According to the fuel cell system A2 according to the present embodiment, in addition to the same effects as those described in the first embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
The reformed fuel gas obtained by the reformer 30 can be used for power generation as a fuel gas.
-Since the air supplied to the start-up combustor 12 is supplied from the blower 13 that forms part of the start-up gas supply unit B1, a system that can be restarted in a short time without installing another large blower is provided. can do.
・ Because the reformer 30 is provided, it is possible to generate electricity by supplying liquid fuel, so the cruising range can be increased, and it is superior to conventional hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and electric vehicles. Can do.
At the time of restart, in addition to the heating of the cathode 22 side of the fuel cell by the startup combustor 12, the fuel cell is supplied with the hydrogen-containing gas obtained by supplying fuel gas and air to the reformer 30 and utilizing the oxidation reaction Since heating can also be performed from the anode electrode 21 side, activation in a shorter time is possible.
　本実施形態では、所定の温度Ｔｆを５００℃に設定し、燃料電池２０の温度が５００℃以下になったら再起動を開始している。これにより、常温からの再起動と比較して、起動時間を１／１０に減らすことができる。 In the present embodiment, the predetermined temperature Tf is set to 500 ° C., and the restart is started when the temperature of the fuel cell 20 becomes 500 ° C. or lower. Thereby, compared with restart from normal temperature, start time can be reduced to 1/10.
　＜第３実施形態＞
　次に、本発明の第３実施形態に係る固体酸化物型燃料電池システムについて説明する。図５は、本発明の第３実施形態に係る固体酸化物型燃料電池システムの構成を示す概略ブロック図である。なお、上述した実施形態において説明したものと同等のものについては、それらと同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。 <Third Embodiment>
Next, a solid oxide fuel cell system according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In addition, about the thing equivalent to what was demonstrated in embodiment mentioned above, the code | symbol same as them is attached | subjected and description is abbreviate | omitted.
　本発明の第３実施形態に係る固体酸化物型燃料電池システムＡ３は、上記燃料電池システムＡ２の構成に加え、アノード排ガス循環部Ｄを備えている。　
　アノード排ガス循環部Ｄは、アノード極２１の出口と混合器４３との間を接続する循環パイプ４１ｂと、混合器４３と熱交換器４４との間を接続した循環パイプ４３ａと、循環パイプ４１ｂの排ガス流通方向の上流側に配設したブロワ４０と、循環パイプ４１ｂのブロワ４０の下流側に配設した三方弁４１とを備えている。なお、ブロワ４０および三方弁４１は、コントローラ１００の出力ポート側に接続されて、コントローラ１００からの指令によって適宜駆動されるようになっている。 The solid oxide fuel cell system A3 according to the third embodiment of the present invention includes an anode exhaust gas circulation section D in addition to the configuration of the fuel cell system A2.
The anode exhaust gas circulation section D includes a circulation pipe 41b that connects the outlet of the anode 21 and the mixer 43, a circulation pipe 43a that connects the mixer 43 and the heat exchanger 44, and a circulation pipe 41b. A blower 40 disposed upstream of the exhaust gas distribution direction and a three-way valve 41 disposed downstream of the blower 40 of the circulation pipe 41b are provided. The blower 40 and the three-way valve 41 are connected to the output port side of the controller 100 and are appropriately driven by commands from the controller 100.
　三方弁４１は、供給パイプ４１ａを介してカソード極２２からの排出パイプ２２ａに接続されている。排出パイプ２２ａには、三方弁４２が配設されている。三方弁４２は、供給パイプ４２ａを介して蒸発器３２に接続されている。これにより、カソード極２２から排出された排気ガスを、供給パイプ４２ａを介して蒸発器３２に供給し、供給パイプ３３ａを介して蒸発器３２に供給された燃料を加熱昇温できるようにしている。なお、三方弁４２は、コントローラ１００の出力ポート側に接続されて、コントローラ１００からの指令によって適宜駆動されるようになっている。 The three-way valve 41 is connected to the discharge pipe 22a from the cathode electrode 22 through the supply pipe 41a. A three-way valve 42 is disposed in the discharge pipe 22a. The three-way valve 42 is connected to the evaporator 32 via a supply pipe 42a. As a result, the exhaust gas discharged from the cathode electrode 22 is supplied to the evaporator 32 via the supply pipe 42a, and the fuel supplied to the evaporator 32 via the supply pipe 33a can be heated and heated. . The three-way valve 42 is connected to the output port side of the controller 100 and is appropriately driven by a command from the controller 100.
　熱交換器４４は、改質器３０と加熱器３１に併設されており、循環パイプ４３ａを通じて混合器４３から供給される水素含有ガスを加熱昇温できるようにしている。 The heat exchanger 44 is provided in the reformer 30 and the heater 31 so that the hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the mixer 43 can be heated and heated through the circulation pipe 43a.
　混合器４３には、供給パイプ４３ｂが接続されている。供給パイプ４３ｂには、ブロワ４５が配設されている。供給パイプ４３ｂは、供給パイプ４３ｃを介して加熱器３１に接続されている。供給パイプ４３ｃには、ブロワ４６が配設されている。なお、ブロワ４５，４６は、コントローラ１００の出力ポート側に接続されて、コントローラ１００からの指令によって適宜駆動されるようになっている。 The supply pipe 43b is connected to the mixer 43. A blower 45 is disposed in the supply pipe 43b. The supply pipe 43b is connected to the heater 31 via the supply pipe 43c. A blower 46 is disposed in the supply pipe 43c. The blowers 45 and 46 are connected to the output port side of the controller 100 and are appropriately driven by commands from the controller 100.
　また、混合器４３には、供給パイプ３３ａが接続されている。供給パイプ３３ａには、蒸発器３２および燃料ポンプ３３が配設されている。これにより、燃料ポンプ３３から供給された燃料は、蒸発器３２によって蒸気化され、混合器４３に供給される。 Further, a supply pipe 33 a is connected to the mixer 43. An evaporator 32 and a fuel pump 33 are disposed in the supply pipe 33a. As a result, the fuel supplied from the fuel pump 33 is vaporized by the evaporator 32 and supplied to the mixer 43.
　本実施形態においては、蒸発器３２、燃料ポンプ３３及びブロワ４５により、改質器３０に水素含有ガスおよび酸素含有ガスを供給する改質器ガス供給部Ｂ３を構成している。 In this embodiment, the evaporator 32, the fuel pump 33, and the blower 45 constitute the reformer gas supply unit B3 that supplies the hydrogen-containing gas and the oxygen-containing gas to the reformer 30.
　本実施形態に係る燃料電池システムＡ３によれば、上記第１および第２実施形態で述べた効果と同様の効果に加え、次の効果を得ることができる。
・アノード極２１から排出された排ガスを、アノード排ガス循環部Ｄを通じて循環させることにより、発電によりアノード極２１で生成した水蒸気を、改質器３０での反応に利用することができる。
・これにより燃料電池システムＡ３は、水タンクを搭載することなく発電可能となり、車載用システムをより小型化することができる。
・これらに加え、燃料電池システムＡ３でも、起動燃焼器１２に供給する空気を起動用ガス供給部Ｂ１から供給することにより大型のブロワを搭載せずに再起動にかかる時間を短くすることができる。従って、燃料電池システムＡ３では、システム効率を更に高めることができる。 According to the fuel cell system A3 according to the present embodiment, the following effects can be obtained in addition to the effects similar to those described in the first and second embodiments.
By circulating the exhaust gas discharged from the anode 21 through the anode exhaust gas circulation part D, the water vapor generated at the anode 21 by power generation can be used for the reaction in the reformer 30.
-Thereby, the fuel cell system A3 can generate power without mounting a water tank, and the in-vehicle system can be further downsized.
In addition to these, also in the fuel cell system A3, by supplying the air supplied to the startup combustor 12 from the startup gas supply unit B1, the time required for restart can be shortened without installing a large blower. . Therefore, in the fuel cell system A3, the system efficiency can be further increased.
　本実施形態に係る燃料電池システムＡ３では、起動燃焼器１２による加熱に加え、改質器３０への燃料ガスおよび空気の供給、及びアノード極２１から排出した排ガスの循環を行いながら起動することにより、常温から再起動した場合と比較して、起動時間を１／２０にすることができる。 In the fuel cell system A3 according to the present embodiment, in addition to heating by the startup combustor 12, the fuel cell system A3 is started while supplying fuel gas and air to the reformer 30 and circulating the exhaust gas discharged from the anode 21. The startup time can be reduced to 1/20 compared to the case of restarting from room temperature.
　なお、上述した各実施形態においては、高温になる部分の断熱を十分に行うことが必要である。放熱を防ぐことで、高温部の温度低下を少なくすることが可能となり、再起動開始までの時間を長く保つことができる。最も断熱に優れるのは、真空断熱であるが、真空断熱が困難な場合には、熱伝導度０．１Ｗ／ｍ・Ｋ以下の断熱材を用い、放熱を防ぐ構造とすることが望ましい。 In each of the above-described embodiments, it is necessary to sufficiently insulate a portion that becomes hot. By preventing heat dissipation, it is possible to reduce the temperature drop in the high temperature part, and the time until the start of restart can be kept long. The most excellent heat insulation is vacuum heat insulation, but when vacuum heat insulation is difficult, it is desirable to use a heat insulating material having a thermal conductivity of 0.1 W / m · K or less to prevent heat radiation.
　上記各実施形態によれば、少なくとも次の各効果を得ることができる。
・起動燃焼器１２に供給する空気を、起動用ガス供給部Ｂ１から供給することにより、起動用に大型ブロワを搭載せずに済む。
・これによりシステム構造の高さを小さくすることが可能であり、車両の床下への搭載性に優れたシステムを得ることができると共に、燃料ガスの循環速度が小さいシステムでも良好な排水機能を得ることができる。
・燃料電池２０の温度が所定の温度Ｔｆ以下になったときに再起動を行っているので、再起動にかかる時間を短くすることができる。
・起動用ガス供給部Ｂ１により所定時間Ｔｄ内に起動可能な温度で再起動することにより、そのシステムに適した再起動時間で再起動を行うことができる。
・再起動を行った際に発電される電力をバッテリに充電することにより、電力を無駄にすることなく、有効に使用することができる。
・再起動温度Ｔｆを発電時における発電部の温度の６０%以上にすることにより、再起動にかかる時間を短くすることができる。
・再起動温度Ｔｆを発電時における発電部の温度の７５%以上にすることにより、より短時間で再起動することができる。
・カソード極２２から排出された排加熱用ガスの一部をカソード極２２に返戻送給するためのカソード排加熱用ガス返戻路を設けることなく再起動を行なえる。これにより、燃料電池内の温度分布が大きくすることなく、再起動を行なうことができる。 According to the above embodiments, at least the following effects can be obtained.
-By supplying the air supplied to the startup combustor 12 from the startup gas supply unit B1, it is not necessary to mount a large blower for startup.
・ This makes it possible to reduce the height of the system structure, and to obtain a system that is excellent in mountability under the floor of a vehicle, as well as obtaining a good drainage function even in a system with a low fuel gas circulation speed. be able to.
Since the restart is performed when the temperature of the fuel cell 20 becomes equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature Tf, the time required for the restart can be shortened.
By restarting at a temperature that can be started within the predetermined time Td by the startup gas supply unit B1, the restart can be performed with a restart time suitable for the system.
-By charging the battery with the electric power generated when restarting, it can be used effectively without wasting the electric power.
The time required for restart can be shortened by setting the restart temperature Tf to 60% or more of the temperature of the power generation unit during power generation.
-The restart can be restarted in a shorter time by setting the restart temperature Tf to 75% or more of the temperature of the power generation unit during power generation.
Reactivation can be performed without providing a cathode exhaust heating gas return path for returning a part of the exhaust heating gas discharged from the cathode electrode 22 back to the cathode electrode 22. Thereby, restart can be performed without increasing the temperature distribution in the fuel cell.
　以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、これらの実施形態は本発明の理解を容易にするために記載された単なる例示に過ぎず、本発明は当該実施形態に限定されるものではない。本発明の技術的範囲は、上記実施形態で開示した具体的な技術事項に限らず、そこから容易に導きうる様々な変形、変更、代替技術なども含むものである。例えば、上記実施形態において、再起動を許容するための再起動許容スイッチ（ディリーユーザーボタン）を設けるとともに、コントローラ１００に再起動許容スイッチがオン操作されているか否かを判定するためのスイッチ判定部を設け、再起動許容スイッチがオン操作されていると判定されたときのみに、起動用ガス供給部からカソードに供給されるカソードガスを起動燃焼器に供給するように構成することができる。再起動許容スイッチがオン操作されているときにのみ再起動運転を行うことにより、使用頻度が低い場合の再起動の消費エネルギーを減少させることができる。 As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, these embodiment is only the mere illustration described in order to make an understanding of this invention easy, and this invention is not limited to the said embodiment. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific technical matters disclosed in the above embodiment, but includes various modifications, changes, alternative techniques, and the like that can be easily derived therefrom. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the switch determination unit for providing a restart allowance switch (daily user button) for allowing the restart and for determining whether or not the restart permitting switch is turned on in the controller 100. The cathode gas supplied to the cathode from the startup gas supply unit can be supplied to the startup combustor only when it is determined that the restart permission switch is turned on. By performing the restart operation only when the restart permission switch is turned on, it is possible to reduce the energy consumed for restart when the use frequency is low.
　本出願は、２０１１年４月４日に出願された日本国特許願第２０１１－０８２６００号に基づく優先権を主張しており、これらの出願の全内容が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。 This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-082600 filed on April 4, 2011, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
　本発明の固体酸化物型燃料電池システム及びその運転方法によれば、起動燃焼器に燃焼用ガスを供給するための大型ブロワを設けることなく、固体酸化物型燃料電池システムの小型化を図り、かつ、その起動に要する時間を短くすることができる。 According to the solid oxide fuel cell system and the operation method thereof of the present invention, without providing a large blower for supplying combustion gas to the start-up combustor, the solid oxide fuel cell system can be downsized. In addition, the time required for the activation can be shortened.
１２　起動燃焼器
１６　バッテリ
２０　固体酸化物型燃料電池（燃料電池）
２１　アノード極
２２　カソード極
３０　改質器
Ａ１，Ａ２，Ａ３　固体酸化物型燃料電池システム
Ｂ１　起動用ガス供給部
Ｂ２，Ｂ３　改質器ガス供給部
１０１　燃料電池温度判定部
１０２　再起動部
１０３　発電可能温度判定部
１０４　起動用ガス供給停止部
１０５　改質器温度測定部
１０６　改質器温度判定部 12 Start Combustor 16 Battery 20 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (Fuel Cell)
21 Anode electrode 22 Cathode electrode 30 Reformers A1, A2, A3 Solid oxide fuel cell system B1 Start gas supply unit B2, B3 Reformer gas supply unit 101 Fuel cell temperature determination unit 102 Restart unit 103 Power generation possible Temperature determination unit 104 Start gas supply stop unit 105 Reformer temperature measurement unit 106 Reformer temperature determination unit

Claims (9)

  1. 　電解質膜と、該電解質膜の両側に積層したアノード極およびカソード極とを備え、前記アノード極およびカソード極にそれぞれアノードガスおよびカソードガスを流通させることにより発電を行う固体酸化物型燃料電池と、
    　前記固体酸化物型燃料電池を昇温するための高温の燃焼ガスを生成する起動燃焼器と、
    　前記カソード極に供給されるカソードガスを前記起動燃焼器に供給する起動用ガス供給部と、
    　前記固体酸化物型燃料電池の温度が所定の温度以下になったか否かを判定する燃料電池温度判定部と、
    　前記燃料電池温度判定部により前記固体酸化物型燃料電池の温度が所定の温度以下になったと判定された場合に、前記起動用ガス供給部により前記カソード極に供給されるカソードガスを前記起動燃焼器に供給することで、再起動を行う再起動部と、
    　を備えたことを特徴とする固体酸化物型燃料電池システム。     A solid oxide fuel cell comprising an electrolyte membrane, and an anode electrode and a cathode electrode laminated on both sides of the electrolyte membrane, and generating electricity by flowing an anode gas and a cathode gas to the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, respectively;
    A start-up combustor for generating a high-temperature combustion gas for raising the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell;
    A starting gas supply unit that supplies the cathode gas supplied to the cathode electrode to the starting combustor;
    A fuel cell temperature determination unit for determining whether or not the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature;
    When the fuel cell temperature determination unit determines that the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell has become equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, the start combustion of the cathode gas supplied to the cathode electrode by the start gas supply unit A restarting unit for restarting by supplying to the container,
    A solid oxide fuel cell system comprising:
  2. 　前記所定の温度が、前記再起動を所定時間内に終了することを可能とする温度であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の固体酸化物型燃料電池システム。 The solid oxide fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined temperature is a temperature that allows the restart to be completed within a predetermined time.
  3. 　前記所定の温度が、前記固体酸化物型燃料電池の発電時における温度の６０%以上であることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の固体酸化物型燃料電池システム。 3. The solid oxide fuel cell system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the predetermined temperature is 60% or more of a temperature during power generation of the solid oxide fuel cell.
  4. 　前記所定の温度が、前記固体酸化物型燃料電池の発電時における温度の７５%以上であることを特徴とする請求項１～３のいずれか１項に記載の固体酸化物型燃料電池システム。 The solid oxide fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the predetermined temperature is 75% or more of a temperature during power generation of the solid oxide fuel cell.
  5. 　前記再起動を行った際に発電される電力を充電するバッテリを更に備えたことを特徴とする請求項１～４のいずれか１項に記載の固体酸化物型燃料電池システム。 The solid oxide fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a battery for charging electric power generated when the restart is performed.
  6. 　前記アノード極に供給する蒸気化した水素含有ガスを改質する改質器を更に備えたことを特徴とする請求項１～５のいずれか１項に記載の固体酸化物型燃料電池システム。 The solid oxide fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a reformer that reforms the vaporized hydrogen-containing gas supplied to the anode electrode.
  7. 　前記改質器に水素含有ガスおよび酸素含有ガスを供給する改質器ガス供給部を更に備えたことを特徴とする請求項６に記載の固体酸化物型燃料電池システム。 The solid oxide fuel cell system according to claim 6, further comprising a reformer gas supply unit that supplies a hydrogen-containing gas and an oxygen-containing gas to the reformer.
  8. 　前記再起動を許容するための再起動許容スイッチと、
    　前記再起動許容スイッチがオン操作されているか否かを判定するスイッチ判定部と、
    　前記スイッチ判定部により前記再起動許容スイッチがオン操作されていると判定されたときに、前記起動用ガス供給部により前記カソード極に供給されるカソードガスを前記起動燃焼器に供給することを特徴とする請求項１～７のいずれか１項に記載の固体酸化物型燃料電池システム。     A restart permission switch for allowing the restart;
    A switch determination unit that determines whether or not the restart permission switch is turned on;
    When the switch determination unit determines that the restart permission switch is turned on, the starter gas supply unit supplies the cathode gas supplied to the cathode electrode to the starter combustor. The solid oxide fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
  9. 　電解質膜と、該電解質膜の両側に積層したアノード極およびカソード極とを備え、前記アノード極およびカソード極にそれぞれアノードガスおよびカソードガスを流通させることにより発電を行う固体酸化物型燃料電池と、
    　前記固体酸化物型燃料電池を昇温するための高温の燃焼ガスを生成する起動燃焼器と、
    　を設け、
    　前記固体酸化物型燃料電池の温度が所定の温度以下になったとき、前記カソード極に供給されるカソードガスを前記起動燃焼器に供給することで、再起動を行うことを特徴とする固体酸化物型燃料電池システムの運転方法。     A solid oxide fuel cell comprising an electrolyte membrane, and an anode electrode and a cathode electrode laminated on both sides of the electrolyte membrane, and generating electricity by flowing an anode gas and a cathode gas to the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, respectively;
    A start-up combustor that generates a high-temperature combustion gas for raising the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell;
    Provided,
    When the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, the cathode gas supplied to the cathode electrode is supplied to the startup combustor to perform restarting. Operation method of physical fuel cell system.
PCT/JP2012/055134 2011-04-04 2012-02-29 Solid oxide fuel cell system and operating method therefor WO2012137564A1 (en)

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