WO2012136850A1 - Collecteur solaire pourvu d'une couverture transparente - Google Patents

Collecteur solaire pourvu d'une couverture transparente Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012136850A1
WO2012136850A1 PCT/EP2012/056464 EP2012056464W WO2012136850A1 WO 2012136850 A1 WO2012136850 A1 WO 2012136850A1 EP 2012056464 W EP2012056464 W EP 2012056464W WO 2012136850 A1 WO2012136850 A1 WO 2012136850A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar collector
solar
collector according
energy
cover
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/056464
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Helmut Jäger
Kai Wendker
Original Assignee
Solvis Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Solvis Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Solvis Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority to EP12715067.0A priority Critical patent/EP2694886A1/fr
Publication of WO2012136850A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012136850A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
    • H01L31/0521—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/20—Solar heat collectors using working fluids having circuits for two or more working fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/20—Cleaning; Removing snow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/50—Preventing overheating or overpressure
    • F24S40/53—Preventing overheating or overpressure by venting solar heat collector enclosures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/50—Preventing overheating or overpressure
    • F24S40/57—Preventing overpressure in solar collector enclosures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F24S80/54—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings using evacuated elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F24S80/58—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings characterised by their mountings or fixing means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solar collector with a transparent cover with one of the solar radiation facing outside, with a solar radiation receiving and converting into another form of energy element inside the solar collector.
  • Solar collectors also referred to as solar panels, there are essentially in two different forms, namely on the one hand as a thermal solar collectors u nd the other hand, al photovoltaic Solarkol lektoren.
  • the solar collectors are exposed to solar radiation by arranging the solar collectors, in particular, on roofs or the like.
  • the solar radiation falls through a cover in the form of a transparent glass pane on the elements inside the solar collector.
  • Thermal solar collectors are used in building services to provide energy for heating and hot water. Inside the solar collector are highly selectively coated absorber sheets, which absorb the solar radiation and convert it into heat. This heat is transferred into fluids that contain mostly water. These fluids flow through tubes that run along the side of the absorber facing away from the sun.
  • the cover of the thermal solar collectors consists of a transparent glass pane as standard. Between the glass sheet and the absorber are usually given about 20 mm air gap.
  • the back of the absorber with the pipes running along there is usually equipped with a rock wool insulation with an insulation thickness of for example 50 mm to 60 mm thickness.
  • These thermal solar collectors reach operating temperatures of about 50 ° C to 90 ° C. If no heat is removed, the thermal solar collectors can also reach so-called standstill temperatures of up to 230 ° C. The efficiency of the thermal solar collectors decreases with increasing operating temperature.
  • Photovoltaic solar collectors which are in the form of solar modules or photovoltaic systems, are used to generate electricity. Inside these solar collectors are sensitive, power-generating wafers. These silicon wafers are often embedded in a film of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • the cover for protecting the silicon wafers usually consists of a thin transparent glass pane on or under which the photovoltaic wafers are laminated.
  • the efficiency of the power generation of photovoltaic solar collectors increases with decreasing operating temperature. For this reason, the back of the solar panels is not thermally insulated.
  • PV-T solar collectors combine the heat generation of the solar thermal collectors and the power generation of the photovoltaic solar collectors.
  • the PV-T solar collectors consist of photovoltaic modules, which are fastened to the discharge of the heat generated in the wafers differently formed by flowing through fluids channels. In this way, by cooling the wafer in the photovoltaic modules, an increase in efficiency of the power generation of the photovoltaic region is achieved.
  • An object of the invention is therefore to propose a possibility for a better limitation of the temperatures in the interior of solar collectors, in particular of solar thermal collectors or PV-T solar collectors, which also leads to an economical and durable solution.
  • the problem can be solved surprisingly. Namely, it becomes possible to fully automatically consider in which state and in what mode the solar collector is straight, and depending on this, the heat transmission value can be changed.
  • the heat flow can be regulated and increased in or through the gap, so that the heat is then released to the exterior space accelerated. In this way, the overheating of the solar collector is avoided. The heat can then be released into the exterior.
  • Such a controllable possibility for the forward current can be obtained by applying a controllable vacuum in the intermediate space. If the vacuum is "perfect”, you also get a "perfect” insulation. If you let the vacuum after, so let small amounts of gas flow into the gap, the heat transfer coefficient increases accordingly and allows a higher value for the heat transfer Ström.
  • the heat transfer coefficient or heat transfer coefficient of the solar collector can be regulated at least by a factor of five.
  • a so-called intrinsically safe operation is possible. It can be ensured that when the system is currently not in operation, also a corresponding high heat flow current flows, so that so no heat build-up inside the solar collector can build.
  • a normally open valve can be used. This valve allows gas to enter the collector in the event of a malfunction inflow so that the maximum collector temperature is even limited to less than 100 ° C.
  • collector standstill temperatures of less than 80 ° C.
  • cheaper materials for different elements of the collector are possible, which can not be used at higher collector standstill temperatures.
  • This concerns in particular a number of technically interesting plastics with advantageous properties that are not sufficiently resistant to high temperatures.
  • the solar collector When used in combined PV-T solar collectors, the solar collector could be run at low energy and low thermal transmittance coefficients when heat is not needed. This is the case, for example, in summer when the storage tank is already at the desired relatively high temperature. In another situation, a PV-T solar collector with moderate power generation and high heat output can be run if the heat transfer coefficient is set low. There are two preferred ranges for the space arrangement. On the one hand, a double-glazed pane or laminated glass pane can be used as the cover. Here, it makes sense to arrange the gap between the two panes of the cover, especially as a result of a relatively easy to be performed Rundumabdichtung and sealing against the other interior of the solar collector is possible.
  • the gap is thus within the cover, but in any case between the outside of the cover and the solar absorber or more generally expressed the solar radiation in another form of energy converting element.
  • the other alternative for the arrangement of the intermediate space is to arrange it below the cover or in the area between the cover and the element which converts the solar radiation into another energy form. This is just as possible with single-pane glass as a cover, as with the use of double-glazed panes.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that the heat present in the absorber can be controlled more directly by changing the pressure in the intermediate space. However, this advantage can be achieved even with double glass panes, if they rest directly on the absorber.
  • low-e-layer is meant a layer that reflects infrared radiation.
  • the common abbreviation in the professional world refers to coatings that are often used to act as a kind of mirror for thermal radiation and thus to avoid excessive heat input. Depending on the application of this layer, it avoids that certain areas are too warm, so provides heat protection, or retains the heat.
  • the insulation of the rear side of the absorber can optionally be designed as a 3 cm to 10 cm thick, fibreglass-supported structure with a so-called vacuum insulation panel (vip).
  • the structure may be interrupted several times, for example, two to five times by films that reflect infrared radiation. Thereby, a further improvement can be achieved.
  • the vacuum is realized via a diffusion-tight film.
  • Such a system can be clocked in time with a very small vacuum pump to a pressure in the range between 0, 1 hPa and 1 hPa be evacuated. This is sufficient for vacuum insulation panels to suppress the thermal conductivity.
  • This vacuum can be provided together with the vacuum provided according to the invention in the intermediate space.
  • Snow is a considerable problem for solar collectors of all shapes and sizes. If snow falls on a solar collector and remains there, it prevents the use of the solar collector over days and weeks as it prevents any solar radiation. Snow will remain even when climatic conditions already prevail, which would in itself make an effective use of the solar collector easily possible. So far, it is necessary to mechanically remove the snow from the solar collector in order to use it again.
  • the solar collector is ready for use again, the vacuum can be rebuilt and the solar collector can be fed to its usual purpose.
  • the absorber is decoupled from the edge assembly of the solar collector, that is, for example, a surrounding tub. Without lateral storage, it is possible to thermally and mechanically relieve the edge bond.
  • occurring forces in the solar collector can be transferred directly via the absorber and pipes to the rear wall of the solar collector.
  • the intermediate space according to the invention with the controllable value for the heat flow is preferably provided with a circumferential vacuum seal.
  • the property of the controllable value for the heat transmission current can be defined in a particularly defined manner, that is to say the intensity of the vacuum or the pressure of the gas present in this intermediate space.
  • a circumferential vacuum seal made of Viton used is particularly preferred.
  • spacers are used which are in particular punctiform and preferably have a contact surface of at most one hundredth of the surface of the cover.
  • a solar collector with a particularly flat design, that is, for example, only 20 mm to 40 mm height or distance between the rear wall and the cover.
  • Figure 1a is a schematic section through a first embodiment of a solar collector according to the invention.
  • Figure 1b shows a schematic section through a second embodiment of a solar collector according to the invention
  • FIG. 2a shows a schematic section through a third embodiment of a solar collector according to the invention
  • Figure 2b shows a schematic section through a fourth embodiment of a solar collector according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3a shows a schematic section through a fifth embodiment of a solar collector according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 b shows a schematic section through a sixth
  • Figure 4a shows a schematic section through a seventh embodiment of a solar collector according to the invention
  • FIG. 4b shows a schematic section through an eighth embodiment of a solar collector according to the invention.
  • Figure 5a shows a schematic section through a ninth embodiment of a solar collector according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5b shows a schematic section through a tenth embodiment of a solar collector according to the invention; a schematic section through an eleventh embodiment of a solar collector according to the invention; a schematic section through a twelfth embodiment of a solar collector according to the invention; a schematic section through a thirteenth embodiment of a solar collector according to the invention; a schematic section through a 14th embodiment of a solar collector according to the invention; a schematic section through a 15th embodiment of a solar collector according to the invention, similar to the embodiment in Figure 8a; a schematic section through a 16th embodiment of a solar collector according to the invention, similar to the embodiment in Figures 8a and 8b; a schematic section through a 17th embodiment of a solar collector according to the invention, according to the embodiments in Figures 8a and 8b; a schematic section through an 18th embodiment of a solar collector according to the invention; a schematic section through a 19th embodiment of a solar collector according to the invention; a schematic section through the edge region of a
  • FIG. 17 shows a depiction of the dependence of the heat transfer coefficient on the pressure in various embodiments of the invention.
  • the sectional views in the figures each show a vertically taken section through a solar collector.
  • the exposure to sunlight takes place in the representations from above, so that in the mounted state, the underside of the illustrated solar panels is mounted approximately on a roof.
  • the corresponding solar collectors each have a frame 1. From the frame you can see corresponding sections on the left and right of the solar collector.
  • each solar collector is covered by a solar glass pane as cover 2.
  • This cover 2 consists of a transparent material, in particular a glass. This transparent material allows sunlight to fall from above through the cover 2 into the solar collector.
  • the cover is rectangular and largely dictates the areal extent of the solar collector.
  • the frame 1 runs around the outside of the cover 2 and thus encloses the solar collector from four sides.
  • an absorber 6 the surface and approximately parallel to the cover 2 and is arranged to the solar glass in I nneren of the solar collector.
  • the absorber 6 is in most embodiments a sheet metal plate which may be selectively and optionally low-e coated. As sheet material are primarily aluminum and steel into consideration.
  • each heat transfer tubes 1 1 On the underside of the absorber 6 each heat transfer tubes 1 1 can be seen in section. This heat transfer tubes 1 1 are in contact with the underside of the absorber 6. You can see the heat transfer tubes 1 1 in section, which therefore protrude perpendicularly through the plane and parallel to the side walls of the frame 1 to be recognized.
  • the heat transfer tubes 1 1 may be connected to the plate of the absorber 6 via welding points or welds, not shown.
  • This rear wall can be made of aluminum or of a plastic.
  • the heat transfer tubes 1 1 can be supported on the rear wall 10 of the solar collector d by springs 1 9. In particular, they can be long-feathers.
  • the insulation 9 is usually made of rockwool, foam, Hard foam, plastic hollow chamber profiles and / or porous, non-conductive bulk materials such as perlite.
  • a side insulation 17 is additionally provided circumferentially, which also extends between the frame 1 and the outer edge of the absorber 6 and the frame 1 and the outer edge of the rear wall 10 and with the frame 1 to the Solar collector runs around.
  • a gap 15 Between the cover 2, through which the sunlight falls into the solar collector, and the absorber 6, there is a gap 15, to which the invention pays special attention, unlike conventional solar collectors.
  • This gap extends over the entire surface of the solar collector within the frame 1 or almost over this entire area, limited for example by the side insulation 17 and a circumferential, this gap bounding seal third
  • the aforementioned gap 15 is thus formed in the majority of embodiments, gap-like with a substantially constant thickness.
  • FIGS. 1 a to 7 The majority of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1 a to 7 have the above-described features and elements. In the details, however, differ the individual embodiments.
  • the embodiment shown in Figure 1 a has as cover 2 a transparent glass pane.
  • the gap 15 is here in the form of an air gap with a thickness between about 1 mm and 10 mm, so that the underside of the cover 2 and the top of the absorber 6 have a distance of 1 mm to 10 mm from each other.
  • the gap 15 may be filled with air or with inert gas or another gas.
  • the selection of the gas can take into account that particularly desirable insulating values are achieved and / or that at the same time corrosion protection in the intermediate space 15 between the cover 2 and the absorber 6 is achieved and condensation formation is prevented.
  • valve 13 indicated schematically. By means of this valve 13, the pressure of the gas in the intermediate space 15 can be regulated.
  • valve 13 By means of the valve 13 so the adjustment and regulation of a pressure in the interior of the inner space 15 can be made or even a be introduced into the intermediate space 15 for the first time or during maintenance.
  • FIG. 1 a shows a so-called PV-T solar collector. He therefore has so-called PV wafer 5, which are applied to the top of the absorber 6. These wafers 5 can be embedded directly on the sheet of the absorber 6 in an EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) layer. These may be, for example, PV silicon wafers. Alternatively, a PV thin film foil can also be laminated onto the absorber 6 or applied by coating. At least currently, a much better efficiency in the use of a variant with crystalline silicon can be achieved, but the invention is not limited thereto and can be designed differently depending on future developments.
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
  • a so-called low-e coating for reducing the long-wave thermal radiation to the outside is optionally applied.
  • Such a low-e coating can also be optionally mounted on the underside of the upper glass pane.
  • the heat transfer tubes 1 1 can be laser-welded to the sheet of the absorber 6. Alternatively, it is also possible to press them over a to be recognized in the figure 1 a spring 19 to the absorber plate 6 from below. In this case, a positive recess in the insulation 9 prevent slippage of the heat transfer tubes 1 1 and the spring 19 in the horizontal plane.
  • a conventional insulation 9 can be used approximately from rock wool, foam or Rockwool.
  • the cover 2 itself may be tightly sealed with an edge seal against the frame 1, but this is not required with a hundred percent tightness.
  • a small leak rate is tolerable in this embodiment of the invention, which brings a great advantage in terms of manufacturing technology.
  • the Small leak rate is acceptable in that anyway a pump and a valve is provided, with which the pressure in the gap 15 or the quality of the vacuum can be readjusted. Due to the leak rate in the interspace 15 penetrating particles or molecules thus represent only a temporary and due to the other regulation easily eliminable or be considered disturbance.
  • the gap 15 is filled as mentioned by the valve 13 with a pressure-controllable gas.
  • the valve 13 is purely schematic; One can also imagine a vacuum pump connected to the intermediate space 15, with which a controllable vacuum of different intensity can be drawn.
  • valve 13 may be thought to controllably relax the mentioned vacuum when certain constraints exist.
  • a measuring sensor for example, serve a pressure sensor.
  • the filling level of the solar collector could be regulated via the valve 13, which in this case is connected to a noble gas container.
  • the valve 13 which in this case is connected to a noble gas container.
  • the PV yields are increased.
  • FIG. 1b shows an alternative embodiment. This shows that as well as the transparent cover 2 facing the front of the absorber 6 and the rear of the absorber 6 m with the heat transfer tubes 1 1 adjustable with air, inert gas or vacuum or other gases are applied and so the heat loss and thus the characteristics of the solar collector can be further influenced.
  • a housing 26 made of plastic, steel or aluminum is provided in trough shape, in which the frame 1 and the rear wall 10 are integrally formed and merge into one another. Nevertheless, a side insulation 17 can be seen.
  • the insulation 9 can assume a dual function for insulation and support, in particular when a hard foam, in particular rigid polyurethane foam, a hollow plastic chamber profile or a porous, non-heat-conducting bulk material such as perlite is used as materials.
  • the heat transfer coefficients of a solar collector of about 0.8 to 4 W / m 2 K and of 10 W / m 2 K to 20 W / m 2 K can be controlled by such measures.
  • FIGS. 1 a, 1 b and 7 it is also already apparent that the absorber 6 can also be supported relative to the cover 2, for example with spacers 20, which can have the form of rods or balls, for example, and can be directly on the Support absorber 6.
  • the spacers 20 should preferably be transparent and constructed in the form of a grid with a column spacing of approximately 50 mm.
  • FIG. 2 a shows an alternative embodiment in which the cover 2 is designed as a laminated glass pane. It should be noted that the sectional view in FIG. 2a is not to scale.
  • the laminated glass of the cover plate 2 has upper and lower glass sheets, and the lower glass sheet is laminated directly onto the absorber 6.
  • the wafers 5 are applied to the upper side of the lower pane, they are thus within the Cover 2 or within the laminated glass pane.
  • the PV wafers 5 can be accommodated in an EVA layer, a PV thin-film foil laminated or a PV coating applied.
  • the PV thin film or the PV coating is optimally applied a low-e-layer.
  • a low-e layer can also be applied optically on the underside of the upper glass pane.
  • FIG 2b a further modification is now made, and indeed the structure of Figure 2a is shown, in which case additionally the rear K value between the absorber 6 and the rear wall 10 is regulated.
  • valve 14 is indicated, with which the pressure in this area can be regulated similarly as in FIG. 1 b.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b show a construction which follows that in FIGS. 2a and 2b to a large extent.
  • the PV wafers 5 are laminated directly on the absorber 6 embedded in an EVA sheet 12, a laminated PV thin film or a PV coating.
  • the laminated glass of the cover 2 is then laminated on the EVA film 12 in this case.
  • the lower pane of the cover 2 is here optionally low-e coated on the top, as well as the underside of the upper glass pane.
  • FIG. 4a shows two further embodiments of the invention. You start from an absorber 6 in sandwich construction.
  • the or the heat transfer tubes 1 1 are preferably welded to the sheet of the absorber 6.
  • a hollow-chamber profile 22 of, for example, plastic, steel or aluminum is inserted under an upper optionally selectively coated absorber sheet, preferably of aluminum.
  • the embodiment in FIG. 4 b has a sandwich construction with a corrugated profile 21.
  • the heat carrier tube 1 1 can be welded onto the absorber sheet 6 or the sheet metal of the corrugated profile 21 or with a longitudinal spring 19 against the absorber 6 pressed, which is supported on the lower plate, similar to that described in connection with Figure 1.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b are equipped with an optionally selectively coated, full-surface-flow plastic absorber. Again, there is a controllable heat loss coefficient of the cover 2 and optionally in the figure 5b and for the insulation 9 to the rear wall 10th
  • a selectively coated honeycomb absorber 23 is supported directly on the cover 2.
  • a PV thin film may also be laminated.
  • a PV coating may also be applied.
  • the PV thin film or PV coating may optionally be low-e coated. This in turn results in a controllable heat loss coefficient of the cover 2 and optionally in the figure 6b and the insulation 9 of the rear wall 10.
  • the honeycomb profile 23 roughly corresponds to what is known from the washing drums washing machines such as the provider Miele. A profile with a honeycomb key width of about 33 mm is preferred. This honeycomb profile is slightly modified by forming so-called pins with contact to the cover 2 of the solar collector. Again, there is a controllable heat transfer coefficient of the cover and optionally the insulation 9 of the rear wall 10th As has emerged in experiments, a low-e coating is particularly useful and advantageous on the surface that limit the gap 15 on the bottom. Likewise, optionally may be applied to the underside of the upper glass pane, a low-e-layer.
  • an anti-reflection coating can optionally be applied to all the glass panes of the cover 2 used on the upper side and / or the lower side.
  • a pressure of 5 times 10 "2 hPa to 10 " 3 hPa (corresponding to the same values in mbar) for the space 15 between, for example, the two panes of a laminated pane for the cover 2 is generally sufficient for the intended applications in solar collectors
  • the mentioned pressures of 5 times 10 "2 hPa to 10 " 3 hPa can with relatively favorable Vacuum pumps can be achieved, for example with rotary vane vacuum pumps. In this way, the overall price of the system remains economical.
  • a jerk of 1 0 "4 hPa allows a further increase in the thermal collector performance for applications with high operating temperatures, ie considerable process heat.
  • FIG. 8 a describes a further embodiment of a PV-T collector in a well housing with a shaped support for a vacuum-tight laminated glass pane 24.
  • the laminated glass pane consists of a glass-applied PV module and a solargium solar cell.
  • the glass panes are connected to one another via spacers.
  • At the glass edges of the formed glass interior is sealed with a seal 3 vacuum-tight with respect to the environment.
  • the laminated glass pane can be controlled by an external vacuum pump, the pressure in the glass space.
  • Between the edge of the bath and the double glazing silicone adhesive ALS silicone sealing 28 is used for sealing to the outside.
  • the contacted PV wafers are laminated with ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA film) directly on the absorber plate of the absorber 6 of the thermal collector for the best possible heat transfer, alternatively, the PV module (thin film or wafer) is directly applied to the absorber ,
  • EVA film ethylene vinyl acetate
  • the absorber plate preferably has no lateral contact with the edge seal on the tub housing, so that, firstly, no thermal bridge is created and, secondly, the seal 3 of the vacuum is not unnecessarily thermally stressed.
  • Absorber plate and absorber tube of the absorber 6 are as in the detailed representations of Figures 13a and 13b sketched together.
  • Figure 13a represents a solid welded or glued connection
  • Figure 13b is a positive connection, for example produced by rolling the absorber sheet.
  • the support of the absorber tubes on the rear wall of the tub housing 26 by means of long springs with or without Pipe holding stackable.
  • the long spring can be glued to the rear wall or positively connected to the rear wall, to the rear wall can be formed accordingly.
  • a pipe support 47 may be used as in Figure 13d.
  • the back of the collector is thermally insulated.
  • FIG. 8b shows a structure as in FIG. 8a with the difference that no photovoltaic layer is applied, so that in FIG. 8b it is merely a vacuum collector.
  • FIGS. 9a and 9b show a slightly modified construction compared to FIGS. 8a and 8b.
  • the tray used in Figure 8a is replaced by a frame profile 33 with a rear wall
  • the seal between the rear wall 10 and frame profile 33 is made by silicone adhesive.
  • FIGS 10a and 10b show two embodiments with a covered with a simple solar glass pane 2 absorber 6, in which the entire collector is designed evacuated. Alternatively, it can be filled with inert gas.
  • FIG. 10a shows a PV-T collector
  • FIG. 10b shows a vacuum collector. Due to the elimination of the rear insulation and the small distance between the disc 2 and absorber 6, the collector can be made with very low height, for example, only 20 to 40 mm. It is therefore also suitable for other fields of application, e.g. as facade element.
  • FIGS 13c and 13d show 2 possible embodiments:
  • the support of the solar glass pane 2 with respect to the absorber 6 is punctiform by spacers 32, which are pronounced in the absorber sheet, embossed on the absorber plate or glued with intervals of grids of 5 to 15 cm.
  • the distance between glass pane 2 and absorber 6 is 1 to 5 mm, so that a variable heat transfer through the transparent cover 2 is created by the controllable internal pressure in the collector.
  • the absorber tubes of the absorber 6 is similar to the outer tube contour shaped with a distance of 5 to 15 cm. It is either positively connected to the pipe (13c) or pipe and absorber are fixedly connected to each other and the absorber sheet is provided with an expansion fold (13d) so that the absorber sheet can move between two adjacent pipes by continuing around the pipe around places.
  • the pipe is supported by a long spring or with a fixed pipe holder against the tub housing.
  • the absorber plate preferably has no lateral contact with the edge seal on the tub housing, so that firstly no thermal bridge is formed, secondly the vacuum seal 3 is not unnecessarily thermally stressed and thirdly no storage of the absorber 6 to the side is necessary.
  • the storage and sealing of the solar glass pane 2 show in detail the figures 1 1 (unclamped embodiment) and 12 (stapled embodiment).
  • FIG. 11 shows, in three embodiments, an identical structure with the silicone seal 28, the actual vacuum seal 3 and an optional seal 4, which, for example, assumes a holding function of the vacuum seal or can absorb movements of the glass pane during evacuation.
  • the vacuum seal 3 can be designed flat sealing, as one or preferably a plurality of round cords or as a tooth gasket.
  • the elements of the seal 3 are positively fixed in the trough 26, so that they are not sucked during evacuation of the vacuum in the collector or slip.
  • a controlled via an adjustable vacuum heat transfer of a flat collector has been described.
  • a PV-T collector is outlined, which is provided with alternative control devices for adjusting the heat transfer via the transparent Solar glass pane 2 is provided.
  • the heat transfer is controlled by egg nen lifting mechanism of the absorber 6, which changes the position of the absorber in the collector box such that a distance in the range of 0 ... 20 mm between the absorber 6 and 2 Solarabdeckusion adjusts.
  • FIG. 14a shows a pneumatically operated pneumatic lifting mechanism.
  • compressed air is fed into several pistons via a valve 13.
  • a plurality of stop plugs 38 fastened to the absorber are moved away from the cover disk and a return spring 34 is loaded under pressure.
  • the valve closes at a distance between absorber and disc of about 20 mm.
  • the valve opens and the return spring establishes contact between the laminated PV absorber and the glass pane.
  • the valve is normally open, so that an intrinsically safe construction of the PV-T collector is guaranteed.
  • the variant according to FIG. 14b functions in the same way as the variant in FIG. 14a with the difference that instead of a piston, a hose 36 is filled with compressed air which moves a lifting element 38 fastened to the absorber 6.
  • the hose can be open or consist of several hose elements.
  • thermocouple 37 which is fastened to the absorber at several points.
  • This variant can not be controlled from the outside and is only a standstill protection.
  • heating the absorber moves through the heating of the inner wax element of the punch of the thermocouple out of this and presses the absorber against the cover.
  • the process path of the absorber can be increased by a lever.
  • FIG. 15 shows an embodiment with a motor-driven absorber heater, which is designed so that it can be controlled in a controllable manner by means of a collector cover.
  • the electric motor attracts a Bowden cable 39 for the thermally optimized collector operation, which lowers the absorber via several, preferably two counter-rotating cam roller pairs 38.
  • the PV-T collector is by a return spring outside the collector, z. B. executed by a circular guide of the cable preferably on the engine intrinsically safe. The spring is clamped when the absorber is lowered and returns the absorber to the cover plate in the event of a power failure or in PV-optimized operation.
  • a motor can be used to activate the lifting mechanism of several collectors.
  • FIG. 16 shows a collector characteristic curve for different collector types. Upwards the thermal efficiency is plotted in percent, to the right the ratio (T m -T at b) / G.
  • T m is the mean collector temperature in [K]
  • Tamb the ambient temperature in [K]
  • G the irradiation on the collector in [W / m 2 ].
  • the three curves show different collector characteristics in solar flat collectors, which are simply covered with a glass pane and have an air gap of 20 mm.
  • Curve 1 denotes a PV-T solar flat collector under load
  • curve 2 a PV-T solar flat collector at idle
  • curve 3 a selectively coated standard solar flat collector simply covered with a glass sheet.
  • the construction of the invention allows an extension of the controllable characteristic field between the curves 1 * and 3 * in the qualitative representation.
  • the curve 1 * arises from the curve 1 by an increased heat conduction in the reduced air gap, for example at atmospheric pressure.
  • the curve 3 * arises from the curve 3 by evacuating a reduced air gap.
  • FIG. 17 shows the dependence of the heat transmission coefficient on the pressure in the intermediate space 15 with a pane spacing of a laminated glass of a cover 2 of 1 mm. To the right, the gas pressure in hPa is shown, to the top, the heat transfer coefficient A gas [W / (m 2 K)]. It can be seen that the heat transfer coefficient, which initially increases with increasing pressure, finally strives for a limit value.
  • PV layer for example wafers embedded in EVA foil

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un collecteur solaire qui possède une couverture transparente ayant un côté extérieur orienté vers le rayonnement solaire. Un élément absorbant le rayonnement solaire et le convertissant en une autre forme d'énergie se trouve à l'intérieur du collecteur solaire. Un espace intermédiaire est disposé entre le côté extérieur de la couverture orienté vers le rayonnement solaire et l'élément convertissant le rayonnement solaire en une autre forme d'énergie. Cet espace intermédiaire présente une valeur réglable pour le flux direct de chaleur.
PCT/EP2012/056464 2011-04-08 2012-04-10 Collecteur solaire pourvu d'une couverture transparente WO2012136850A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12715067.0A EP2694886A1 (fr) 2011-04-08 2012-04-10 Collecteur solaire pourvu d'une couverture transparente

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DE102011016461 2011-04-08
DE102011016461.8 2011-04-08
DE102011107393.4 2011-07-07
DE102011107393A DE102011107393A1 (de) 2011-04-08 2011-07-07 Solarkollektor mit transparenter Abdeckung

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CN112865690A (zh) * 2016-03-24 2021-05-28 双阳公司 一种配备热交换器固定装置的混合型太阳能电池板

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FR3004288A1 (fr) * 2013-04-04 2014-10-10 Bc Partners Panneau solaire auto refroidissant
DE102013014220A1 (de) * 2013-08-28 2015-03-19 Carcoustics Techconsult Gmbh Sonnenkollektor
DE102014201599A1 (de) * 2014-01-29 2015-07-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Thermischer Sonnenkollektor

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US5596981A (en) * 1993-07-19 1997-01-28 Soucy; Paul B. Solar device and method for assembly
DE10207852A1 (de) * 2001-02-23 2002-09-19 Vaillant Gmbh Solar-Kollektor
EP1529921A2 (fr) * 2003-10-27 2005-05-11 Werner Wüthrich Elément de fermeture réduisant la transmission de la chaleur
EP2058604B1 (fr) 2007-11-06 2010-09-01 Viktor G., Collecteur solaire amélioré
US20100242951A1 (en) * 2009-03-31 2010-09-30 Soucy Paul B Apparatus for inhibiting pressure fluctuations and moisture contamination within solar collectors and multi-glazed windows
DE102010004874A1 (de) 2009-07-06 2011-01-13 Technische Universität München PV/T-Anlagen in Wasseraufbereitungssystemen
DE102009035869A1 (de) 2009-08-03 2011-02-10 Juran, Helmut, Dipl.-Ing. Zweiachsig frei balancierende, solarkonzentrierende Absorber- und Speicheranlage

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US5596981A (en) * 1993-07-19 1997-01-28 Soucy; Paul B. Solar device and method for assembly
DE10207852A1 (de) * 2001-02-23 2002-09-19 Vaillant Gmbh Solar-Kollektor
EP1529921A2 (fr) * 2003-10-27 2005-05-11 Werner Wüthrich Elément de fermeture réduisant la transmission de la chaleur
EP2058604B1 (fr) 2007-11-06 2010-09-01 Viktor G., Collecteur solaire amélioré
US20100242951A1 (en) * 2009-03-31 2010-09-30 Soucy Paul B Apparatus for inhibiting pressure fluctuations and moisture contamination within solar collectors and multi-glazed windows
DE102010004874A1 (de) 2009-07-06 2011-01-13 Technische Universität München PV/T-Anlagen in Wasseraufbereitungssystemen
DE102009035869A1 (de) 2009-08-03 2011-02-10 Juran, Helmut, Dipl.-Ing. Zweiachsig frei balancierende, solarkonzentrierende Absorber- und Speicheranlage

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112865690A (zh) * 2016-03-24 2021-05-28 双阳公司 一种配备热交换器固定装置的混合型太阳能电池板

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EP2694886A1 (fr) 2014-02-12

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